David M. KlurfeldARS National Program Leader, Human Nutrition

• Grapes and Health – 280 publications• Raisins and Health – 188• Wine and Health – 1316–Wine – 9655 – “Red Wine” – 1650

• Resveratrol and Health – 335– Resveratrol – 2708

• Components of grapes/wine that can enhance human health and provide for the nutritional needs of the American public– Compounds may need to be delivered as a

package to derive maximal benefit

• Health and nutrition concerns will be strong drivers for the market of both traditional and innovative products

• Antioxidants• Antioxidants• Antioxidants

• Red wine – heart disease– Still controversial – AHA says no specific

link• Grape/wine reduction of blood clotting– Ethanol has similar effect

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Klurfeld & Kritchevsky, Exp Molec Pathol 34:62 (1981)

Alcoholic Beverages and Aortic Atherosclerosis

WR Leifert & MY Abeywardena, Nutr Res, 28:7290737 (2008)

• Chemical characterization of red wine grape (Vitis vinifera and Vitis interspecific hybrids) andpomace phenolic extracts and their biological activity against Streptococcus mutans.– Thimothe J, Bonsi IA, Padilla-Zakour OI, Koo H– J Agric Food Chem. 2007 Dec 12;55(25):10200-7.

• WHNRC – Davis, CA• Resveratrol induces apoptosis in acute

lymphoblastic leukemia cells in vitro• Following up with mice injected with ALL

cells• Resveratrol inhibits toll-like receptor

4-induced inflammation in cultured cells

• HNRCA at Tufts University• Comparing juices from:– Concord – both anthocyanins &

proanthocyanidins– Niagara – only proanthocyanidins– Thompson – neither polyphenol class

• 5 tests of psychomotor function

Flow-Mediated Dilation and Freeze-Dried Grape Powder

AA Chaves et al, Vascular Pharmacol, 50:20-26 (2009)

Mixed table grapes equivalent to ~1.25 cup

Sugar Water

Grapes

Flow-Mediated Dilation and Freeze-Dried Grape Powder

AA Chaves et al, Vascular Pharmacol, 50:20-26 (2009)

Mixed table grapes equivalent to ~2.5 cups

Flow-Mediated Dilation and Freeze-Dried Grape Powder

AA Chaves et al, Vascular Pharmacol, 50:20-26 (2009)

High Fat Meal + Mixed table grapes equivalent to ~1.25 cup

HF Meal

HF Meal & Grape

A. Di Castelnuovo et al, Arch Intern Med 166:2437-2445 (2006)

Meta-Analysis of 34 Prospective Studies >1,000,000 subjects, 94,000 deaths analyzed

R di Giuseppe at al, Am J Clin Nutr, 89:354-362 (2009)

~1400 subjects from Italy, Belgium, and England

Mortality in 2468 Finnish men with 29-yr follow-up

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T. Strandberg et al, J Gerontol A 62:213 (2007)

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Correlation ≠ Proof

• Quercetin used to be king of the compounds• >1600 compounds in grapes– Concentrations in wine differ from juice

• Equivalents in both animal and human studies range up to pounds/day or 300 bottles of wine

• “All things are poison and nothing is without poison, only the dose permits something not to be poisonous” – Paracelsus (1493-1541)

www.dietandcancerreport.org

Released Nov 1, 2007 in Washington, DC and several other locationsaround the world

517 page report along withCD-ROM of 20 systematicliterature reviews