dauhoang ktmt chuong 2 cpu

8/13/2019 DauHoang KTMT Chuong 2 CPU

1/32

HC VIN CNG NGH BU CHNH VIN THNG

BI GING MN

KIN TRC MY TNH

Ging vin: TS. Hong Xun Du

in thoi/E-mail: [email protected]

B mn: Khoa hc my tnh - Khoa CNTT1

CHNG 2 KHI X L TRUNG TM


2/32

BI GING MN KIN TRC MY TNH

www.ptit.edu.vn GING VIN: TS. HONG XUN DUB MN: KHOA HC MY TNH - KHOA CNTT1

Trang 2


NI DUNG

1. S khi tng qut ca CPU

2. Chu trnh x l lnh ca CPU

3. Cc thanh ghi ca CPU

4. B iu khin CU5. B tnh ton s hc & logic ALU

6. Bus trong CPU

7. S khi mt s CPU


3/32



Trang 3


2.1 S khi tng qut ca CPU

CU: Control Unit

IR: Instruction Register

PC: Program Counter

MAR: Memory Address Register

MBR: Memory Buffer RegisterA: Accumulator Register

Y, Z: Temporary Register

FR: Flag Register

ALU: Arithmetic and

Logic Unit

CU

IR

PC

MAR

MBR

I

nternalBus

A

Y

ALU

Z

FR

ABus

DBus


4/32



Trang 4


2.2 Chu trnh x l lnh ca CPU

1. Khi mt chng trnh c thc hin, h iu hnh (OS -Operating System) np m chng trnh vo b nh trong;

2. a ch ca nh cha lnh u tin ca chng trnhc np vo b m chng trnh PC;

3. a ch nh cha lnh t PC c chuyn n bus Athng qua thanh ghi MAR;

4. Bus A chuyn a ch nh n n v qun l b nh(MMU - Memory Management Unit);

5. MMU chn ra nh v thc hin lnh c ni dung nh;6. Lnh (cha trong nh) c chuyn ra bus D v tip theo

c chuyn tip n thanh ghi MBR;


5/32



Trang 5


2.2 Chu trnh x l lnh ca CPU

7. MBR chuyn lnh n thanh ghi lnh IR; IR chuyn lnhvo b iu khin CU;

8. CU gii m lnh v sinh cc tn hiu iu khin cn thit,yu cu cc b phn chc nng nh ALU thc hin lnh;

9. Gi tr a ch trong b m PC c tng ln 1 n v vn tr n a ch ca nh cha lnh tip theo;

10.Cc bc t 3-9 c lp li vi tt c cc lnh cachng trnh.


6/32



Trang 6


2.3 Cc thanh ghi ca CPU

Thanh ghi (registers) l cc nh bn trong CPU: Lu tr tm thi lnh v d liu cho CPU x l; Kch thc nh; Tc rt cao (bng tc CPU)

Cc CPU c (80x86) c 16-32 thanh ghi; cc CPU hin i(Pentium 4 v Core Duo) c hng trm thanh ghi; Kch thc thanh ghi ph thuc vo thit k CPU. Cc kch

thc thng dng ca thanh ghi l 8, 16, 32, 64, 128 v 256bit:

8086-80286: 8 v 16 bit

80386-Pentium II: 16-32 bit

Pentium 4, Core Duo: 32, 64 v 128 bit.


7/32



Trang 7


2.3.1 Thanh tch lu A (Accumulator)

Thanh tch lu A l mt trong cc thanh ghi quan trng nhtca hu ht cc CPU: A c dng cha ton hng u vo

A c dng cha kt qu u ra

Kch thc ca A bng kch thc t x l ca CPU: 8, 16,32 v 64 bit.

A cng c s dng trao i d liu vi cc thit b vora.


8/32



Trang 8


2.3.1 Thanh tch lu A (Accumulator)

V d: tnh x + ys Np ton hng x vo thanh ghi A

Np ton hng y vo thanh ghi Y

ALU thc hin php cng A + Y v lu kt qu vo thanh ghi Z

Kt qu php tnh t Z c chuyn v thanh ghi A.


9/32



Trang 9


2.3.2 B m chng trnh PC

B m chng trnh PC (Program Counter) hoc con trlnh (IP Instruction Pointer) lun cha a ch ca nhcha lnh c thc hin tip theo;

PC cha a ch ca nh cha lnh u tin ca chng

trnh khi n c kch hot v c np vo b nh; Khi CPU thc hin xong lnh, a ch ca nh cha lnh

tip theo c np vo PC;

Kch thc PC ph thuc vo thit k CPU. Cc kch thc

thng dng l 8, 16, 32 v 64 bit.


10/32



Trang 10


2.3.3 Thanh ghi trng thi FR

Thanh ghi trng thi (SR - Status Register) hoc thanh ghic (FR Flag Register): mi bt ca FR lu trng thi cakt qu ca php tnh ALU thc hin;

Hai loi bt c:

C trng thi: CF, OF, AF, ZF, PF, SF C iu khin: IF, TF, DF

Cc bt c thng c s dng nh l cc iu kin trongcc lnh r nhnh to logic chng trnh;

Kch thc ca thanh ghi FR ph thuc thit k CPU.


11/32



Trang 11


2.3.3 Thanh ghi trng thi FR

ZF: C Zero, ZF=1 nu kt qu=0 v ZF=0 nu kt qu0.

SF: C du, SF=1 nu kt qu m v SF=0 nu kt qu dng.

CF: C nh, CF=1 nu c nh/mn, CF=0 trong trng hp khc.

AF: C nh ph, AF=1 nu c nh/mn na thp ca ton hng.

OF: C trn, OF=1 nu xy ra trn, OF=0 trong trng hp khc.

PF: C chn l, PF=1 nu tng s bit 1 trong kt qu l l v PF=0 nutng s bit 1 trong kt qu l chn.

IF: C ngt, IF=1: cho php ngt, IF=0: cm ngt.


12/32



Trang 12


2.3.3 Thanh ghi trng thi FR ca 8086


13/32



Trang 13


2.3.4 Con tr ngn xp SP

Ngn xp l b nh c bit hot ng theonguyn l vo sau ra trc (LIFO);

Con tr ngn xp SP (Stack Pointer) l mtthanh ghi lun cha a ch nh ngn xp;

Hai thao tc chnh vi ngn xp: Push: y d liu vo ngn xp

SPSP + 1

{SP} Data

Pop: ly d liu ra khi ngn xpRegister{SP}

SPSP - 1

SP

Stack


14/32



Trang 14


2.3.5 Cc thanh ghi tng qut

Cc thanh ghi tng qut (General Purpose Registers) l ccthanh ghi a nng, c th c s dng cho nhiu mcch: c dng cha ton hng u vo

c dng cha kt qu u ra V d: CPU Intel 8086 c 4 thanh ghi tng qut: AX: Thanh tch lu

BX: Thanh ghi c s

CX: Thanh m DX: Thanh ghi d liu


15/32



Trang 15


2.3.5 Thanh ghi lnh IR

Thanh ghi lnh IR (Instruction register) lu lnh ang thchin;

IR nhn lnh t MBR v chuyn n CU gii m v thc

hin.

MBR IR CU


16/32



Trang 16


2.3.6 Cc thanh ghi MAR v MBR

MARThanh ghi a ch b nh (Memory address register): L giao din gia CPU v bus A

Nhn a ch nh cha lnh tip theo t PC v chuyn tipra bus A.

MBRThanh ghi m d liu (Memory buffer register): L giao din gia CPU v bus D

Nhn lnh t bus D v chuyn tip n IR thng qua bus trongCPU.


17/32



Trang 17


2.3.7 Cc thanh ghi tm thi

CPU thng s dng mt s thanh ghi tm thi : cha ton hng u vo

cha kt qu u ra

H tr x l song song (thc hin nhiu lnh cng mt thi

im) H tr thc hin lnh trong c ch thc hin lnh tin tin kiu

khng theo trt t (OOOOut Of Order execution).


18/32



Trang 18


2.4 n v iu khin CU

Control UnitCU

IR

CLKALUFlags

Internalcontrolsignal

Externalcontrolsignal



19/32



Trang 19


2.4 n v iu khin CU

n v iu khin CU (Control Unit) iu khin ton b cchot ng ca CPU theo xung nhp ng h;

CU nhn 3 tn hiu u vo: Lnh t IR

Gi tr cc c trng thi Xung ng h

CU sinh 2 nhm tn hiu u ra: Nhm tn hiu iu khin cc b phn bn trong CPU;

Nhm tn hiu iu khin cc b phn bn ngoi CPU

CU s dng nhp ng h ng b cc n v chc nngtrong CPU v gia CPU vi cc b phn bn ngoi.



20/32



Trang 20


2.5 n v s hc & logic ALU

ADD SUB

MUL DIV SHR ROL

ORNOT

AND XOR

SHLNEG

ROR

IN IN

OUT



21/32



Trang 21


2.5 n v s hc & logic ALU

ALU (Arithmetic and Logic Unit) bao gm mt lot cc n vchc nng con thc hin cc php ton s hc v logic: B cng (ADD), b tr (SUB), b nhn (MUL), b chia (DIV),

....

Cc b dch (SHIFT) v quay (ROTATE) B ph nh (NOT), b v (AND), b hoc (OR) v b hoc

loi tr (XOR)

ALU c:

2 cng vo IN: nhn ton hng t cc thanh ghi; v 1 cng ra OUT: kt ni vi bus trong chuyn kt qu n

thanh ghi.



22/32



Trang 22


2.6 Bus trong CPU

Bus trong CPU (Internal bus) l knh giao tip gia cc bphn bn trong CPU (CU RegisterALU);

Bus trong h tr knh giao tip song cng (full duplex)

Bus trong c giao din kt ni vi bus ngoi (bus h

thng); Bus trong thng c bng thng ln hn v c tc nhanh

hn so vi bus ngoi (bus h thng).


23/32



24/32



Trang 24


2.7 S khi mt s CPU AMD K62



25/32



Trang 25


2.7 S khi mt s CPU AMD K62



26/32



Trang 26


2.7 S khi mt s CPU Intel Pen III



27/32



Trang 27


2.7 S khi mt s CPU Intel Pen IV



28/32



Trang 28


2.7 S khi mt s CPU AMD Athlon XP



29/32



Trang 29


2.7 S khi mt s CPU Intel Core 2 Duo



30/32



Trang 30


2.7 Cc khi ca vi kin trc Nehalem dng trongIntel Core i5/i7 (2008)



31/32



Trang 31


2.7 Cc khi ca vi kin trc Sandy Bridge dngtrong Intel Core i5/i7 (2010)


32/32

dauhoang ktmt chuong 2 cpu

Documents