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Barcodes and 2D codesBarcodes and 2D codes

Place - DD/MM/YYYY - Session XXPlace - DD/MM/YYYY - Session XX

Bar Codes FundamentalsBar Codes Fundamentals


Confidential Documentation

Bar Codes Fundamentals

AgendaAgenda

When:When: Day DD/MM/YYYYDay DD/MM/YYYY

Where:Where: PlacePlace

Who:Who: Speaker / Professional qualificationSpeaker / Professional qualification

What:What: Bar Codes FundamentalBar Codes Fundamental

Duration:Duration: HH:MM hoursHH:MM hours

Level:Level: BasicBasic




Module’s ContentsModule’s Contents

Main Bar Code CharacteristicsMain Bar Code Characteristics

Code 2 of 5 InterleavedCode 2 of 5 Interleaved

Code 39Code 39

Code 128Code 128

Code EAN128 and Application Identifiers (AI)Code EAN128 and Application Identifiers (AI)

A Comparison Between Codes 2/5, 39, 128A Comparison Between Codes 2/5, 39, 128

EAN/UPC/JAN FamilyEAN/UPC/JAN Family

Other codesOther codes

SummarySummary




Bar Code Principles Bar Code Principles (1/2)(1/2)

Element or ModuleElement or Module Bar or Space Bar or Space

Bar CountBar Count number of Bars and Spaces number of Bars and Spaces

Start/StopStart/Stop fixed patterns used to detect bar code fixed patterns used to detect bar code

ResolutionResolution X X module size module size width of the narrowest element in mm width of the narrowest element in mm

(mils in USA)(mils in USA)

Aspect RatioAspect Ratio Bar’s height to symbol’s length Bar’s height to symbol’s length

Quiet ZoneQuiet Zone White margins White margins

OverflowOverflow Quiet Zone time duration) Quiet Zone time duration)

Usually the Quiet Zone width must be 10 times X Usually the Quiet Zone width must be 10 times X




Bar Code Principles Bar Code Principles (2/2)(2/2)

Quiet ZoneQuiet Zone

123456

Stop patternStart pattern

Scan Line




Bar Code Types: LevelsBar Code Types: Levels

2 Levels Bar Codes2 Levels Bar Codes (Interleaved 2 of 5, Code 39, Codabar …): (Interleaved 2 of 5, Code 39, Codabar …): Elements can assume only two different widths:Elements can assume only two different widths: 1X 1X

(Narrow), 2X (Wide)(Narrow), 2X (Wide)

N = Printing Ratio = ratio between the wide and the N = Printing Ratio = ratio between the wide and the narrow elementnarrow element

The range of N is from 2 : 1 to 3 : 1The range of N is from 2 : 1 to 3 : 1

4 Levels Bar Codes4 Levels Bar Codes (Code 128, EAN 128, EAN-8, EAN-13, UPC-A, UPC-E, (Code 128, EAN 128, EAN-8, EAN-13, UPC-A, UPC-E, JAN …):JAN …): Elements can assume only four different widths:Elements can assume only four different widths:

1X, 2X, 3X, 4X1X, 2X, 3X, 4X

Printing Ratio N does not applyPrinting Ratio N does not apply




Character1

Character2

Character3

Inter Character gaps

Character1

Character3

Character2

Edge of next

character

Bar Code Types: Continuous/DiscreteBar Code Types: Continuous/Discrete

ContinuousContinuous: all spaces within the symbol : all spaces within the symbol are parts of characters. are parts of characters.

Examples: IL2/5, 128, EAN128, EAN-8, Examples: IL2/5, 128, EAN128, EAN-8, EAN-13, UPC-A, UPC-E …EAN-13, UPC-A, UPC-E …

DiscreteDiscrete: the spaces between the : the spaces between the characters (Inter Characters Gap) are not characters (Inter Characters Gap) are not part of the characters.part of the characters.

Examples: code 39, Codabar …Examples: code 39, Codabar …




Bar Code Types: Self-checkBar Code Types: Self-check

Self-CheckingSelf-Checking: a single printing defect will not cause a character to be : a single printing defect will not cause a character to be transposed into another valid character in the same symbologytransposed into another valid character in the same symbology

Non Self-CheckingNon Self-Checking: without self checking feature: without self checking feature




Bar Code FamiliesBar Code Families

Most used in Transportation & LogisticsMost used in Transportation & Logistics Code Interleaved 2 of 5Code Interleaved 2 of 5 Code 39Code 39 Code 128 and EAN-128Code 128 and EAN-128 Codabar (NW-7 in Japan)Codabar (NW-7 in Japan)

Other common Bar Code families (Retail)Other common Bar Code families (Retail) EAN/UPC family (EAN-8, EAN-13, UPC-A, UPC-E with or without ADD-ON 2 and EAN/UPC family (EAN-8, EAN-13, UPC-A, UPC-E with or without ADD-ON 2 and

ADD-ON 5)ADD-ON 5)

Other older or uncommon Bar Code families:Other older or uncommon Bar Code families: Code 93Code 93 2 of 5 Compressed, Industrial, 5 Bars, 3 Bars Matrix, BCD Matrix, 11 Matrix, 3 2 of 5 Compressed, Industrial, 5 Bars, 3 Bars Matrix, BCD Matrix, 11 Matrix, 3

bars Datalogicbars Datalogic PlesseyPlessey MSIMSI




Code 2 of 5 Interleaved Code 2 of 5 Interleaved (1/5)(1/5)

2 levels bar code2 levels bar code Numeric onlyNumeric only ContinuousContinuous Self-checkingSelf-checking Optional check digit (modulo 10)Optional check digit (modulo 10) Variable length, but always with an even number of digitsVariable length, but always with an even number of digits Use of the check digit with an even number of digits is possible by Use of the check digit with an even number of digits is possible by

adding a leading “0”adding a leading “0” Each digit is represented by 5 elements (all bars Each digit is represented by 5 elements (all bars OR all spaces), 2 of OR all spaces), 2 of

which are wide (2 of 5)which are wide (2 of 5) Odd digits are coded by bars while even digits are coded by spaces Odd digits are coded by bars while even digits are coded by spaces Bars of the odd digits are interlaced (Interleaved) with the spaces of the Bars of the odd digits are interlaced (Interleaved) with the spaces of the

even digitseven digits





9 8 7 69 8 7 6

1 9 0 21 9 0 2





STARTSTART pattern is made up of 2 narrow bars and 2 narrow spaces pattern is made up of 2 narrow bars and 2 narrow spaces

STOPSTOP pattern is made up of one wide bar, one narrow space and one pattern is made up of one wide bar, one narrow space and one narrow barnarrow bar

Left and Right Quiet Zones width must be at least 10 times the module Left and Right Quiet Zones width must be at least 10 times the module size Xsize X

The wide elements are N times the narrow onesThe wide elements are N times the narrow ones

N is the Printing Ratio and can range:N is the Printing Ratio and can range: from 2 : 1 to 3 : 1 for X >= 0.508 mm (20 mils)from 2 : 1 to 3 : 1 for X >= 0.508 mm (20 mils) from 2.2 : 1 to 3 : 1 for X < 0.508 mm (20 mils)from 2.2 : 1 to 3 : 1 for X < 0.508 mm (20 mils)





quite compact, but …quite compact, but …

... not extremely safe... not extremely safe

Start and Stop pattern canStart and Stop pattern caneasily be found inside a code easily be found inside a code

Variable length should be avoided (possible truncations using code Variable length should be avoided (possible truncations using code reconstruction)reconstruction)

Use of check digit only reduces but does not eliminate the risk of Use of check digit only reduces but does not eliminate the risk of misreadingmisreading

AIM IL 2/5 Uniform Symbology Specification says:AIM IL 2/5 Uniform Symbology Specification says:“… There is no guarantee that a partial scan of the symbol will not “… There is no guarantee that a partial scan of the symbol will not produce a valid read for an embedded symbol having fewer characters. produce a valid read for an embedded symbol having fewer characters. It It is strongly recommended that USS I 2/5 should not be used in an is strongly recommended that USS I 2/5 should not be used in an application where the number of characters can vary …application where the number of characters can vary …””





Length of the Start:Length of the Start: 4X 4X Length of a Character: Length of a Character: 3X + 2NX 3X + 2NX Length of the Stop: Length of the Stop: 2X + NX 2X + NX Total Code Length :Total Code Length : 4X + D(3 X+2NX) + 2X + NX = 4X + D(3 X+2NX) + 2X + NX =

X (6 + N) + DX(3 + 2N) = X (6 + N) + DX(3 + 2N) = X [6 + N + D(3 + 2N)] X [6 + N + D(3 + 2N)]

The number of Digits can be easily calculated as follows:The number of Digits can be easily calculated as follows:

D = (Bar Count - 7) / 5D = (Bar Count - 7) / 5oror

D = (Number of Wide Bars – 1)D = (Number of Wide Bars – 1)

(where 7 are the elements of the Start and the Stop patterns(where 7 are the elements of the Start and the Stop patternsand 5 are the elements which represent each single digit)and 5 are the elements which represent each single digit)




Code 2 of 5 IL: ITF Codes Code 2 of 5 IL: ITF Codes (1/3)(1/3)

A particular code Interleaved 2 of 5 is referred to as A particular code Interleaved 2 of 5 is referred to as ITF-14ITF-14 (EAN (EAN specifications)specifications)

It is very common on carton boxes for large distributionIt is very common on carton boxes for large distribution The same code can assume other names:The same code can assume other names:

DUN-14 (Delivered Unit Number)DUN-14 (Delivered Unit Number) TUN-14 (Traded Unit Number)TUN-14 (Traded Unit Number)

ITF-6ITF-6 is similar but with 6 digits instead of 14 is similar but with 6 digits instead of 14





As per EAN specifications, the dimensions in the picture are related to As per EAN specifications, the dimensions in the picture are related to Magnification Factor 1, where X = 1.016 mm (40 mils) and H = 31.8 mmMagnification Factor 1, where X = 1.016 mm (40 mils) and H = 31.8 mm





ITF Magnification Factors and dimensions table (EAN specifications)ITF Magnification Factors and dimensions table (EAN specifications)




Code 2 of 5 IL: IATA Codes Code 2 of 5 IL: IATA Codes (1/3)(1/3)

A particular code Interleaved 2 of 5 is referred to as A particular code Interleaved 2 of 5 is referred to as IATA Code IATA Code and it is and it is used in airport applicationsused in airport applications (IATA Resolution 740)(IATA Resolution 740)

It is a 10 digits 2 of 5 IL code with the following characteristicsIt is a 10 digits 2 of 5 IL code with the following characteristics X = 0.5 mmX = 0.5 mm N = 2 : 1N = 2 : 1 H min = 48 mmH min = 48 mm

2 possible layouts:2 possible layouts: ““T” type labelT” type label ““Linear” or “Single” type labelLinear” or “Single” type label





Code 2 of 5 IL Code 2 of 5 IL IATA “T” TypeIATA “T” Type: the same code is repeated in orthogonal : the same code is repeated in orthogonal positionspositions

MC

O

CM

H

TO

OR

LA

ND

O/F

LA

SA

MP

LE

/ JO

HN

XY

163

PP

IT-A

TO

/ C9

22 A

PR

93

OR

LA

ND

O/F

LA

MC

O X

C 2

418

CM

H X

B 1

018

000

0 X

B 1

234 5

6

XB

AIR

LI N

ES

XC

241

8

VIA

XB

101

8

000 0 X

B 1234 56

000 0 X

B 1234 56

XB

101 8

CM

HV

IA XC

241 8

MC

OT

O O

RL

AN

DO

/FL

A

SA

MP

LE

/ JO

HN

PR

NT

R-9

999

99

XY

163

PP

IT-A

TO

/ C9

22 A

PR

93

00

0 0 X

B 1

234

56

XB

AIR

LI N

ES

XB

AIR

LI N

ES

SA

MP

LE

/ JO

HN

PR

NT

R-9

999

99

XY

163

PP

IT-A

TO

/ C9

22 A

PR

93

00

0 0 X

B 1

234

56

TO

OR

LA

ND

O/F

LA

MC

OX

C 241 8

VIAC

MH

XB

101 8

000 0 X

B 1234 56

000 0 X

B 1234 56

XB

101

8

VIA

XC

241

8 XB

AIR

LI N

ES

000

0 X

B 1

234 5

6

SA

MP

LE

/ JO

HN

XY

163

PP

IT-A

TO

/ C9

22 A

PR

93

OR

LA

ND

O/F

LA

MC

O X

C 2

418

CM

H X

B 1

018

TO

OR

LA

ND

O/F

LA

CM

H

MC

O





CM

H

MC

OT

O

O

RL

AN

DO

/FL

A

XC

24 1

8

XB

10 1

8

VIA

SA

MP

LE

/JO

HN

XY

163

PP

I T-A

TO

/C9

22 A

PR

93

OR

LA

ND

O/F

LA

MC

O X

C 2

4 18

CM

H X

B 1

0 18

XB

AIR

LIN

ES

00 0

0 X

B 1

2345

6

XB

AIR

LIN

ES

SA

MP

LE

/JO

HN

PR

NT

R- 9

99 9

99

XY

163

PP

I T-A

TO

/C9

22 A

PR

93

00

00 X

B 1

2 34

56

XB

AIR

LIN

ES

SA

MP

LE

/J OH

NP

RN

TR

- 99

9 999

XY

163 P

PI T

-AT

O/C

922

AP

R 9

30

000 X

B 1

2 345

6

TO

OR

LA

ND

O/F

LA

MC

OX

C 24 18

VIAC

MH

XB

10 18

00 00 X

B 1 23 45 6

00 00 X

B 1 23 45 6

XB

10 1

8

VIA

XC

24 1

8 XB

AIR

LIN

ES

00 0

0 X

B 1

2345

6

SA

MP

LE

/JO

HN

XY

163

PP

I T-A

TO

/C9

22 A

PR

93

OR

LA

ND

O/F

LA

MC

O X

C 2

4 18

CM

H X

B 1

0 18

TO

OR

LA

ND

O/F

LA

CM

H

MC

O

SA

MP

LE

/JO

HN

PR

NT

R- 9

99 9

99

XY

163

PP

I T-A

TO

/C9

22 A

PR

93

00

00 X

B 1

2 34

56

00 00 X

B 1 23 45 6

00 00 X

B 1 23 45 6

CM

HX

B 10 18

TO

OR

LA

ND

O/F

LA

MC

OX

C 24 18

XB

AIR

LIN

ES

VIA

Code 2 of 5 IL Code 2 of 5 IL IATA “Linear”IATA “Linear” Type: the code is printed only in one direction Type: the code is printed only in one direction




Code 39 Code 39 (1/4)(1/4)

2 levels bar code2 levels bar code Self-checkingSelf-checking Full AlphanumericFull Alphanumeric

(numbers and upper case letters)(numbers and upper case letters)and 7 special characters (- . Space $ / + %)and 7 special characters (- . Space $ / + %)

Discrete (Intercharacter Gap)Discrete (Intercharacter Gap) Optional Check Digit (Modulo 43)Optional Check Digit (Modulo 43) Variable lengthVariable length Each digit is represented by 9 elements (5 bars and 4 intervening spaces), Each digit is represented by 9 elements (5 bars and 4 intervening spaces),

3 of which are wide (3 of 9)3 of which are wide (3 of 9) Each digit is separated from the following by a space called Intercharacter Each digit is separated from the following by a space called Intercharacter

Gap (ICG)Gap (ICG)




Code 39 Code 39 (2/4)(2/4)

* B A R ** B A R *




Code 39 Code 39 (3/4)(3/4)

STARTSTART and and STOPSTOP patterns are both made up of 9 patterns are both made up of 9 elements and elements and represent the asterisk character (often included in the human readable represent the asterisk character (often included in the human readable part)part)

Left and Right Quiet Zones width must be at least 10 times the module size Left and Right Quiet Zones width must be at least 10 times the module size XX

The wide elements are N times the narrow onesThe wide elements are N times the narrow ones N is the Printing Ratio and can range:N is the Printing Ratio and can range:

from 2:1 to 3:1 for X >= 0.508 mm (20 mils)from 2:1 to 3:1 for X >= 0.508 mm (20 mils) from 2.2:1 to 3:1 for X < 0.508 mm (20 mils)from 2.2:1 to 3:1 for X < 0.508 mm (20 mils)

The nominal width of the The nominal width of the Intercharacter GapIntercharacter Gap should be: should be: minimum: Xminimum: X maximum: 5.3X for X < 0.25 mm or 3X or 1.35mm whichever is greater for X >= maximum: 5.3X for X < 0.25 mm or 3X or 1.35mm whichever is greater for X >=

0.25mm0.25mm




Code 39 Code 39 (4/4)(4/4)

Length of the Start: Length of the Start: 6 X + 3 N X + ICG6 X + 3 N X + ICG Length of a Character: Length of a Character: 6 X + 3 N X + ICG6 X + 3 N X + ICG Length of the stop: Length of the stop: 6 X + 3 N X6 X + 3 N X Total Code Length:Total Code Length: 6X+3NX + D(6X+3NX) + 6X + 3NX + (D+1) ICG = 6X+3NX + D(6X+3NX) + 6X + 3NX + (D+1) ICG =

X[12+6N+D(6+3N)] + (D+1) ICGX[12+6N+D(6+3N)] + (D+1) ICG

if ICG = X if ICG = X X[13+6N+7D+3DN]X[13+6N+7D+3DN]

the number of characters can be easily calculated as follows:the number of characters can be easily calculated as follows:

D = (Bar Count - 19) / 10D = (Bar Count - 19) / 10

(where 19 are the elements of the Start and the Stop patterns plus one (where 19 are the elements of the Start and the Stop patterns plus one Intercharacter Gap and 10 are the elements which represent each single digit Intercharacter Gap and 10 are the elements which represent each single digit

plus the Intercharacter Gap)plus the Intercharacter Gap)




Code 39: Full ASCIICode 39: Full ASCII

Code 39 “FULL ASCII” feature:Code 39 “FULL ASCII” feature:it is possible to encode theit is possible to encode theentire ASCII 128 characterentire ASCII 128 characterset by using two-charactersset by using two-characterssequences made up of onesequences made up of oneof the standard code 39of the standard code 39symbols ($ + % /) followedsymbols ($ + % /) followedby one of the 26 lettersby one of the 26 letters




Code 128 Code 128 (1/6)(1/6)

4 levels bar code4 levels bar code

Self-checkingSelf-checking

ContinuousContinuous

Variable lengthVariable length

Alphanumeric (128 ASCII characters)Alphanumeric (128 ASCII characters)

Check Digit is always included (Modulo 103)Check Digit is always included (Modulo 103)

3 alternate character sets A, B and C are available3 alternate character sets A, B and C are available

Each characters set has its own start patternEach characters set has its own start pattern

It is possible to switch from one set to another inside a code by the use of It is possible to switch from one set to another inside a code by the use of the shift characterthe shift character

The stop pattern is always the sameThe stop pattern is always the same




Code 128 Code 128 (2/6)(2/6)

STARTSTART Set ASet A

STOPSTOPSTARTSTART Set BSet B

STARTSTART Set CSet C STOPSTOP

STOPSTOP




Code 128 Code 128 (3/6)(3/6)

The The StartStart pattern, each pattern, each CharacterCharacter and the and the Check DigitCheck Digit are represented by 6 are represented by 6 elements with a width of 11 moduleselements with a width of 11 modules

The The StopStop pattern is represented by 7 elements with a width of 13 modules pattern is represented by 7 elements with a width of 13 modules

A very important parameter is the Bar Count (BC).A very important parameter is the Bar Count (BC).From the value of the Bar Count it is possible to calculate the real number From the value of the Bar Count it is possible to calculate the real number of characters inside the code as follows:of characters inside the code as follows:

D = (BC - 19) / 6D = (BC - 19) / 6




Code 128 Code 128 (4/6)(4/6)

STARTSTARTCHARCHARCHECKCHECK

STOPSTOP

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13




Code 128 Code 128 (5/6)(5/6)




Code 128 Code 128 (6/6)(6/6)

Length of the Start (A,B,C): Length of the Start (A,B,C): 11 X11 X

Length of a Character: Length of a Character: 11 X11 X

Length of the Check Digit:Length of the Check Digit: 11 X11 X

Length of the Stop: Length of the Stop: 13 X13 X

Total Code Length:Total Code Length: L = X (35 + 11 D)L = X (35 + 11 D)

From the total bar code length L (quite zones not included) the Module From the total bar code length L (quite zones not included) the Module Size (X) can be easily calculated as follows:Size (X) can be easily calculated as follows:

X = L / (35 + 11 D)X = L / (35 + 11 D)




EAN 128EAN 128

Same as Code 128, but with FNC1 as first characterSame as Code 128, but with FNC1 as first character Can use AI (Application Identifiers)Can use AI (Application Identifiers)




EAN 128: Application Identifiers EAN 128: Application Identifiers (1/5)(1/5)

Application Identifier (AI) specifies Application Identifier (AI) specifies particular meanings toparticular meanings tobe assigned to the code contentbe assigned to the code content

AI are coded as the 2-4 first digits into AI are coded as the 2-4 first digits into the code and there is no separators the code and there is no separators between the AI andbetween the AI andthe field contentthe field content

LegendaLegendaNN Numeric only Numeric onlyAN AlphanumericAN AlphanumericFF Fixed Length Fixed LengthVV Variable Length Variable Length





Some of the most used Application Identifiers (AI) are:Some of the most used Application Identifiers (AI) are:

SSCC-18SSCC-18SSCC-14SSCC-14

Codes EAN128 with Application Identifier 00 (SSCC) are also known as Codes EAN128 with Application Identifier 00 (SSCC) are also known as 128 Case Codes128 Case Codes





It is possible to concatenate two or more AI fields in the same bar code:It is possible to concatenate two or more AI fields in the same bar code:

Some rules for concatenation:Some rules for concatenation: Each field must be separated from the previous by a FNC1 characterEach field must be separated from the previous by a FNC1 character

In the output message the FNC1 character will be converted to a GS (Group In the output message the FNC1 character will be converted to a GS (Group

Separator) ASCII character (29 decimal)Separator) ASCII character (29 decimal)

It is possible to avoid the FNC1 characterIt is possible to avoid the FNC1 character separator if the previous field is a separator if the previous field is a

fixed length one or, if variable, the maximum number of characters were usedfixed length one or, if variable, the maximum number of characters were used





+

+ =





EAN 128 Application Identifiers EAN 128 Application Identifiers warningswarnings::

Please remember that the scanners make no check about the correct use Please remember that the scanners make no check about the correct use

of Application Identifiers or their concatenationof Application Identifiers or their concatenation

An evaluation of the quality of the code made only by naked eyes can An evaluation of the quality of the code made only by naked eyes can

reserve a lot of (bad) surprises!reserve a lot of (bad) surprises!

A parcel sent to the “No Read” exit not necessarily means that the code A parcel sent to the “No Read” exit not necessarily means that the code

was not read by the scannerswas not read by the scanners




IL 2 of 5/Code 39/Code 128 IL 2 of 5/Code 39/Code 128 (1/2)(1/2)




IL 2 of 5/Code 39/Code 128 IL 2 of 5/Code 39/Code 128 (2/2)(2/2)

Some considerations:Some considerations:

With the same number of digits and the same module size, Code 128 Set C With the same number of digits and the same module size, Code 128 Set C is more compact than Interleaved 2 of 5is more compact than Interleaved 2 of 5

Code 39 is the widestCode 39 is the widest Code 128 already includes a check digitCode 128 already includes a check digit Code 128 is a 4 level bar code, thus requires more printing accuracy with Code 128 is a 4 level bar code, thus requires more printing accuracy with

respect to I 2/5 and 39respect to I 2/5 and 39 With variable length, Code 128 is more error proof than Interleaved 2 of 5 With variable length, Code 128 is more error proof than Interleaved 2 of 5

(truncations)(truncations)




EAN/UPC FamilyEAN/UPC Family

UPCUPC (Universal Product Code):(Universal Product Code): UPC is a fixed length numeric symbology normally used in retail applications to UPC is a fixed length numeric symbology normally used in retail applications to

identify type of product, manufacturers code and the and specific productidentify type of product, manufacturers code and the and specific product UPC numbers are assigned to specific products and manufacturers by the UPC numbers are assigned to specific products and manufacturers by the

Uniform Code Council (UCC)Uniform Code Council (UCC)

EAN (European Article Number)EAN (European Article Number) EAN is a European version of UPC family. It uses the same size requirements EAN is a European version of UPC family. It uses the same size requirements

and a similar encoding scheme as for UPC codesand a similar encoding scheme as for UPC codes EAN bar code numbers are assigned to specific products and manufacturers by EAN bar code numbers are assigned to specific products and manufacturers by

an organization called ICOF in Belgiuman organization called ICOF in Belgium

JAN (Japanese Article Number)JAN (Japanese Article Number) JAN is a Japanese version of EAN familyJAN is a Japanese version of EAN family




EAN-13 EAN-13 (1/8)(1/8)

4 levels bar code4 levels bar code Numeric onlyNumeric only ContinuousContinuous Self-checkingSelf-checking Check Digit is always includedCheck Digit is always included Fixed length : 13 (12+1) digitsFixed length : 13 (12+1) digits Each of the 12 digits is represented by 4 elements for a total length of 7 Each of the 12 digits is represented by 4 elements for a total length of 7

modulesmodules

An EAN-13 code can be printed with different Magnification Factors (MF)An EAN-13 code can be printed with different Magnification Factors (MF) JAN (Japan Article Number) codes are similar to the EAN-13 codes, but JAN (Japan Article Number) codes are similar to the EAN-13 codes, but

starting with 45 or 49starting with 45 or 49




EAN-13 EAN-13 (2/8)(2/8)




EAN-13 EAN-13 (3/8)(3/8)

There are 2 There are 2 GuardGuard patterns on the left and on the right of 3 elements (3 patterns on the left and on the right of 3 elements (3 modules Bar-Space-Bar)modules Bar-Space-Bar)

There is a There is a CenterCenter pattern of 5 elements (5 modules Space-Bar-Space-Bar- pattern of 5 elements (5 modules Space-Bar-Space-Bar-Space)Space)

Left Quiet Zone is 11 modules wideLeft Quiet Zone is 11 modules wide Right Quiet Zone is 7 modules wideRight Quiet Zone is 7 modules wide

Bar Count is fixed to 59 (BC = 3+5+3+4*12=59)Bar Count is fixed to 59 (BC = 3+5+3+4*12=59) The length of the code is: L = X*95 (without Quiet Zones)The length of the code is: L = X*95 (without Quiet Zones)




EAN-13 EAN-13 (4/8)(4/8)

An EAN-13 code can be printed with different Magnification Factor (MF)An EAN-13 code can be printed with different Magnification Factor (MF)

All Dimensions are defined by EAN for the MF = 1All Dimensions are defined by EAN for the MF = 1

Module size for MF = 1 is X = 0.33 mmModule size for MF = 1 is X = 0.33 mm

When printing the code with MF different from 1, ALL the dimensions When printing the code with MF different from 1, ALL the dimensions must be proportional to the MF used.must be proportional to the MF used.

Examples:Examples: if MF = 1 if MF = 1

module size X = 0.33 mm, bars height = 22.85 mmmodule size X = 0.33 mm, bars height = 22.85 mm if MF = 0.8if MF = 0.8

module size X = 0.26 mm, bars height = 18.28 mmmodule size X = 0.26 mm, bars height = 18.28 mm if MF = 1.5if MF = 1.5

module size X = 0.50 mm, bars height = 34.28 mmmodule size X = 0.50 mm, bars height = 34.28 mm




EAN-13 EAN-13 (5/8)(5/8)

Dimensions (mm) are referred to Magnification Factor 1 (X = 0.33 mm)Dimensions (mm) are referred to Magnification Factor 1 (X = 0.33 mm)




EAN-13 EAN-13 (6/8)(6/8)

MF can only range between 0.8 and 2MF can only range between 0.8 and 2

An alternative way to define the code dimensions is by the SC factor, as An alternative way to define the code dimensions is by the SC factor, as per the following cross reference tableper the following cross reference table

SC FactorSC Factor Magnification FactorMagnification Factor00 0.80.811 0.90.922 1.01.033 1.11.144 1.21.255 1.41.466 1.51.577 1.71.788 1.851.8599 2.02.0




EAN-13 EAN-13 (7/8)(7/8)

EAN-13 code structure:EAN-13 code structure: The first 6 digits on the left are coded with a variable sequence of Set A (Odd The first 6 digits on the left are coded with a variable sequence of Set A (Odd

parity) or Set B (Even parity) depending on the 13th digit of dataparity) or Set B (Even parity) depending on the 13th digit of data The second 6 digits on the right are all coded with Set C (even parity). Odd or The second 6 digits on the right are all coded with Set C (even parity). Odd or

Even parity of a set is given by the number of 1s in each digitEven parity of a set is given by the number of 1s in each digit The 13th digit defines the sequence of set A or set B used to code the 6 digits The 13th digit defines the sequence of set A or set B used to code the 6 digits

on the lefton the left The first 2 or 3 digits represent the code country in which the EAN13 code was The first 2 or 3 digits represent the code country in which the EAN13 code was

requested or other particular use of the code (like ISSN or ISBN)requested or other particular use of the code (like ISSN or ISBN)




EAN-13 EAN-13 (8/8)(8/8)




EAN-13 SupplementalEAN-13 Supplemental

EAN-13 has been adopted as the standard in the publishing industry for EAN-13 has been adopted as the standard in the publishing industry for encoding ISBN numbers on books and ISSN numbers on periodicalsencoding ISBN numbers on books and ISSN numbers on periodicals

ISSNISSN (International Standard Serial Number) (International Standard Serial Number) Serial Publication and PeriodicalsSerial Publication and Periodicals Starts with 977Starts with 977

ISBNISBN (International Standard Book Number) (International Standard Book Number) Books (Bookland)Books (Bookland) Starts with 978 or 979Starts with 978 or 979




EAN-8 EAN-8 (1/4)(1/4)


Numeric onlyNumeric only



Fixed length : 8 digits Fixed length : 8 digits

Check Digit is always includedCheck Digit is always included

Each of the 8 digits is represented by 4 elements for a total length of 7 Each of the 8 digits is represented by 4 elements for a total length of 7 modulesmodules

The left hand 4 digits are coded in set A (odd parity), while the right hand 4 The left hand 4 digits are coded in set A (odd parity), while the right hand 4 digits are coded in set C (even parity)digits are coded in set C (even parity)

Dimensioning considerations are the same of EAN-13 codeDimensioning considerations are the same of EAN-13 code




EAN-8 EAN-8 (2/4)(2/4)




EAN-8 EAN-8 (3/4)(3/4)


There is There is CenterCenter pattern of 5 elements (5 modules Space-Bar-Space-Bar- pattern of 5 elements (5 modules Space-Bar-Space-Bar-Space)Space)

Left Quiet Zone is 7 modules wideLeft Quiet Zone is 7 modules wide

Right Quiet Zone is 7 modules wideRight Quiet Zone is 7 modules wide

Bar Count is fixed to 43 (BC=3+5+3+4*8=43)Bar Count is fixed to 43 (BC=3+5+3+4*8=43)

The length of the code is L=X*67 (without Quiet Zones)The length of the code is L=X*67 (without Quiet Zones)




EAN-8 EAN-8 (4/4)(4/4)





UPC-A UPC-A (1/4)(1/4)


Numeric onlyNumeric only



Check Digit is always includedCheck Digit is always included

Fixed length: 12 digitsFixed length: 12 digits

Each of the 12 digits is represented by 4 elements for a total length of 7 Each of the 12 digits is represented by 4 elements for a total length of 7 modulesmodules

The left hand 6 digits are coded in Set A (Odd parity), while the right hand The left hand 6 digits are coded in Set A (Odd parity), while the right hand 6 digits are coded in Set C (Even parity) 6 digits are coded in Set C (Even parity)

Compatibility between EAN-13 and UPC-A is achieved because the EAN Compatibility between EAN-13 and UPC-A is achieved because the EAN table for the left hand variable parity pattern is all A for the 13th digit table for the left hand variable parity pattern is all A for the 13th digit equal to 0 (the implicit leading 0 of UPC-A)equal to 0 (the implicit leading 0 of UPC-A)




UPC-A UPC-A (2/4)(2/4)




UPC-A UPC-A (3/4)(3/4)


There is a There is a CenterCenter pattern of 5 elements (5 modules Space-Bar-Space-Bar- pattern of 5 elements (5 modules Space-Bar-Space-Bar-Space)Space)



Bar Count is fixed to 59 (BC = 3+5+3+4*12=59)Bar Count is fixed to 59 (BC = 3+5+3+4*12=59)

The length of the code is L = X*95 (without Quiet Zones)The length of the code is L = X*95 (without Quiet Zones)




UPC-A UPC-A (4/4)(4/4)





UPC-E UPC-E (1/4)(1/4)

4 levels bar code4 levels bar code Numeric onlyNumeric only ContinuousContinuous Self-checkingSelf-checking Check Digit is always includedCheck Digit is always included Fixed length: 6 + 2 digitsFixed length: 6 + 2 digits Each of the 6 digits is represented by 4 elements for a total length of 7 Each of the 6 digits is represented by 4 elements for a total length of 7

modulesmodules The 6 digits are coded with a variable sequence of Set A (Odd parity) or The 6 digits are coded with a variable sequence of Set A (Odd parity) or

Set B (even parity) that depends on the 8th digitSet B (even parity) that depends on the 8th digit The permutation table of set A and set B encoding is different from the The permutation table of set A and set B encoding is different from the

one of EAN-13one of EAN-13 The first digit on the left is always 0The first digit on the left is always 0




UPC-E UPC-E (2/4)(2/4)




UPC-E UPC-E (3/4)(3/4)

There is a There is a GuardGuard pattern on the left of 3 elements (3 modules Bar-Space- pattern on the left of 3 elements (3 modules Bar-Space-Bar)Bar)

There is a right There is a right StopStop pattern of 6 elements (6 modules Space-Bar-Space- pattern of 6 elements (6 modules Space-Bar-Space-Bar-Space-Bar)Bar-Space-Bar)



Bar Count is fixed to 33 (BC = 3+6+4*6=33)Bar Count is fixed to 33 (BC = 3+6+4*6=33)





UPC-E UPC-E (4/4)(4/4)





ADD-ON 2 And ADD-ON 5ADD-ON 2 And ADD-ON 5

ADD-ON 2 and ADD-ON 5 are additional codes placed on the right of EAN-ADD-ON 2 and ADD-ON 5 are additional codes placed on the right of EAN-13 or UPC-A to add user’s information.13 or UPC-A to add user’s information.

Typically, they are used in magazines or periodicals to code the number Typically, they are used in magazines or periodicals to code the number of the item (day, week or month)of the item (day, week or month)

Each of the 2 or 5 digits is represented by 4 elements with a length of 7 Each of the 2 or 5 digits is represented by 4 elements with a length of 7 modulesmodules

Use of Set A or Set B encoding (variable parity) follows a complex rule Use of Set A or Set B encoding (variable parity) follows a complex rule (algorithm to calculate a number + use of a table of the possible (algorithm to calculate a number + use of a table of the possible combinations). This is an implicit way to implement a check digit.combinations). This is an implicit way to implement a check digit.




ADD-ON 2 ADD-ON 2 (1/2)(1/2)

There is a start pattern (3 elements Bar-Space-Bar of 1-1-2 modules)There is a start pattern (3 elements Bar-Space-Bar of 1-1-2 modules)

There is a delineator (2 elements space-bar of 1-1 modules) between the There is a delineator (2 elements space-bar of 1-1 modules) between the digitsdigits

There is no stop guard patternThere is no stop guard pattern



Bar Count is fixed to 13 (BC = 2+3+4*2=13)Bar Count is fixed to 13 (BC = 2+3+4*2=13)





ADD-ON 2 ADD-ON 2 (2/2)(2/2)





ADD-ON 5 ADD-ON 5 (1/2)(1/2)

There is a Start pattern (3 elements bar-space-bar of 1-1-2 modules)There is a Start pattern (3 elements bar-space-bar of 1-1-2 modules)

There is a delineator (2 elements space-bar of There is a delineator (2 elements space-bar of 1-1 modules) between 1-1 modules) between the digitsthe digits

There is no stop guard patternThere is no stop guard pattern



Bar Count is fixed to 31 (BC = 3+2*4+4*5=31)Bar Count is fixed to 31 (BC = 3+2*4+4*5=31)





ADD-ON 5 ADD-ON 5 (2/2)(2/2)





Other Codes: CodabarOther Codes: Codabar


Self-checking bar codeSelf-checking bar code

Discrete (Inter Character Gap)Discrete (Inter Character Gap)

Numeric (0-9)Numeric (0-9)

6 special characters: - $ : / . +6 special characters: - $ : / . +

4 letters: A, B, C, D as Start or Stop pattern4 letters: A, B, C, D as Start or Stop pattern

Optional Check DigitOptional Check Digit


Each character is encoded as 7 elements, 2 or 3 of which are wideEach character is encoded as 7 elements, 2 or 3 of which are wide

For this reason this code is also known, mainly in Japan, as For this reason this code is also known, mainly in Japan, as NW-7NW-7 (i.e. (i.e. Narrow Wide 7 elements)Narrow Wide 7 elements)




Other Codes: Code 93Other Codes: Code 93





Alphanumeric (128 ASCII characters)Alphanumeric (128 ASCII characters)

2 check digits (C and K) are always included (modulo 47)2 check digits (C and K) are always included (modulo 47)

Each character is coded as 6 elements (3 bars and 3 spaces) for a total Each character is coded as 6 elements (3 bars and 3 spaces) for a total width of 9 modules (10 only for the stop pattern)width of 9 modules (10 only for the stop pattern)

Data character bars can be 1, 2 or 3 times the module sizeData character bars can be 1, 2 or 3 times the module size

4 modules wide bars can only be found in the start and stop pattern4 modules wide bars can only be found in the start and stop pattern

Like Code 39 Full ASCII, extended ASCII characters can be coded as pairs Like Code 39 Full ASCII, extended ASCII characters can be coded as pairs with special characterswith special characters




SummarySummary

Before thinking there is something wrong in the scanner because a lot of Before thinking there is something wrong in the scanner because a lot of parcels are sent to the No Read exit:parcels are sent to the No Read exit: Know very well the codes you have to readKnow very well the codes you have to read Check carefully their printing quality with a code verifier (NEVER judge the Check carefully their printing quality with a code verifier (NEVER judge the

quality by eyes!)quality by eyes!) Check the position of the code on the parcelCheck the position of the code on the parcel Check the scanner’s configurationCheck the scanner’s configuration Check the PackTrackCheck the PackTrack calibration calibration Check the ACRCheck the ACR or the ACB or the ACB configuration configuration Check if the communication with the host is correctCheck if the communication with the host is correct

Only after this you can start to be worried !!! ……Only after this you can start to be worried !!! ……(but usually you find the problem and its solution before!)(but usually you find the problem and its solution before!)

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