Database Development Cycle

Track 3: Managing Information Using Database

Objectives– Database planning

– System Definition

– Requirements collection and analysis

– Database design

– DBMS selection

– Application design

– Prototyping

– Implementation

– Data Conversion and loading

– Testing

– Operational Maintenance

Database Planning

Systems Definition

Requirements Collectionand analysis

Database DesignDBMSSelection

ApplicationDesign

Implementation

Data Conversion and loading

Testing

Evaluation & Maintenance

Prototyping

Life Cycle

Source: http://www.cs/ucf.edu/courses/cgs2545/CH02/index.htm

Database PlanningCurrent systems evaluation

Development of Standards

Technological feasability

Operational feasability

Economical feasability

Requirements Collection and Analysis• identifying management information

requirements, • determining information requirements by

functional area,• and establishing hardware and software

requirements

Systems definitionData dictionary Metadata

Database Design

Conceptual design

Logical design

Physical design

DBMS Selection* Costs

* Features and Tools

* Underlying model

* Portability

* DBMS hardware requirements

Application design

• Application program design

• User Interface design

Prototyping

Develop theworking model

Build the prototype

Use and Testthe prototype

Review theprototype

Decision

Abandonapplication

ImplementApplication

RedevelopApplication

Begin newprototype

Implementation

• The physical realisation of the database and application designs

• the detailed model is converted to the appropriate implementation model, the data dictionary is built, the database is populated, application programs are developed and users are trained

Data Conversion and Loading & Testing

• Transferring any existing data into the new database and converting any existing applications to run on the new database

• Finding errors

Database Evaluation

• Interviewing and polling users to determine whether any data needs are unmet.

Operational maintenance• preventive maintenance (backup)

• corrective maintenance (recovery)1

• adaptive maintenance

• assignment of access

• regular monitoring & periodical check up

Data & Database administration

• Data administration is the management of the data resources

• Database administration is the management of physical realisation of the database application

Database design methodology

• A structured approach that uses procedures, techniques, tools, and documentation aids to support and facilitate the process of design.

* Conceptual database design

* Logical database design

* Physical database design

Entity, Attribute, Relationship

Client

NameAddressPostcode

Passport

Passport NoExp.Data

Itinerary

DateCityContact

EntityAttribute

Relationship

Conceptual Design Phase

DATA

TOP-DOWN

BOTTOM-UP

Identify Entities

Identify Relationships

Identify Attributes

Identify Relationships

Identify Dependencies

Collect Data

Basic relationships

•One-to-One

•One-to-many

•Many to many

HUSBAND WIFEis married to

is married to

TRACK PARTICIPANTSbelongs to

has

Trackis helds in

holds

Trainer

Logical design phase

1. REFINE THE CONCEPTUAL MODEL

ConceptualE.A.R Model

Refined Conceptual Model

2.APPLY THE RULES OF NORMALIZATION

LogicalData

Model

Refining the Conceptual model

• Refine the attributes

– example:

• Synonyms

• Hononyms

Physical Database DesignLogical Data Model Logical Process Model

TR

Track 01 Country

Database creationCREATE DATABASECREATE TABLELOAD

PhysicalImplementationProcess

Critical Success Factors in Database Design

• Work interactively with the users as much as possible.

• Follow a structured methodology throughout the data modelling process.

• Incorporate structural and integrity considerations into the data models.

• Combine conceptualisation, normalisation, and transaction validation techniques into the data modelling methodology.

Exercise (Conceptual design)

List 1

List 2

Track No: 1 Track name: Managing information using Database

Participantcode

Participantname

Age Position Country Address

Country code Country name Participant code Participant name Track name

Create a conceptual E.A.R model of the database for the following lists. (List up the necessaryDATA ITEMS, set up ENTITIES and their ATTRIBUTES, and identify the relationship among the entities )

List 1 is the list of participants’ information by track

List 2 is the list of participants’ information by countries

Answer

ParticipantParticipant nameParticipant codeAgeAddressPosition

TrackTrack numberTrack name

CountryCountry codeCountry name

EntityAttribute

RelationshipZero one or many

Just one

One or many

Justone

Exercise: Primary and Foreign Key

Participantcode

Participantname

Age Position Address Country code

Country nameCountry code Track nameTrack code Participant code

Please identify primary and foreign key.

Primary key

Foreign key

Answer

Participantcode

Participantname

Age Position Address Country code

Country nameCountry code Track nameTrack code Participant code