data visualization in health
TRANSCRIPT
Data Visualization
Workshop on Global Burden of Disease Big Data and Scientific Computation FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, August 25-27, 2015
Ramon MartinezTechnical Adviser in Health Metrics
[email protected] @HlthAnalysis
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Contents• Data Visualization• Data Visualization Tools• Data Analytics and Visualization Platforms
o IHME Visualization Platform
o PAHO Visualization Platform
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Why data visualization?• There is an amazing connection between
human visual sensors and the brain
• Humans have an extraordinary visual capacity to detect patterns
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Visual perception• How many nines (9) are in this matrix?
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Visual perception• How many nines (9) are in this matrix?
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Visual perception• Can you see any pattern in this table?
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Visual perception• Can you see any pattern in this graph?
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Statistics and Graphs
• Four distinct datasets
• Each with statistics properties that are essentially identicalMean of x = 9.0Mean of y = 7.5Variance of x = 11Variance of y = 4.13
Nearly identical correlation and regression line
Ascombe’s Quartet
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Statistics and Graphs
• Four distinct datasets• Each with statistics
properties that are essentially identical
• But when plotted, they suddenly appear very different
• Ascombe suggested the combined use of graphs and statistics methods in data analysis
Ascombe’s Quartet
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Why data visualization?• People make better decisions when they’re based
on understanding. • For information to be understood, it must often
be presented in visual form because patterns, trends, and outliers require a picture for the human brain to see and comprehend.
• Data visualization is essential for:o Data exploration and understandingo communicating datao making better decisions
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What is data visualization?• Data visualization is the graphical display of
abstract information for sense-making or data analysis, and communication in a way that leads to understanding for action.
• Its goal is to visualize data in a way that leads to understanding. [Stephen Few, 2014]
• Data visualization is a fundamental product from the Visual analytics process
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What is visual analytics?• Visual analytics is the science of analytical
reasoning supported by interactive visual interfaces.
• Visual Analytics methods allow people to combine: human flexibility, creativity,
and background knowledgetoday’s IT capacities for data storage, processing, and visualiziattion+
to gain insight and make well-informed decisions in complex problems=
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The analytic process1. The research question – public health situation 2. Define the analytic framework3. Identification of data sources4. Create the analytic plan - methods5. Conduct analysis & interpretation of results 6. Communicate results and findings - storytelling7. Propose interventions – actions for improving
health
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The Cycle of Visual AnalyticWhen people are exploring and analyzing data, they enter into an iterative and non-linear cycle of
1. data acquisition, 2. selection of visual
structures 3. instantiate data views
(graphs, visual forms)4. analysis and synthesis,
hypothesis building 5. sharing and re-
examination
where at any point they may need to skip steps, back-up, seek additional data, or even start over.
Diagram adapted from the cycle of visual analytic diagram. Pat Hanrahan, Chris Stolte and Jock MacKinlay. Visual Analysis for Everyone. Whitepaper. Tableau Software, Inc., 2007 http://www.tableau.com/sites/default/files/whitepapers/visual-analysis-for-everyone.pdf
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From Data To Visualization
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Data visualization tools• There is a constellation of tools for visualizing
datao DATAVISUALIZATION.CH selected tools: http://selection.datavisualization.ch/o Andy Kirk’s visualization resources:
http://www.visualisingdata.com/resources/
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Data visualization tools• Libraries
o Libraries for adding charts and visualization capabilities to applicationso Required programming or coding. Suitable for software developerso Use Programming Language directives to connect to data sources
• Web-based toolso Visualization tools on the webo Easy to use, no programing requiredo Datasets should be upload. Suitable for small-medium datasets
• Data Analytics and Visualization Platformo is an enterprise-class (complete) solution that provides the tools and methods
for: 1. connect to most of the DBMS standards (SQL, Web services, local files, etc.)2. to data exploration and visual analytics, 3. creation and design of data visualizations and dashboards, and4. capability for team collaboration and content sharing, and dissemination
o None or minimum programming requiredo Self-service approach, empower business users.
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Visual Analytics & Visualization Platform: high level system architecture
Source systems / Data sources
Data preparationand integration
Data storage & managements
Data discovery & visual analytics
Web-based apps / services for data dissemination
Data cleansing, transformation, processing, preparationand integration processes (workflows & scheduling)
DBMS: Data repository with data (internal and external) ready for analysis and visualizations
Visual discovery and analytic tools and methods. Data computation. Data visualization sharing and collaboration
Mortality Health Survey
Diagram adapted from BI/DW technical system architecture
Hospital records PH surveillance Population
GBD Visualizations
Open Data Portal
Research Collaboration site
MoH Web site
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Technology Components• Three integral technology components to
achieve analytic and visualization
o Agile data warehouse solutiono Data preparation and integration softwareo Visualization and advanced visual analytics
solutiono Content Management System
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IHME GBD Visualization Platform• IHME implemented in-house custom-software development
to create Data Visualizations• Development team + collaboration w/ researchers and data
analystso 1 Product Owner, Data Visualization o 1 Data Visualization Scientist o 3 JavaScript Developers
• Development tools:o JavaScript - programming languageo jQuery - development framework for JavaScript web-based applications o D3.js - graphics libraryo HTML & CSS - hypertext markup language and style sheet for development and
design of web pages
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IHME GBD Visualization Platform
http://www.healthdata.org/results/data-visualizations
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PAHO Visualization Platform• PAHO selected off-the-shelf commercial solutions for
analytics and data visualizations• Data analysts and health professionals from technical areas
are empower to do self-service analysis and produce data visualizations
• Visual Analytics and Visualization Platform:o MS SQL Server - database/data warehouseo Alteryx - data integration and advance analytics software o Tableau - visual analytics and visualization softwareo Joomla - content management system (CMS) / PAHO Web siteo MS SharePoint - content management system for Intranet and collaboration sites
