data and information some definitions etc… mr1510 - lecture 1
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Data and InformationData and Information
Some Definitions etc…
MR1510 - Lecture 1
A collection of facts from which conclusions may be drawn; "statistical data"
www.cogsci.princeton.edu/cgi-bin/webwn
Facts represented in a readable language (such as numbers, characters, images, or other methods of recording) on a durable medium. Data on its own carries no meaning. Empirical data are facts originating in or based on observations or experiences. A database is a store of data concerning a particular domain. Data in a database may be less structured or have weaker semantics (built-in meaning) than knowledge in a knowledge base. Compare data with information and knowledge.
www.ichnet.org/glossary.htm
Data can be defined in many ways. Information science defines data as unprocessed information. Data is converted into information, and information is converted into knowledge.
www.cetis.ac.uk/members/enterprise/glossary/
A term that describes the BITS, BYTES, etc, that a computer stores and manipulates. Data processed in a useful way becomes information.
www.davcomuk.co.uk/files/tech/glossary.htm
Some Definitions
Factual information used as a basis for reasoning, discussion, or calculation.
nces.ed.gov/NCESkids/Glossary.asp
"A formalized representation of facts or concepts suitable for communication, interpretation, or processing by people or automated means." The term "data" is often used to refer to the information stored in the computer. www.usdoj.gov/criminal/cybercrime/search_docs/app_b.htm
(Computer application) Alpha and numeric characters which are processed by a computer.
www.nyu.edu/library/bobst/research/tsd/glossary.htm
A re-interpretable representation of information in a formalized manner suitable for communication, interpretation, or processing. Operations can be performed upon data by humans or by automatic means. Any representations such as characters or analog quantities to which meaning is or might be assigned. A representation of facts or instructions in a form suitable for communication, interpretation, or processing by human or automatic means. Data includes constants, variables, arrays, and character strings.
www.gcal.ac.uk/cit/helpdesk/useful_definitions.htm
A formal representation of raw material from which information is constructed via processing or interpretation. www01.sbc.com/DSL_new/content/0,,45,00.html
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In the context of remote sensing, a computer file containing numbers which represent a remotely sensed image, and can be processed to display that image. 2. a collection of numbers, strings, or facts that require some processing before they are meaningful.
support.erdas.com/Glossary.htm
Refers to information in numerical form that can be digitally transmitted or processed. www.onemarq.net/ircqnetfriends/misc/definitions.html
Information stored on the computer system, used by applications to accomplish tasks.
www.krollontrack.com/LawLibrary/GlossaryOfTerms/
Factual information used as a basis for reasoning, discussion, or calculation; a collection of numerical facts. www.literacyonline.org/explorer/stats_glossary.html
A gathering of facts, concepts or instructions in a formalized manner, made suitable for communication, interpretation or processing.
www.cbdd.wsu.edu/telework/terms.html
Data is an un-processed collection or representation of raw facts, concepts, or instructions in a manner suitable for communication, interpretation, or processing by humans or by automatic means healthnet.hnet.bc.ca/tools/glossary/
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• Text/Characters(strings) (a,b,c, A,B,C, *,& ^)
• Numbers (1,2,3,4…….128, 255)
• Alphanumeric (AB255L1, LxYg1234S)
•Numerical Data
• 1,2,3,4,5,
• 20, 30, 45
• 0-255 scale (8-bit (256) data – e.g. remote sensing)
Data
Meaning??
Meaning
Information
Context (e.g. spatial co-ordinate)
X
Yvisualise
Classify
Table of Numbers Each number assigned a colour (code)
MapRaw Data
Top Left Hand Corner of a Remotely Sensed Image
DataMeaning?
Visualize Data as an Image (False Colour Image)
Meaning?Colours
Legend
Red = VegetationDark Blue/Black =Deep WaterLight Blue = Shallow Water/Soil/Bare Ground
100 = sand, 120 = water, 256 = vegetation
Data Information
Yellow Blue Green
A Geographical Information System (GIS) ‘Theme’ or Layer
Classification
Data into Information Pathway
DATA INFORMATION
COLLECTION
INPUT
STORAGE
PROCESSING
ANALYSIS
INTERPRETATIONVISUALISATION
Numbers Image/Map
Coastal and Marine EnvironmentsCoastal and Marine Environments
Next Week: Databases