dasar ilmu tanah perkembangan horison tanah

8/20/2019 Dasar Ilmu Tanah Perkembangan Horison Tanah

1/21

PERKEMBANGAN

HORISON TANAH


2/21

PERKEMBANGAN HORISON TANAH

•

A-Horizon development – Accumulation of organic matter – Clumping of individual soil particles

– Distinct from parent material and other layers

•

B and C horizon development – Carbonic and organic acids are carried by water into

soil where dissolve various minerals (transformations)

– oluble materials (ions !Ca"#$ C%&"-$ %'"-$ etc) arecarried by water and precipitate in the soil from upper

to lower horizons (translocation) – eathering of primary minerals into secondary

minerals

– etting and drying cracs soils and maes structures*

D+,D,H DA.+/ myspace*aamu*edu0users0monday***0soils01edogenic2"31rocesses*ppt …..


3/21

D+,D,H DA.+/ myspace*aamu*edu0users0monday***0soils01edogenic2"31rocesses*ppt …..

PERKEMBANGAN HORISON TANAH


4/21

PROSES – PROSES GENESIS TANAH

D+,D,H DA.+/ ……. 17/2/2013

Adsorptio ! Adsorpsi " P#$#r%p%&

Pros#s ii t#r$%di '%l%( )%*%")%*% t%ri' %t%r% p#r+('%%p%d%t%"t%%, -%dsor#t d% 'o+po# l%r(t%"t%%,

-%dsor%t l#i, #s%r di%di)'% )%*%")%*% t%ri'%t%r% 'o+po# t#rl%r(t d% l%r(t% t%%, -sol#t

s#rt% )%*% tol%' %t%r% p#r+('%% t%%, d% sp#si#s *%)di$#r%p.


5/21


D+,D,H DA.+/ ……. 17/2/2013

A))r#)%tio " A)r#)%si&

1artiel-partiel diiat (dipegang) bersama men4adi unit-unit yanguurannya beragam$ bentunya bebreda-beda$ dengan bvantuan

proses-proses 5sia$ imiawi dan biologis*

uatu Agregat dipisahan dari agregat lainnya melalui bidangpermuaan yang lemah*


6/21


D+,D,H DA.+/ ……. 17/2/201

Al'%li%tio " Al'%lis%si&A'(+(l%si '%tio N%4 p#+#t('% Horiso

%tri'..

A(di56%tio " P#)%s%+%&A'(+(l%si io"io H.

8%ro%tio ! K%ro%si -6%l6i56%tio&A'(+(l%si '%lsi(+ '%ro%t4 p#+#t('%

Horiso K%lsi' %t%( Horiso P#tro'%lsi'.

8,#l%tio" K,#l%si ! P#)"',#l%t"%&P#+#t('% s#*%9% 'o+pl#'s lo)%+

d#)% %)# or)%i'. :o)%l di$#%' d%l%+str('t(r 6i6i s#,i))% +#$%di s%)%t

st%il.


7/21


D+,D,H DA.+/ ……. 17/2/2013

Compaction ! 6ompasi - 1emadatan/.edusi 5si andungan uadar tanah yang mengaibatan

meningatnya Bobot +si*

Cryoturbation/1encampiran tanah aibat dari suhu rendah$ mis* ,ntu merusa

horison$ memasuan bahan organi e dalam horison bawah$ danuntu menata batu-batu*

Dealalization (solodization)/1ergeraan ion a e luar dari bagian tertentu pro5l tanah*

Decarbonation (decalci5cation)/1ergeraan alsium arbonat e luar dari bagian tertentu pro5l tanah*


8/21


D+,D,H DA.+/ ……. 17/2/2013

Decomposition - Deomposisi/1enghancuran bahan mineral dan bahan organi secara

bioimiawi*

Dehydration - Dehidrasi/6ehilangan air yang mengaibatan suatu senyawa embali e

eadaan orisinalnya*

Deposition merupaan sedimentasi bahan yang terangut/7* Aumulasi partiel tanah 0 colluvium"* Aumulasi unsur hara 0 1eningatan 686 &* 1engayaan partiel beruuran medium*


9/21


;#s%lii%tio " ;#s%liis%si&P#r)#r%'% )%r%+")%r%+ l%r(t '# l(%r d%ri %)i%

t#rt#t( pro5l t%%,.

;#sili6%tio " ;#sili'%si&P#r)#r%'% sili'% '# l(%r d%ri %)i% t#rt#t( pro5l

t%%,.

;i


10/21


El(i%tio " El(i%si&9eraan material e luar dari lapisan pro5l tanah(secara har5ah :pencucian material;)<

menghilangnya material yang tercuci e luar(misalnya se=uio>ides$ mineral liat$ bahan organi

tanah)

?nergy in@u> 0 out@u>/ .adiation absorption 0re@ection/

7* 8emperatur 8anah"* icrobiological activity - humi5cation $

decomposition$ mineralization&* ?vaporasi

'* Air tanah


11/21


D+,D,H DA.+/ ……. 17/2/2013

?rosi adalah pengangutan partiel tanah (danbahan organi tanah) oleh air atau angin*

7* 1uulan tetes air hu4an menghancuranagregat tanah

"* oil movement 0 removal of the A horizon

&* moothing or levelling of the soil surface'* oss of nutrients 0 decrease of C?C* elective particle transport results in the

relative enrichment of coarse and 5ne particlesand depletion of medium-sized particles

E* .educed in5ltration 0 increase in surfacerunoF 0 reduced soil moisture

G* 1enyumbatan permuaan tanah*


12/21


D+,D,H DA.+/ ……. 17/2/2013

errugination/Development of brown$ reddish brown$ and reddish soil colors*

locculation/+t is a process where the individual particles of clay are

coagulated to form @occular aggregates*

9leization/+t involves the reduction of iron and its segregation intoredo>imorphic features$ or its removal by leaching form the

gleyed horizon< process occuring in poorly drained soil*

H(+i56%tio " H(+i5'%si&1embentuan H,, dari bahan organi segar*

Hydration/Absorption of water to form a new compound which diFers only

slightly from the original state


13/21

7* Describes the addition of organicmatter to$ and its chemicaldecomposition into humus andorganic acids

"* H,, is the dar material thatmaes soils blac or brown

&* Breadown of the humus andorganic acids also produces high

C%" concentrations in the soil$

leading to carbonic acid andanother form of chemicalweathering*

Humi5cation

D+,D,H DA.+/ smu*edu0earthsciences0academics0courses0geol&'G"0ecture2"3"*ppt II*


14/21


D+,D,H DA.+/ ……. 17/2/2013

Hydrolysis/ 8he replacement of cations in amineral structure *by hydrogen ions from the soil

solution* +lluviation/ ovement of material into a section

of the soil pro5le (literally washing into or

towards)< accumulation of material washed into(e*g* se=uio>ides$ clay minerals$ organicmaterial)

+nduration/ Hardening of a section of the pro5le

produced in association with iron pans andplinthite$ and with other cementing agents (i or

Ca)*+n5ltration/ 8he entry of water into the soil

surface


15/21


D+,D,H DA.+/ ……. 17/2/2013

It#r>o9 -S(s(r=%6# >o9 t,ro(), >o9 s##p%)#&:%t#r%l s(s(r=%6# >o9.

:#ssi%)#& P,*si6%l do99%rd +o#+#t o= 6l%*+i#r%ls.

:#(6ii%tio -d#6olor%tio& :i),t#i) t,# 6olori % s#6tio o= t,# pro5l# " =or+%tio o= % %li6

,orio.M#l%i%tio& ;%r'#i) t,# 6olor o= li),t"6olor#d+i#r%l iiti%l (6osolid%t#d +%t#ri%l * +i?t(r#%d %66(+(l%tio o= or)%i6 +%tt#r4 =or+%tio o= %

+olli6 ,orio d(# to i6orpor%tio o= or)%i6

+%tt#r.Mi#r%li%tio& R#l#%s# o= +i#r%ls i %rio(s

=or+s d(ri) t,# d#6o+positio o= or)%i6 +%tt#r.N#(tr%li%tio& 8o(t#r%6tio o= t,# H ios.

O(t>o9& :oss o= 9%t#r =ro+ t,# p#dosp,#r# to t,#ro(d9%t#r. :oss o= 9%t#r %d sol(l# %d


16/21

essivage7* 1hysical transport of clay-sized material

downward from surface horizon (8ranslocation)

"* eads to reddish coloration and clay-richsubsurface horizons

&* easonally wet climates

odern California Argentina$ "" illion Kear old rocsD+,D,H DA.+/ smu*edu0earthsciences0academics0courses0geol&'G"0ecture2"3"*ppt II*


17/21


D+,D,H DA.+/ ……. 17/2/2013

O?id%tio"O'sid%si&

@or+%tio o= % o?id# or t,# r#l#%s# o=#l#6tros.

P#dot(r%tio& T,# 6,(ri) %d disr(ptio o=,orio =or+%tio * iolo)i6%l p,*si6%l %d

to so+# #?t#t 6,#+i6%l %6tiit* s(6, %s9#tti) %d dr*i) s9#lli) %d 6otr%6tio=r##i) %d t,%9i) root pr#ss(r#s %i+%l

(rro9i) %6itit* o= +%.

Podoli%tio " PO;SO:ISASI&1roses transloasi ?L,+%6+DA dalam pro5l tanah*Bentu besi ferro larut berada pada zone eluviation$

dan besi ferri tida larut pada zone illuviation*1odsolisasi adalah proses pembentuan tanah yang


18/21


D+,D,H DA.+/ ……. 17/2/2013

Pr#6ipit%tio& S#p%r%tio %dd#positio o= % s(st%6# i % solid

=or+ =ro+ % sol(tio.

R#d(6tio& :oss o= o?*)# ios or%66#pt%6# o= #l#6tros.

S%lii%tio& A66(+(l%tio o=sol(l# s%lts s(6, %s 6,lorid#s %d

s(lp,%t#s o= 8% M) N% or K.


19/21

ilication/ Accumulation of silica*

oli@uction/ low @ow of saturated soil on apermanent frozen soil (permafrost table)*

olution/ Dissolving of minerals into solution (e*g*calcium carbonate into bicarbonate)*

urface crusting (soil sealing)/ A process which resultsin the formation of soil crusts on the soil surface$

ranging in thicness from a few mm to perhaps asmuch as & cm$ that is much mor compact$ hard and

brittle$ when dry$ than the material immediatelybeneath*

urface runoF (overland @ow)/ Discharge of rainwater

over the surface of the land* urface runoF is



20/21

S(sp#sio& T,# >o%ti) o= disp#rs#dp%rti6l#s i % +#di(+ li'# 9%t#r. It iso# o= t,# st%t#s o= p%rti6l# tr%sport

o= #rod#d s#di+#ts #sp#6i%ll* =or t,#

s+%ll#r %d li),t#r p%rti6l#s s(6, %s6l%*.

S*t,#sis& T,# io6,#+i6%l =or+%tio

o= % #9 6o+po(d * 6o+i%tio o=#l#+#ts or 6ostit(#ts.



21/21

p9%rd +o#+#t ! PERGERAKAN KEATAS&

ovement of dissolved or suspended matterby capillarity*

C#%t,#ri) " PE:APKAN&All physical and chemical changes produced

in rocs$ at or near the earthMs surface$ byatmospheric agents*


dasar ilmu tanah perkembangan horison tanah

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