dasar dasar echokardiografi
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Dasar Dasar Echokardiografi](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/55cf9c6e550346d033a9d2de/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Two DimensionalEchocardiography
Views and Measurements
![Page 2: Dasar Dasar Echokardiografi](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/55cf9c6e550346d033a9d2de/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Echocardiographic Examination
![Page 3: Dasar Dasar Echokardiografi](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/55cf9c6e550346d033a9d2de/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
The Windows (Transducer Location)
1.Parasternal
2.Apical
3.Subcostal
4.Suprasternal
Echocardiographic Examination
![Page 4: Dasar Dasar Echokardiografi](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/55cf9c6e550346d033a9d2de/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Echocardiographic Examination
![Page 5: Dasar Dasar Echokardiografi](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/55cf9c6e550346d033a9d2de/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Echocardiographic Examination
![Page 6: Dasar Dasar Echokardiografi](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/55cf9c6e550346d033a9d2de/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Echocardiographic Examination
![Page 7: Dasar Dasar Echokardiografi](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/55cf9c6e550346d033a9d2de/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Echocardiographic Examination
![Page 8: Dasar Dasar Echokardiografi](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/55cf9c6e550346d033a9d2de/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Echocardiographic Examination
![Page 9: Dasar Dasar Echokardiografi](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/55cf9c6e550346d033a9d2de/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Echocardiographic Examination
![Page 10: Dasar Dasar Echokardiografi](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/55cf9c6e550346d033a9d2de/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Echocardiographic Examination
![Page 11: Dasar Dasar Echokardiografi](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/55cf9c6e550346d033a9d2de/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Transducer motion
1.Translation (movement)
2.Tilting or pointing
3.Angulation
4.Rotation
Echocardiographic Examination
![Page 12: Dasar Dasar Echokardiografi](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/55cf9c6e550346d033a9d2de/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Views
PLAX
RVIT
![Page 13: Dasar Dasar Echokardiografi](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/55cf9c6e550346d033a9d2de/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Views
PSAX – Aortic Valve
PSAX – Mitral Valve
PSAX – Papillary Muscle
PSAX - Apex
![Page 14: Dasar Dasar Echokardiografi](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/55cf9c6e550346d033a9d2de/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Views
Apical 4-Chamber
Apical 2-Chamber
Apical 3-Chamber (Apical Long Axis)
Apical 5 Chamber
![Page 15: Dasar Dasar Echokardiografi](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/55cf9c6e550346d033a9d2de/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Views
Subcostal 4 Chamber
Subcostal 5 Chamber
Subcostal Short Axis
![Page 16: Dasar Dasar Echokardiografi](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/55cf9c6e550346d033a9d2de/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Views
Suprasternal Long Axis
Suprasternal Short Axis
Right Parasternal View
![Page 17: Dasar Dasar Echokardiografi](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/55cf9c6e550346d033a9d2de/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Two Dimensional Evaluation
Wall
Thickness Systolic thickening Scarring Systolic motion
![Page 18: Dasar Dasar Echokardiografi](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/55cf9c6e550346d033a9d2de/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Two Dimensional Evaluation
Septum
Thickness Systolic thickening Scarring Systolic motion
![Page 19: Dasar Dasar Echokardiografi](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/55cf9c6e550346d033a9d2de/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Two Dimensional Evaluation
Chamber size
Ventricles Atria Aorta Pulmonary artery
![Page 20: Dasar Dasar Echokardiografi](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/55cf9c6e550346d033a9d2de/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Two Dimensional Evaluation
Valves Thickening Calcification Motion
![Page 21: Dasar Dasar Echokardiografi](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/55cf9c6e550346d033a9d2de/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Two Dimensional Evaluation
Subvalvular apparatus
Chordae tendinaea Papillary muscle
![Page 22: Dasar Dasar Echokardiografi](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/55cf9c6e550346d033a9d2de/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Two Dimensional Evaluation
Masses
Thrombus Tumors Vegetations
![Page 23: Dasar Dasar Echokardiografi](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/55cf9c6e550346d033a9d2de/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Two Dimensional Evaluation
Pericardium
Thickening
Effusion Pericardial Pleural
![Page 24: Dasar Dasar Echokardiografi](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/55cf9c6e550346d033a9d2de/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
PLAX View
![Page 25: Dasar Dasar Echokardiografi](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/55cf9c6e550346d033a9d2de/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
PLAX View
![Page 26: Dasar Dasar Echokardiografi](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/55cf9c6e550346d033a9d2de/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
PLAX View
![Page 27: Dasar Dasar Echokardiografi](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/55cf9c6e550346d033a9d2de/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
PLAX
![Page 28: Dasar Dasar Echokardiografi](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/55cf9c6e550346d033a9d2de/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
• Aortic diameter
• LVOT diameter
• LA dimension
2-D Measurement
![Page 29: Dasar Dasar Echokardiografi](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/55cf9c6e550346d033a9d2de/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
• RVWd
• RVIDd
2-D Measurement
![Page 30: Dasar Dasar Echokardiografi](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/55cf9c6e550346d033a9d2de/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
• IVSd
• IVSs
2-D Measurement
![Page 31: Dasar Dasar Echokardiografi](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/55cf9c6e550346d033a9d2de/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
• LVIDd
• LVIDd index
• LVIDs
• LVIDs index
M-mode Measurement
![Page 32: Dasar Dasar Echokardiografi](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/55cf9c6e550346d033a9d2de/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
• LVPWd
• LVPWs
2-D Measurement
![Page 33: Dasar Dasar Echokardiografi](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/55cf9c6e550346d033a9d2de/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
ESD = LVIDs
EDD = LVIDd
FS= LVIDd - LVIDs LVIDd
Evaluation of LV Systolic Function
![Page 34: Dasar Dasar Echokardiografi](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/55cf9c6e550346d033a9d2de/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
EF = LVIDd3 – LVIDs3 LVIDd3
Evaluation of LV Systolic Function
![Page 35: Dasar Dasar Echokardiografi](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/55cf9c6e550346d033a9d2de/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
RVIT
![Page 36: Dasar Dasar Echokardiografi](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/55cf9c6e550346d033a9d2de/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
RVIT - Diameter
![Page 37: Dasar Dasar Echokardiografi](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/55cf9c6e550346d033a9d2de/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
PSAX – Aortic Valve
![Page 38: Dasar Dasar Echokardiografi](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/55cf9c6e550346d033a9d2de/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
PSAX – Diameter
![Page 39: Dasar Dasar Echokardiografi](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/55cf9c6e550346d033a9d2de/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
PSAX – Diameter
![Page 40: Dasar Dasar Echokardiografi](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/55cf9c6e550346d033a9d2de/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
PSAX – Mitral Valve
![Page 41: Dasar Dasar Echokardiografi](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/55cf9c6e550346d033a9d2de/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
PSAX – Papillary Muscle
![Page 42: Dasar Dasar Echokardiografi](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/55cf9c6e550346d033a9d2de/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
This is done by tracing the epicardial to calculate the total ventricular volume and the endocardial border to calculate chamber volume.LV mass = 1.05 (total volume – chamber volume)
Evaluation of LV Mass
![Page 43: Dasar Dasar Echokardiografi](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/55cf9c6e550346d033a9d2de/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Evaluation of LV Mass
Total volume= Total area x length
Chamber volume = Chamber area x Length
Myocardial volume = Total volume – Chamber volume
LV mass = Myocardial volume x density
LV mass = Myocardial volume x 1.05
![Page 44: Dasar Dasar Echokardiografi](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/55cf9c6e550346d033a9d2de/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
PSAX – Epicardial Border Trace
![Page 45: Dasar Dasar Echokardiografi](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/55cf9c6e550346d033a9d2de/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
PSAX – Endocardial Border Trace
![Page 46: Dasar Dasar Echokardiografi](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/55cf9c6e550346d033a9d2de/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
PSAX - Apex
![Page 47: Dasar Dasar Echokardiografi](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/55cf9c6e550346d033a9d2de/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Apical – 4 Chamber
![Page 48: Dasar Dasar Echokardiografi](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/55cf9c6e550346d033a9d2de/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Apical-4 ChamberLV Length
![Page 49: Dasar Dasar Echokardiografi](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/55cf9c6e550346d033a9d2de/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Apical – 4 ChamberRA and LA Area
![Page 50: Dasar Dasar Echokardiografi](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/55cf9c6e550346d033a9d2de/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
For this method, endocardial borders are traced in apical four-chamber and two-chamber views and are used to define a series of orthogonal diameters (a and b) as follows:
V = (p ) S ai bi x (L) 4 20Using 20 disk for i = 1 to i = 20
This calculation is done by computer software.
Simpson’s Rule
![Page 51: Dasar Dasar Echokardiografi](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/55cf9c6e550346d033a9d2de/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Simpson’sApical 4-Chamber Diastole
![Page 52: Dasar Dasar Echokardiografi](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/55cf9c6e550346d033a9d2de/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Simpson’sApical 4-Chamber Diastole
![Page 53: Dasar Dasar Echokardiografi](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/55cf9c6e550346d033a9d2de/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Simpson’sApical 4-Chamber Systole
![Page 54: Dasar Dasar Echokardiografi](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/55cf9c6e550346d033a9d2de/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Simpson’sApical 4-Chamber Systole
![Page 55: Dasar Dasar Echokardiografi](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/55cf9c6e550346d033a9d2de/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Simpson’sApical 2 – Chamber Diastole
![Page 56: Dasar Dasar Echokardiografi](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/55cf9c6e550346d033a9d2de/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Simpson’sApical 2-Chamber Diastole
![Page 57: Dasar Dasar Echokardiografi](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/55cf9c6e550346d033a9d2de/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Simpson’sApical 2-Chamber Systole
![Page 58: Dasar Dasar Echokardiografi](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/55cf9c6e550346d033a9d2de/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Simpson’sApical 2-Chamber Systole
![Page 59: Dasar Dasar Echokardiografi](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/55cf9c6e550346d033a9d2de/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Apical 5-Chamber
![Page 60: Dasar Dasar Echokardiografi](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/55cf9c6e550346d033a9d2de/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Apical – Two Chamber
![Page 61: Dasar Dasar Echokardiografi](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/55cf9c6e550346d033a9d2de/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Apical – Long Axis
![Page 62: Dasar Dasar Echokardiografi](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/55cf9c6e550346d033a9d2de/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
In the short axis view at the base
(MV), the LV is divided into:
1. Anterior wall
2. Lateral wall
3. Posterior wall
4. Inferior wall
5. Interior septal wall
6. Anterior septal wall
Wall Segments
![Page 63: Dasar Dasar Echokardiografi](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/55cf9c6e550346d033a9d2de/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
In the short axis view at the mid-left
ventricle (the papillary muscle level),
the LV is divided into:
1. Anterior wall
2. Lateral wall
3. Posterior wall
4. Inferior wall
5. Interior septal wall
6. Anterior septal wall
Wall Segments
![Page 64: Dasar Dasar Echokardiografi](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/55cf9c6e550346d033a9d2de/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
In the short axis view at the apex
the LV is divided into:
1. Anterior wall
2. Postero-lateral wall
3. Inferior wall
Wall Segments
![Page 65: Dasar Dasar Echokardiografi](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/55cf9c6e550346d033a9d2de/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Wall Segments
![Page 66: Dasar Dasar Echokardiografi](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/55cf9c6e550346d033a9d2de/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Wall Segments
![Page 67: Dasar Dasar Echokardiografi](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/55cf9c6e550346d033a9d2de/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Wall Segments
![Page 68: Dasar Dasar Echokardiografi](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/55cf9c6e550346d033a9d2de/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Wall Segments
![Page 69: Dasar Dasar Echokardiografi](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/55cf9c6e550346d033a9d2de/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Wall Segments
![Page 70: Dasar Dasar Echokardiografi](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/55cf9c6e550346d033a9d2de/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Wall Segments
![Page 71: Dasar Dasar Echokardiografi](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/55cf9c6e550346d033a9d2de/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
Subcostal – 4 Chamber
![Page 72: Dasar Dasar Echokardiografi](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/55cf9c6e550346d033a9d2de/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
Subcostal 5-Chamber
![Page 73: Dasar Dasar Echokardiografi](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/55cf9c6e550346d033a9d2de/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
PSAX - Apex
![Page 74: Dasar Dasar Echokardiografi](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/55cf9c6e550346d033a9d2de/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
Subcostal Short Axis
![Page 75: Dasar Dasar Echokardiografi](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/55cf9c6e550346d033a9d2de/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
Subcostal Short Axis
![Page 76: Dasar Dasar Echokardiografi](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/55cf9c6e550346d033a9d2de/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
Subcostal – Short Axis
![Page 77: Dasar Dasar Echokardiografi](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/55cf9c6e550346d033a9d2de/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
Suprasternal Long Axis
![Page 78: Dasar Dasar Echokardiografi](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/55cf9c6e550346d033a9d2de/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
Suprasternal Short Axis