darwin vs. lamarck. jean-baptiste lamarck french, early 1800’s theory of inheritance of acquired...
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Jean-Baptiste LaMarck
French, Early 1800’s
Theory of
Inheritance of
Acquired Characteristics Two main points…
1. Principle of Use & Disuse: • Most used body structures develop, unused
structures waste away
2. Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics:
Once the structure is modified, the new trait can be inherited (passed to offspring)
Why we don’t believe him…
Genetics: Gregor Mendel discovered that
traits are passed down through GENES (which aren’t affected by the outside world in that way)
Experiments: show that changes that occur in an animal’s life are not passed on to its offspring
Charles DarwinCharles Darwin“The Father of Evolution”“The Father of Evolution”
1831- sailed on the HMS Beagle to the Galapagos Islands.
Studied many species of finches.Published book in 1845:
– “On the Origin of Species by Natural Selection”
Darwin’s Theory of Evolution(don’t copy all this it’s on your handout)
“Survival of the Fittest”
“Natural Selection”
Four main points…
1. More organisms are produced than can survive…leads to COMPETITION OVER RESOURCES
Ex’s of resources…– Water– Food– Habitat– Mates
3. Some variations are FAVORABLE (increase chances for survival/ reproduction)
Male vs. Female Cardinals
Male color attracts female= reproductive advantage
4. Better adapted individuals survive and reproduce
These are the individuals that will pass on their genes to the next generation.
This can change the GENE POOL:– Includes all the genes of every reproductive
member of a population
What The theory of evolution IS NOT!!!
It does NOT occur in INDIVIDUALS…only populations!
It does NOT happen quickly…the Earth has a Looooooong history!
It does NOT explain how life came to be on Earth, just how it evolved after it was here.
It does NOT have any driving force except the competition for limited resources.
Darwin’s Finches…p 558
Illustrate SPECIATION: when a species breaks into two (or more)– The organisms in the two species can no longer…
INTERBREED
What could cause this to happen?– Geographic barriers– Occupy a new niche/habitat– Reproductive Isolation-
Evolution- “Change Over Time” All of the changes that have occurred in living things since the
beginning of life on Earth
Evolution occurs over MANY generations Evolution occurs within POPULATIONS
(NOT individuals) Evolution involves genetic changes in a
SPECIES– (Members of a species interbreed to produce
healthy, fertile offspring)
Anatomical EvidenceHOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES
structures that are similar because they were inherited from a
COMMON ANCESTOR
ANALOGOUS STRUCTURES
similar in function, but NOT inherited from a common
ancestor
NOTE: similar structure, but NOT always function!
NOTE: similar FUNCTION, but not STRUCTURE
More Anatomical Evidence:Vestigial Structures
Vestigial Structures are undeveloped structures that were functional in some ancestor, but are no longer needed in that organism.
BIOGEOGRAPHICAL EVIDENCE When we study the distribution of plants and animals on the planet,
we notice:– Animals evolved differently in each of the biogeographical regions– We see evidence that as the continents drifted, organisms were
separated and evolved.
BIOCHEMICAL EVIDENCE
Almost all living things use the same biochemical molecules– DNA, Protein, ATP
Vast diversity came about by only slight differences in the same genes– The more closely “related” the organisms are, the
more similar their DNA