danziger chapter 4

8/16/2019 Danziger Chapter 4

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CHAPTER 4; INFLUENCES ON

BELİEFS AND ACTİONSJames N. Danziger, (2009) Understanding

the Political World, New Yor! Pearson


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Outline

• Explaining Ini!iual P"liti#al Be$a!i"u%

• T$e En!i%"n&ent

• Agent' "( P"liti#al S"#iali)ati"n

• Pe%'"nal C$a%a#te%i'ti#'

• P"liti#al *Pe%'"nalit+,

• C"n#luing O-'e%!ati"n'


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Explaining Ini!iual P"liti#al Be$a!i"u%

• .$+ " ini!iual' $"l pa%ti#ula% p"liti#al -elie(' an engagein #e%tain p"liti#al a#ti"n'/

F"u% B%"a T+pe' "( Explanat"%+ Fa#t"%' in Explaining Ini!iual

P"liti#al Be$a!i"u%0123T$e en!i%"n&ent

13Agent' "( p"liti#al '"#iali)ati"n

153Pe%'"nal #$a%a#te%i'ti#'

143Pe%'"nalit+ an $u&an natu%e

C$apte% 4 #"n'ie%' t$e'e ("u% t+pe "( in(luen#e' "n t$e p"liti#al-elie(' an a#ti"n' "( ini!iual'6 (%"& t$e apat$eti#' t" t$e

a#ti!i't'7


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T$e En!i%"n&ent

• I' it a#tuall+ %ati"nal t"!"te/

• T" 8$at extent t$epe%'"n9' en!i%"n&ent:the broad context in

which an individuallives- #an p"8e%(ull+in(luen#e $e% p"liti#al-e$a!i"u%/

Defining the environment:

Literally everything outside

the individual.


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T$e En!i%"n&ent

The environment includes;

• political elements(e.g., governmental procedures, public

policies, specific political events and actors),

•elements of the social and cultural systems(e.g.,religious foundations, attitudes toward such

characteristics as ethnicity, gender and class),

• elements of the economic order (e.g., level of economic

prosperity and development),

• and the physical features of the environment (e.g.,

topography, natural resources).


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T$e En!i%"n&ent• F"% an+ pa%ti#ula% p"liti#al -elie( "% a#ti"n6 t$e%e a%e

p"''i-le e((e#t' (%"& an en!i%"n&ental 'ti&ulu'7

• An ele&ent "( t$e en!i%"n&ent &ig$t activate6 repress6transform6 "% amplify a pe%'"n9' p"liti#al -e$a!i"u%7

• "'t ele&ent' "( t$e en!i%"n&ent a%e li


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T$e En!i%"n&ent

• Di((e%ent 8a+' in 8$i#$ t$e en!i%"n&ent &ig$t a((e#t-e$a!i"%0

1I3P"liti#al En!i%"n&ent1II3S"#ial En!i%"n&ent

1III3Cultu%al En!i%"n&ent

1=I3E#"n"&i# En!i%"n&ent

1=3P$+'i#al En!i%"n&ent


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P"liti#al En!i%"n&ent

Exa&ple' %ega%ing t$e p"liti#al en!i%"n&ent0

. !ffects on information about politics

In +an&a%1Bu%&a36 t$e g"!e%n&ent li&it' t$e a!aila-lein("%&ati"n a-"ut p"liti#'6 '" #iti)en' $a!e "nl+ &ini&al


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P"liti#al En!i%"n&ent

". !ffects on individuals# political party involvement

• F%"& t$e late 2>4?' t" t$e late 2>@?'6 R"&ania $a "nl+ "nelegal p"liti#al pa%t+6 t$e C"&&uni't Pa%t+7 Pa%t+ &e&-e%'$ip6"pen t" "nl+ a-"ut 2? pe%#ent "( t$e p"pulati"n6 8a' e''ential

("% an+ #iti)en 8$" 8ante t" $"l p"liti#al "((i#e "% gain &a"%a!antage' in t$e '"#iet+6 'u#$ a' ualit+ $"u'ing7

• Cu%%entl+6 R"&ania $a' &ultipa%t+ e&"#%a#+7 Pa%t+

&e&-e%'$ip an "pp"%tunitie' t" %un ("% pu-li# "((i#e a%e n"8"pen t" all #iti)en'7 H"8e!e%6 pa%t+ &e&-e%'$ip n" l"nge%a(("%' t$e a!antage' t$at exi'te u%ing t$e #"&&uni'tpe%i"6 an t$u' t$e p%"p"%ti"n "( R"&anian ault' 8$" a%ea#ti!e pa%t+ &e&-e%' "( all p"liti#al pa%tie' i' l"8e% n"87


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S"#ial En!i%"n&ent

I( t$e "&inant %eligi"n in t$e #ultu%al en!i%"n&ent

$a' t%aiti"nall+ %elegate 8"&en t" a 'e#"na%+%"le6 a' in Saui A%a-ia9' a$e%en#e t" t$e '$a%iala8' "( I'la&6 it i' li


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Cultu%al6 E#"n"&i# an P$+'i#al En!i%"n&ent

• I( t$e p"!e%t+ i' 8ie'p%ea in an e#"n"&i# '+'te&6 8illt$i' in(luen#e t$e p%"-a-ilit+ "( p"liti#al %e-elli"n/

On t$e "ne $an6 'u#$ p"!e%t+ &ig$t p%"u#e a (%u't%atep"pulati"n 8$" 8ill -e %e'p"n'i!e t" a %e!"luti"na%+&"!e&ent p%"&i'ing (utu%e p%"'pe%it+6 an it &ig$t in'pi%ea pa%ti#ula% pe%'"n t" -e#"&e !e%+ a#ti!e in 'u#$ a&"!e&ent7 On t$e "t$e% $an6 t$e pe"ple &ig$t -e t""

#"n#e%ne a-"ut -a'i# 'u%!i!al t" $a!e t$e ti&e "% ene%g+t" engage in p"liti#al a#ti"n7


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Agent' "( P"liti#al S"#iali)ati"n

• E!en ini!iual' 8$" li!e in t$e 'a&een!i%"n&ent #an $"l !e%+ i((e%ent p"liti#al-elie('7

• P"liti#al '"#iali)ati"n %e'ea%#$ atte&pt' t"explain t$e '"u%#e' "( ini!iual'9 p"liti#al-elie('7


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• P"liti#al '"#iali)ati"n #an -e e(ine a' t$ep%"#e''e' t$%"ug$ 8$i#$ ini!iual'a#ui%e t$ei% "%ientati"n' t"8a% t$e

p"liti#al 8"%l7• Plat"1 #7 4@:54 B7C7E3 "-'e%!e t$at'"#iet+9' &"'t i&p"%tant (un#ti"n i' #i!i#

t%aining6 in't%u#ting #iti)en' %ega%ing t$enatu%e "( t$ei% '"#ial an p"liti#al 8"%l ant$ei% p%"pe% %"le' in t$at 8"%l7


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• T$e app%"p%iate #"ntent an 't+le "( 'u#$ p"liti#al'"#iali)ati"n a%e 'u-e#t t" e-ate6 'in#e "ne pe%'"n9'!i'i"n "( p%"pe% #i!i# t%aining &ig$t -e !ie8e -+ an"t$e%pe%'"n a' in"#t%inati"n an -%ain8a'$ing7

• A&"ng t$e p"liti#al '#ienti't'6 t$e e&p$a'i' in p"liti#al'"#iali)ati"n %e'ea%#$ $a' -een "n anal+'ing t$e agent'"( p"liti#al '"#iali)ati"n: the ma$or sources of political

training and indoctrination7


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• S"&e "( t$e &"'t i&p"%tant agent' "( p"liti#al'"#iali)ati"n0T$e Fa&il+S#$""l'Pee% %"up'T$e eia an Cultu%eE!ent'


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-The %amily-

• T$e (a&il+ i' t$e (i%'t6 an "(ten t$e &"'t p"8e%(ul anla'ting6 agent "( p"liti#al '"#iali)ati"n7

• T$e p"liti#al "%ientati"n' "( &"'t ini!iual' a%e eepl+in(luen#e -+ t$e -e$a!i"u%' an -elie(' t$e+ expe%ien#e int$e (a&il+ en!i%"n&ent -e#au'e t$e+ $a!e a-'"%-epe%#epti"n' a-"ut t$e p"liti#al 8"%l (%"& #"n!e%'ati"n'

"!e%$ea% 8it$in t$e (a&il+7

• F"% exa&ple6 &"'t 'e!en:+ea%:"l #$il%en in t$e US al%ea+ienti(+ 8it$ "ne p"liti#al pa%t+1 enning'6 a%


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-The %amily-

• T$e patte%n "( inte%a#ti"n' -et8een pa%ent' an #$il%en #an$a!e p"liti#al i&pli#ati"n' 8$e%e t$e #$il &ig$t a''u&e t$att$i' i' t$e app%"p%iate patte%n "( aut$"%it+ %elati"n'$ip' in t$e

'"#iet+7

• F"% exa&ple6 i( t$e (a&il+ i' $ie%a%#$i#al6 8it$ t$e &"t$e% "%(at$e% %uling 8it$ an i%"n $an6 p%e!enting i'#u''i"n'6 an

u'ing 't%"ng 'an#ti"n' ("% i'"-eien#e6 t$e #$il &ig$ta''u&e t$at t$i' i' t$e app%"p%iate patte%n "( aut$"%it+%elati"n'$ip' in t$e '"#iet+7


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Agent' "( P"liti#al S"#iali)ati"n:S#$""l':• F%"& t$e pe%'pe#ti!e "( p"liti#al aut$"%itie'6 '#$""l' #an -e t$e

'tate9' &"'t !alua-le agent ("% p"liti#al '"#iali)ati"n -e#au'e t$e+"((e% t$e "pp"%tunit+ ("% 'u'taine an $ig$l+ #"nt%"lle #"nta#t 8it$

+"ut$ at t$e age 8$en &an+ p"liti#al -elie(' #an 'till -e &"le7

• Tea#$e% i' t$e aut$"%it+ (igu%e6 8$" %e8a%' t$in


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:S#$""l':• T$e '#$""l #u%%i#ulu& i' al'" !e%+ i&p"%tant in '$aping

'tuent9' une%'taning "( t$e p"liti#al 8"%l7

• Eu#ati"nal aut$"%itie' #an #"nt%"l 8$at 'u-e#t' a%e taug$t68$at text-""


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:Pee% %"up':• Pee% g%"up i' a gene%al te%& t$at in#lue' (%ien'6

neig$-"u%'6 an #"lleague' (%"& t$e 8"%


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:Pee% %"up':• In gene%al6 a pe%'"n i' &"%e li>37

1Step One3 Pe"ple 8it$ g%eate% inte%e't an


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:Pee% %"up':• Pee% in(luen#e i' a p"8e%(ul (a#t"% in t$e %ai#ali)ati"n "( &an+

"( t$e *$"&e g%"8n, te%%"%i't' 8$" a%e -e#"&ing a 'igni(i#antt$%eat in &an+ #"unt%ie'7

• Ini!iual'6 e'pe#iall+ +"ung ault &ale'6 8$" (eel alienate anal"ne a' pa%t "( a #ultu%al an %eligi"u' &in"%it+ (inen#"u%age&ent an i%e#ti"n in a '&all g%"up "( pee%' 8$"gat$e% in("%&all+7

• T8" %e#ent exa&ple' "( te%%"%i't' 8$" e&e%ge (%"& 'u#$

g%"up' a%e t$e t8" Angl":Inian' 8$" %a&&e an aut"&"-ile(ille 8it$ expl"'i!e' int" t$e la'g"8 Ai%p"%t te%&inal in 'u&&e%?? an t$e 5:+ea%:"l A&e%i#an u'li& 8$" planne t"et"nate $an g%enae' in a C$i#ag" &all in ??1 e+e%??37


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:T$e &eia an #ultu%e:• F"% &"'t ault'6 t$e &eia6 e'pe#iall+ tele!i'i"n6 %ai"6

an t$e p%e''6 a%e t$e &a"% '"u%#e' "( p"liti#alin("%&ati"n7

• eia #an -e a #%u#ial agent "( p"liti#al '"#iali)ati"n ("%eit$e% 'ta-ilit+ "% #$ange7

• T$e'e in("%&ati"n '"u%#e' " &eiate -et8een t$eini!iual an &"'t p"liti#al %ealit+7

• F"% &"'t pe"ple6 t$e &eia $a!e t$ei% g%eate't i&pa#tu%ing 'ituati"n' "( p"liti#al %a&a1 e7g76 8a%6 &a"%p"liti#al #%i'i'6 ele#ti"n'37


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:T$e &eia an #ultu%e:• T8" -%"a "-'e%!ati"n' #an -e "((e%e "n t$e i&pa#t "( t$e

&eia "n pe"ple9' p"liti#al -elie(' an a#ti"n'7

Fi%'t6 (e8 pe"ple a-'"%- &eia in("%&ati"n in a 8a+ t$at

'igni(i#antl+ #$ange' &"'t "( t$ei% p"liti#al attitue' "% a#ti"n'7Rat$e%6 pe"ple inte%p%et an %etain &eia in("%&ati"n'ele#ti!el+ t" %ein("%#e t$ei% exi'ting attitue'7

Se#"n6 $"8e!e%6 t$e%e i' #"n'ie%a-le e!ien#e t$at t$e&eia a%e in#%ea'ingl+ i&p"%tant in '$aping &an+ pe"ple9'une%'taning' "( 'pe#i(i# p"liti#al p$en"&ena7 T$e &a''&eia $a!e an agenda setting i&pa#t:%a8ing pe"ple9'attenti"n t" '"&e p"liti#al p$en"&ena %at$e% t$an t" "t$e%':7


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:T$e &eia an #ultu%e:• F"% &an+ +"ung pe"ple6 t$e Inte%net $a' -e#"&e t$e


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:T$e &eia an #ultu%e:• u#$ "( 8$at +"u


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:T$e &eia an #ultu%e:• Cultu%e "((e%' an inte%e'ting alte%nati!e t" t$e &eia an

t" "t$e% agent' "( p"liti#al '"#iali)ati"n7• Li


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:T$e &eia an #ultu%e:

• Cultu%e #an al'" -e "penl+ 'u-!e%'i!e6 i%e#tl+ atta#


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:E!ent':• .$ile t$e #"ntext "( e!e%+a+ li(e $a' 'l"86 e!"luti"na%+ e((e#t'

"n a pe%'"n9' p"liti#al -e$a!i"u%6 a pa%ti#ula% e!ent #an a#t a' a'uen an p"8e%(ul agent "( p"liti#al '"#iali)ati"n7

• It i' al'" p"''i-le t$at t$e gene%al (l"8 "( e!ent' u%ing anenti%e pe%i" #an in(luen#e p"liti#al "%ientati"n'7

• F"% exa&ple6 t$e #"&-ine i&pa#t' "( 'u#$ e!ent' a' A&e%i#an &ilita%+ in!"l!e&ent in =ietna& an S"ut$ea't A'ia6t$e $ippie #ultu%e6 an t$e Nix"n p%e'ien#+ 'ee& t" $a!e $a't%"ng e((e#t' "n t$e p"liti#al une%'taning' "( &an+ A&e%i#an' 8$" 8e%e %ea#$ing ault$"" u%ing t$e late 2>?'7


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Pe%'"nal C$a%a#te%i'ti#'

• T$e %e'ea%#$ 'ugge't' t$at +"u #an &a


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• .$at une%l+ing +na&i# &ig$t lin< pe%'"nal#$a%a#te%i'ti#' 8it$ p"liti#al -e$a!i"u%/Pe%'"nal #$a%a#te%i'ti#' #an -e t$"ug$t "( a' filters t$at

in(luen#e $"8 t$e en!i%"n&ent an t$e agent' "( p"liti#al

'"#iali)ati"n a((e#t an ini!iual9' p"liti#al -e$a!i"u%7F"% exa&ple6 t$e %ele!an#e "( t$e en!i%"n&ental (a#t"% "(

I'la&i# (una&entali'& 8ill $a!e !e%+ i((e%ent e((e#t' "nt$e p"liti#al -elie(' an -e$a!i"u%' "( Saui &en an

8"&en7 Si&ila%l+6 t$e #u%%ent i&pa#t "( pa%ent' a' agent'"( p"liti#al '"#iali)ati"n i' li


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Pe%'"nal C$a%a#te%i'ti#'• O( pa%ti#ula% inte%e't t" %e'ea%#$e%' $a!e -een 'tuie'

ini#ating 8$" i' &"%e li


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• Alt$"ug$ t$e%e a%e '"&e #lea% a''"#iati"n' a&"ng!a%ia-le'6 8e #ann"t #"n#lue t$at an+ pe%'"nal#$a%a#te%i'ti# a#tuall+ #au'e a pe%'"n t" !"te ("% a

pa%ti#ula% #aniate7 An 8$en 'e!e%al pe%'"nal#$a%a#te%i'ti#' a%e a''"#iate 8it$ !"ting #$"i#e6 8e al'"#ann"t ete%&ine 8$i#$ "( t$e& a%e t$e &"'t p"8e%(ulp%ei#t"%' "( #aniate #$"i#e 8it$"ut 'tati'ti#al anal+'i'7


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• .$ile gene%ali)ati"n'a%e al8a+' i((i#ult6 t$e%ei' '"&e #"n'i'ten#+ in

t$e e&pi%i#al %e'ea%#$"n t$e pe%'"nal#$a%a#te%i'ti#' "( t$"'e8$" " !"te7

• In gene%al6 a $ig$e% p%"-a-ilit+ "(!"ting i' #"%%elate 8it$ 'u#$#$a%a#te%i'ti#' a' &e&-e%'$ip in"%gani)ati"n' t$at $a!e expli#itinte%e't' in p"liti#'1 e7g76 p"liti#al

pa%tie'6 uni"n'36 $ig$e% eu#ati"n6$ig$e% in#"&e6 $ig$e% '"#ial #la''6g%eate% age6 an &ale gene%7

• In#ien#e "( !"ting i' al'"a''"#iate 8it$ t$e pe%'"n9' p"liti#al-elie('6 e'pe#iall+ a 't%"ng

ienti(i#ati"n 8it$ a pa%t+6 a g%eate%'en'e "( pe%'"nal #apa#it+ t"in(luen#e t$e p"liti#al 8"%l1*p"liti#ale((i#a#+,36 an -ette% une%'taning"( t$e a!aila-le p"liti#al #$"i#e'7


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Pe%'"nal C$a%a#te%i'ti#'• In 'tu+ing ext%e&i't:a#ti!i't'6 &an+ anal+'e' atte&pt t"

'pe#i(+ t$e pe%'"nal #$a%a#te%i'ti#' t$at t+pi(+ a pa%ti#ula%t+pe "( a#ti!i't %elati!e t" t$e gene%al p"pulati"n7F"% exa&ple6 &an+ "( t$e u'li&' 8$" $a!e engage in

te%%"%i't a#t' a%e +"ung ault &ale' 8$" a%e 8ell:eu#atean #"&e (%"& &ile:#la'' (a&ilie'1 Be%%e-i ??;Sage&an ??437T$e %u%al ext%e&i't:a#ti!i't' 8$" a%e engage in a 't%uggle

("% #"nt%"l "!e% lan in A'ia an Latin A&e%i#a ten t" -e&ale6 p""%6 an "( li&ite eu#ati"n7U%-an a#ti!i't' 8$" p%"&"te le(ti't ie"l"gie' a%e gene%all+

#$a%a#te%i)e a' -eing 8ell eu#ate6 &ile #la''6 +"ung6an "nl+ 'lig$tl+ &"%e li


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P"liti#al *Pe%'"nalit+,

S"&e anal+'t' in'i't t$at an aeuate explanati"n "(p"liti#al -e$a!i"u% %eui%e' expli#ati"n "( t$e "olitical"ersonalit#: the deeper psychological dynamics inside theindividual that affect her response to political stimuli.


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Pe%'"nalit+• Can -e e(ine a' t$e p%"pen'itie' 8it$in an ini!iual t" a#t

in a #e%tain 8a+6 gi!en a pa%ti#ula% #"ntext7

• I( '"&e"ne i' u'uall+ #$ee%(ul "% agg%e''i!e "% t$"ug$t(ul

une% a !a%iet+ "( #i%#u&'tan#e'6 t$i' 't+le "( -e$a!ing #"ul-e #alle a personality trait "( t$at ini!iual7

• It 'ee&' plau'i-le t$at pe%'"nalit+ #"ul in(luen#e t$e

p"liti#al -elie(' an a#ti"n' "( an+ ini!iual7

• "'t "( t$e e&pi%i#al %e'ea%#$ exa&ining p"liti#al pe%'"nalit+$a' ("#u'e "n t$e -elie(' an a#ti"n' "( p"liti#al a#ti!i't'7


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$Normati%e a""roaches$

• Pe"ple $a!e al8a+' $a 't%"ng "pini"n' a-"ut t$e


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• E%i< E%i


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:Hu&an Natu%e:• S"&e "( t$"'e 8$" "((e% a p'+#$"l"gi#al explanati"n ("%

p"liti#al -e$a!i"u% " n"t ("#u' "n ini!iual pe%'"nalit+ "%e!en "n a pa%ti#ula% #ultu%e; %at$e%6 t$e+ e&p$a'i)e a &"%e

gene%ali)e #"n#epti"n g%"une in $u&an natu%e: innatemotivations and invariant drives shared by all people.

• T$e ue'ti"n i' 8$et$e% t$e%e a%e innate $u&an

&"ti!ati"n' t$at a((e#t p"liti#al -e$a!i"u% an it i' lin


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:Hu&an Natu%e:• In gene%al "ne #lai& une%pinning t$e $u&an natu%e

app%"a#$ 'ee&' %ea'"na-le0 8e a%e n"t &e%el+ t$ep%"u#t "( "u% en!i%"n&ent7

• But t$e #%u#ial i''ue %ele!ant t" une%'taning p"liti#' i't$e extent t" 8$i#$ ini!iual pe%'"nalit+ an $u&annatu%e cause p"liti#al -e$a!i"u%7

• E&pi%i#al '"#ial '#ien#e $a' +et t" p%"!ie e#i'i!ean'8e%' t" t$e'e ue'ti"n' a-"ut natu%e !e%'u' nu%tu%e in%elati"n t" p"liti#'7


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C"n#luing O-'e%!ati"n'

• T$i' #$apte% -egan -+ a'

danziger chapter 4

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