danish settlements in india - rocky mountain stamp sho · that, ships of war and merchants'...

HISTORICAL RECORDS OF 1815 REINSTATEMENT OF TRANQUEBAR

DANISH SETTLEMENTS IN INDIA

Presented byMarkand D. Dave

Map of Tranquebar | Circa 1820 - 25

Presented at British Empire Study Group Seminar on Indian Philatelyheld at the Collector's Club, New York, on October 15, 2011.

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HISTORICAL RECORDS OF 1815 REINSTATEMENT OF TRANQUEBAR

BRIEF HISTORY OF EUROPEAN SETTLEMENTS IN INDIA

DUTCH (1595) DUTCH EAST INDIA COMPANY (1602)TRADING POSTS AT SURAT, BROACH, CAMBAY, AHMEDABAD(GUJARAT), COCHIN, NAGAPATNAM, CHINSURAH (BENGAL),PATNA AND AGRA.TAKEN OVER BY BRITISH EAST INDIA CO IN 1759.

PORTUGUESE (MAY 27, 1498)ARRIVAL OF VASCO DA GAMA AT CALICUTGOA,(1510), DIU, DAMAN,SALSETTE,BASSEIN, CHITTAGONG AND HOOGLY


DANISH (1620)DANISH EAST INDIA COMPANY - TRADING POSTS ATCALICUT (1572-1791), DANNEMARKSNAGORE (1698-1714)SOUTH EAST CHANDERNAGORE,UDDGWAY TORRE (1696-1722) ON MALABAR COAST,TRANQUEBAR (FORT DANSBORG),SERAMPORE, FREDRIKSNAGOREBALASORE AND NICOBAR ISLAND (FRIEDRIKSOERNE)

BRITISH EAST INDIA COMPANY (1600)FIRST TRADING POST AT SURAT 1612MADRAS 1639BOMBAY 1661CALCUTTA1690

END OF EUROPEAN SETTLEMENTS IN INDIADUTCH (1759)DANISH 1845 sold to British.BRITISH 1947 (AUG)PORTUGUESE 1962FRENCH 1954

FRENCH (1668) TRADING POSTS AT SURAT 1668, CHANDERNAGOR 1690-92,

MASULIPATAM 1669, MAHE 1725, PONDICHERRY 1674 AND KARAIKAL 1730

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THE MAP OF EUROPEAN SETTLEMENTS IN INDIA

Balasore

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Capital Fort DansborgDansborg Fort built by Ove Gjedde in 1620 at Tranquebar as it is today.

Port view of TranquebarEarly sketh of Capital of Danish SettlementCirca 1620 - 25.

EARLY HISTORY

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Ove Gjedde (or Gedde)Born in 1594 | Died in 1660

EARLY HISTORY

First Governor

Language(s) DanishTamilHindustani ( Hindi )Bengali

Governors Ove Gjedde 1620-1621Sivert Cortsen Adeler 1673-1682 Christian Frederik Høyer 1759-1760 Peter Anker 1788-1806Hans de Brinck-Seidelin 1825-1829 Peder Hansen 1841-1845

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Service Letter dated May 10, 1798 from Fort St. George to Tranquebar.Addressed to His Excellency Major General (Peter) Anker, The 4th Governor of Danish Settlements

British officer ( Fort st. George ) transmiting the message to Peter Anker ( Tranquebar )which is received from Commanding officer - Karikal ( French Sett )

POSTAL HISTORY

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Balasore 7 December, 1658

Reproduced by the permission of CORINPHILA AUKTIONEN AG ( 2010 )

EDITION D'OR XX, Classic India & Scinde 1600 - 1858

From Collection - Jochen Heddergot, GermanyEarliest known from Danish Settlement

POSTAL HISTORY

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Giles # 4 Giles # 5

Giles # 7Giles # 6

Giles # 2 Giles # 3

TRANQUEBAR

Giles # 1

SERAMPORE

Giles # 1

POSTAL HISTORY OF HAND STRUCK STAMPS

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Post Paid / TRANQR Giles Type # 1 , Circa 1797-1808 ( Usage before 1815 )Entire from Danish Sett to French Sett ( Pondicherry ) in India

Giles # 1


TRANQUEBAR

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Giles # 2

Tranquebar Post not Paid Giles Type # 2Entire from Danish Sett to French Sett ( Pondicherry ) in India


CourtesyFrank Banke | Belguim

TRANQUEBAR

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Giles # 4

Tranquebar Paid Giles Type # 4Entire from Tranquebar to Calcutta ( British India )


By Permission ofJ Heddergot | Germany

TRANQUEBAR

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Tranquebar Bearing Giles Type # 5Entire from Tranquebar to Madras ( British India )

Giles # 5


By Permission ofJ Heddergot | Germany

TRANQUEBAR

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Tranquebar Paid Giles Type # 6Entire from Tranquebar to Madras ( British India )

Giles # 6

POSTAL HISTORY OF HAND STRUCK STAMPSTRANQUEBAR


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Entire from Serampore Giles # 1 to Gowhaty

Giles # 1

SERAMPORE


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INFORMATION ON DANISH SETTLEMENTS IN INDIA IS SKETCHY

The Encyclopediaof British EmpireStamps - VOL-IIIby Robson Lowe

India usedabroadby Jal cooper

India used abroadby Vispi Dastur

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DANISH SETTLEMENTS FALLS INTO FOUR DISTINCT PERIOD

1616-1801 / 02 DANISH PERIOD

1802-1814/15 WAR BETWEEN BRITISH AND DANISH EFFECT OF NAPOLEONIC WAR

1815-1845 DANISH PERIOD WITH BRITISH P.O. IN TRANQUEBAR ONLY

1845 onwards UNDER THE ADMINISTRATION OF BRITISH EAST INDIA COMPANY

IN 1802 NAPOLEON BONAPARTE BECAME THE FIRST CONSUL FOR LIFE AND IN 1804 TOOK THE TITLE OF EMPEROR OFFRANCE. NAPOLEON IN JULY 1798 DEFEATED THE MAMELUKES AT THE BATTLE OF THE PYRAMIDS.

HE HOPED TO MARCH ON AND CONQUER THE BRITISH INDIA.

DENMARK HAD SIDED WITH FRANCE IN THE NAPOLENIC WAR.

NAPOLEON WOULD HELP DENMARK LED TO THE WAR BETWEEN BRITISH AND DANES IN INDIA

DURING 1801/02 - 1814/15 DEFEAT OF NAPOLEON BY THE BRITISH AT THE BATTLE OF NILE PREVENTED HIM TO ATTACK BRITISH INDIA

PRELIMINARY HISTORY | FRENCH RELATION

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REMOVAL OF BRITISH MILITARY

I am directed to acquaint you that orders have been given to the Military Board for removing from Tranquebar

the British Ordnance and stores now at that station.

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AUTHOR HAS ACQUIRED SEVERAL AUTHENTIC DOCUMENTS / CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN THE BRITISH AUTHORITIES IN FORT ST. GEORGE AND DANISH AUTHORITIES IN TRANQUEBAR,

ABOUT THE RE-ESTABLISHMENT OF POSTAL SERVICES AT THE END OF 1801-1814 WAR.

THIS PRESENTATION IS CONCERNED WITH THE PERIOD 1801/02 - 1814/15

Parat # 2, Your arrangement for re-establishing a British Post Office at Tranquebar has been approved and communicated to the Post Master General. He has desired to report the usage, formerly observed in regard to the Payment of Postage by

the Danish Government whose dispatches will post free, pending the expense to the Records of his office.

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To.The British CommissionersTranquebar

Gentlemen,ndPara 1 I am directed by the Right Honorable the Governor in Council to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 22 Ultimo.

2 Your arrangement for re-establishing a British Post Office at Tranquebar has been approved and communicated to the Post Master General. He has desired to report the usage, formerly observed in regard to the Payment of Postage by the Danish Government whose dispatches will post free, pending the expense to the Records of his office.

3 You will ascertain sentiments of the Danish Commissioners respecting the mode of adjusting Accounts between the two governments, and you will submit the result with your own observations for the considerations of the Governor in Council.

I have the honor to beGentlemen

Fort St. George Your most obedient Servantth13 October 1815 /Signed/ G. Strachy

Chief SecPolitical Department

THIS PRESENTATION IS CONCERNED WITH THE PERIOD 1801/02 - 1814/15

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ESTABLISHMENT OF “FREE POSTAL” SERVICE

....that all letters franked by his Excellency the Governor of Tranquebar shall be exempt from postage.

The Governor in Council considers it unnecessary to extend this privilege to the other members of the Danish Govt.

....that the necessary orders have been issued at this office.for allowing ( for the present ) dispatches of

Danish Government of Tranquebar to post free of postage.

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TRANQUEBARFREE TRANQUEBARFREE

UN-RECORDED EXAMPLEEvidence of Post free service, Dt : 17 January, 1848

Late usage Proves that the Privilege was available even after 1845. Perhaps extended up to 1869 until the Danish made the final exit from Nicobar Island ( Frederiksorene).

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S.1. That the Possessions belonging to the Government of India and now accepted by his Majesty's Forces are to be restored to that power in the same state in which they were when taken possession of.

S.2. That all the archives of the Danish Government, artilleries, arms and military stores, horses, and in that all property of His Danish Majesty except such Provisions as may have been consumed by His Majestys Forces, or used for the public service are to be restored.

S.3. That, ships of war and merchants' valuable belonging to His Danish Majesty, or to his subjects, between the parts or neighboring seas of the several settlements, are also to be restored in the same state in which they were when taken possession of.

S.4. That with regard to revenues there of, whatever sum may have been received, during the times said settlements may have been in the possession of His Majestys army shall be accounted for the Danish Government with the exception of such disbursement for the public service as have here to fore been customarily deployed out of the public funds.

The manner proposed in the note for the final adjustment at the restitution of Tranquebar.Paragraphs here under which are extracts from the instructions issued in the same year by the

British Government to the governor General in India Marques Wellesley as follows :

RESTITUTION OF TRANQUEBAR

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EVENTUALLY, THE DANISH SETTLEMENTS WERE SOLD TO BRITISH BETWEEN 1839 - 1845FOR RUPEES 12Ω Lacs ( RS. 1.25 MILLION).

HISTORY OF SALE OF DANISH SETTLEMENTS - CRONOLOGY

THEREAFTER THE FORMER DANISH SETTLEMENTS WERE ADMINISTERED BY THE BRITISH EAST INDIA COMPANY

THUS, THE HISTORY OF DANISH SETTLEMENTS IN INDIA ENDED BETWEEN 1845 AND 1869.

END OF DANISH SETTLEMENTS

SERAMPORE 1839

TRANQUEBAR 7 NOVEMBER, 1845

FREDERIKSNAGORE 11 OCTOBER, 1845

NICOBAR ISLAND BETWEEN 1848 - 69 ( ABANDONED AND TAKEN OVER BY BRITISH )

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danish settlements in india - rocky mountain stamp sho · that, ships of war and merchants'...

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