daniel ranc network & services management group leader ...agirs/nm-global-v1.01.pdf ·...
TRANSCRIPT
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introduction
Network Management: an introduction
Daniel RancNetwork & Services Management Group
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introduction 2
Course overview
• Introduction• TMN Architecture• TMN Information• Management protocols
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introduction 3
Course overview
• Introduction• TMN Architecture• TMN Information• Management protocols
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introduction 4
Introduction to Network
Management
• What is the subject?• The models• The standards• The definitions• Why manage networks?• PDH example• TMN Management• pointers
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introduction 5
What is Network Management
all about?
• A metaphor: the enterprise business layers
Strategical
Services
Tactical
Execution
Definition of enterprisegoals and business model
marketing, definition ofservices and workflows
order management,workflow execution
order execution
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introduction 6
What is Network Management
all about?
• Using the metaphor:– Business Management Layer– Service Management Layer– Network Management Layer– Element Management Layer
As defined bystandards
Definition proposal 1: activity of deployment,analysis, monitoring and control ofNetwork Resources
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introduction 7
Network Management models
• Needed to simplify a complex universe• models are orthogonal e.g. adopt different
perspectives• concepts related to ODP viewpoints :
– functional model• description of activity classes
– informational model• specification of managed information
– architectural model• definition of management building blocs
– communication model• specification of the communication infrastructure
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introduction 8
A world of standards
• The main ones:– ISO– ITU-T– ETSI– TINA– TMF– OMG
• Our perspective: the Operator ’s =Telecommunication Management Network(TMN)
• Standards define a framework with some prescriptive aspects
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introduction 9
First definitions
• Definition proposal 2: to configure, maintainand exploit networks from the distance
• Functionally, 5 areas:– F = Fault– C = Configuration– A = Accounting– P = Performance– S = Security
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introduction 10
Why manage networks?
• Networks Business Model– Deliver bandwidth
• on time• contracted quality
– lost paquets, availability– SLA
– For the new services• low jitter• no world wide wait
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introduction 11
Main properties
• Involves Distribution• Involves Complexity• Is Costly
– up to 30% of total network cost
• Is not optimal– industrial products still in loom
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introduction 12
PDH example
• in this case management• requires only few operations, mainly « provisioning »
• C, F and P
• can live with proprietary protocols• that are mainly of tabular nature• (US: TL/1)
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introduction 13
PDH example
• Transmitted values are:– in one block– semantically at the level of machine registers– analogy to assembler programming
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introduction 14
PDH example
– opérations performed locally (craft terminal) or from the distance
– management software is equipment-specific
PDH
Craft terminalCentralized management
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introduction 15
TMN management
• Yet another definition:– architectural, technical and functional paradigm
characterized by consistency and large functional scope,– realizing network management from an Open Systems
point of view.
…Gödel law...
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introduction 16
TMN management
arch
itect
ure
functional
prot
ocol
s
F C A P S
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introduction 17
TMN management
• Active organizations: ITU-T (ex CCITT), ETSI, EURESCOM, NMF, OMG, …
• attempt to circumvent the limitations of proprietarytechnologies
• management of complex flexible equipment• FCAPS complete• deployed today• market: WAN, high bandwidth backbones• technologies: SDH, ATM, mobiles, submarine cables,
WDM
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introduction 18
Network Management Rationale
• High Information Technology cost• Mandatory• Complex• Multiple technologies & protocols• Main question:
How to keep things running ?
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introduction 19
Some pointers
• Books:– our book :-)– Network Management, Stallings– the ICM book:
www.ee.ucl.ac.uk/~dgriffin/papers/book/icmbook.html
• Web resources– all vendors (HP, Sun, IBM, Cisco, Alcatel........)– other links:
• webbin ’CMIP: www.misa.zurich.ibm.com/webbin• Festor ’s links: www.loria.fr/~festor/NM-index.html• TINA: www.tinac.org• ETSI: www.etsi.fr/tmn• OMG: www.omg.org• TMF: www.nmf.org
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introduction 20
Any questions?
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introduction 21
Course overview
• Introduction• TMN Architecture• TMN Information• Management protocols
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introduction 22
– Network-TMN relationship– TMN functions– architectural requirements– functional architecture– reference points– management information– agents, managers, the frame– shared management knowledge– management layers
plan
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introduction 23
• TMN independant of managed network• it may use the managed network (e.g. SDH, ATM)
OperationsSystem
OperationsSystem
OperationsSystem
Data Communication Network (DCN)Workstation
Telecommunication Network
ExchangeTransmissionSystem
Exchange TransmissionSystem
Exchange
TMN
Network-TMN relationship
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introduction 24
• Management environment– a generic model for a heterogeneous network– distributed by nature– uses OSI services– object orientation
• large functional scope– X.700 standard defines the functional domains: Fault,
Configuration, Accounting, Performance, Security
FCAPS
TMN functions
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introduction 25
• The activity to manage network failures– alarm notification– manager action– repair
Fault management
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introduction 26
• The activity to configure and maintain network equipments
• Two kinds of life cycle– long term
• VPN– short term
• VPN,,,,,,
Configuration management
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introduction 27
• The activity to manage and calculate the users ’s account
• traditional telcom specialiity• Emerging « flat rate » paradigm
Accounting Management
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introduction 28
• The activity of summarizing the network ’savailability
• Not for speed• Statistics on:
– lost packets– lost seconds– lost milliseconds– lost microseconds– lost nanoseconds– lost picoseconds– lost …seconds
Performance Management
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introduction 29
• Defining – access control– functional control
• Network Access Domain (NAD)• Function Access Domain (FAD)
• Never implemented– why?
Security Management
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introduction 30
– Distributed software, heterogeneous implementations– network = distributed heterogeneous resources– cooperative structure of distributed functions– technology lifecycle– reliability, security– client or 3rd party access– hihgly competitive market– inter TMN cooperation– time to market constraints
Architectural requirements for
TMN
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introduction 31
Cisco 6000 Enterasys 3000
Perf.Fault InTelMotorola
Distribution
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introduction 32
OSF
WSF
MF
QAF NEF
TMN
• Operations Systems Function• Workstation Function• Mediation Function• Network Element Function• Q Adaptor Function
Functional architecture of TMN
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introduction 33
• Operations systems function• realizes the FCAPS and TMN management
• Workstation function• interprets management information for the user
interface + user interface (out of TMN)
• Network Element Function• managed entity - access to managed resources (out of
TMN)
• Mediation function, Q adaptator function• information shift or adaptation
Functional architecture of TMN
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introduction 34
• Why Reference Points?– Unique means to define
• information exchange• functional exchange
– between components of Network Management
• Reference Points Specifications are the basicsfor:
Open Systems
TMN reference points
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introduction 35
• Define the interfaces between functional blocs• 3 classes of RPs:
– q bet. OSF, QAF, MF, NEF• qx:NEF-MF, QAF-MF, MF-MF• q3: NEF-OSF, QAF-OSF, MF-OSF, OSF-OSF
– f bet. OSF-WSF– x: bet. OSFs of different TMNs
• minor classes:– g: WSF-user, m: QAF-non TMN entities
TMN reference points
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introduction 36
NEF MF OSF WSF
QAF
TMN
x
m
q
q q f g
TMN reference points
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introduction 37
• Two points of view:– management information specifications = information
models (static)• abstract view of managed resources• relies on functional blocs
– information exchange (dynamic)• OSI stacks
Management information
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introduction 38
• Object orientation– information models built from managed objects
• Managed Object Classes (MOCs)– MOCs = conceptual views of resources– MOCs = true objects
• attributes, inheritance, actions/operations, behaviour, notifications (=messages)
– specified in GDMO language (Guidelines for Definitionof Managed Objects)
Management information
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introduction 39
• Management processes are either:– managers– agents
manager
requests
notifications
Management system Managed system
agent
Managed objects
Manager, agent roles
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introduction 40
TMN
Managed resources
managed objectsmanaged information base
Management system
Q3 interface
agent
Conceptualviewincludingmanagedresources
The frame
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introduction 41
MIB
A M
resource
M A
CMIP CMIP
CMIS
info model Bsystem A system B system Cinfo model C
sees sees
Cascading interaction
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introduction 42
• Between agents and managers to support:• specs. of protocols, functionalities, supported MOCs,
existing instances, naming relations
MIB
AM
system A system B
Shared management
knowledge
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introduction 43
TMNOperations Systems
Data Communication Network
Mediation Device
work-station
Data Communication Network
Qadapter
NetworkElement
Qadapter
NetworkElement
X/F/Q3
FX
Q3/F
Qx
Qx Qx
Q3Q3
Physical architecture of the
TMN
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introduction 44
OS
OS
OS
OS
MF
NE
Business Management Layer
Service Management Layer
Network Management Layer
Element Management Layer
Network Element Layer
Q3
Q3
Q3
QX
QX
Physical architecture of the
TMN
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introduction 45
• Simple Network Management Protocol• IETF standard• defines the protocol, the MIB, the Structure of
Managed Information– simplified TMN– tables, not classes– ASN.1 types– primitives GET, SET, TRAP– LAN oriented but…
• de facto success
And SNMP ??
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introduction 46
• The TMN architecture is:• open
– in the sense of Open Systems– in the sense of incompleteness
• complex– necessarily– eliminates the small players
• some questions…– transactions, security, SML, BML, – info model mapping, compilation vs. Interpretation– F, X interfaces
Conclusions
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introduction 47
Any questions?
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introduction 48
Course overview
• Introduction• TMN Architecture• TMN Information• Management protocols
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introduction 50
Network Management
information
• Object oriented concepts: reminder• information model• the GDMO language• ASN.1 syntaxes
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introduction 51
Object oriented concepts:
reminder
class
instance
class
classinheritanceallomorphism
instanciation
encapsulation
attributes
methods
interface
behaviour
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introduction 52
Object oriented concepts:
reminder
• Inheritance flavours
Generic car4 wheels
Sports car, bigengine
Truck, big payload
specialisation
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introduction 53
Object oriented concepts:
reminder
• Inheritance flavours
Generic car4 wheels
Car with automaticgearbox
Truck, big payload
extension
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introduction 54
Notion of information model/1
• Management information circulating betweenmanager and agents
• composed of Managed Objects :– abstracting managed resources– accessed by the manager: the real resource remains
hidden– MOs are composed of packages
• attributes, operations, notifications, behaviour– an info model is a set of MOs– info models for EML, NML
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introduction 55
Notion of information model/2
• Encapsulation• hides and protects the inside of the object• access through messages• internal operations hidden
• Attributes• have a value that may be structured• carried by an ASN.1 syntax• are accessed by operations on the object
• The behaviour defines:• semantics of attributes, operations• operation pre- and postconditions• constants
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introduction 56
Notion of information model/3
• Inheritance– in GDMO, inheritance by extension– all properties of the superclass unchanged– multiple inheritance ok
top
system discriminator logRecord
alarmRecord
eventForwardingDiscriminator
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introduction 57
Notion of information model/4
• Naming, containment– a MO instance may contain other Mos– useful to model real containment
• rack/card• directory/files/records
– defined by the name binding template
• Naming tree– set of all naming relationships of the MIB– each instance has a name derived by its place in the
tree– dynamicity: MO life cycle
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introduction 58
Notion of information model/5
root
system
log
alarmRecord
eventForwardingDiscriminator
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introduction 59
Notion of information model/6
• Structure of names– identification of MOCs: registration tree
• object identifier (OID) - ASN.1• sequence of integers representing the trail from the
root til the class– identification of instances: Distinguishedt Name
• based on Attribute Value Assertions (AVAs)• exemple: (localValue = 34)• the AVA names the instance at its level of the tree,
Relative Distinguished Name (RDN)• the full chain of AVAs is the Full Distinguished Name
(FDN)
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introduction 60
Notion of information model/7
• Three trees:– inheritance– containment– registration
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introduction 61
Notion of information model/8
system
log
alarmRecord
eventForwardingDiscriminator
(systemId = «BDC»)
(logId = «SMK») (EFDId = «a»)
(alarmRecordId = «5»)
FDN of this alarmRecord: { (systemId = «BDC»), (logId = «SMK»), (alarmRecordId = «5») }
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introduction 62
GDMO /1
• specification langage for MOCs• Guidelines for the Definition of Managed
Objects• general properties:
– OO– ASN.1 macros (cf.)– base structures: templates
• classes• attribute sets: packages• attributes• naming links• actions
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introduction 63
GDMO /2
• Managed Object Class:
<class name> MANAGED OBJECT CLASSDERIVED FROM <class name> ;CHARACTERIZED BY <package name> ;BEHAVIOUR DEFINED AS ... ;ATTRIBUTES <attribute name> {GET|SET|REPLACE};;;;
REGISTERED AS <object identifier>;
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introduction 64
GDMO /3
a real MOC
subNetwork MANAGED OBJECT CLASSDERIVED FROM top;CHARACTERIZED BY
createDeleteNotificationPackage,attributeValueChangeNotificationPackage PACKAGE;
BEHAVIOUR DEFINED AS...ATTRIBUTES
signalType GET;subNetworkId GET;containedSubnetWorkList GET;
ACTIONSaddToSubNetworkConnections;deleteFromSubNetworkConnections;
;;;REGISTERED AS { etsi ObjectClass 6 };
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introduction 65
GDMO/4 - PACKAGE template
• Syntaxic container
serviceStatePackage PACKAGEATTRIBUTES
administrativeState GET-REPLACE,availabilityStatus GET-REPLACE,controlStatus GET-REPLACE,operationalState GET,usageState GET;
REGISTERERED AS { etsi Package 45 };
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introduction 66
GDMO/5 - NAME BINDING
template
<name-binding name> NAME BINDINGSUBORDINATE OBJECT CLASS <class name>NAMED BY SUPERIOR OBJECT CLASS <class name>WITH ATTRIBUTE <attribute name>
REGISTERED AS <object id>;
subNetwork-network NAME BINDINGSUBORDINATE OBJECT CLASS subNetwork AND SUBCLASSES;NAMED BY SUPERIOR OBJECT CLASS network AND SUBCLASSES;WITH ATTRIBUTE subNetworkId;
REGISTERED AS { etsi NameBinding 23 };
subNetwork-subNetwork NAME BINDINGSUBORDINATE OBJECT CLASS subNetwork AND SUBCLASSES;NAMED BY SUPERIOR OBJECT CLASS subNetwork AND SUBCLASSES;WITH ATTRIBUTE subNetworkId;
REGISTERED AS { etsi NameBinding 24 };
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introduction 67
GDMO/6 - ATTRIBUTE template
<attribute name> ATTRIBUTEWITH ATTRIBUTE SYNTAX <syntax reference>;[MATCHES FOR { EQUALITY|ORDERING|SUBSTRINGS|SET-COMPARISON|SET-INTERSECTION }[BEHAVIOUR ...;][PARAMETERS ...;]
REGISTERED AS <object id>;
subNetworkId ATTRIBUTEWITH ATTRIBUTE SYNTAX NA4ASN.1.NameType;MATCHES FOR EQUALITY;BEHAVIOUR
subNetworkIdBehaviour BEHAVIOURDEFINED AS «The subnetworkId is an attribute type whose distinguished value can be used as an RDN whennaming an instance of the subNetwork object class»;;
REGISTERED AS { etsi attribute 45 };
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introduction 68
ASN.1/1
• Abstract Syntax Notation One• the end of the communication chain
– value transport by OSI stack– abstract syntax = independant of:
• implementation langage• processor• each application has its coding/decoding to/from
ASN.1 which is common esperanto…marshalling/unmarshalling
– simple types : INTEGER, BOOLEAN, REAL, OCTET STRING...
– construted types: SEQUENCE, SET, CHOICE...
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introduction 69
ASN.1/2
MulticastUnidirectional ::= SEQUENCE {fromNWTPs SET OF ObjectInstance,toNWTPs SET OF ObjectInstance
}
Directionality ::= CHOICE {simpleUnidirectional[0],simpleBidirectional [1],multicastUnidirectional [2],conferenceAll [3],broadcast [4],ptoMultipoint [5]
}
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introduction 70
Software engineering of TMN
classesC++
classesC++
librairiesframework
programmerclassesC++
objects
objects
objetcs
LINK
specs GDMO
specs ASN.1
compilerGDMO
compilerASN.1
compilerC++
compilerC++
compilerC++
agent+manager
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introduction 71
Any questions?
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introduction 72
Course overview
• Introduction• TMN Architecture• TMN Information• Management protocols
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introduction 73
Daniel RancNetwork & Services Management Group
Protocols in Network Management
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introduction 74
Protocols in NM
• CMIS/P ITU-T• SNMP IETF• comparison
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introduction 75
Protocols in NM
• CMIS/P ITU-T• SNMP IETF• comparison
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introduction 76
CMIS/P rationale
• Common Management Information Services/Protocol
• To solve the limitations of SNMP• Layer 7 specifications• Requires ROSE, ACSE services• Serves a Systems Management Application
Entity (SMAE)• Transport of management information
– defined by information models in GDMO– carried by ASN.1 structures
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introduction 77
CMIS/P properties
• General invocation:
<primitive> (fdn, oid, type, scope, filter);
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introduction 78
CMIS/P properties
• General invocation:
<primitive> (fdn, oid, type, scope, filter);
getsetcreatedeleteaction
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introduction 79
CMIS/P properties
• General invocation:
<primitive> (fdn, oid, type, scope, filter);
getsetcreatedeleteaction
Fulldistinguishedname
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introduction 80
CMIS/P properties
• General invocation:
<primitive> (fdn, oid, type, scope, filter);
getsetcreatedeleteaction
Fulldistinguishedname
ObjectIdentifier
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introduction 81
CMIS/P properties
• General invocation:
<primitive> (fdn, oid, type, scope, filter);
getsetcreatedeleteaction
Fulldistinguishedname
ObjectIdentifier
best effort/transactional
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introduction 82
CMIS/P properties
• General invocation:
<primitive> (fdn, oid, type, scope, filter);
getsetcreatedeleteaction
Fulldistinguishedname
ObjectIdentifier
best effort/transactional
Depthin MIB tree
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introduction 83
CMIS/P properties
• General invocation:
<primitive> (fdn, oid, type, scope, filter);
getsetcreatedeleteaction
Fulldistinguishedname
ObjectIdentifier
best effort/transactional
Depthin MIB tree
Conditionson object
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introduction 84
CMIP scope
• Depth of request execution
Scope = 2
Starting point
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introduction 85
CMIP scope
• Depth of request execution
Scope = 2
Starting point
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introduction 86
CMIP filter
• Conditions on any object property
Starting point
filter = « AdministrativeState = none »,scope = any
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introduction 87
CMIP filter
• Conditions on any object property
Starting point
filter = « AdministrativeState = none »,scope = any
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introduction 88
CMIP evaluation
• Advantages– many results possible in one request– transactional on 1 request basis– full TMN GDMO support– uses OSI stack
• Drawbacks– transactional on 1 request basis– complexity, important learning curve– uses OSI stack– industrial tools heavy & cumbersome
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introduction 89
CMIP tool example: XMP/XOM
• XMP/XOM : programming standards for CMIP byX/Open consortium– XMP: Management Processing– XOM: Object Management
• Implementation: HP OpenView– highly cumbersome– learning curve– cost
• Alternative: TMN++– C++ image of CMIP– TMF, few implementations
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introduction 90
CMIP tool example: XMP/XOM
• Example of set action
Process space XOM spaceManaged system
Set(toto,oid, Value = 2);
ASN.1mapping
XMP handling
Managing system
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introduction 91
Protocols in NM
• CMIS/P ITU-T• SNMP IETF• comparison
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introduction 92
SNMP rationale
• Simple Network Management Protocol - IETF• To solve rapidly, with a transient solution by
tinkering , management problems (1986), whileITU-T will provide the absolute perfect solution
• 0 learning curve• Classical protocol scheme over UDP
Small but beautiful
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introduction 93
SNMP properties
• General invocation:
<primitive> (oid, value);
getset Object
Identifier
+ trap
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introduction 94
SNMP properties
• Flat information model– no OO– no containment– no create, delete = static MIBs– not GDMO, but Simple Management Interface (SMI)
language– static objects defined by OIDs of IETF specs– full use of ASN.1
• Many IETF MIBs– MIB II– RMON– …. (RFCs)
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introduction 95
SNMP tool example: JMX
• Sun ’s Java Management eXtensions specifications: JMX
• Implementations by Sun, AdventNet, IBM/Taligent– Providing a ful OO view on SNMP– dynamic protocol adaptation– mibgen skeleton compiler
• SNMP get : class.get(Oid) method
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introduction 96
Protocols in NM
• CMIS/P ITU-T• SNMP IETF• comparison
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introduction 97
CMIP/SNMP comparison
CMIP SNMPlearning curve 0 +++power +++ +OO +++ 0access asynchronous synchronousdynamicity +++ 0penetration + +++security ACSE/ROSE UDPnotifications +++ trapunderstanding 0 +++
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introduction 98
Any questions?