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FAST GAS C HROMATOGRAPH GC

FAST GAS CHROMATOGRAPH GC

Nowadays, the enormous growth of the number of samples to be analyzed per day is

challenging the laboratories worldwide. Hence, the more stringent analytical

requirements demand to speed up the gas chromatographic analyses.

Fast GC is the most valuable analytical approach to address modern laboratories' demands

to significantly enhance sample throughput, while reducing operational costs per sample

and obtaining the results in an attractive shorter time.

The MASTER GC delivers unsurpassed analytical capabilities meeting today's laboratories

productivity requirements. The versatile and flexible MASTER GC is uniquely designed to

perform conventional and fast gas chromatographic analyses fulfilling the demands of

routine and research analyses over a variety of industries and applications such as

environmental, agriculture, food and beverage, flavor and fragrance, petrochemical, and

pharmaceuticals among others.

The system can be equipped with an array of inlet systems and a wide selection of

detectors, suitable for conventional and Fast GC analyses. The system integrates leading-

edge technology with total system control delivering outstanding reliability, repeatability,

and performance.

In combination with the MASTER AS Liquid Autosampler, the MASTER GC offers complete

automation of all operation steps, providing increased sample throughput and optimized

vial processing to achieve maximum system productivity. The analytical precision is further

increased through an extremely flexible handling of standard solutions.

A touchscreen display permits the total control of the MASTER GC and MASTER AS,

providing also the quick and easy set up of all operating parameters. Moreover, the system TM

can be fully controlled by the simple and effective Clarity Chromatography Station,

starting from sampling to acquisition, data processing, and reporting.

A Breakthrough in Fast GC Performance

ACCURACY AND PRECISION

HIGH PRODUCTIVITY

FLEXIBILITY AND UPGRADEABILITY

USER FRIENDLY INTERFACE

High Productivity

Productivity is, obviously, fundamental for laboratories with a high daily sample throughput. Therefore, the main goals to

achieve productivity are: faster analysis run times and higher performance, thus, significantly reducing laboratory operating

costs.

The use of automated instrumentation and Fast GC methods are the right approach for modern laboratories to enhance their

productivity, not only reducing the run times but also maintaining analytical accuracy and precision unaffected.

The primary goal of Fast GC is to maintain proper resolving power in shorter analysis run times by using adequate

instrumentation and analytical columns in combination with optimized method parameters. Analysis time can be drastically

reduced by using shorter analytical columns with narrower internal diameter and thinner stationary phase films, higher

carrier gas linear velocities, faster oven temperature programming and cooling rates. The MASTER GC features a maximum

heating rate of up to 140 °C/min and a typical cooling time of 4 min. The system, equipped with narrow bore Fast GC columns

of 50-100 mm I.D., permits shorter analysis times to be achieved without compromising chromatographic resolution.

0

50

100

150

Voltage [

mV]

5 10 15

Time

150

200

350

400

Voltage [

mV]

1 2 3 4

Time

Resolution

R=1.249

Resolution

R=1.995

Conventional and Fast GC analyses of a 20

PCB congeners mixture. In Fast GC

significant analysis time reduction is

achieved preserving satisfactory resolution.

20 min

5 min

Unlike Ultrafast GC systems, which are equipped with a dedicated and expensive column device, the MASTER GC can be

operated in Fast GC without any hardware modification and hence keeping column integrity unaffected.

The MASTER GC can be combined to a wide range of autosamplers. When the MASTER GC is equipped with the MASTER AS,

complete automation of all operation steps is delivered, including standard addition. Up to 160 samples can be run

sequentially and unattended with enhanced sampling precision and accuracy, providing increased sample throughput.

The signal-to-noise ratio of 2,2',5'-trichlorobiphenyl in the Fast GC

application is about 480.275 (split 1:50), while in the conventional GC

application it is 161.128 (split 1:10), indicating increased sensitivity in

Fast GC.

0

20

40

60

Voltage [

mV]

0 2 4 6 8 10

Time [min]

0

5

10

15

Sig

nal

S/N = 161.128

P = 0.040 min

CONVENTIONAL GC

30 m columnacq. rate 25 Hz

0

5

10

15

Sig

nal

S/N = 480.275

P = 0.023 min

FAST GC

10 m columnacq. rate 100 Hz

In addition to improved efficiency, narrow bore columns combined with faster GC oven temperature programming generate

sharper peaks with typical peak widths of 0.5 seconds or less. Sharper peaks result in higher signals and greater signal-to-

noise ratios, therefore increasing sensitivity.

Accuracy and Precision

Unparalleled chromatographic accuracy and precision are guaranteed by the patented Digital Flow Control (DFC). The DFC,

along with the optimal control of the oven temperature, assures outstanding retention time repeatability, unprecedented for

all chromatographic measurements. The DFC allows the MASTER GC to be operated in five different modes: constant or

programmed flow, constant or programmed pressure, or constant linear velocity. The pulsed injection mode is also available,

allowing improved sample transfer into the analytical column, and therefore enhanced sensitivity and repeatability.

Furthermore, the DFC automatically adjusts the carrier gas flow to compensate for ambient temperature and pressure,

providing constant retention times and enhanced repeatability and robustness.

Conventional GC

Fast GC

T (min)R

7.934

2.1896

SD

0.0006

0.0005

C16 C28

T (min)R

18.4721

5.549

SD

0.0009

0.0009

Fast GC chromatogram of a hydrocarbon series ranging from C16

to C38. Excellent retention time repeatability is assured by the

patented DFC in Fast and conventional GC analyses.3 4 5 6 7Time [min]

C16 C18 C20 C22

C24 C26

C28

C30

C32 C34

C36

C38

0

20

40

60

80

Voltage [

mV]

Flexibility and Upgradeability

The advanced modular design of the MASTER GC components features outstanding flexibility and upgradeability. Any GC

configuration can be easily modified or upgraded.

The MASTER GC allows the easy assembly of a complete range of injectors, including Split/Splitless (SL/IN), Programmable

Temperature Vaporizer (PTV), and Packed (PK) injectors. Up to three injection systems can be installed simultaneously.

Split/Splitless Injector - SL/IN

Packed Injector - PK

The most popular GC injector features an outstanding design and thanks to the patented DFC provides excellent precision in

split, splitless, and pulsed injection modes of operation. In addition, the post-injection carrier gas save mode is a valuable cost

saving feature. To fulfill the users' analytical needs a series of liner types are available, including liners suitable for SPME

analysis.

The sample can be directly introduced into packed or wide bore columns. A flexible injector for affordable solutions.

The MASTER GC also features a wide selection of detectors compatible with Fast GC applications, such as Flame Ionization

Detector (FID), Electron Capture Detector (ECD), Nitrogen-Phosphorus Detector (NPD), Flame Photometric Detector (FPD),

and the MASTER TOF-MS Time of Flight Mass Spectrometer. Further detection systems dedicated to conventional analyses

are: Photo Ionization Detector (PID), Thermal Conductivity Detector (TCD), Micro TCD (µTCD), and Pulsed Discharged

Detector (PDD).

The possibility to simultaneously use up to three detectors delivers exceptional flexibility and expands the system

capabilities.

The proprietary PTV is particularly suggested when high

sample integrity is requested. The sample is introduced by

cold injection followed by vaporization eliminating possible

sample discrimination or degradation.

The PTV achieves extremely fast heating rates of up to

1,000°C/min and rapid cool down with ambient air.

Cryogenic cooling options using either CO2 or N2 are also

available for highly specific applications.

After injection, the PTV can be programmed to decrease the split flow and save carrier gas. Moreover, the DFC adjusts

the carrier gas flow providing ambient temperature and pressure compensation. In addition, the injector septum is

purged by a constant flow to avoid carry-over effects.

The versatile PTV injector is Fast GC compatible and supports up to four injection techniques: split, splitless, solvent

split, or pulsed injection. Moreover, the dimensions of the standard PTV liner are ideal for direct SPME fiber

introduction and desorption, taking advantage of the injectors performance characteristics.

For specific applications requiring pre-concentration or refocusing of gaseous samples, liners filled with sorbent

materials are also available.

Programmable Temperature Vaporizer - PTV

Fast GC analysis requires rapid detection systems to handle the very narrow peaks, with a typical peak width of 0.5 seconds or

less, which are generated during each run. DANI offers a variety of detectors engineered to handle sharp peaks with fast

electronics. All detectors perform data acquisition rates of up to 300 Hz providing satisfactory information for correct peak

reconstruction, and therefore the reliable detection of sharp peaks. You can find the most appropriate detection system for

each sample.

The most used GC detection system measures the ions produced by organic compounds during combustion. It is extremely

sensitive with a wide dynamic range of seven orders of magnitude.

FID - Flame Ionization Detector

Fast Detectors

ECD - Electron Capture Detector

The first option for environmental measurements, offers excellent performance in the determination of PCBs, pesticides,

and other halogenated organic compounds.

Conventional vs. Fast GC: traditional run

time for typical PCBs analysis of 20 min is

reduced to 5 min utilizing a fast ramp rate

(35 °C/min) and a short 100 mm I.D.

column.

NPD - Nitrogen-Phosphorus Detector

FPD - Flame Photometric Detector

Due to its selective and sensitive response to nitrogen and/or phosphorous containing compounds, the system is commonly used to

detect pesticides, herbicides, and drugs of abuse.

Selectively detects compounds containing sulfur or phosphorus. Outstanding performances can be observed in the analysis of sulfur

compounds in natural gas and organophosphorous pesticides in agriculture, food, flavor and fragrance applications.

0 5 10 15 20

0

20

40

60

80

100

Voltage [

mV]

Time [min]

1

2

3

45

6

7 8

910

11

12

13

14

1617

15

18

19

20

0 1 2 3 5

0

10

20

30

40

Voltage [

mV]

Time [min]

4

1

2

3

45

6

7

8

9 10 11

12

13

14

16 17

15

18 19

20

1) 2,4,5,6-tetrachloro-m-xylene (S.S)

2) 2,3-dichlrobiphenyl

3) 2,2',5‘-trichlorobiphenyl

4) 2,4',5-trichlorobiphenyl

5) 2,2',5,5‘-tetrachlorobiphenyl

6) 2,2',3,5‘-tetrachlorobiphenyl

7) 2,3',4,4‘-tetrachlorobiphenyl

8) 2,2',4,5,5‘-pentachlorobiphenyl

9) 2,2',3,4,5‘-pentachlorobiphenyl

10) 2,3,3',4',6-pentachlorobiphenyl

11) 2,2',3,5,5',6-hexachlorobiphenyl

12) 2,2',4,4',5,5‘-hexachlorobiphenyl

13) 2,2',3,4,5,5‘-hexachlorobiphenyl

14) 2,2',3,4,4',5‘-hexachlorobiphenyl

15) 2,2',3,4',5,5',6-heptachlorobiphenyl

16) 2,2',3,4,4',5',6-heptachlorobiphenyl

17) 2,2',3,4,4',5,5‘-heptachlorobiphenyl

18) 2,2',3,3',4,4',5-heptachlorobiphenyl

19) 2,2',3,3',4,4',5,5',6-nonachlorobiphenyl

20) Decachlorobiphenyl (I.S.)

Determination of organophosphorous

pesticides in tangerine essential oil by means of

Fast GC-FPD: increased laboratory throughput

without losing sensitivity; MDLs of 0.05 ppb are

achieved.

MASTER TOF-MS Detector5

Performs fast acquisition rates (1,000 spectra/s) and wide linear dynamic range (10 ). In combination with the MASTER GC,

the system is the ideal solution for Fast GC and GCxGC analyses. In addition, the proprietary MASTER LAB software solution

is based on an innovative platform for acquiring and processing mass spectral data. Original deconvolution algorithms

capable to handle the large amount of information in a smart and effective way permit reliable identification of trace

compounds even in complex matrices.

1,5

Time [min]

2,0 2,5 3,0 3,5 4,0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Voltage [

mV]

dic

hlo

rvos

mevin

phos

eth

opro

p

meth

yl para

oxo

n

chlo

rpyrifo

s

tetr

ach

lorv

inphos

Unlike other commercially available fast gas chromatographs, the MASTER GC offers

guided diagnostics and maintenance procedures supporting the user in the

preservation of the systems precision. The outcomes can be monitored and

controlled through the touchscreen display.

For extra convenience, the MASTER GC is equipped with a lamp which can be used to

illuminate the oven, aiding in the installation of the column, especially when

multiple column configurations are

to be used.

Unlike built-in autosamplers, the extremely flexible MASTER AS features three

separate and removable 2-mL vial racks for a total capacity of 160 samples.

Furthermore, 10-mL and 20-mL vial racks are also available for a capacity of 65

samples. Screw, crimp, and snap top vials can be used according to the users' needs

and convenience. The autosampler has a capacity for up to five 10-mL solvent vials

and up to five 10-mL waste vials, presenting numerous solvent possibilities to

eliminate carry-over. Additionally, the sample trays are far from the GC oven,

preventing possible sample degradation and solvent evaporation caused by heat

exposure.

All injection parameters can be optimized according to the laboratory's needs, the

sample type, and the application. The MASTER AS allows the utilization of up to

seven different syringe capacity types ranging from 5 µL to 500 µL, offering a great

choice of injection volumes from 0.1 µL to 500 µL. The syringe can be easily

exchanged by using the Syringe Replacement function, which brings the Y axis of the

MASTER AS to a handy position.

The MASTER AS presents unmatched injection capabilities. The same vial can be

sampled up to 100 times and the sample can be introduced into three different

injectors without requiring autosampler re-alignment or any calibration procedure.

Autosamplers are responsible for the first steps of an analysis and can significantly increase result repeatability and extend

analytical capabilities. The MASTER AS Liquid Autosampler, a robotic X-Y-Z coordinate sampling system, delivers superior

flexibility, repeatability, and performance to increase sample throughput and meet each laboratory's changing workload.

The easy to use liquid autosampler is totally controlled through the MASTER GC touchscreen. Analysis can be performed

unattended by using the straightforward interface to set all parameters and the AS Sequences.

MASTER AS

User Friendly Interface

The MASTER GC incorporates an intuitive and easy to use touchscreen interface that provides quick and easy set up and TM

control. The system can also be software-controlled by the functional and user friendly CLARITY Chromatography Station.

Flexibility can be enhanced by the Internal Standard (I.S.)

addition procedure. To increase precision the MASTER AS

performs I.S. addition by withdrawing a preset volume of

the standard solution and separating it from the sample by

a small volume of air.

In addition, sample handling, solvent washing, and

injection parameters can be set to ensure maximum

precision and accuracy. Among these parameters are:

solvent and sample rinse volumes and number of rinses,

number of plunger strokes, sample taking height, sampling

and plunger injection speed, viscosity delay, pre and post

injection delay time, and injector needle depth.

The solvent rinses eliminate carry-over, the plunger

strokes guarantee precise injection volumes, the set up of variable needle depths allows small volumens and multi-phase

samplings.

Four different injection modes are displayed: Sample (standard

injection mode), Air Plug, Solvent Plug, and Internal Standard. The

system enables the combination of these modes to meet all

sampling requirements, while enhancing precision and

performance. The scheme of a syringe is shown on the

touchscreen display to better visualize the selected mode; each

mode is represented by a color.

Area RSD %

Conventional GC Fast GCCompound

0.04

0.03

0.03

0.05

0.05

0.06

0.03

0.03

0.11

0.06

0.13

0.09

C10

C20

C22

C24

C26

C28

C30

C32

C34

C36

C38

C40

0.23

0.16

0.14

0.18

0.17

0.21

0.22

0.23

0.23

0.27

0.28

0.21

Area RSD %

The excellent area repeatability is shown by the

extremely low RSD % values from ten injections in

conventional and Fast GC.

DANI offers complete solutions, including instrumentation, applications, supplies, and services, providing specialized Turn-

key Analyzers and Total Solutions to meet the most challenging analytical demands.

The flexibility and upgradeability featured by the MASTER GC easily support an array of custom configurations for special

applications. From the retrofit of a single gas sampling valve and a packed column to four-valve three-channel systems with

multiple columns. The Total Solutions include instrumentation, analytical method development, data processing, training,

supplies and services, aligning technology to the customers' needs.

Turn-key Analyzers and Total Solutions

DANI's extensive line of instruments, chromatography supplies, accessories, and columns are designed, manufactured, and

tested to help the most demanding analytical problems.

The MASTER GC can be equipped not only with up to three injectors and three detectors simultaneously, but it also features

the possibility to set up two auxiliary temperatures and three auxiliary pressures (one out of these is settable as auxiliary

flow), allowing the use of an extended number of external devices.

For extended application capabilities the MASTER GC can be also coupled with the automated sampling systems MASTER

DHS Dynamic Head Space Sampler, MASTER TD Thermal Desorber, and HSS 86.50 Headspace Sampler.

Auxiliary ovens, gas sampling and switching valves, methanizer, GC oven cryogenic cooling device, and other optional

devices make the MASTER GC the most suitable gas chromatograph for the development of complex analytical systems.

Two auxiliary ovens with different capacities are available to house valves and columns for specific multidimensional

applications.

For low level carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide detections the MASTER GC can be equipped with the methanizer to reach

the sensitivity level of the FID. The catalytic reduction of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide to methane through a Nickel

catalyzer permits their detection at levels below 1 ppm.

DANI offers an extended variety of columns for almost any chromatographic application, ranging from packed to

conventional and Fast GC capillary columns. A wide selection of non-polar, intermediate polarity, polar and chiral high-

quality stationary phases are available. Moreover, stationary phases dedicated to specific applications such as biodiesel,

polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, solvents, phosphorous pesticides, alkaline compounds, and saturated and unsaturated

triglycerides are also provided.

All the columns are engineered and tested to meet performance and robustness, featuring low bleed levels and outstanding

inertness.

Optionals and Accessories

TMThe CLARITY Chromatography Station provides full control of the MASTER GC and the MASTER AS and offers data

acquisition and processing. Drivers are also provided for a broad series of commercially available systems. The advanced

chromatography station is designed to control up to four instruments and to acquire and evaluate up to four signals from

each instrument simultaneously.

Complete Software Control

TMThe CLARITY user interface combines functionality with simplicity of use, offering instrument control and the intuitive

generation of data handling methods. The graphical interface includes self-explanatory icons and windows for quick

operation.

Data Acquisition and Processing

After the fast and easy method set up, data acquisition can be started. The acquisition method and the chromatogram are

displayed in real time. The software also enables the set up of sequences, batch processing, and automated actions directly

from the events table.TM

CLARITY algorithms enable to detect an unlimited number of peaks in each chromatogram and analysts can finely tune

their integration. Extensive integration parameters are available, such as peak width, threshold, tangent slope ratio etc.

A variety of quantification and calibration methods are also incorporated in the data module. External and internal standard

methods and six types of calibration curves are supported.TM

The graphical tools of CLARITY permit to display and overlay an unlimited number of chromatograms and to perform

operations like zooming, shifting, scaling etc.

Customized Reports

Analysis reports can be customized and stored as report files. Reports can be saved as templates and automatically

generated to improve the output of routine laboratories. Obtained data can be exported to various data formats.

Data and system validationTM

In addition, CLARITY offers the System Suitability Test (SST), a module designed to validate the chromatography system

based on the evaluation of acquired chromatograms that controls if certain components comply with selected parameters

(calibrated quantity, retention time, asymmetry etc.).

Protection of chromatographic data: to prevent unauthorized interventions the user accounts can be limited through access

rights and passwords.

Electronic signature: to assure traceability, data are stored with user name, date, time, and purpose of signature.

Audit Trail: to log all individual operations; operations may also be logged with chromatograms, calibrations, sequences, and

methods. The backward control is also allowed to easily analyze the conditions that may lead to errors or instabilities. The records

can also be exported to .txt and .cvs formats.

TMThe flexible and robust CLARITY software addresses the requirements of the FDA's directive 21 CFR Part 11 by delivering a series of

validation tools such as user access control, validation records, and audit trails.

The security and control of chromatographic data according to Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) and FDA Directive 21 CFR Part 11 are

guaranteed through the following dedicated tools:

Disclaimer

The contents of this brochure are for reference and illustrative purposes only. Information, descriptions and specifications in this publication are subject to change without

notice. DANI Instruments S.A. assumes no responsibility and will not be liable for any errors or omissions contained herein or for incidental, consequential damages or losses

in connection with the furnishing, performance or use of this material.

For a complete listing of our products visit www.danispa.it

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