Ufnvs!lfolfcbTwjmj!

kojris istoria

gamomcemloba `universali~

Tbilisi 2009

2

UDC (uak) 94(479.22-22)

k-405

es wigni moicavs kojris srul istorias. es aris naSromi,

romelSic moyvanilia am dabis istoria — Sua saukuneebidan

uaxles istoriamde. aRniSnul naSromSi ganxilulia rogorc

kojris istoria, ise toponimikuri da klimatur— profilaq-

tikuri Taviseburebebi. naSromi gankuTvnilia yvela saxis

mkiTxvelTaTvis, adamianTaTvis, romlebic dainteresebule-

bi arian Tbilisis Semogarenis istoriiT.

mTavari redaqtori: istoriis doqtori

andro gogolaZe

redaqtori: leila comaia

liziko qoCoraZe

© T. kenkebaSvili, 2009

gamomcemloba `universali~, 2009

Tbilisi, 0179, i. WavWavaZis gamz. 19, �: 22 36 09, 8(99) 17 22 30

E–mail: universal@internet.ge ISBN 978-9941-12-810-3

3

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4

Tbilisidan samxreT-dasavleTis mimarTule-

biT midis mixveul-moxveuli da aRmarTebiani mo-

asfaltebuli saavtomobilo gza, romelic, gas-

cildeba ra Tbilisis sagareubno saagarako adgi-

lebs — oqroyanas, Sindiss, tabaxmelas da sxv., sul

30 wuTis mgzavrobis Semdeg, migviyvans mTis klima-

tur kurort kojorSi (1300-1400 metri zRvis do-

nidan).

aRniSnuli gzatkeciliT manZili Tbilisidan

kojramde Seadgens 18 kilometrs, sacalfexo bi-

likiT ki, manZili 7 kilometria.1

saqarTvelos erT-erT SesaniSnav sakurorto

adgils — kojors — mravalsaukunovani da mdida-

ri movlenebiT aRsavse istoria aqvs. igi adminis-

traciulad didgoris raionSi Sedis. kojors, ad-

re, `koJori~ erqva. saxelwodeba `koJori~ rusuli

transkripciiT damkvidrda CvenSi 1800 wlidan.

toponimi `koJori~ Tavisi warmoSobiT ukavSirde-

ba koJos, rac kldis Txems niSnavs.

koJris cixe vulkanuri warmoSobis kldis

Txemzea daSenebuli, saxelwodebac aqedan momdi-

nareobs. Tumca, arsebobs gansxvavebuli mosazre-

bebic. saxelwodeba `kojori~ SeiZleba ukavSirde-

bodes sityvas `qoCori~, radgan Zveli kojris pla-

to dafaruli iyo tyeebiT da mogagonebdaT qo-

1 m. nodia. saqarTvelos kurortebi da sakurorto resurse-

bi. Tb. 1976. gv. 39.

5

Cors. mesame variantiT ki, `kojris~ amosavali un-

da veZeboT sityvaSi `koJora~ (dakoJrebuli), rac

axasiaTebs adgilis reliefs.

arsebobs meoTxe, yvelasgan gansxvavebuli va-

riantic. saxelwodeba kojori, etimologiuri

TvalsazrisiT, gvesaxeba orfuZian komprozitad.

pirveli fuZea sityva— ko, meore fuZea— jori. ko

saxelnacvali forma unda iyos sityvisa rko, rac

Zvel qarTulSi muxas aRniSnavda. jori saxelnac-

vali forma unda iyos sityvisa jvari. am saxis

cvlilebac qarTuli enis normebiT gamarTlebu-

lia. amrigad, sityva kojori, rogorc komproziti,

mniSvnelobiT igivea, rac muxajvari.

kojori anu muxajvari Tavdapirvelad salo-

cavi obieqtisa da adgilis saxeli unda yofiliyo,

xolo Semdeg ki saxelwodeba kojori, unda Serqme-

oda dasaxlebul punqts, dabas.

kojris, rogorc salocavi obieqtisa da adgi-

lis lokalizacias vaxdenT dRevandeli uZos far-

glebSi. yofis monacemebiT aSkara xdeba uZos, ro-

gorc salocavi adgilis winaqristianuli xasiaTi.

uZos mTaze muxnari yofila, risi naSTebi dResac

SemorCenilia. uZoze aris w.m. giorgis saxelobis

salocavi. w.m. giorgis kavSiri muxasTan saqarTve-

los sinamdvileSi dadgenil faqtad iTvleba.1

1 m. gegeSiZe. kojori. n. berZeniSvilisadmi miZRvnili krebu-

li. kavkasiis xalxaTa istoriis sakiTxebi. Tb. 1976. Ggv. 40.

6

`koJori~, `koJris cixe~, `koJris gza~ mraval

adrindel qarTul istoriul wyaroSia moxsenie-

buli.1

kojris platodan Tvalwin iSleba warmtaci

sanaxaoba: lisisa da kus tbebi, beTania da wyneTi,

saguramos mTebi, naxSirgora, WaRara kavkasioni,

Tavisi mudam Tovliani mwvervalebiT.

kojris dasavleT mxares, misgan ori km-is man-

Zilze, aRmarTulia Zveli cixe. am cixidan iSleba

saucxoo sanaxaoba: Tbilisi da misi midamoebi,

azerbaijanis mTebi, manglisis midamoebi da kumi-

sis tba.

kojris cixes me-15 saukunemde agaraTa cixe

erqva. rogorc cnobilia, tabaxmelas, wavkiss, Sin-

diss da kojors Zvelad agaraebi erqva. am agaraeb-

ze mniSvnelovani saqaravno gza gadioda. gasayarSi

Sendeboda cixe-simagre, romelsac agaraTa cixe-

simagre ewodeboda.2 kojris cixe daSenebulia

vulkanuri warmoSobis maRali mTis wverze, rac

mas warsulSi miudgomels xdida. qarTuli eposis

erT-erT SesaniSnav nimuSSi — `eTeriani~ — kojris

cixis miuvaloba xatovnad aris gadmocemuli:

1 m. jangiZe. kojori. gaz. `samgori~. Tb. 1960. gv. 2. 2 m.jangiZe. kojori. gaz. `Tbilisi~. 1960. 16. agvisto. gv:2.

7

`kojris Tavsa movla unda

mosarbensa orbisasa~

am cixes bevrjer ganucdia restavracia, mas

samxreT-aRmosavleTisa da samxreT-dasavleTis

mxridan mrgvali formis koSkebi hqonda, romlis

kedlebma dRemde nangrevebis saxiT moaRwia. sam-

xreT-aRmosavleT nawilSi aRmarTuli koSkis ked-

lebi Tlili qviTa da didi zomis kvadratuli

formis aguriTaa nagebi. meore koSki, romelic

qviTaa nagebi, ufro adrindeli unda iyos.

specialistebis azriT, kojris cixe XI s.-is

nagebobaTa ricxvs unda ekuTvnodes.

am cixe-simagres didi strategiuli mniSvne-

loba hqonda feodaluri saqarTvelosaTvis. igi

kveTda somxiT- sabraTianodan TbilisSi mimaval

erTaderT gzas. amitomac iyo, rom mas jerovan yu-

radRebas aqcevdnen qarTveli saxelmwifo mesveu-

rebi.

8

kojris cixe

9

kojris cixis istoriuli warsuli ZiriTad

xazebSi ase warmogvidgeba: agaraTa cixe XI s.-is 60-

ian wlebSi bagrat mefem ganZis patrons amira fad-

lons waarTva. `SuamdgomlobiTa da sityvaTa

sultanisaTa daezava bagrat da ganuteva fad-

lon da gagzavna saÃelmwifosa Tvissa~. cota

xnis Semdeg ganZis amira fadlonma es cixe isev

xelT igdo, `gatexna ficni da Suamdgomlobani

didisa sultanisani~, magram bagrat mefem sami

Tvis brZolis Semdeg kvlav aiRo igi da amira fad-

loni samagaliTod dasaja.1

`didi Turqobisas~ agaraTa cixe isev mtris

xelSi gadavida da mxolod 1118 wels aiRo daviT

aRmaSenebelma erTi dRis brZoliT. 2

1123 wels daviT aRmaSenebelma es cixe ivane

orbels uwyaloba.3

1177 wels agaraTa cixe demna batoniSvilisa

da ivane orbelis SeTqmulebis bude iyo. amave

wels giorgi mefem es cixe 25— iani alyis Semdeg ai-

Ro. amieridan agaraTa cixe giorgi mefisa da Tamar

mefis xelT iyo.4

1 n. berZeniSvili. Zveli Tbilisis toponimikidan. Jurn. `mi-

momxilveli~. 1951. #2. gv. 54. iv. javaxiSvili. qarTveli eris

istoria. t. II. Tb. 1965. gv:156-157. qarTlis cxovreba. e. Ta-

yaiSvilis red. tf. 1906. gv. 275. 2 n. berZeniSvili. dasax. naSromi. gv. 56. 3 iqve. 4 iqve.

10

Tamar mefem agaraTa cixeSi miiRo da 10 dRe

anebivra Sirvan Sahi da misi siZe amir— mirmani Sam-

qoris brZolis win.

Tamars Tavisma ymadnaficma SirvanSahma da

misma siZem amir-mirmanma daxmareba sTxoves adar-

badaganis mmarTvelis abu-baqris winaaRmdeg sab-

rZolvelad. amis Semdeg SirvanSahi da amir-mirmani

TbilisSi Camovidnen. Tbilisidan isini miwveulebi

iyvnen `Walasa agaraTasa~. (Walasa agaraTaSi unda

vigulisxmoT agaraTa cixe) `maSin movides amir-

mirmani faqlavandis Svili da aRsarTan Sarvan-

Sa yovlisa aranisa didebuliTa da hulamiTa~.

qarTvelebi sagangebod moemzadnen. `dadges Ãel-

mwifeni suesrulni da RmrTiv amobrwinvale-

bulni Walasa agaraTasa da pativismcemelTa ne-

bisyoflobisa maTisaTa awuivnes da moiwuivnes

didiTa zariTa da pativiTa dedofali rusudan

aqa~. qarTvelebma SirvanSahsa da amir-mirmans

grandiozuli daxvedra mouwyves agaraTa cixeSi.

`romelman saxelman, vismca gonebaman da enaman

aRmoTquvna qebani zarTa da didebisani, karavTa

sarafadaTa, koSkTa da filofatTani da Semkobi-

lebani beselisebrni gina solomonianni taZri-

sa RmrTisani~. 1

1 n. berZeniSvili. dasax. naSromi gv: 47— 51. iv. javaxiSvili.

dasax. naSromi. t. II. Tb. 1983. gv. 267. iv. SaiSmelaSvili. Sam-

qori, basiani. Tb. 1981. gv. 24— 25.

11

basili ezosmoZRvari ixseniebs agaraTa cixes,

sadac dasneulebuli Tamar mefe naxevari wliT Ta-

visi samefo amaliT dasaxlebula.1

Tamar mefe didebulTa da warCinebulTa Tan-

xlebiT, Turme, naWarmagevsa mdgara, rodesac `ga-

moaCnda seni gamaoÃrebeli Cueni, romeli dRi-

Ti-dRe damZimdeboda~. rom aravin Seewuxebina,

Tamari iTmenda, sanam senma ar sZlia. ra avadmyo-

foba iyo es seni, aRniSnuli ar aris. mematiane am-

bobs mxolod, rom `dedobrivman uZlurebaman

gangrZobilTa Sina mÃedrobaTa ara Tavs-idva Se-

umTxvevlad miSveba agebulebisa~-o. avadmyofi

Tamar mefe naWarmagevidan `wamoiyvanes kuboTa

tfiliss~, (kubo `ese ars qalTa da kacTa Casajdo-

meli, aqlemTa asakidebeli, gina xeliT satarebe-

li~ — sulxan-saba orbeliani). magram `Semdgomad

mcireTa dReTa enebaT da iswrafdes Cveulebisa-

mebr, raTa dasos (baRnars) ganvidnen~. arc aman

Seumsubuqa avadmyofoba, piriqiT, `didad gaZnel-

da seni igi uwyalo~ da `iqiTgan wamoiyvanes aga-

raTa cixesa~ raki yoveli `gamomeZiebloba mkur-

nalTa Ãelovnebisa~ amao aRmoCnda, mTel saqar-

TveloSi iyo `litaniobani da Ramis Tevani mim-

debni da cremlTa dinebani ixilvebodes, mdi-

darTa da glaxakTani, sworebiT.~ mxurvale gu-

1 basili ezosmoZRvari. cxoreba mefeT— mefisa Tamarisi. Tb.

1944. gv. 32-33.

12

liT SesTxovdnen yvelani RvTaebas, daavadebuli

mefisTvis gankurneba mieniWebina, `garna ganCine-

bani wina-aRudgomeli iyo~ da mwodebeli karTa

zeda dga~. didebuli Tamar mefe gardaicvala. rac

Tavis mxriv adasturebs im faqts, rom didebuli

qarTveli mefe Tamari swored agaraTa cixeSi

aResrula.1

kojori ZvelTaganve iTvleboda qarTvel me-

feTa savaned.

kojris cixe XV s.-dan somxiT-sabaraTianos

didi feodalis solaRaSvilebis sagvareulo ci-

tadels warmoadgenda.

kojris cixe didad daaziana 1488 wels iayub

yaenis mier gamogzavnilma laSqarma xalil-begis

meTaurobiT. rogorc mematiane gadmogvcems, koj-

ris cixis misadgomebTan momdgarma TurqmanTa

mravalricxovani jaris meTofeebma gamanadgure-

beli cecxli dauSines qarTvel mecixovneebs. so-

laRaSvilebis mcirericxovani mecixovneebi, ro-

melTac maSveli Zala ar hyavdaT, xangrZlivi

brZolis Semdeg iZulebuli Seiqnen mtrisTvis See-

tovebinaT es cixe-simagre, `xolo viTarca gaTen-

1 iv. javaxiSvili. dasax. naSromi. gv. 289-290. z. WiWinaZe. qar-

Tlis cxovreba. dasabamiTgan mecxramete saukunemde. wigni II.

T. I. tf. 1898. gv. 486-489. qarTlis cxovreba. e. TayaiSvilis

red. tf. 1906. gv. 530-533.

13

da, naxes TaTarTa, cixe ukacuri, Sevides Sigan

da kaci ara ipoves, mihyves xeli da daaqcies~.1

i.a. giuldenStedma 1771— 1772 w.w. saqarTve-

loSi mogzaurobis dros Tavis dRiurebSi Cawera:

`mefeebi winaT, zafxulobiT, idgnen mTaze ko-

jorTan, radgan iq sicxeebi naklebia... reziden-

cias sxva mizezebis gamo ar stovebdnen.~2

kojris cixis Sesaxeb mravali saintereso

gadmocemaa Semonaxuli. erT-erTi gadmocemiT

kojris cixeSi iyo Sexiznuli legendaruli gmiri

qoroRli — amitomaa, rom am cixes zogjer qoroR-

lis cixis saxelwodebiTac ixsenieben. es saxelwo-

deba XVIII s.-dan damkvidrda. XVIII saukunis cnobili

geografi vaxuSti bagrationi kojris cixes azeu-

las uwodebs.3

zepiri gadmocemis mixedviT, kojris cixes

Tavs afarebda gmiri qali Tina wavkiseli.4

1625 wels sofel marabdasTan brZolaSi qar-

Tvelebi damarcxdnen, magram meore dRes omi koj-

ris midamoebSi gagrZelda. kojris cixis misadgo-

mebTan gamarTul Seupovar brZolaSi qarTvelebma

didi ziani miayenes yizilbaSebs.

1795 wlis seqtemberSi, saqarTveloSi aRa-mah-

mad-xanis Semosevis dros, qarTvelebma medgari wi-

1 iv. javaxiSvili. Txzulebani. t.III. Tb. 1982. gv. 369-370. 2 giuldenStedi. mogzauroba saqarTveloSi. 1966. gv. 6. 3 d. gozaliSvili. kojori. Tbilisi. 1966. gv. 6. 4 m. jangiZe. dasax. naSromi.

14

naaRmdegoba gauwies sparsel dampyroblebs koj-

ris cixis misadgomebTan.

XIII-XVII saukuneebs Soris kojorSi zafxulo-

biT mefeTa dgomis tradicia didi xniT Sewyveti-

la da mxolod XVII saukuneSi rostom mefes ganuax-

lebia. vaxuSti bagrationi aRniSnavs, rom kabenis

monastris samxreTiT aris cixe. `kojris Txemsa

zeda kldisasa. am cixis samxreTiT ars sasaxle

mefisa. kojori aRaSena pT mefeman rostom ume-

tesa Ja mefeman giorgim da Jd mefeman vaxtang.

dgebodnen zafxuls mefeni~. aqve hqondaT mSveni-

eri marnebi, sadac Rvinoebs ezidebodnen qvemo

qarTlis soflebidan. kojorSi iyo, agreTve qar-

Tvel mefeTa mTavari sajiniboebi. amave saukuneSi

kaTalikos nikoloz amilaxors auSenebia sasaxle

da karis saydari.1

kojris samxreT-dasavleTiT, patara mdina-

ris — asureTis wylis xeobaSi mdebareobs qabenis

monasteri, romlis erT-erTi taZari Tamar mefis

epoqis droindelia. es taZari (nangrevebi) warmo-

adgens Zveli qarTuli arqiteqturis saucxoo

Zegls. meore, Zveli taZari monastris galavnis ga-

reT SenarCunebulia Cven dromde. am taZris aRmo-

savleT kedelze darCenilia qarTuli warwera,

1 m. jangiZe. dasax. naSromi. gv. 2.

15

romlis mixedviT misi mSenebloba miekuTvneba Ta-

mar mefis epoqas.1

aqve aris XV s.-is ormoc mowameTa eklesia. ro-

gorc Cans, igi am midamoebSi mravlad gafantul ek-

lesia-monasterTagan erT-erTi iyo, romelic XV-XVI

s.s. aSenda. es is periodia, rodesac es mxare saqar-

Tvelos mefe aleqsandre I-ma samefo molares bara-

Ta qaCibaisZes uboZa. XVIII saukunisaTvis eklesia

TiTqmis dangeuli da dacarielebulia. 1759 wels

baraTaSvilebis ganayofi gvaris, orbelian-yafla-

niSvilebis brZanebiT, monasteri aRudgeniaT.

kojridan Crdilo-aRmosavleTiT, centridan

erTnaxevar

kilometrze, xSir, foTlovan tyeSi gadis sa-

urme gza, gzis marcxena mxares moCuxCuxebs civi

wyaro, romelic zafxulis cxel dReebSi sag-

rZnoblad klebulobs. uZos mTa zRvis donidan

1.419 metris simaRleze mdebareobs.2

`jer isev Sors vxedav uZos,

zmanebiT rom guls axurebs,

aval vityvi Tvali Cemi

saqarTvelos gadahyurebs~.

galaktion tabiZe

uZos qedze mdebareobs wm. giorgis saxelobis

eklesia, romelzec vaxuSti bagrationi werda —

1 m. nodia. dasax. naSromi. gv. 41. 2 d. gozaliSvili. kojori. Tb. 1966. gv. 12.

16

`uZo, eklesia wminda giorgisa, maRalsa gorasa

zeda, mWvreteli koJrisa da tfilisisa~.

uZos mwvervalidan metad lamazi sanaxaoba iS-

leba. aqedan moCans mwvaneSi Camjdari veres xeoba,

wyneTi, beTania, zedazeni, Sors ki kavkasionis

TeTrad moelvare mwvervalebi — myinvarwveri da

misi `Zmebi~.

swored am eklesiis gamo daerqva am mTas uZo.

arsebobs legenda, gavrcelebuli kojris mo-

saxleobaSi, rom es eklesia uSvilo (uZeo) kacs au-

Senebia da Sexvewebia, Svili momecio. misi Txovna

Sesrulebula da mas Semdeg aq salocavad modiod-

nen (uZeo) uSvilo mandilosnebi, evedrebodnen

wminda giorgis da iqve, erT xeze stovebdnen Sesa-

wiravs (am xes dResac natvris xes eZaxian). sityva

uZeodan mTas da eklesiasac uZo ewoda. uZos sila-

maZe waruSlel STabeWdilebas axdens mnaxvelze.

uZos wminda giorgis saxelobis dRe moZravi

qristianuli dResaswaulia. dReoba yovel wels,

aRdgomis momdevno samSabaT dRes imarTeba. dRe-

saswauls xalxSi uZoobas uwodeben. uZooba mxo-

lod adgilobrivi, lokaluri mniSvnelobis dRe

ar gaxlavT. am dRes uZos eklesiaSi kojris mcxov-

rebTa garda bevri maxlobeli Tu moSorebiT mde-

bare soflebis mosaxleoba ikribeba. bevri adamia-

ni amodis Tbilisidan. dResaswaulze mravlad Sex-

vdebiT ucxoeTidan Camosul stumrebsac.

17

wyaro uZosken mimaval gzaze

18

uZos wm. giorgis saxelobis eklesia.

19

xalxmravlobas uZoobis dResaswaulze didi

xnis istoria aqvs. xalxSi Semonaxuli gadmocemis

Tanaxmad, gasul saukuneebSi am dResaswaulze

sxvadasxva adgilebidan bevri adamiani mosalocad

kojrisaken urmebiT miemarTeboda.

kojris samxreTiT mdebareobs gudelisis ek-

lesia. misgan SemorCenilia saydris sami kedeli,

sadac aris sagvareulo saZvale. saflavis qvaze

garkveviT ikiTxeba: `orbeliani~. saydris garSemo

ganlagebulia saflavis qvebi. daaxloebiT 300 m-Si

aris wminda giorgis saxelobis eklesia.

Tbilisis SemogarenSi pirvelad XIX saukunis

60-ian wlebSi, kojorSi, gaixsna fosta-telegra-

fis ganyofileba, romelic maSin mxolod zafxul-

Si (saagarako sezonis dros) muSaobda.

1904 wlis 21 oqtombers kojorSi gaixsna sam-

revlo dawyebiTi skola kornile elizbaraSvilis

xelmZRvanelobiT. skolaSi miRebul iqna 40 bavSvi:

qarTvelebi, somxebi, mahmadianebi. maswavleblad

mowveul iqna saeparqio dedaTa saswavleblis kur-

sdamTavrebuli qalbatoni mariam WuxrukiZis asu-

li. skola TvalsaCino adgilas, eklesiis gverdiT

iyo. SigniTve iyo maswavleblis oTaxi.

1921 wlis TebervalSi ruseTis XI wiTeli ar-

mia Semovida kojris midamoebSi. kojris cixis

ferdobze 1989 wlis 9

20

aprilamde idga memoriali warweriT: `aq Semo-

vida ruseTis XI armia~. es memoriali gadaagdes

1989 wlis 10 aprils, 9 aprilis tragediiT gamware-

bulma kojris axalgazrdebma. aq gaimarTa brZole-

bi qarTvel iunkrebsa da ruseTis XI armias Soris.

axalgazrda, 20-21 wlis iunkrebTan erTad ibrZod-

nen polkovniki a. CxeiZe, maswavlebeli v. barnovi,

leitenanti andronikaSvili, damfuZnebeli krebis

wevri r. gabaSvili, leitenanti ToiZe da sxv. Teber-

vlis okupaciasTan dakavSirebiT, SeuZlebelia ar

aRvniSnoT maro mayaSvili, romelic kojris brZo-

lebis dros daiRupa. 19 wlis maro maSin omSi moxa-

lised, mowyalebis dad, wavida da saqarTvelos Ta-

visuflebas Seswira Tavi. daRupuli ToiZis, mayaS-

vilis da iunkrebis gvamebi TbilisSi Caasvenes da

didi sakrebulo taZris galavanTan dakrZales, mag-

ram bevri iunkeri iqve daumarxavT da ara marto da-

xocilebi, daWrili iunkrebisTvisac miuyriaT miwa

mtrebs. es ambavi SesaniSnav qarTvel poets terenti

granels smenia da leqsic dauweria.

21

`daxocilebTan erTad, Turme nu ityviT, daWri-

li iunkrebic daumarxavT~.

1921

`axla es fiqri sxva samarea.

movida qari, xe Searxia,

da saqarTvelo es is mxarea,

sadac cocxali xalxi marxia.

cixeSi vzivar, gareT mTvarea,

Sors gausxlavi, lurjia baRi,

da saqarTvelo es is mxarea,

sadac rom cocxlad marxia xalxi~.

terenti graneli

dRes am adgilas iunkerTa xsovnis pativsace-

mad memorialia aRmarTuli.

arsebobs gegma, romlis mixedviTac Tbilisi-

kojris mimarTulebiT unda yofiliyo sarkinigzo

gza. igi warmoadgenda `didi tfilisis~ sakuror-

to, kulturul-administraciul da sawarmoo qa-

laqis gegmis erT nawils. magram es gegma ar gan-

xorcielda, Tu ratom, es ar aris cnobili.1

kojorSi, skola-internatis ezoSi, miwis sa-

muSaoebis dros, aRmoCnda Rrmad dafluli ganZi.

igi Sedgeboda spilenZis oTxi TefSisgan da erTi

Tasisagan. 1963 wels ganZi gadaeca saqarTvelos

1 l. CijavaZe. kojris eleqtro-rkinis gza. `kergza~. Tb.

1931. 35 gv.

22

saxelmwifo muzeumis feodaluri xanis ganyofi-

lebas. qimiuri gawmendis Semdeg yvela WurWelze

aRmoCnda mxedruli warwerebi.

TefSebi, SeiZleba iTqvas, zustad erTmaneTis

gameorebas warmoadgens, mxolod zomebiT da war-

weris SinaarsiT gansxvavdebian. TefSebi mokalu-

li yofila. kala zog adgilas SerCenili aqvs. or

TefSs, romlebic zomiT tolebi arian, gare napir-

ze dayveba sami sityvisagan Semdgari mxedruli

warwera. erT TefSze weria `vtng~, meoreze ki

`vaxtang~, daklebuli asoebis aRdgeniT warwera

ikiTxeba ase: `q. mefe vaxtang~.

es TefSebi vaxtang VI saWurWles ekuTvnoda.

ganZis kojorSi aRmoCena SemTxveviTi ar unda

iyos. kojori xom ZvelTaganve qarTvel didebul-

Ta dasasvenebeli iyo.

1721-22 wlebSi vaxtang VI moarTves yaenisagan

gamogzavnili sapatio niSnebi da samxreT azerbai-

janis spaspetoba uboZes.

rogorc Cans, XVII-XVIII saukuneebis I meoTxed-

Si kojris sasaxleSi cxovreba mimdinareobda. sa-

saxlis karze arsebobda saWurWle, romelsac hyav-

da meWurWleTuxucesi da mejameTuxucesi.1

`tfilisis unika~ gaxlavT pirveli safosto

saqalaqo (da ara saxelmwifo) marka, romelic kav-

1 g. kiknaZe. kojris ganZi. Jurn. `Zeglis megobari~. 1968. #15.

gv.55-58

23

kasiis teritoriaze gamoica. marka kavkasiis megis-

nacvalma, Tavadma aleqsandre bariatinskim (1815-

1879) gamosca. markis zomaa 22x22 mm. mis zemo na-

wilSi gamosaxulia imperiis simbolo orTaviani

arwivi, araratis mTa noes kidobniT, mdinare

mtkvari, wminda giorgi da merkuris kverTxi. naxa-

ti reliefuria. marka mxolod Tbilissa da ko-

jorSi vrceldeboda. yofili sabWoTa kavSiris te-

ritoriaze is ar moipoveba.

`tfilisis unikiT~ Tavis droze cnobili ru-

si iuveliri karl faberJec dainteresda. mis ko-

leqciaSi sami egzemplari inaxeboda.

dResdReobiT tfilisis unika filatelistu-

ri iSviaToba gaxlavT.

akademikosi g. muxaZe, romelic kargad icnob-

da kojors da aTeuli wlebis manZilze isvenebda

am kurortze, aRniSnavda, rom kojorSi arsebobs

friad xelSemwyobi pirobebi bavSvTa mkurnalobi-

saTvis. gansakuTrebiT kuW-nawlavTa daavadebis

dros.

n. yifSiZis dakvirvebiT gamoirkva, rom ko-

jorSi mkurnalobis Sedegad bavSvTa sisxlSi he-

moglobini mkveTrad matulobs 10%-dan 25%-mde.

maRali temperatura iklebs da swrafad iRebs ke-

Til mimdinareobas. amitomac iyo, rom kojorSi

bevri samkurnalo dawesebuleba da sanatoriumi

24

arsebobda. samwuxarod, dRes aRarc erTi ar fun-

qcionirebs.

Zvirfaso mkiTxvelo, ai es aris patara koj-

ris didi istoria. istoria — romelic matianem Se-

mogvinaxa.

25

tfilisis unika

26

gamoyenebuli literatura

1. basili ezosmoZRvari. cxoreba mefeT— mefi-

sa Tamarisi. iv. javaxiSvilis redaqciiT. Tb.

1944 w.

2. giuldenStedi. mogzauroba saqarTveloSi.

t. I. 1966 w.

3. d. gozaliSvili. kojori. Tb. 1966 w.

4. g. kiknaZe. kojris ganZi. Jurn. `Zeglis mego-

bari~. 1968 w. #15.

5. z. WiWinaZe. qarTlis cxovreba. dasabamiTgan

mecxramete saukunemde. wigni II. t. I. tf.

1898 w.

6. iv. javaxiSvili. Txzulebani. t. III. Tb. 1982

w.

7. iv. javaxiSvili. qarTveli eris istoria. t.

II. Tb. 1931 w.

8. l. CijavaZe. kojris eleqtro-rkinis gza.

`kergza~. Tb. 1931 w.

9. m. jangiZe. kojori. gaz. `Tbilisi~ . 1960 w.

16 agvisto.

10. m. jangiZe. kojori. gaz. `samgori~. Tb. 1960

w. 18 agvisto.

11. m. nodia. saqarTvelos kurortebi da saku-

rorto resursebi. Tb. 1976 w.

27

12. n. berZeniSvili. Zveli Tbilisis toponimiki-

dan. Jurn. `mimomxilveli~. 1951. #2.

13. qarTlis cxovreba. mariam dedofliseuli

nusxa. e. TayaiSvilis redaqciiT. Tb. 1906 w.

28

gamomcemloba `universali~

Tbilisi, 0179, i. WavWavaZis gamz. 19, �: 22 36 09, 8(99) 17 22 30

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