Daily Inventory of Biomass Burning Emissions using Satellite Observations

andUsing Satellite Observations of CO from MOPITT

Colette Heald

Advisor: Daniel Jacob

TRACE-P Data Workshop #2

June 24, 2002

Fire Activity and CO Emissions during TRACE-P

Main Features:• Most significant burning in SE Asia and NE India• Relatively little burning in China

AVHRRFirecounts

during TRACE-P

ClimatologicalMarch BB

CO Emissions

BUT, fire activity (and therefore emissions) are highly variable…

BB > 50% of Spring CO Emissions in Asia!

Concept: Daily Biomass Burning Emissions

Annual BB CO Emission Budget

Monthly BB CO Emission

Budget

AVHRR Daily Satellite

FireCounts

Daily Fire Activity (correct

for coverage)

Daily BB CO Emission Budget

CONSTRAIN TOTAL EMISSIONS

ADD TEMPORAL VARIABILITY

Incomplete Daily Coverage

Fire Activity

Data: gridded (0.5°x0.5°) AVHRR daily productWorld Fire Web (1998-2001 data, no longer operational)

AVHRR Coverage Limitations

Coverage limited by:1. Polar Orbit2. Ground Station

Data Submission 3. Clouds4. Scan Angle fire

detection dependence!

First Order Correction (for 1-3):• Defining the Fraction on

Fire (FOF)

Percentage of days observed in Spring 2001

Average Cloud Cover during Spring 2001

ii

ii ct

fFOF

fi = # pixels on fireci = # cloudy pixelsti = # total pixels

Issue: Spurious Periodicity in Fire Products

• Problem: Fire pixels increase in size as scan across track (see fewer pixels) and fire detection algorithm less efficient at large scan angles

• Plan: Remove large scan angle observations and correct remaining fire observations

Satellite polar orbit8-days until repeatsto same nadir point

Fire detection efficiency drops as scan across track

Nadir observations

USE THESE FIRE OBSERVATIONS TO PARTITION MONTHLY BB CO EMISSIONS

Attributing Source Type to Observations

cHCNbPCEaCO ][][][Multivariable fit to aircraft CO:– PCE (C2Cl4) ~ fossil fuel

– HCN ~ biomass burning, biofuel

– Background term ~ chemical productionBLACK=OBSERVATIONSRED=FIT

5 minute merge, O3<100 ppb, no transit flights

Observation and Model Location of Source Influenced CO

HCN=BB/BFTOTAL CO

MISSING BB AND FF SOURCES?FORMALIZE WITH INVERSION STUDY MODEL

OBSERVATIONS

PCE=FF

BB, BF and FF model CO diagnosed

with tagged tracers

BB, BF and FF observed CO

diagnosed withPCE and HCN

CO Source Inversion: MOPITT and TRACE-P

Objective: Investigate how satellite and aircraft observations can be integrated to quantify large-scale sources of pollution to the atmosphere

EMISSIONS

MOPITT

AIRCRAFT

Use a top-down approach to verify regional emission

estimates for Asian CO

MOPITT Validation Profiles during TRACE-P

Courtesy: Louisa Emmons (NCAR)

BLACK=AIRCRAFT RED=AIRCRAFTxAVG KERNELSBLUE=MOPITT

V2 Retrieval:~20% bias

V3 Retrieval:Better agreement

V3 Changes:• Calibration• Recovered data (40%)• Clouds from MODIS• New a priori

Comparing MOPITT (v.2) and GEOS-CHEM CO20010324

MOPITT adjusted for bias

Evolution of CO Features in MOPITT

March 25, 2001 March 26, 2001March 24, 2001

GEOS-CHEM

MOPITT

Ft. 4: Aged Asian PlumeMOPITT validation (40N, 132W)

12 hours later…

MOPITT

Aircraft

GEOS-CHEM(6.2-7.4 km)

MOPITT overpass20:00GMT

(Solid stratus deck)

Future Plans

3 papers• Biomass Burning emission inventory with daily resolution: Application to

aircraft observations of Asian outflow– Correct for scan angle dependence in fire product– Implement new emission inventory in GEOS-CHEM model to characterize

variability in CO concentrations associated to daily BB inventory– Employ PCE and HCN as tracers for FF and BB/BF respectively to validate the

influence of variability in BB.

• Quantifying Asian sources of CO: An integration of satellite and aircraft observations during TRACE-P– Assess the consistency of the aircraft and MOPITT data sets– Investigate how aircraft and satellite observations can be optimally combined– Perform an Asian source inversion during TRACE-P

• Characterizing trans-Pacific transport events of Asian pollution as observed by aircraft and MOPITT during TRACE-P– Collaborate with Louisa Emmons (NCAR) to investigate a case of transport of

Asian pollution as observed aboard aircraft, by MOPITT and simulated by GEOS-CHEM