Daily Focus Skills

Transparency 2–3 Chapter 2

Ancient Egypt

Chapter 2 – Section 3

After this lesson, I can…

Recognize the impact of individuals on

world history

Identify the location of early

civilizations on a map

Identify types of artifacts by pictorial

representation

Identify significant individuals and

events in Egyptian civilization

Focusing on the Main Ideas

The Egyptian Empire

• The Middle Kingdom was a golden age of peace, prosperity, and advances in the arts and architecture. ⇓

• During the New Kingdom, Egypt acquired new territory and reached the height of its power.

• Akhenaton tried to change Egypt’s religion, while Tutankhamen is famous for the treasures found in his tomb. ⇓

• Under Ramses II, Egypt regained territory and built great temples, but the empire fell by 1150 B.C.

Meeting People • Tutankhamen (TOO·tang·KAH·muhn)

• Ramses II (RAM·SEEZ)

Building Your Vocabulary

• tribute (TRIH·byoot) • incense (IHN·SEHNS)

The Egyptian Empire

Locating Places • Thebes (THEEBZ) ⇓

Meeting People

• Ahmose (AHM·OHS) ⇓

• Hatshepsut (hat·SHEHP·soot) ⇓

• Thutmose III (thoot·MOH·suh) ⇓

• Akhenaton (AHK·NAH·tuhn)

The Egyptian Empire

The Middle Kingdom

• Pharaohs lost control of Egypt in about 2300 B.C.

• At that time, a new dynasty of pharaohs created a capital at Thebes.

• This began the Middle Kingdom, a time of stability, prosperity, and achievement.

• Egypt took control of other lands and forced conquered people to send tribute, or forced payments.

The Egyptian Empire

• In this way, Egypt increased its riches.

The Middle Kingdom (cont.)

• During the Middle Kingdom, the arts, literature, and architecture blossomed.

• The Middle Kingdom ended when the Hyksos attacked and conquered Egypt.

• The Hyksos ruled until around 1500 B.C., when the Egyptian prince Ahmose led a revolt to drive the Hykos out of Egypt.

The Egyptian Empire

The Middle Kingdom (cont.)

• This artwork with gold inlay from the Middle Kingdom period shows a funeral boat.

The Egyptian Empire

The New Kingdom

• Hatshepsut was one of the few women to rule Egypt.

• Trade made Egypt wealthier.

• During the New Kingdom period, Egypt grew richer and more powerful.

The Egyptian Empire

• Trade grew during Hatsheput’s reign.

• Traders exchanged beads, tools, and weapons for ivory, wood, leopard skins, and incense.

The New Kingdom (cont.)

• Thutmose conquered more lands, and Egypt grew richer from tributes.

• Thutmose III became pharaoh after Hatshepsut’s death.

• Slavery became common in Thutmose’s reign.

• Slaves had some rights.

• They could own land, marry, and eventually obtain freedom.

The Egyptian Empire

How was Hatshepsut unlike other pharaohs?

She focused on trade instead of military conquests.

The Egyptian Empire

The Legacies of Two Pharaohs

• Amenhotep felt priests were gaining too much power.

• Amenhotep IV came to power in 1370 B.C.

• He introduced a new religion with only one god.

• Priests who did not follow the new religion were removed from power.

The Egyptian Empire

The Legacies of Two Pharaohs

• Amenhotep IV came to power in 1370 B.C.

• He did not act when the Hittites attacked Egypt.

• Amenhotep became so devoted to his new religion that he neglected his other duties.

• As a result, Egypt’s empire greatly diminished.

The Legacies of Two Pharaohs (cont.)

• Most Egyptians refused to accept the new religion.

The Egyptian Empire

• In A.D. 1922, a British archaeologist found King Tut’s grave.

• He ruled for only nine years before his death.

The Legacies of Two Pharaohs (cont.)

• Tutankhamen, now called King Tut, was a boy ruler who took power after Akhenaton died.

The Egyptian Empire

• Temples were used for services.

• During Ramses’s rule, many temples were built throughout Egypt.

The End of the New Kingdom

• Ramses II was one of the most effective pharaohs of the New Kingdom.

• Most Egyptians prayed at home because they believed the temples were houses for the gods and goddesses.

The Egyptian Empire

• Egypt was attacked by neighboring groups and eventually controlled only the Nile delta.

The End of the New Kingdom (cont.)

• After Ramses’s rule, Egyptian rule began to decline.

The Egyptian Empire

• Beginning in the 900s B.C., Egypt was ruled by the Libyans, then the people of Kush, and finally the Assyrians.

Kush Kingdom c. 250 B.C.