vii

DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN JUDUL ........................................................................................... i

SURAT PERNYATAAN .................................................................................. iii

PENYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH ................. iv

PRAKATA ......................................................................................................... v

DAFTAR ISI .................................................................................................... vii

DAFTAR SINGKATAN ................................................................................... ix

DAFTAR GAMBAR ......................................................................................... x

DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................. xi

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN .................................................................................... xii

ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................... xiii

ABSTRAK ...................................................................................................... xiv

BAB I PENDAHULUAN ............................................................................. 1

1.1 Latar Belakang ............................................................................ 1

1.2 Rumusan Masalah ....................................................................... 5

1.3 Tujuan ......................................................................................... 5

1.3.1 Tujuan Umun ..................................................................... 5

1.3.2 Tujuan Khusus ................................................................... 5

1.4 Orisinalitas .................................................................................. 6

1.5 Manfaat Penelitian ...................................................................... 6

1.5.1 Manfaat Pengembangan Ilmu ............................................ 6

1.5.2 Manfaat Praktis ................................................................. 6

BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA .................................................................... 7

2.1. Tinjauan Pustaka ......................................................................... 7

2.1.1. Gigi .................................................................................... 7

2.1.2. Warna Gigi ........................................................................ 8

2.1.3. Diskolorasi ........................................................................ 8

2.1.4. Interpretasi Warna Gigi ................................................... 10

2.1.5. Bleaching ......................................................................... 13

2.1.6. Madu Hutan ..................................................................... 16

2.2. Kerangka Teori ......................................................................... 21

x

2.3. Kerangka Konsep ...................................................................... 22

2.4. Hipotesa .................................................................................... 22

BAB III METODE PENELITIAN ................................................................ 23

3.1 Jenis dan Rancangan Penelitian ................................................ 23

3.2 Variabel dan Definisi Operasional ............................................ 23

3.2.1 Variabel ........................................................................... 23

3.2.2 Definisi Operasional ........................................................ 24

3.3 Sampel ...................................................................................... 25

3.3.1 Sampel ............................................................................. 25

3.3.2 Besar Sampel ................................................................... 25

3.3.3 Cara sampling .................................................................. 26

3.4 Instrument dan Bahan Penelitian .............................................. 26

3.4.1 InstrumenPenelitian ......................................................... 26

3.4.2 Bahan Penelitian .............................................................. 26

3.5 Cara Penelitian .......................................................................... 27

3.6 Skema Alur Penelitian .............................................................. 29

3.7 Tempat dan Waktu .................................................................... 30

3.7.1 Tempat ............................................................................. 30

3.7.2 Waktu .............................................................................. 31

3.8 Analisis dan Hasil ..................................................................... 31

BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN ....................................................... 32

4.1. Hasil Penelitian ......................................................................... 32

4.2. Pembahasan .............................................................................. 34

BAB V KESIMPULAN & SARAN ............................................................. 37

5.1. Kesimpulan ............................................................................... 37

5.2. Saran ......................................................................................... 37

DAFTAR PUSTAKA........................................................................................ 39

LAMPIRAN ..................................................................................................... 41

ix

DAFTAR SINGKATAN

SM : Sebelum Masehi

ROS : Reactive Oxygen Species

HPMC : Hydroxy Prophil Metil Cellulose

HA : Heksagon Hydroxyapatit

x

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2. 1. Vitashade ......................................................................................... 11

Gambar 2. 2. Cara Kerja Spectrophotometri ......................................................... 12

Gambar 2. 3. Spectrophotometri ........................................................................... 13

Gambar 3. 1. Contoh Penanaman Sampel ............................................................. 28

xi

DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 4. 1. Rerata Selisih Warna ........................................................................... 32

Tabel 4. 2. Normalitas Shapiro Wilk ..................................................................... 32

Tabel 4. 3. Homogenitas Levene’s Test ................................................................ 33

Tabel 4. 4. Hasil Uji Anova .................................................................................. 33

Tabel 4. 5. Hasil Uji Post Hoc .............................................................................. 33

xii

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

Lampiran 1. Ethichal Clearance.............................................................................42

Lampiran 2. Surat Keterangan Penelitian..............................................................43

Lampiran 3. Tabel Analisis Data...........................................................................44

Lampiran 4. Dokumen Penelitian..........................................................................49