d¯-s¡w · 3 2009 p\p-hcn ap¡m´ \qäm›v ]n¶n« ae-bm-f-ﬂnse gi ckvemani {]kn-†o-i-cww...

$: D¯-S¡w · 3 2009 P\p-hcn ap¡m´ \qäm›v ]n¶n« ae-bm-f-flnse GI CkvemanI {]kn-†o-I-cWw D¯-S¡w 2009 P\p-hcn ln.i 1388 þ kpelv 1430 þ apldw þ k^À$
3

2009 P\p-hcn2009 P\p-hcn2009 P\p-hcn2009 P\p-hcn2009 P\p-hcn

ap°m¬ \q‰m≠v ]n∂n´ ae-bm-f-Ønse GI CkvemanI ]kn-≤o-I-ap°m¬ \q‰m≠v ]n∂n´ ae-bm-f-Ønse GI CkvemanI ]kn-≤o-I-ap°m¬ \q‰m≠v ]n∂n´ ae-bm-f-Ønse GI CkvemanI ]kn-≤o-I-ap°m¬ \q‰m≠v ]n∂n´ ae-bm-f-Ønse GI CkvemanI ]kn-≤o-I-ap°m¬ \q‰m≠v ]n∂n´ ae-bm-f-Ønse GI CkvemanI ]kn-≤o-I-

cWwcWwcWwcWwcWw

D≈ - S°wD≈ -S°wD≈ -S°wD≈ -S°wD≈ -S°w


ln.i 1388 ˛ kpelv

1430 ˛ apldw ˛ k^¿

]pkvXIw 81 e°w 1

hcn-kwJy 150 I.

H‰]Xn 15 I.

apJ-NnXw :

ªq tamk vI v , Xp¿°nªq tamk vI v , Xp¿°nªq tamk vI v , Xp¿°nªq tamk vI v , Xp¿°nªq tamk vI v , Xp¿°n

No^v FUn-‰¿No^v FUn-‰¿No^v FUn-‰¿No^v FUn-‰¿No^v FUn-‰¿ : apl-ΩZv Aøq_v Mob : 9895308227FUn-‰¿FUn-‰¿FUn-‰¿FUn-‰¿FUn-‰¿ : G. Fw. apl-ΩZv kenw Mob : 9895263384amt\-P¿amt\-P¿amt\-P¿amt\-P¿amt\-P¿ : AlΩZv l ≥ Mob : 9446482108

hnemkw

kXy-Zq-X≥, Pn. F®v. tdmUv, tImgn-t°m-Sv.kXy-Zq-X≥, Pn. F®v. tdmUv, tImgn-t°m-Sv.kXy-Zq-X≥, Pn. F®v. tdmUv, tImgn-t°m-Sv.kXy-Zq-X≥, Pn. F®v. tdmUv, tImgn-t°m-Sv.kXy-Zq-X≥, Pn. F®v. tdmUv, tImgn-t°m-Sv.

^mIvkv : 0495 ˛ 2721609^mIvkv : 0495 ˛ 2721609^mIvkv : 0495 ˛ 2721609^mIvkv : 0495 ˛ 2721609^mIvkv : 0495 ˛ 2721609

e-mail: [email protected]

Akn. amt\-P¿Akn. amt\-P¿Akn. amt\-P¿Akn. amt\-P¿Akn. amt\-P¿

sI.-Fw. apl-ΩZv tImb

k¿°p-te-j≥ amt\-P¿k¿°p-te-j≥ amt\-P¿k¿°p-te-j≥ amt\-P¿k¿°p-te-j≥ amt\-P¿k¿°p-te-j≥ amt\-P¿

Fkv. apl-ΩZv kenw

FUn-t‰m-dn-b¬ t_m¿UvFUn-t‰m-dn-b¬ t_m¿UvFUn-t‰m-dn-b¬ t_m¿UvFUn-t‰m-dn-b¬ t_m¿UvFUn-t‰m-dn-b¬ t_m¿Uv

s]m^. alvaqZv AlvaZv

sI.-hn. Cuk-t°mb

sI.hn. l ≥tImb

]n.-Fw. _jo¿ AlvaZv

sF.sI. AlvaZv Ipń

Printed & Published by M.A. Muhammed, for the Kerala Ahmadiyya Jama-at at Geethanjali Offset Press, Feroke, CalicutEdited by A. M. Muhammed Salim. Typeset, Layout & Cover Design : Victory Creations, Calicut - 1.

ÿm]nXwÿm]nXwÿm]nXwÿm]nXwÿm]nXw

19251925192519251925

25

`mjm-ssh-hn-[y-ßfpw Ad-_n-`m-j-bpsS`mjm-ssh-hn-[y-ßfpw Ad-_n-`m-j-bpsS`mjm-ssh-hn-[y-ßfpw Ad-_n-`m-j-bpsS`mjm-ssh-hn-[y-ßfpw Ad-_n-`m-j-bpsS`mjm-ssh-hn-[y-ßfpw Ad-_n-`m-j-bpsS

ssZhn-I-XzhpwssZhn-I-XzhpwssZhn-I-XzhpwssZhn-I-XzhpwssZhn-I-Xzhpw

F.-Iyp. alvZn

BtKmf apkvenw Zpc-hÿBtKmf apkvenw Zpc-hÿBtKmf apkvenw Zpc-hÿBtKmf apkvenw Zpc-hÿBtKmf apkvenw Zpc-hÿ

alvaqZv _n≥ apl-ΩZv

A©mw Jeo-^-bpsS Bflo-b-bmXA©mw Jeo-^-bpsS Bflo-b-bmXA©mw Jeo-^-bpsS Bflo-b-bmXA©mw Jeo-^-bpsS Bflo-b-bmXA©mw Jeo-^-bpsS Bflo-b-bmX

tPmjzm \yq´¨

JØ-ap-∂p-_p-∆Øv :JØ-ap-∂p-_p-∆Øv :JØ-ap-∂p-_p-∆Øv :JØ-ap-∂p-_p-∆Øv :JØ-ap-∂p-_p-∆Øv :

hymI-c-Whpw `mjy-ßfpwhymI-c-Whpw `mjy-ßfpwhymI-c-Whpw `mjy-ßfpwhymI-c-Whpw `mjy-ßfpwhymI-c-Whpw `mjy-ßfpw

F®v. iwkp-±o≥ Imh-t»cn

alm-\-K-csØ \Sp-°nb òI-c-Zn-\-ßƒalm-\-K-csØ \Sp-°nb òI-c-Zn-\-ßƒalm-\-K-csØ \Sp-°nb òI-c-Zn-\-ßƒalm-\-K-csØ \Sp-°nb òI-c-Zn-\-ßƒalm-\-K-csØ \Sp-°nb òI-c-Zn-\-ßƒ

F.-Iyp. alvZn

Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ

A¥m-cmjvS tPymXn-»mkvX h¿jwA¥m-cmjvS tPymXn-»mkvX h¿jwA¥m-cmjvS tPymXn-»mkvX h¿jwA¥m-cmjvS tPymXn-»mkvX h¿jwA¥m-cmjvS tPymXn-»mkvX h¿jw

hm¿Ø-Iƒ, A\p-kva-cWwhm¿Ø-Iƒ, A\p-kva-cWwhm¿Ø-Iƒ, A\p-kva-cWwhm¿Ø-Iƒ, A\p-kva-cWwhm¿Ø-Iƒ, A\p-kva-cWw

45

6

bpK-i_vZwbpK-i_vZwbpK-i_vZwbpK-i_vZwbpK-i_vZw

apJ-°p-dn∏vapJ-°p-dn∏vapJ-°p-dn∏vapJ-°p-dn∏vapJ-°p-dn∏v

teJ\w

dkq¬ Xncp-ta-\n(-k)-bpsS kl\wdkq¬ Xncp-ta-\n(-k)-bpsS kl\wdkq¬ Xncp-ta-\n(-k)-bpsS kl\wdkq¬ Xncp-ta-\n(-k)-bpsS kl\wdkq¬ Xncp-ta-\n(-k)-bpsS kl\w

lZvdØv an¿km Kpemw AlvaZv (A)

JpXzv_

tIcfw : AlvaZn-ø-Øns‚ ]Xo£tIcfw : AlvaZn-ø-Øns‚ ]Xo£tIcfw : AlvaZn-ø-Øns‚ ]Xo£tIcfw : AlvaZn-ø-Øns‚ ]Xo£tIcfw : AlvaZn-ø-Øns‚ ]Xo£

Jp¿-B\pw ]]©hn-⁄m-\o-bhpwJp¿-B\pw ]]©hn-⁄m-\o-bhpwJp¿-B\pw ]]©hn-⁄m-\o-bhpwJp¿-B\pw ]]©hn-⁄m-\o-bhpwJp¿-B\pw ]]©hn-⁄m-\o-bhpw

an¿km Xzmln¿ AlvaZv

Dahnøm Jnem-^ØvDahnøm Jnem-^ØvDahnøm Jnem-^ØvDahnøm Jnem-^ØvDahnøm Jnem-^Øv

G.-Fw. apl-ΩZv kenw

_lp-`m-cymXzw_lp-`m-cymXzw_lp-`m-cymXzw_lp-`m-cymXzw_lp-`m-cymXzw

l. an¿km _io-dp-±o≥ alvaqZv AlvaZv (d)

Dd°w: Ckveman-Ihpw imkvXo-b-hp-ambDd°w: Ckveman-Ihpw imkvXo-b-hp-ambDd°w: Ckveman-Ihpw imkvXo-b-hp-ambDd°w: Ckveman-Ihpw imkvXo-b-hp-ambDd°w: Ckveman-Ihpw imkvXo-b-hp-amb

]mT-ßƒ]mT-ßƒ]mT-ßƒ]mT-ßƒ]mT-ßƒ

tUm. jm\hmkv Jm≥

18

21

11

14

7

26

29

33

3942

23

4

kXyZqX≥kXyZqX≥kXyZqX≥kXyZqX≥kXyZqX≥

bp-K-i_vZwbp-K-i_vZwbp-K-i_vZwbp-K-i_vZwbp-K-i_vZw

Cu ]ÿm-\sØ Xncn-®-dn -bpICu ]ÿm-\sØ Xncn-®-dn -bpICu ]ÿm-\sØ Xncn-®-dn -bpICu ]ÿm-\sØ Xncn-®-dn -bpICu ]ÿm-\sØ Xncn-®-dn -bpI

""A√tbm Dd-ßp-∂-htc! DW-cp-I. A√tbm Ai-≤tc! PmK-cq-I-cm-hp-I. Hcp

al-Ømb Bflo-b-hn-π-h--Øns‚ Imew kam-K-X-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p. CXv hne-]n°phm-

\p≈ t\c-am-Wv. Dd-ßn-°-gn-°m-\p-≈-X-√. (ssZ-h-k-∂n-[n-bn¬) k¶-S-s∏-Sp-hm-\p≈

t\c-am-Wv. ]cn-lm-khpw Ah-tl-f-\hpw Ip^v¿ hnfn-Ifpw \S-tØ≠ t\c-a-√. Cu

Ime-sØ -\o°p-hm-\mbn ssZhnI ImcpWyw k÷-am-°nb Bflo-b-]-Im-iw Z¿in-

°p-hm-\p≈ I-Æp-Iƒ A√mlp \nßƒ°p Xcp-hm\mbn ]m¿∞-n-°p-I. cmXn-bpsS

Ah-km-\sØ bma-Øn¬ Fgp-t∂‰p ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn¬ Ic-™p-sIm≠v t\¿am¿§-

Øn-∂mbn ]m¿∞n-°p-I. Cu Bflob ]ÿm-\sØ A\m-hiyambn \in-∏n-°m-

\p≈ _±pB sNøm-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw CXn-s∂-Xn-cmbn ]≤-Xn-Iƒ Bhn-jv°-cn-°m-Xn-cn-

°p-Ibpw sNøp-I. A√mlp \nß-fpsS Cu A\m-ÿtbbpw Ai-≤-tbbpw \nß-

fpsS a\- nepw lrZ-b-Øn-ep-ap≈ hn-VvUn-Ø-ßtfbpw \nßƒ°v ]Xy-£-s∏-Sp-

Øn-Ø-cp-∂-Xm-Wv. (dq-lm\n Jkm-bn≥,thm. 5, t]. 53-˛55)(dq-lm\n Jkm-bn≥,thm. 5, t]. 53-˛55)(dq-lm\n Jkm-bn≥,thm. 5, t]. 53-˛55)(dq-lm\n Jkm-bn≥,thm. 5, t]. 53-˛55)(dq-lm\n Jkm-bn≥,thm. 5, t]. 53-˛55)

Jp¿-B-\n¬ \n∂vJp¿-B-\n¬ \n∂vJp¿-B-\n¬ \n∂vJp¿-B-\n¬ \n∂vJp¿-B-\n¬ \n∂v

kXy-hn-izm-kn-I-tfmSv G‰hpw

ASpØ kvt\l-ap -≈h-cmbn

Rßƒ InkvXym-\n-I-fmWv F∂v

]d-™-h-tcbpw \o Is≠-Øp-∂-

Xm-Wv. AXn\v Imc-Ww, Ah-cn¬

]fin-X-∑mcpw ]ptcm-ln-X-∑mcpw

D≠v F∂p-≈Xpw Ah¿ Al-¶-

cn-°p-∂n√ F-∂-Xp-a-sX.'' (5:83)(5:83)(5:83)(5:83)(5:83)

\_n-h-N\w\_n-h-N\w\_n-h-N\w\_n-h-N\w\_n-h-N\w\_n(-k) Xncp-ta\n Acpƒ

sNbvX-Xmbn lZvdØv A_q-

lp-ssdbvd(-d) \nth-Z\w sN

øp∂p: \_n( -k) ]d -™p,

""G‰hpw \√ Zm\-[¿Ωw, Hcp

apkvenw Adnhv kºm-Zn-°p-Ibpw

AXv Xs‚ apkvenw ktlm-Z-cs\

]Tn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøpI F∂-Xm-

Wv.'' (C_v\p- am-P) (C_v\p- am-P) (C_v\p- am-P) (C_v\p- am-P) (C_v\p- am-P)

lZvdØv an¿km -Kpemw AlvaZv (A)lZvdØv an¿km -Kpemw AlvaZv (A)lZvdØv an¿km -Kpemw AlvaZv (A)lZvdØv an¿km -Kpemw AlvaZv (A)lZvdØv an¿km -Kpemw AlvaZv (A)

5


apJ°pdn∏vapJ°pdn∏vapJ°pdn∏vapJ°pdn∏vapJ°pdn∏v

dkq¬ Xncp-ta-\n-(k)bpsS Pohn-X-k-tµiw dkq¬ Xncp-ta-\n-(k)bpsS Pohn-X-k-tµiw dkq¬ Xncp-ta-\n-(k)bpsS Pohn-X-k-tµiw dkq¬ Xncp-ta-\n-(k)bpsS Pohn-X-k-tµiw dkq¬ Xncp-ta-\n-(k)bpsS Pohn-X-k-tµiw ]N-cn-∏n-°pI]N-cn-∏n-°pI]N-cn-∏n-°pI]N-cn-∏n-°pI]N-cn-∏n-°pI

Pnlm-Zns‚ XØz-imkvXw Dt]-£n-°pIPnlm-Zns‚ XØz-imkvXw Dt]-£n-°pIPnlm-Zns‚ XØz-imkvXw Dt]-£n-°pIPnlm-Zns‚ XØz-imkvXw Dt]-£n-°pIPnlm-Zns‚ XØz-imkvXw Dt]-£n-°pI

im¥n, kam-[m\w F∂o A¿∞ßfp≈ t]cn¬ Hcp aXw Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂psh-¶n¬ B aXw Ckvemw

aX-am-Wv. kzbw kzoI-cn® t]cn¬ Xs∂ kam-[m-\Øns‚ am\n-s^tÃm ]Jym-]n-°p∂ aXw; AXmWv

Ckvemw aXw! am\-h-cm-in-bn¬ kam-[m\w ]pe-cm≥ CX-am-Xw BK-ln-°p∂ as‰m-cp aXan-√. a\p-jy¿

XΩn¬ bp≤-Øn\pw BI-a-W-Øn\pw Hcp-ßp-tºmƒ hmkvX-h-Øn¬ aqI-ambn hne-]n-°p-∂Xv Ckvemw

aX-am-sW∂v PvRm\n-Iƒ a\- n-em-°p-∂p.

`c-W-IqSw ]nSn-®-S-°¬ Ckvemans‚ e£yhpw AXn-\p≈ am¿§w Pnlm-Zp-am-sW∂pw ]N-cn-∏n-°p∂h¿

Ckvemans‚ apJ-Omb Xs∂ am‰n-°-f-™n-cn-°p-∂p. Cu oI-c-Xsb A\p-Iq-en-°p-∂-h-sc-∏‰n ASn-ÿm-\-]-

c-ambn \mw Hcp Imcyw a\- n-em-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. PnlmZv F∂m¬ Ch¿°v ]oU-\-Øn\pw BI-a-W-Øn\pw

FXn-sc-bp≈ ]Xn-tcm[w amX-a-√; e£yw t\Sm-\p-≈ Hcp ]Jym-]n-X-amb ]cn-]m-Sn-bm-Wv Pnlm-Zv. ]oUn-

Xs‚ ]£w tNcp-∂ Cu I]-Sthj-[m-cn-Isf apkvenw `qcn-]£w Xncn-®-dn-tb-≠-Xp-≠v.

Ckvemans‚ bYm¿∞ A≤ym-]-\-ßƒ°v A\y-amWv A[n-Im-c-i-‡n-I-tfm-Sp≈ Cu A`n-\n-th-iw.

apkvenwIƒ Cu Pmc-Im-ap-Is\ Dt]-£n-°m≥ Xøm-dm-hp-∂n-√. CkvemanI `c-Whpw PnlmZpw Dds°

]Jym-]n-°-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ AXv A\y-cn¬ D≠m-°p∂ `oXnbpw Akz-ÿ-Xbpw apkvenwI-fn¬ _lp-`q-cn-]-

£hpw a\- n-em-°p-∂n-√. ine-Isf-t∏mse ITn-\-ß-fmb a\p-jy-lr-Z-b-ßsf Zho-I-cn-°pIbpw Im´m-f-

k-Zr-i-cmb Incm-X-∑msc Znhym-flm-°-fmbn am‰p-Ibpw sNbvX Ckvemans‚ Bflob cmk-hnZy apkvenwIƒ

ad-∂p-t]m-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Ah¿ tXtcm´w \S-tØ-≠Xv a\p-jy-lr-Z-b-ß-fn-eq-sS-bm-Wv. hmkvX-h-Øn¬ a\p-

jy-lr-Z-bßsf Iog-S-°m≥ Ign-bp∂ Nn¥bpw hm°pw apkvenw t\Xr-Xz-Øn\v Dev]m-Zn-∏n-°m≥ km[y-a√

F∂-XmWv bmYm¿∞yw. Cu Bflob Zmcn-ZysØ ad-®p-sh-°m-\mWv A[n-Imc Pnlm-Zns‚ lmen-f-°-

ßƒ. ^mkn-khpw IΩyq-Wn-k-hpw apX-em-fn-Øhpw ssIø-S°n ssIøm-fn-h-cp∂ A[n-Imc i‡n-bn¬

Xs∂-bmWv apkvenwI-£n-Ifpw hnizmkhpw ]Xo-£bpw sh®p ]pe¿Øp-∂Xv F∂Xv hnNn-X-am-Wv.

CkvemanI hncp-≤-amWv Cu Bi-bw. PnlmZv elcn Hcp-hn-[-Øn-e-s√-¶n¬ as‰mcp hn[-Øn¬ Bth-in®

apkvenw P\-hn- m-K-ß-fm-Wv Xncn-®-Sn-Iƒ G‰p-hm-ßn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. \nc-]-cm-[n-I-fmb apkvenwIƒt]mepw

apkvenwI-fp-sS s]mXp-k-Ω-Xnbp≈ IncmXamb Cu XØz-imkvXw aqew in£n-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.

Ckvemw aX-cm-jvS-hmZw Db¿Øp∂ aX-cmjvS auen-I-hm-Zn-Iƒ amX-a√, Cu A[n-Im-c-i-‡n-bpsS

ss`ao-Im-ap-I∑m¿, a‰p apkvenwI-£n-Ifpw amc-I-amb Cu tcmKw ]cn-amWt`Z-ß-tfmsS _m[n®hcm-Wv.

Ah-km\ \mfn¬ hmKvZØ akolv ssIøn¬ hmfp-ambn h∂v kIe Ckvemw hncp≤ i‡n-I-tfbpw Iq´-

s°m-e-Iƒ \SØn A[nImc tkm]m\w Hcp Xfn-I-bn-em°n apkvenwIƒ°v sh®p \o´pw F∂ ]Xo-£-

bn¬ Ign-bp∂ I£n-Iƒ°v Fßs\ A[n-Im-c-Øns‚ ]tem`\Øn¬ \n∂pw hn´p-\n¬°m≥ Ignbpw?

F√m-‰n-t\-°mfpw Zmcp-W-am-bn-´p-≈Xv, krjvSn-I-fn¬ sh®v G‰hpw DØ-a-\m-sW∂v hnti-jn-∏n-°-s∏´

dkq¬ Xncp-ta\n (k)bpsS hnip≤ PohnXw apkvenwI-ƒ sX‰mbn hmbn-°p∂p F∂-Xm-Wv. Ahn-SpsØ

a\-jy-kvt\-l-Øn-t‚bpw P\-ß-fpsS t£a-Im-w£bn¬ kz¥w ico-c-\m-i-tØm-f-sa-Ønb Ahn-SpsØ

lrZ-b-hy-Y-Ifpw ]mh-ßfptSbpw ASn-a-I-fptSbpw ZpxJ-ßƒ ImWp-tºmƒ hnXp-ºn-°-c-bp∂ Ahn-SpsØ

B¿Z-Xbpw A\y-a-X-ßsf kz¥w aX-ambn kzmwio-I-cn® lrZ-b-hn-im-e-Xbpw, a‰p- a-X-ÿm-]-Isc Xs∂-

°mƒ (aplΩZv \_n(-k)-tb-°mƒ) Ipd-®p-Im-Wp-∂Xv kz¥w aX-Øns‚ A]q¿W-X-bm-sW∂ ]Jym-]\hpw

apkvenwIƒ i≤n-°p-∂n-√. - Cßs\ alm-\mb Hcp ]hm-N-I≥ apkvenwIƒ°p≠mbn´pw apkvenwI-fpsS

Cu PnlmZo t]aw Hcp sshcp-≤y-am-Wv. Pohn-®n-cn-°p∂ sshcp-≤y-ß-fn¬ sh®v G‰hpw hnNn-X-amb

sshcp-≤yw. Ckvemw aX-Øns‚ a\p-jy-kvt\lw ]t_m-[n-°p-I. Pnlm-Zn-s\ ssIshSnbp-Ibpw sNøpI.

dkq¬ Xncp-ta-\n-sb-∏‰n Jp¿-B≥ ]d-bp-∂p: kXy-ambpw \nß-fn¬ \n∂p-Xs∂bp≈ Hcp ZqX-≥ \nß-f-

sS-b-Sp-°¬ h∂n-cn-°p-∂p. \nßƒ hnj-a-Øn-em-Ip-∂Xv At±-l-Øn\v Ak-ly-am-Wv. \nß-fpsS (t£-a-

Im-cy-ß-fn¬) D¬°-S-amb BK-l-ap≈ BfmWv At±lw. kXy-hn-izm-kn-I-tfmSv Ir]bpw Icp-W-bp-ap≈

BfpamWv. (hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥ 9:128)

6


dkq¬ Xncp -ta -\n( -k -)bpsS kl\wdkq¬ Xncp -ta -\n( -k -)bpsS kl\wdkq¬ Xncp -ta -\n( -k -)bpsS kl\wdkq¬ Xncp -ta -\n( -k -)bpsS kl\wdkq¬ Xncp -ta -\n( -k -)bpsS kl\w.....Np.....Np.....Np.....Np.....Npcp°-Øn¬, CØcw

hnizm-k-ßƒ Cu aue-hn-am-cpsS

[m¿ Ωn-I-\n-e-hmcw Xs∂ XmgvØn-

°-f-™n-cn-°p-∂p. A¥ pw kam-

[m-\-Xev]-c-Xbpw P\-ß-tfmSv D]-

tZ-in-°m≥ Ch¿°v km≤y-a-√msX

h∂p. adn-®p, bmsXmcp Imc-

Whpw IqSmsX a‰p-≈-hsc sIm

√p-I-sb-∂Xv Ch-cpsS ]°¬

hen-sbmcp aX-[¿Ωambn amdn-bn-

cn-°-bm-Wv. tNmc-s°m-Xn-b≥ alvZn-

bnepw Pnlm-Zns\ kw_-‘n®

s]mXp-hmb Bi-b-ß-fnepw cl-

ky-Øn¬ hn-izmkw ]pe¿Øp∂

Nne hn`m-K-ßƒ Alvse lZokv

I£n-°m-cn¬ Ds≠∂ hkvXpX

tJZ-]q¿∆w ChnsS ]kvXm-hn-°m-

Xn-cn-°m≥ F\n°v km≤y-a-√.

Pnlm-Zns\ kw_-‘n® kXy-bp-

‡-amb hnizm -ksØ Ch¿

FXn¿°p-∂p. a‰p≈ aX-hn-izm-k-

°mscsbms°-Ø-s∂bpw sIm

∂n-Sp-hm≥ Ah-kcw In´p-∂-

]£w sIm√p-∂Xp hen-sbmcp

]pWy-Ir-Xy-ambnØs∂ Ch¿

IW-°m-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

F∂m¬, Ckvemans‚ t]cn¬

a‰p≈hsc sIm√mw F∂ hnizm-

khpw tNmc-s°m-Xn-b≥ ako-

lns‚ Bhn¿`mhw kw_-‘n®

]h-N-\-ß-fn-ep≈ hnizm-khpw

c‡w Nn¥n Ckvemans\ ]N-cn-

∏n-°m-\p≈ A`n-hm©bpw F√mw

hnip≤ Jp¿-Bt‚bpw hniz-k-\o-

b-amb lZo-kp-I-fp-tSbpw ]mT-

ßƒ°v IS-I-hn-cp-≤-am-bn-´p-≈-

XtX! "\ΩpsS \_n-\m-b-I¿ (k)

Xncp-ta\n°v a°-bn¬ Ahn-izm-kn-

I-fpsS ssIømepw AXn-∂p-ti-

jhpw ]oU-\-ßfpw a¿±-\-ßfpw

kln-t°-≠n-h-∂n- p-≠v. Ahn-Sp∂v

a°-bn¬ Ign-®p-Iq- nb ]Xn-aq∂p

sIm√-°m-ehpw \m\m-X-c-ß-fmb

At\Iw IjvS-\-jvS-ß-fptSbpw

FÆ-a‰ Zpcn-Xm-\p- -h-ß-fp-tSbpw

Ime-am-bn -cp -∂p. AtXm¿°p-

tºmƒXs∂ Bcp-sSbpw Ic-f-en-

bpw. F∂m¬, Xs‚ iXp-°-fpsS

t\sc Xncp-ta\n (k) hmfq-cn-bn-

√. Ah-cpsS Zp¿`m-j-W-ßƒ°v

adp-]Sn ]d-™p-an-√. CXn-\Iw

At\Iw kJm-°fpw CjvS-in-jy-

∑mcpw \njv°-cpWw \nK-ln-°-

s∏-Sp-I-bp-ap-≠m-bn. Ahn-Sp-∂v-

Xs∂bpw ]e-Xcw hnj-a-X-Iƒ°v

Cc-bm-tI-≠n-h-∂p. Ah¿ At±-

lsØ hnjw sImSpØp sIm

√m≥ ian-®p. \_nsb h[n-°m≥

]e-h´w KpVm-tem-N-\-Iƒ \S-Øn.

a°-bnse aq∏-∑mcpw tKmX-Ø-e-

h-∑mcpw HØp-tN¿∂p Cu a\p

jys\ Fß-s\-sb-¶nepw \nK-ln-

°-W-sa∂p GI-I-WvTambn Xocp-

am-\n-°p-I-Xs∂ sNbvXp. At∏m-

gmWv ssZh-Øns‚ ]Xn-Im-c-\n-

baw ]h¿Ø-\-Øn¬ h∂-Xv. B

kabw Xs‚ hcn-jvT-∑m-cp-tSbpw

kXy-k-‘-cptSbpw kmXzn-I-cp-

tSbpw klm-b-I\pw Bi-b-ÿm-

\hpw Bb ssZhw, B \K-c-

Øn¬ Xn∑-b-√msX as‰m∂pw Ah-

ti-jn-®n-ń-√m-Ø-Xn-\m-epw, P\-

ßƒ \_nsb h[n-°p-hm≥ I®-

sIń ]pd-s∏-´-Xn-\mepw DSs\

\mSp-hn-´p-sIm-≈-W-sa∂v \_n

bv°v Adnhp \¬In. Aßs\

ssZh -Iev]-\-]-Imcw Ahn-Sp∂p

aZo-\-bn-tebv°v ]pd-s∏-´p. Cu

Ah-ÿ-bnepw iXp-°ƒ At±-l

sØ Xs‚ ]mń\p hn´p-I-f-bmsX

]n¥p-S-cp-Ibpw Ckvemans\ Nhn-

ń-sa-Xn-°m≥ Xs∂ Cd-ßn-∏p-d-s∏-

Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. C]-Imcw Ah-

cpsS AI-a-]-h¿Ø-\-ßƒ A

Xn¿I-S-°p-Ibpw \nc-]-cm-[n-I-fpsS

h[w, Ah¿°v in£ \¬tI

≠Xv Bh-iy-am-bn-cn-°p-amdv h¿≤n-

®p-h-cn-Ibpw sNbvX-t∏mƒ, Bfl-

c-£m¿∞w ]Xn-tcm-[-]-c-ambn

bp≤w sNbvXp-sIm-≈m≥ ssZhw

Ah¿°v A\p-hmZw \¬In. icn-

bmb bp≤-Øn-e-√msX shdp-

samcp tZml-sa-∂-\n-e-bn¬ \nc-

h[n \nc-]-cm-[n-Isf sIm√p-Ibpw

Ah-cpsS kzØp-°-sf√mw sIm

≈-b-Sn-°p-Ibpw sNbvX-Xn∂v ]I-

c-sa-t∂mWw AØcw s]cp-am‰w

Ahcpw Ah-cpsS klm-bnIfpw

A¿ln-°p-∂-Xp-am-X-am-bn-cp-∂p.

(a-kolv lnµp-ÿm≥ sa)

l. an¿km Kpemw AlvaZv (A)l. an¿km Kpemw AlvaZv (A)l. an¿km Kpemw AlvaZv (A)l. an¿km Kpemw AlvaZv (A)l. an¿km Kpemw AlvaZv (A)

7


IIIIIgn™ c≠v JpXzv_Iƒ Rm≥ C¥y-bn-emWv

\n¿∆-ln-®-Xv. H∂v C¥y-bpsS sX°≥ mK-Øp≈

tIcf kwÿm-\-Ønse tImgn-t°m v; c≠m-a-tØXv

U¬ln-bn-epw. ]n∂oSv Ah-ÿ-Iƒ \∂-√mØ Imc-

W-Øm¬ ]cy-S\w Npcp°n Xncn-®p-t]m-∂Xv \n

ßƒ°-dn-bmw. s]mXp-sh, Rm≥ ]cy-S\w Ign™v

Xncn-s®-Øp-tºmƒ ]cy-S-\-Øns‚ Ah-ÿm-hn-ti-

j-ßƒ hnh-cn-°m-dp-≠v. Cu kw -h-ßƒ tIƒ°p-

∂Xv temI-Øp≈ kIe AlvaZn-Iƒ°pw ioe-

am-bn-°-gn-™n-cn-°p-∂p. ]cy-S\w \S-Øp∂ cmPy-

ß-fnse Bfp-Iƒ°pw Xß-sf-°pdn®pw Fs¥-

¶nepw Rm≥ ]d-b--W-sa∂v BK-l-ap-≠m-Ip-∂p.

tImgn-t°mSv Rm≥ sNbvX JpXzv_bn¬ B

\mSns‚ ]m[m-\y-sØ-°p-dn®v aX-]-c-amb Ncn-X-

Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ lkz-ambn ]d-™n-cp∂p;

Ah-tcmSv Xß-fpsS DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-ß-sf-°p-dn®pw

]d-™n-cp-∂p. Ah-cpsS Bflm¿∞-X-sb-°p-dn®pw

hnizm-ky-X-sb-°p-dn®pw ]cm-a¿in-®n-cp-∂p. ]t£,

Fs‚ ]cy-S-\-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Ipd®p

Imcy-ßƒ IqSn ]d--bp-∂-Xm-Wv.

tIc-f-Øn¬ t]mIp-∂-Xn-\p-aptº Rßƒ

sNss∂ (aZmkv)- bn¬ Xßn-bn-cp-∂p. Ipd®p aWn-

°q-dp-Iƒ amXta Ahn-sS-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶nepw

ePv\-bpsS \√ Hcp ]cn-]mSn lkz-ambn \S-°p-I-

bp-≠m-bn. Ah-cpsS DØ-chmZnØ-sØ-°p-dn®v Npcp-

ßnb \ne-bn¬ Ah-tcmSv ]d-™p. au≠v tXmakv

F∂ ÿeØv \n¿Ωn® \ΩpsS ]≈nbpw DZvLm-

S\w sNbvXp. CsXmcp sNdnb Pam-A-Øm-Wv.

F∂m¬, AX sNdp-Xp-a-√. \qdp-°-W-°n\v Bfp-

tIcfw: AlvaZn-ø-Øns‚tIcfw: AlvaZn-ø-Øns‚tIcfw: AlvaZn-ø-Øns‚tIcfw: AlvaZn-ø-Øns‚tIcfw: AlvaZn-ø-Øns‚]Xo£]Xo£]Xo£]Xo£]Xo£

_bvØp¬ ^pXq-ln¬ (e≠≥) Jeo^Øp¬ akolv Jmankv (A-ø-Z-lp...)_bvØp¬ ^pXq-ln¬ (e≠≥) Jeo^Øp¬ akolv Jmankv (A-ø-Z-lp...)_bvØp¬ ^pXq-ln¬ (e≠≥) Jeo^Øp¬ akolv Jmankv (A-ø-Z-lp...)_bvØp¬ ^pXq-ln¬ (e≠≥) Jeo^Øp¬ akolv Jmankv (A-ø-Z-lp...)_bvØp¬ ^pXq-ln¬ (e≠≥) Jeo^Øp¬ akolv Jmankv (A-ø-Z-lp...)

12-˛12-˛2008\v \n¿∆-ln®Xv12-˛12-˛2008\v \n¿∆-ln®Xv12-˛12-˛2008\v \n¿∆-ln®Xv12-˛12-˛2008\v \n¿∆-ln®Xv12-˛12-˛2008\v \n¿∆-ln®Xv

I-fp-≠v. A√m-lp-hns‚ A\p-K-l-Øm¬ Bflm¿∞-

X-bnepw hnizm-ky-X-bnepw hfsc hf¿∂ Pam-A-

Øm-Wv. Fw.-Sn.-F.-bpsS A\p-Klw A√mlp \ap°v

\evIn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. AXv Pam-A-Øp-I-fn¬ Hcp

sFIyhpw Jnem- -Øp-am-bn- p≈ _‘hpw ÿm]n-

X-am-°n-bn- p-≠v. Cu ]tZiw JmZn-bm-\n¬ \n∂v GI-

tZiw c≠m-bncw Intem-ao-‰¿ Zqc-ØmWv ÿnXn-sN-

øp-∂-Xv. JmZn-bm-\n¬ Hcn-°epw t]mbn-´n-√mØ

[mcmfw AlvaZn-Iƒ Ahn-sS-bp-≠m-Ipw. Ah-

cpsSsb√m-h-cp-tSbpw IÆp-I-fn¬ Jnem- -Øn-t\m-

Sp≈ Iqdpw A®-S-°hpw Pam-A-Øn-em-b-Xns‚ A`n-

am-\-]-I-S-\hpw Pam-A-Øp-am-bn- p≈ _‘hpw hf-

sc-b-[nIpw ImWm-am-bn-cp-∂p. AXn-s\mcp ImcWw

ChnsS Ign-™p-I-S-∂p-t]mb [mcm-fw alm-flm-°-

fpsS in£-W-am-Wv. c≠m-a-tØXv Rm≥ ]d-™-Xp-

t]mse Fw.-Sn.-F.-bpsS kzm[o-\-am-Wv. ]Zy-ßƒ

sNm√p∂ ssienbpw ]Zy-]m-cm-b-W-hp-sams° F√m-

bn-SØpw GI-tZiw Hcp-t]m-se-bm-bn-cp-∂p. AXv

B^n-°-bm-I-s´, Gjy-bm-I-s´, bqtdm-∏m-I-s´, Cu

_‘hpw sFIyhpw ssZhm-\p-K-l-Øm¬ Pam-A-

Øn¬ \ntXy\ h¿≤n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. Ign-™p-

t]mb alm-flm-°-fpsS Chn-SpsØ X¿_n-ø-Øn-s\-

°p-dn®v Rm≥ ]d-bp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. sNss∂ ]´-W-

Øn¬ As√-¶n¬ B ]tZ-iØv AlvaZn-øØv

lZvdØv akolv auDuZn (A)s‚ Ime-L-´-

Øn¬Øs∂ FØn-bn-cp-∂p. lZvdØv akolv

auDuZn(A)s‚ 16 klm-_m-°ƒ Chn-sS-bp-≠m-bn-

cp-∂-Xmbn Ncn-X-Øn¬ \n∂v a\- n-em-Ip-∂p. Ah-

cpsS a°fpw Xe-ap-d-Ifpw AlvaZn-ø-Øn¬ Ct∏mgpw

8


\ne-\n-∂p-h-cp-∂p. ]pXnb AlvaZn-Ifpw ChnsS-bp-

≠v. au≠v tXma-kn¬ \n¿Ωn® ]≈n-sb-°p-dn®v

Rm≥ ]d-™p. B ÿe-Øn\pw aX-]-c-amb Ncn-

Xap-≠v. Chn-SpsØ ssIkvXh Ncn-Xa\pk-cn®v

Cukm(-A)s‚ At∏m-kvX-e-\mb tXmamkv In. 52-

˛¬ Cu ]tZ-iØv h∂ncp-∂p. tIc-f-Øn-eq-sS-bmWv

At±lw Chn-sS-sb-Øn-b-Xv. Hcp sNdnb ]¿∆-X-]-

tZ-i-am-Wn-Xv. CXns\ au≠v tXmam F∂p ]d-bp-

∂p. Chn-sS-sbmcp N¿®p-ap-≠v. 15, 16 h¿jw At±lw

ChnsS Xma-kn-®p. Chn-sS-sh-®p-Xs∂ GtXm Hcp

iXp At±-lsØ h[n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Chn-sS-

Øs∂ ad-b-S-°n-sb-¶nepw ]n∂oSv At±-l-Øns‚

icocw h-Øn-°m-\n-te°v sIm≠p-t]m-bn. At∏m-kvX-

e-\mb tXmamkv ChnsS h∂-Xns‚ Dt±iyw Ckm-

bo-ense ImWmsX t]mb Bfp-Isf At\z-jn-®p-I-

s≠Øn Ah¿°v tbip-hns‚ ktµiw FØn-°p-

I-bm-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v a\- n-em-Ip-∂p. At∏m-kvX-e-

\mb tXmam-kn-s\-°p-dn®v ]d-b-s∏-Sp-∂Xv At±lw

tbip-hns‚ Ipcn-ip-kw-`-h-Øn-\p-tijw B alm

flm-hn-t\m-sSm∏w bmX sNbvXp-sh-∂m-Wv. At±lw

GI-ssZ-h-hn-izm-kn-bm-bn-cp-∂p. At±-l-sØ-°p-dn®v

lZvdØv akolv auDuZpw (-A) Fgp-Xn-bn- p-≠v. _dm-

los\ AlvaZnøm 5˛mw `mKØv ]d-bp-∂p: Nne

At∏m-kvX-e-∑m¿ C¥ym-cm-PyØv h∂n-cp-∂p-sh∂v

InkvXym-\n-Ifpw hniz-kn-°p-∂p-≠v. At∏m-kvX-e-

\mb tXmam-bpsS aZm-knse BKa-\hpw Ct∂-hsc

At±-lsØ kvacn-®p-sIm≠v AhnsS \S-Øp∂

ktΩ-f-\-ßfpw Cu kw -h-a-dn-bp∂ Bcn¬\n∂pw

ad-™-X-√. CXn\p ]p-dta "a¬^q-km-Øn¬' tXmam

At∏m-kvX-e≥ F∂ t]cnepw B alm-flmhv ]d-

™n-´p-≠v. Hcn-SØv ]d-™p: F]-Imcw \_n(-k)

Xncp-ta\n lnPvd-Øns‚ t\cØv A_q_°dp-ambn

bmX ]pd-s∏- n-cp-∂pthm A]-Imcw lZvdØv Cukm

(A)bpw lnPvd-Øns‚ t\cØv At∏m-kvX-e-\mb

tXmam-tbm-sSm∏w ]pd-s∏- n-cp-∂p. P\-ßƒ°v Xß-

fpsS Imcyw IqSp-X¬ a\- n-em-I-cp-sX-∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p

AXn-\p≈ Imc-Ww. hfsc kq£va-X-tbmsS bmX

sNbvXv Aßs\ Ah¿ Iivao-cn-se-Øn.

tIc-f-Ønse blq-Zn-I-fpsS Ncn-X-sØ-°p-dn®v

]d-b-s´. ChnsS blq-Zn-Iƒ hfsc aptº -h∂v Xma-

kn-®n-cp-∂p. Ahsc X_veoKv sNøp-∂-Xn\v tbip-

hns‚ At∏m-kvX-e-∑m¿ ChnsS htc-≠Xv AXym-h-

iy-am-bn-cp-∂p. Cukm(A) sIm≠p-h∂ ktµiw

kzoI-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬\n∂v Ah¿ ]n¥-≈-s∏- p-Iq-S-t√m.

F¥m-bmepw ]d-™-Xns‚ Dt±-iyw, Cu ]´Ww ]pcm-

X-\-amb aX-N-cnXw Dƒs°m-≈p-∂p-sh-∂-Xm-Wv.

Ct∏mƒ A√m-lp-hns‚ A\p-K-l-Øm¬ apl-Ω-Zo-

a-ko-lns‚ At∏m-kvX-e-∑m¿ aptJ-\, B alm-flm-

hns‚ klm-_n-am¿ aptJ\ Cu ]tZ-iØv AlvaZn-

øØv h∂p. AXpw ssZhm-\p-K-l-Øm¬ A`n-hr-

≤n-s∏-´p-h-cp-∂p. `mhn-X-e-ap-dbpw hnizm-k-Ønepw

Bflm¿∞-X-bnepw A`n-hr-≤n-s∏-Sp-∂p. Cukm-a-ko-

lns‚ At∏m-kvX-e≥ Xs‚ Xma-k-ÿ-e-am-°nb

AtX-ÿ-e-Øp-Xs∂ akvPnZv \n¿Ωn-°m\p≈

ku`mKyw Cu h¿jw Pam-A-Øn\p e`n-®p. Ahn-

sS-\n-∂mWv InkvXp-aXw hym]n-®-Xv. Rm≥ ]d-™-

Xp-t]mse Chn-sS-sbmcp N¿®p-≠v. B akvPn-Zns‚

A\p-Klw sIm≠v BZy-tØ-°mƒ IqSp-X¬ apl-

Ω-Zo-a-ko-lns‚ ktµ-iw B ]tZ-iØv ]-N-cn-∏n-

°m≥ A√mlp Ct∏mƒ AlvaZn-Iƒ°v `mKyw

\evIp-∂p. Ah-cpsS Cu ku`mKyw h¿≤n-®p-sIm-

t≠-t]m-Im≥ A√mlp A\p-K-ln-°p-am-dm-I-s´.

ImcWw, C°m-eØv Ah-cpsS tam£w, B \nc¿∞-

I-amb hnizm-k-ap-t]-£n®v \_n(-k)-bpsS ZmkXzw

kzoI-cn-°p-∂-Xn-em-Wv. a\pjys\ ssZh-am°n sh-

°p-∂-Xn-\p-]-Icw, GI-\mb A√m-lp-hns‚ apºn¬

Ip\n-bp-∂-Xn-em-Wv. CXmWv sNss∂-bpsS lkz-amb

Ncn-Xw. Chn-sS-\n∂v Rm≥ ]d-™-Xp-t]mse tImgn-

t°m-t -°p≈ bmX-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Cu ]tZ-i-ØmWv

tXmam-«ol h∂-Xv. ImcWw Chn-sS-bm-bn-cp∂p blq-

Zn-Iƒ IqSp-X-embn Xma-kn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. Ch¿ ae-_mcn

blq-Zn-Iƒ F∂v ]d-b-s∏- n-cp-∂p. lZvdØv kpsse-

am (A)s‚ Imew-ap-Xte I®-h-S-kw-L-ßƒ ChnsS

hcm-dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v Ch-cpsS Ncn-Xhpw ]d-bp-

∂p. Ah-tcm-sSm∏w blq-Zn-Ifpw ChnsS h∂n- p-≠m-

Ipw. F¥m-bmepw tXmakv ChnsS hcn-Ibpw blq-

Zn-Iƒ°v InkvXp-a-X-Øns‚ ktµiw FØn-°p-

Ibpw sNbvXp. A[n-I-am-fp-Ifpw At±-lsØ kzoI-

cn-®p. At±lw aptJ\ InkvXp-aXw kzoI-cn-®-h¿

B \m´n¬ Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂Xv \kmWn F∂m-Wv.

CXmWv B \m´nse blq-Zn-I-fpsS Ncn-Xw. ChnsS

lnµp-°-fmWv qcn-]-£-hpw. apkv enwIfpw [mcm-f-

ap-≠v. ]t£, kI-ecpw AhnsS CS-]-gIn Pohn-°p-

∂ps-h-∂Xv A√m-lp-hns‚ A\p-K-l-am-Wv. cmPy-

Øns‚ GsX-¶nepw `mKØv h¿§o-b-I-em-]-ap-≠m-

bm¬X-s∂bpw tIc-f-°m¿°v AXp-ambn Hcp _-‘-

hp-ap-≠m-hp-I-bn-√.

F\nt°m¿Ω-bp≠v, Lm\-bn¬ tIc-f-°m-c-\mb

9


Hcp kplrØv Rßƒ°p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Rm≥ Hmô-

kn¬ t]mb-t∏mƒ AhnsS At±-l-hp-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

Hcp Lm\-°mc≥ AhnsS h∂p. At±lw F-t∂mSv

"\nßƒ C¥y-°mc\mtWm' F∂v tNmZn-®p. Rm≥

]d™p A√, ]mInkvXm-\nbm-Wv. ]m°n-kvXm-\nbpw

C¥y°mcpw XΩn¬ F¥mWv hyXym-k-sa∂v

Abmƒ tNmZn-®p. Ft∂-°mƒ aptº AhnsS FØn-

bn-cp∂ tIc-f-Ønse InkvXy≥, ""Rßƒ XΩn¬

Hcp hyXym-k-hp-an-s√∂pw `qan-im-kvX-]-c-amb

hyXym-k-ta-bp-≈qsh∂pw'' ]d-™p. F¥m-bmepw

Ah-cpsS Nn¥m-KXn hfsc \√-Xm-Wv. hn`m-Ko-bX

D≠m-°m≥ Ah-cm-K-ln-°p-∂n-√. kl-\-i‡n Ch-

cn¬ hfsc IqSp-X-ep-≠v. Atd-_y-bn¬ \n∂v hmWn-

Py-kw-L-ßƒ ChnsS FØm-dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Ah¿

aptJ-\-bmWv Ckvemw C-hnsS FØn-b-Xv. hmWn-Py-

kw-L-tØm-sSm∏w lZvdØv amenIv _n≥ Zo\m¿,

Jnem-^sØ dmin-Zm-bpsS Ime-L-´-Øn¬ ChnsS

h∂p. Ad-_n-I-fmb 12 I®-h-S-°mcpw At±-ltØm-

sSm-∏-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. A°m-e-L- -Øn¬ Ahn-SpsØ

cmPmhv s]cp-amƒ Ckvemw kzoI-cn-®p. BZyw

Ckveman-s\-°p-dn®v At±lw ]Tn-®p. ]n∂oSv Ckvemw

kXy-ams-W∂v a\- n-em°n AXv kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw

sNbvXp. AtX I®-h-S-kw-L-tØm-sSm∏w At±lw

a°-bnepw t]mbn. Ckvemans‚ at\m-l-c-amb A[ym-

]\w a\- n-em-°nbpw Znhym-¤p-X-ßƒ I≠p-am-bn-

cp∂p cmPmhv Ckvemw kzoI-cn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. Cu

ÿeØv Hcp cmPmhv Ckvemw kzoI-cn-®-Xns\ kw_-

‘n®v lZvdØv akolv auDuZpw(A) ]d-™n- p-≠v.

t]cn¬ Aev]w hyXymkw ImWmw. A°m-esØ

t]cpw Ct∏mƒ Ch¿ ]d-bp∂ t]cpw XΩn-ep-ff

hyXym-k-am-Imw AXv. Ahn-SpsØ cmPmhv apkven

ambn F∂v lZvdØv akolv auDu-Zv(-A) ]d-™p.

AhnsS ]n∂oSv Ckvemw hym]n-®p. F∂√, Xß-

fpw B cmPm-hns‚ k¥m-\-]-c-º-c-bn¬s]-´-Xm-

sW∂v Ahn-SpsØ Hcp AlvaZn IpSpw_w Ft∂mSv

]d-bp-I-bp-≠m-bn. B cmPmhn¬ ]e KpW-ßfpw

D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. hcpw-Im-esØ Xe-ap-d-bv°p-th≠n

At±lw A°m-eØv ]m¿∞n-®n- p-ap-≠m-Ipw. A√m-

lp-X-Be `mhn-X-e-ap-d-bnse Hcp hn`m-K-Øn\v

AlvaZnøm Pam-AØv kzoI-cn-°m\pw XuôJv

\evIn. Rm≥ aptº Hcp JpXzv_bn¬ ]d-™-Xp-

t]mse, tIc-f-Øn¬ GI-tZiw \qdp-i-X-am-\hpw

km£-c-cm-Wv. a‰p cmPy-ß-fn¬ CXns‚ tXmXv hfsc

Ipd-hm-Wv. apkvenwI-fn-em-sW-¶n¬ C√m-Ø-Xn\p

Xpey-hpw. F∂m¬, tIcf apkvenwI-fn¬ 90%

Øntesd km£-c-cm-Wv. F√m henb aX-ß-tfbpw

Dƒs°m-≠n- p≈ ]tZ-i-am-Wn-Xv. hnZym-k-º-∂-cmb

sXfn-a-bm¿∂ Nn¥m-K-Xn-°mcpw Chn-sS-bp-≠v. kl-

\-io-ecpw Ch-cn¬ hf-sc-b-[n-I-am-Wv. AlvaZn-ø-

Øns‚ icn-bmb ]t_m-[-\hpw icn-bmb \ne-bpw

XpS¿®-bmb ]cn-i-a-hp-ap-s≠-¶n¬ AlvaZn-ø-Øn\v

AXv ê-k-ar-≤-amb aÆm-bn-Øo-cp-sa∂v Rm≥

]Xo-£n-°p-∂p.

a‰p-≈n-S-ß-fn¬ Nne apkvenw kwL-S-\-Iƒ shdp-

∏n-t‚bpw hntZz-j-Ønt‚bpw coXn kzoI-cn-®n- p-≈-

Xp-t]mse Chn-sSbpw ]cn-iaw \S-°p-∂p-≠v.

F∂m¬, s]mXpsh P\-ßƒ C°m-cy-Øn\v FXn-

cm-Wv. CXn-√m-Xm-°m\pw Ah¿ BK-ln-°p∂p.

FXn¿°p∂ Bfp-Iƒ Chn-sS-bp-ap-≠v. Rm≥

AhnsS sN√p-tºmƒ AØ-c-°m¿ sX‰mb coXn-

bn¬ ]Xn-I-cn-°m\pw CS-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ]t£,

^nXv\-bp-≠m-°m≥ BK-ln-°p-Itbm As√-¶n¬

òI-c-hm-Zn-I-fn¬ s]Sp-Itbm sNbvXn- p≈ AØcw

kwL-sØ-°pdn®v H∂v c≠v amkw aptº Adn-bm≥

Ign-™p-sh-∂pw A√mlphns‚ A\p-K-l-Øm¬

k¿°m¿ Ahsc XS-™p-sh∂pw Ft∂mSv ]d-

™p. F¥m-bmepw A√mlp A\p-Klw sNmcn-bp-

I-bp-≠m-bn. \ΩpsS ]cy-S-\-Øn-∂n-S-bn¬ Hcn-S-Øp-

\n∂pw FXn¿∏ns‚ i_vZw Db¿∂n-√. F∂√,

\ΩpsS FXn-cn¬ ]h¿Øn-°p∂-h-cpsS ]X-ß-

fnepw Atß-b‰w am\y-amb coXn-bn¬ Rm≥

AhnsS sN-∂-Xn-s\-°p-dn®v hm¿Ø ]kn-≤o-I-cn-®p-

sh∂v Ahn-SpsØ Hcp AlvaZn tP¿W-enÃv F\n-

s°-gp-Xp-I-bp-≠m-bn. \ΩpsS Pam-A-Øn-bmb ]cn-

]m-Sn-Ifpw \√ \ne-bn¬ \S∂psIm-≠n-cp-∂p. Hcp

AlvaZn kvt\ln-Xs‚ hoń-emWv Rm≥ AhnsS

Xma-kn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. AhnsS \n∂v ]≈n-bn-te°v 20

an\p´v Zqc-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. \ΩpsS ]≈nbpw \K-c-

Øns‚ HØ \Sp-hn-em-Wv. F∂√, \ΩpsS dnk]-

vj≥ ]cn-]mSn \S-∂-t∏mƒ AhnsS ]pd-Ø-ff AXn-

Yn-Ifpw h∂n-cp-∂p. Ah-cn¬ Hcp cmjvSob t\Xmhv

]d-™Xv \nß-fpsS ]≈n \K-c-Øns‚ lrZ-b-Øn-

em-sW-∂m-Wv. henb tIµ-ÿ-e-ØmWv Cu ]≈n

\ne--sIm-≈p-∂-Xv. C≥im-A-√mlv \K-c-lr-Z-b-Ønse

\-ΩpsS Cu ]≈n-bn¬ \n∂v kvt\l-Øns‚

ktµiw ]N-cn-°pw. AXv lrZ-b-ßsf AXn-P-bn-

t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

10


kwÿm\ k¿°m¿ \sΩ hf-sc-tbsd klm-

bn-®p. Hcp AlvaZn t]meokv Hmô-ksd \ap°v

X∂p. At±lw Xs‚ kwL-tØm-sSm∏w h∂n

cp∂p. s]mXpsh P\-ß-fpsS kl-I-c-Whpw hfsc

\√-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. \nXyhpw c≠p-X-hW ]≈n-bn¬

t]mbn´pw P\-ßƒ hnj-an-°p-sa∂v ]d-bp-Itbm

Ahsc Hcp- m-KØv XSp-Øp-\n-dp-Øp-Itbm D≠mbn-

√. Nne-t∏mƒ kzbw Sm^n°v XS- -ap≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

kz¥w Xmev]-cy-tØmsS Bfp-Iƒ hgn Hgn-®p-X-∂n-

cp-∂p. AXp-sIm-≠mWv ]d-™-Xv, Cu aÆn¬ \n∂v

icn-bmb \ne-bn¬ ê-ap-≠m-°m≥ AlvaZn-Iƒ

ian-°W-sa-∂v.

tImgn-t°m-t´bpw AXns‚ Np‰p-]m-Sn-ep-ap≈

Pam-A-Øp-I-fn-tebpw Alva-Zn-I-fp-ambn IqSn-°mgvN

\S-∂p. Bbn-c-°-W-°n\v Alva-Zn-Iƒ AhnsS

FØn-bn-cp-∂p. A√mlphns‚ A\p-K-l-Øm¬

F√m-h-cp-ambpw IqSn-°m-gvN°v XuôJv Inń. Cu

IqSn-°m-gvN-bpsS CS-bnepw Rm≥ aptº ]d-™p-I-

gn-™-Xp-t]mse ]pcp-j-∑mcpw kvXoIfpw Ipń-Ifpw

ImWn® _‘-Ønt‚bpw hnizm-ky-X-bp-tSbpw ]I-

S-\hpw A¤p-X-I-c-am-bn-cp-∂p. Bflm¿∞X-bnepw

hnizm-ky-X-bnepw Ch¿ hfsc hf¿∂p-I-gn-™n-´p-

≈-h-cm-Wv. Ipd-®p-h¿jw aptº _bv-AØv sNbvXv

Pam-A-Øn¬ tN¿∂-h-cmWv ]e-cpw. ]t£

Bflm¿∞-Xbnepw Iqdp-]p-e¿Øp-∂-Xnepw Ah¿

hfsc hf¿∂p-I-gn-™n-cn°p-∂p. Ah¿ Pam-A-

Øns‚ \nkm-ap-ambn Cgp-In-t®¿∂p. FX-tØm-f-

sa-∂m¬, Ah¿ ]pXn-bXmbn _bv-AØv sNbvX-h-

cmtWm ]gb Alva-Zn-I-fmtWm F∂v Xncn-®-dn-bm≥

Ign-bn-√. tkh-\-Øn¬ Ah¿ apºn-em-Wv. ]ecpw

Pam-A-Øns‚ hfsc ]-[m-\s∏- mc-hm-ln-I-fm-Wv.

hfsc \√ -co-Xn-bn¬ tkh-\-a-\p-jvTn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-

°p-∂p. Pam-A-Øns‚ \nkmw a\- n-em-°p-∂-Xn\pw

Xß-fpsS \ne-hmcw sa®-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-\p-ambn

Bh¿Øn-®m-h¿Øn®v Ah¿ tNmZyw tNmZn-®p-sIm-

≠n-cp-∂p; Xß-fpsS Adnhv h¿≤n-∏n-°m≥ ian-®p-

sIm-≠n-cp-∂p. Pam-A-Øns‚ ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ icn-

bmb \ne-bn¬ apt∂m- p-sIm-≠p-t]m-Im≥ th≠n-bm-

bn-cp∂p AXv. CØcw ]pXnb Alva-Zn-Iƒ F√m-

bn-S-Øp-ap-≠m-tI-≠-Xm-Wv. _bv-AØv sNøp-∂-Xp-

sIm≠v amXw Hcp Imcy-hp-an-√. FÆw h¿≤n-∏n-°p-

I-sb-∂-X√ Xs‚ Dt±-iy-sa∂v lZvdØv akolv

auDu-(-A)Zpw ]d-™n-´p-≠v. XJvh-bn¬ A`n-hr-≤n-

s∏-Sp-∂-h¿ D≠m-tI-≠-Xm-Wv. Pam-A-Øn\v e-]-Z-

am-bn- p≈ ]Iz-amb _bv-AØv \S-Øm≥ a‰p temI-

tcmSpw C¥y-bnse a‰p ]tZ-i-ß-fn-ep≈ Pam-A-Øp-

I-tfmSpw Rm≥ ]d-bp-I-bm-Wv. AXv Pam-A-Øn\v

BtcmKyw ]Zm\w sNøp-∂-Xm-bn-cn-°-Ww. AXns‚

D≈n¬ \n∂v ]n∂oSv F√m- X-c-Ønepw êw

Imbv°p∂ ac-ß-fp-≠m-I-Ww. If-™p-t]mb _bv-

A-Øp-Isf tXSn-∏n-Sn-°pI F∂v Rm≥ ]d-bp-tºmƒ

AXn-t\m-sSm∏w kz¥w t\´w amXw ImWp-Ibpw

X¿_n-ø-Øns‚ Ipd-hp-sIm≠v \„-s∏-´p-t]m-hp-

Ibpw sNøp∂ _bv-AØv sIm≠p-h-c-cp-sX-∂p≈

ktµ-ihpw AXn-e-S-ßp-∂p-≠v. Ah-cpsS DZm-l-cWw

]d-h-I-fp-tS-Xm-sW-¶n¬ Jp¿-B≥ ]d™

AXm-bXv Ahsc \nß-tfm-sSm∏w CW°pI.

]n∂oSv Ahsb \n∂n-te°v hnfn-

°pI. F∂m¬, Ah \ns‚-b-Sp-°-te°v HmSn-h-cp-

∂-Xm-Wv. AØcw Alva-Zn-I-fmWv \ap°v th≠-Xv;

PamA-Øns‚ ]h¿Ø-\-Øn-\mbn Hcp Hgn-I-gnhpw

]d-bmsX Xßsf ka¿∏n-°p-∂-h¿. Pam-A-Øn¬

]th-in-®bp-Ss\ Ah¿ \nkm-ap-ambn Cgp-In-t®-c-

Ww. A√m-lp-hn-te°v £Wn-°p-∂-h¿, kzm¿∞-X-

bn¬ \n∂v kzX-¥-cmbn X_veoKv sNøm-Øn-S

tØmfw AhcpsS Cuams‚ ÿm\w Ai‡-am-

Wv. kzm¿∞-X-bn¬ \n∂v ap‡-ambn X_veoKv sNøp-

∂-h¿°v temIsØ kw_-‘n®v b-an-√. a‰p-≈-hsc

ImWn-°p-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n Ah¿ ]h¿Øn-°m-dpan√.

adn®v, A√m-lp-hns‚ Xr]vXn-°p-th-≠n-bm-bn-cn°pw

Ah-cpsS ]h¿Ø-\w. Cß-s\-bm-Ip-tºm-gmWv ]pXn-

b-Xmbn hcp-∂-hcpw Pam-A-Øns‚ \nkm-an¬ icn-

bmb \ne-bn¬ tIm¿°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. Pam-AØo

\nkmw ]pXp-Xmbn hcp-∂-hsc kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw

Ahsc ]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Cß-

s\-bp-≠m-Ip-∂n-s√-¶n¬ Rm≥ ]e-]m-hiyw ]d-

™p-I-gn-™n- p≈ AtX Ahÿ Xs∂-bm-bn-cn°pw

kw -hn-°pI. AXm-b-Xv, Nne _bv-A-Øp-Isf kw_-

‘n®v Adn-bmt\ Ign-bp-∂n-√. C°mcyw Rm≥ A\p-

_-‘-ambn ]d-™p-sh-t∂-bp-≈q. Cu hnj-bsØ

kw_-‘n®v as‰m-c-hk-c-Øn¬ ]cm-a¿in°p-∂-XmWv.

Cu amXrI F\n°v Z£n-tW-¥y-bn¬ ImWm≥

Ign-™p. ]pXn-b-Xmbn tN¿∂p-sIm≠pw XymK-ß-

fn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°p∂ Bfp-I-fm-Wn-h¿. ]≈n \n¿Ωm-

(tijw 38 ˛ ¬)(tijw 38 ˛ ¬)(tijw 38 ˛ ¬)(tijw 38 ˛ ¬)(tijw 38 ˛ ¬)

11


Jp¿-B\pw ]]-©-hn -⁄m-\o -bhpwJp¿-B\pw ]]-©-hn -⁄m-\o -bhpwJp¿-B\pw ]]-©-hn -⁄m-\o -bhpwJp¿-B\pw ]]-©-hn -⁄m-\o -bhpwJp¿-B\pw ]]-©-hn -⁄m-\o -bhpw

hnhnhnhnhnip≤ Jp¿-B≥ Ah-X-cn-

°p∂ ImeØv ]]-©-Øns‚

kz`m-h-sØ-°p-dn®pw BIm-i-

tKm-f-ß-fpsS Ne-\-sØ-°p-dn®pw

As√-¶n¬ Ah-bpsS \n›-e-X-

sb-°p-dn-®p-ap≈ a\p-jys‚ [mc-

W-Iƒ, AXy¥w ]m‡-\hpw

Ccpƒ \nd-™-Xp-am-bn -cp -∂p.

C°m-eØv ]]-©-sØ-∏-‰n-bp≈

\ΩpsS hn⁄m\w KWy--ambn

]ptcm-K-an-°p-Ibpw hnI-kn-°p-

Ibpw sNbvX-tXm-sSm∏w B

]gb [mc-W-Ifpw amdn-°gn-™p.

]]© krjvSn-∏ns\ w_-

‘n® Nne kn≤m-¥-ßƒ kXy-

am-sW∂v ÿm]n-X-am-b-Xm-Wv.

Nne-Xn-s\-∏‰n Kth-j-W-ßƒ \S-

∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. hnI-kn-

°p∂ ]]©w (Expanding Uni-verse) F∂ k¶¬]w BZyw

]d™ KW-Øn¬s∏-´-Xm-Wv.

AXv imkvX kaqlw Hcp kXy-

amsW∂ \ne°v km¿∆-Xn-I-ambn

AwKo-I-cn-®-Xm-Wv. 1920¬ FUzn≥

l_nƒ* F∂ imkvX-⁄-\mWv

Cu I≠p-]nSnØw \S-Øn-b-Xv.

F∂m¬, ]Xn-aq∂v \q‰m-≠p-

Iƒ°v aptº AXv hy‡-ambpw

hnip≤ Jp¿-B-\n¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-

Øn-bn- p-≠v.

BIm-isØ \ΩpsS i‡n-

sIm≠v (A-bvZn≥) \mw krjvSn-

®n-cn-°p-∂p. Xo¿®-bmbpw \mw

AXns\ hnI-kn-∏n®p sIm≠n-

cn-°p-∂-h-\m-Wv. (aq-kn-Du≥) 1

\nc-¥cw hnI-kn-®p-sIm-≠n-

cn-°p∂ ]]©w F∂ k¶¬]w

Jp¿-B-\n¬ amX-ap-≈-Xm-sW∂

Imcyw \mw Hm¿°Ww. CXns\

kw_-‘n®v as‰mcp ssZhn-I-K-

Ÿhpw hnZq-c-amb kqN\ t]m

epw \¬In-bn-´n-√. ]]©w \nc-

¥cw hnI-kn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂p

F∂ I≠p-]n-SnØw imkvX-⁄-

∑msc w_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw G‰

hpw ][m-\-s∏-´-Xm-Wv. ImcWw,

* FUzn≥ l_nƒ (Edwin Hubble - 1889-1953) B≥tUm-aoU KmeIvkn \ΩpsS Kme-Ivkn-bn¬ \n∂v hfsc AI-se-

bm-sW∂v Is≠-Ønb Ata-cn-°-bnse hnJym-X-\mb tPymXn-im-kvX-Pv≥. Kme-Ivkn-Iƒ XΩn¬ AI-ep-I-bm-sW∂ tUm]vf¿

]`m-h -(Dopler effect) Øn-eqsS ÿm]n-®p. hnZqc Kme-Ivkn-I-fn¬ \n∂v hcp∂ ]Im-i-Øns‚ kvs]IvSw ]cn-tim-[n-°p-

tºmƒ Ah-bpsS kvs]IvSn tcJ-Iƒ Xcw-K-ssZ¿Lyw IqSnb mK-tØ°v \oßnbXmbn ImW-s∏-Sp-∂p. Kme-Ivkn-I-fpsS

kvs]IvS-Ønse Cu sNa∏v \o°sØ (Red shift) ASn-ÿm-\-am°n Ah AI∂p t]mbvs°m-≠n-cn-°p∂-Xmbn At±lw

IW-°m-°n. hnI-kn-°p∂ ]]© amXrI At±-l-Øns‚ Cu I≠p-]n-Sn-Ø-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-ep-≈-Xm-Wv. (hnh:)

]]©w XpS-°-Øn¬ Fßs\

krjvSn-°-s∏´p F∂-Xns\ kw_-

‘n®v icn-bmb [mc-W-bp-≠m-

°m≥ AXv klm-b-I-am-hpw.

_nKv_mßv kn≤m-¥-Øn-te°v

IrXy-ambn B\-bn-°p∂ coXn-

bn¬ ]]© krjvSn-bpsS L´w

L -am-bp≈ ]In-bsb∏‰n AXv

hy‡-ambpw hnh-cn -°p -∂p.

Jp¿B≥ AhnsS \n∂v apt∂m-

´p-t]mbn ]]-©-Øns‚ XpS-°

sØ kw_--‘n®pw HSp-°sØ

kw_-‘n®pw ho≠pw AXp-t]m-

se-bp≈ XpS-°sØ kw_-‘n

®pw hnh-cn-°p-∂p. ]]© kr

jvSn -∏ns‚ XpS-°-amb _nKv

_mßv ]Xn-`m-k-Øns‚ kq£v

aX hnh-cWw Jp¿-B≥ \¬Ip-

∂Xv C]-Im-c-am-Wv:

""Ahn-izm-kn-Iƒ ImWp-∂n-

t√? BIm-i-ßfpw qanbpw kwL-

\n-X-amb Hcp ]nfi (c-XvJ≥)

ambn-cp-∂p. ]n∂oSv \mw AXns\

(I-gn™ amkw ]kn-≤o-I-cn-® "shfn-]mSv, bp‡n, ⁄m\w, kXyw'(I-gn™ amkw ]kn-≤o-I-cn-® "shfn-]mSv, bp‡n, ⁄m\w, kXyw'(I-gn™ amkw ]kn-≤o-I-cn-® "shfn-]mSv, bp‡n, ⁄m\w, kXyw'(I-gn™ amkw ]kn-≤o-I-cn-® "shfn-]mSv, bp‡n, ⁄m\w, kXyw'(I-gn™ amkw ]kn-≤o-I-cn-® "shfn-]mSv, bp‡n, ⁄m\w, kXyw'

F∂ KŸ-Øn¬ \n∂v)F∂ KŸ-Øn¬ \n∂v)F∂ KŸ-Øn¬ \n∂v)F∂ KŸ-Øn¬ \n∂v)F∂ KŸ-Øn¬ \n∂v)

an¿km Xzmln¿ AlvaZvan¿km Xzmln¿ AlvaZvan¿km Xzmln¿ AlvaZvan¿km Xzmln¿ AlvaZvan¿km Xzmln¿ AlvaZv

12


]nf¿Øp-Ibpw (^-XvJ≥) sN

bvXp. Poh-\p≈ F√m-‰n-t\bpw

\mw Pe-Øn¬ \n∂v D≠m-°p-

Ibpw sNbvXp. -F-∂n v Dh¿ hniz-

kn-°p-∂n-t√?'' (hnip≤ Jp¿-

B≥: 21:31)

Cu hN\w Ahn-izm-kn-I-sf-

bmWv A`n-kw-t_m-[\ sNøp-

∂Xv F∂ Imcyw i-t≤-b-amWv.

Jp¿-B≥ hN-\-Øn-e-S-ßnb Cu

clkyw Ahn-izm--kn-Iƒ Bbn-

cn°pw shfn-s∏-Sp-ØpI F∂-Xp-

sIm-≠m-bn-cn°mw Ah-tcm-Sp≈

Cu A`n-kw-t_m-[-\.

Cu hN-\-Ønse "cXvJ≥'

(kw-L-\n-X-]n-fiw) "^XJv\m'

(]n-f¿Ø¬) F∂o ]Z-ßƒ Cu

hN-\-Ønse apgp-h≥ ktµ-i-

ßfpw Dƒs°m-≈p-∂p. B[n-Im-

cnI Ad_n ]Z-tIm-i-ßƒ3

cXvJ≥ F∂ ]Z-Øn\v c≠v

hn`n∂ A¿∞-ßƒ \¬Ip-∂p.

AXv Cu hnj-b-Ønse N¿®°v

hºn® ]k‡n \¬Ip-∂p-≠v.

H∂m-asØ A¿∞w GsX-¶nepw

hkvXp-°ƒ IqSn-t®¿∂p kw tbm-

Pn®v (Infusion) XpS¿∂v H∂m-bn-

Øo-cp-∂-Xns\ Ipdn-°p-∂p. (Thecoming together of something andconsequent infusion into a singleentity) c≠m-asØ A¿∞w

kºq¿Æ-amb Ccp´v (Total dark-ness) F∂p-am-Wv. Cu c≠v A¿

∞-Iev]-\-Ifpw ChnsS IrXy-

ambpw icn-bmbn hcp-∂p. Cu

c≠v A¿∞-ßfpw IqSn H∂n-s®-

Sp-°p-tºmƒ _vfmIvtlmƒ AY

hm Xtam-Zzm-c-Øns‚ sshNnXy

(singularity)* sØ ]‰n-bp≈ icn-

bmb hnh-c -W-amWv ChnsS

\¬I-s∏-´-sX∂v ImWmw.

Kpcp-Xzm-I¿j-W-Øn¬ XI¿

∂-Sn-bp∂ hºn® Zhy-]n-fi-

sØ-bmWv _vfmIv tlmƒ (Blackhole) F∂v ]d-bp-∂-Xv. kqcy-t\-

°mƒ ]Xn-\t©m AXn-e-[n-Itam

Ccń hen-∏-ap≈ \£-X-ß-fpsS

XI¿®-bn¬ \n∂v AXv Bcw-`n-

°p-∂p. AXn-ò-a-amb Kpcp-Xz-_-

e-Øns‚ D≈n-te-°p≈ henhv

ImcWw \£-X-ßƒ IqSp-X¬

sNdnb BIr-Xn-bn-te°v Npcp-ßm-

\m-cw-`n -°p-∂p. Kpcp -Xz -_ew

ho≠pw tIµo-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw

\£-X-Øns‚ apgp-h≥ Zhyhpw

Hcp kq∏¿ t\mh (Super Nova)bnte°v ]Xn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

Cu L -Øn¬ X∑m-X, B‰w apX-

emb Zhy-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-]-

Zm¿∞-ßƒ XI¿∂v hnh-c-Wm-Xo-

X-amb Du¿÷-ambn am-dp-Ibpw

sNøpw B kµ¿ -Øn¬ ÿe-Im-

* sshNnXyw sshNnXyw sshNnXyw sshNnXyw sshNnXyw (Singularity):(Singularity):(Singularity):(Singularity):(Singularity): _vfm°vtlm-fn¬ Kpcp-Xz-_ew ZhysØ ho≠pw XI¿Øv Xcn-∏-W-am-°pw. Aßs\

òam-Im-c-\mb \£-X-Øns‚ Zhyw Kpcp-Xz-_-e-Øm¬ Npcp--ßn-®p-cpßn HSp-hn¬ C√m-Xm-hp∂ \ne-bnse-Øp-∂p. AXn-

\¿∞w oam-Im-c-amb \£Xw tIhew Hcp _nµp-hmbn A]-Xy-£-am-hp-∂p F∂m-Wv. AXm-bXv L\Xzw A\-¥-am-\sØ

]m]n-®n-cn-°p∂p F∂p ]d-bmw. Cu Ah-ÿ-sb-bmWv sshNnXy _nµp AYhm A\-¥-ssh-NnXyw F∂v ]d-bp-∂-Xv. Cu

Ah-ÿ-bn¬ \£-X-Øn-∂p-≈nse ùXn-I-\n -b-a-ßƒ F¥m-sW∂v \ap-°-dn -bn -√. AXn\v sXm´p aptº

-h-sc-bp≈ L´-Øn¬ \ΩpsS ]]©\n-b-a-ßƒ Xs∂-bmWv \£-X-Øn¬ ]mh¿Øn-I-am-hp-∂-Xv. (hnh:)

* kw`-h-N-I-hmfw kw`-h-N-I-hmfw kw`-h-N-I-hmfw kw`-h-N-I-hmfw kw`-h-N-I-hmfw (Event Horizon):(Event Horizon):(Event Horizon):(Event Horizon):(Event Horizon): _vfm°vtlm-fns‚ AXn¿Øn-tc-J-bmWv kw`-h-N-I-hmfw F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-

∂Xv. kqcy-t\mfw hep-∏-ap≈ Hcp \£Xw Npcpßn 3 In.-ao. hymkm¿≤-Øn\p Iosg hcp-tºm-gmWv AsXmcp _vfm°v

tlmƒ BsW∂v ]d-bp-∂-Xv. P¿Ω≥ uXnI imkvX-PvR-\mb Imƒ jmgvkv ssN¬Uv (Carl Schwarzs Child) BWv Cu

\n¿Æm-bI hep∏w (Critical mass) \n¿Æ-bn-®-Xv. CXns\ jmgvkv ssN¬Uv hymkm¿[w F∂pw ]d-bp-∂p. Cu Ahÿ

]m]n® \£-X-Øns‚ AYhm _vfm°vtlm-fns‚ D]cnX-e-sØ-bm-Wv kw`-h-N-I-hm-f-sa∂v ]d-bp-∂-Xv. _vfm°vtlm-

fn-\-IØv \S-°p∂ Hcp kw -hhpw ]pdw-tem-I-Øn-∂-dn-bm≥ km[y-a-√. ImcWw AXn¬ \n∂v ]Im-ihpw a‰p bmsXmcp

kn·epIfpw hºn® Kpcp-Xzm-I¿jWw ImcWw ]pdØv hcn-√. AXn-\-IsØ uXnI \nbaw \ap-°-⁄m-X-amWv (hnh:)

e-Øn¬ krjvSn-°-s∏-Sp∂ ]Xn-

`m-k-amWv kw`-h-N-I-hm-fw.*****_vfmIvtlm-fns‚ AXn-ò-a-amb

D≈n-te-°p≈ henhv ImcWw

\£-X-Øn¬ \n∂p≈ F√m

hnIn-c-W-ßfpw ]nt∂m´v hen-°-

s∏-Sp-Ibpw ]Im-i-Øn\v t]mepw

AXn¬ \n∂v c£-s∏-Sm≥ km[y-

a-√msX hcn-Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xns‚

ê-am--bp-≠m-Ip∂ kºq¿Æ Ccp-

´mWv _vfm°v tlmƒ F∂ t]cv

t\Sn-s°m-Sp-Ø-Xv. cXvJ≥ F∂

Jp¿-B≥ D]-tbm-Kn® Cu ]Z-

Øns‚ as‰mcp A¿∞w kqNn-∏n-

°p-∂Xv "]q¿Æ Ccp v' F∂m-Wv.

CXmWv kw`h NI-hm-f-Øn-\-∏p-

dsØ sshNnX _nµp.

Hcn-°¬ _vfm°v tlmƒ

krjvSn-°-s∏-´m¬ AXn-ioLw

AXv hf-cp-∂p. ImcWw h¿≤n-®p-

h-cp∂ Kpcp-Xz-_-e-Øns‚ tIµo-

I-c-W-Øm¬ hnZq-c-Øp≈ \£-

X-ßƒ t]mepw _vfm°v tlmfn-

\-I-tØ°v \n]-Xn-°p-∂p. kq

cys‚ Zhy-am-\-Øns‚ \qdp Zi-

e£w Ccń hsc IqSp-∂-Xn-\-\p-

k-cn®v ]Im-i-th-K-Øn¬ BIm-

iØv \n∂v tKmfZhy-ßsf AXv

X∂n-te°v hen-s®-Sp -°p-∂p.

1997se Hcp \nco-£W sXfn-hns‚

ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ \ΩpsS Kme-

13


Ivkn-bn¬ kqcys‚ 2,000,000 Ccń

Zhy-am -\-ap≈ Hcp _vfm°v

tlmƒ km∂n-≤y-aps≠∂p kqNn-

∏n-°p-∂p. a‰p Nne IW-°p-Iƒ

]Imcw \ΩpsS ]]©-Øn¬

kqcys‚ 3,000,000,000 Ccń Zhy-

am -\ -ap≈ At\Iw _vfm°v

tlmfp-Iƒ4 D≠m-Im-sa-∂m-Wv.

AØ-c-Øn-ep≈ AXn-ò-a-amb

Kpcp-Xz-_-e-Øns‚ tIµo-I-c-W-

Øm¬ hnZqc \£-X-ßƒ t]m

epw hnd-sIm-≈p-Ibpw ssÿ cyw

\jvS-s∏´ AØcw \£-XsØ

AXym¿Øn ]q≠ _vfm°v tlmƒ

òa-∑m¿ hngp-ßn-°-f-bp-Ibpw

sNøp-∂p. Aßs\ "cXvJ≥' (kw-

L-\n-X-amb ]nfiw) F∂ ]

Inb ]q¿Øn-bm-Ip-∂-tXmsS

knwKp-em-cn‰n cq]-s∏-Sp-∂p. AXv

]cn-]q¿Æ-ambpw kwhr-Xhpw

AYhm AS-™Xpw (Closed)]q¿Æ-ambpw Ccp-≠-Xp-am-Wv (To-tal darkness). ]]©w XpS-°-

Øn¬ Fßs\ krjvSn-°-s∏´p

F∂ tNmZy-Øn\v DØ-c-ambn

ka¿∏n-°-s∏´ c≠v kn≤m-¥-

ßfpw _nKv_mßv Xnb-dn-bp-tS-Xm-

Wv. Hcp sshNn-X-_n-µp-hn¬

kwL-\n-X-ambn tIµo-I-cn-°-

s∏´ Zhyw s]s´∂v ]pd-tØ°v

D¬-k¿Pn-®p-sIm-≠mWv ]]©w

Bcw-`n-®-sX∂v Ah¿ Ah-Im-i-

s∏-Sp-∂p. kw`hN-I-hm-f-Øn-

eqsS ho≠pw ]pXnb ]]©

krjvSn-bn-te°v AXv \bn-°p-

∂p. Cßs\ kw`h NI-hm-f-

Øn¬ \n∂v s]mń hncn-bp∂

]Im-i-amWv ssh‰v tlmƒ (Whitehole) F∂v hnfn-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xv.

]]© hnIm-k-hp-ambn _‘-

s∏´ c≠v \nb-a-ß-fp-≠v. AXn¬

H∂v ]h-Nn-°p-∂Xv ]]©w

krjvSn-°-s∏- -Xn\v tijw imiz-

X-ambn hnI-kn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂p

F∂m-Wv. ]]©-hn-Im-k-hp-ambn

_‘-s∏´ c≠m-asØ kn≤m-¥-]-

Imcw Nne-t∏mƒ ]]©Øns‚

hnImkw Hcp L´-sa-Øn-bm¬

AXns‚ DƒtI-µ-Ønse Kpcp-Xz-

_ew hnIm-k-_-e-Øn\p aosX

A¥n-a-ambn ta¬ssI t\Sp-Ibpw

t\¿hn-]-coX Zni-bn¬ hnIm-k-

Øn\v ]Icw Npcp-ßm-\m-cw- n-°p-

Ibpw sNøp-∂p F∂-XmWv. F√m

Zhy-ßfpw ho≠pw ]nd-tIm´p

hen-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. Hcp-]t£, ho

≠pw òam-Im-c-amb Hcp _vfm°v

tlmƒ krjv Sn-°-s∏-Sm≥ th≠n-

bm-bn-cn-°pw. c≠m-aXv ]d™

Cu ho£-W-Øn\v Jp¿-Bs‚

]n¥p-W-bp-≈-Xmbn ImW-s∏-Sp-

∂p.

XpS-°hpw HSp-°hpw _‘n-

∏n-®p-sIm≠v ]]©Øns‚ Hcp

hrØw Cßs\ ]q¿Øn-bm-°-

s∏-Sp-∂p. Jp¿B≥ ]Jym-]n-°p-

∂p.

\mw BIm-isØ KŸ-Øm-

fp-Iƒ Npcp-´p-∂Xv t]mse Npcp-

´p∂ \mfns\ Hm¿°p-I. (hn-ip≤

Jp¿-B≥ 21:105)

Cu hN-\-Øn¬ \n∂p≈

hy‡-amb ktµiw ]]©w

imiz-X-a√ F-∂m-Wv. KŸ-Ømfp-

Iƒ Npcp-´p-∂Xv t]mse `mhn-

bn¬ BImiw Npcp-´-s∏-Sp-sa∂

Imcy-sØ-∏-‰n-bmWv AXv kwkm-

cn-°p-∂-Xv. _vfm°v tlmƒ cq]o-

I-c-WsØ kw_-‘n-®p≈ im

kvXo-b-amb NnXo-I-c-W-tØmSv

hf-sc-tbsd kmay-X-bp-≈-XmWv

Jp¿-B-\nse ta¬ kqNn-∏n®

hN\w.

kvs]bvkn¬ \n∂v _vfm°v

tlmfn-te°v Zhy-ßƒ hºn®

tXmXn¬ \n]-Xn-°p-∂p. ta¬ Jp¿-

B≥ hN-\-Øn¬ hnh--cn-®Xp

t]mse Kpcp-Xz-_-e-Øn-s‚bpw

hnZyp-XvIm-¥nI _e-Øn-s‚bpw

hºn® kΩ¿±- -e-am-bn, _vfm°v

tlmƒ Hcp IS-em-kpXmfp t]m

se Bbn-Øo-cp-∂p. _vfm°v

tlmfns‚ tIµ- mKw kzb-ambn

\nc-¥cw Np‰n apdp-In-sIm-≠n-cn-

°pw. ]pkvX-I-Øm-fns‚ BIr-

Xn-bn-ep≈ Cu Zhyw, kzbw

Np‰n apd-pIp∂ _vfm°v tlmfn

s‚ tIµ-`m-KØv FØp-tºmƒ

AXns‚ ta¬ s]mXn-bp-∂p. Ah-

km\w A-⁄m-X-amb afi-e-

Øn-te°v AXv A]-Xy-£-am-hp-

∂Xv hsc _vfm°vtlm-fns‚

tIµ-`m-KØv Cu Np‰n apdp-Iƒ

XpS-cp-∂p. Jp¿-B≥ hN\w XpS-

cp-∂p!

""krjvSn-∏ns\ BZyw \mw

Bcw-`n-®Xv t]mse \mw AXv

Bh¿Øn-°pw. \ap°v _m[y-X-

s∏´ Hcp hmKvZm-\-am-Wn-Xv. Xo¿®-

bmbpw AXv \mw \nd-th-‰pI

Xs∂ sNøpw'' (hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥:

21:105)

Ahkm\w ]]©w Hcp

_vfm°vtlm-fn-te°v XI¿∂Sn-

bp-tºmƒ, ChnsS \ap°v Hcp

]pXnb hmKvZm-\-ap-≠v. ssZhw

]≠v sNbvXXv t]mse Cu ]]-

©sØ Ah≥ ]p\¿\n¿Ωn-°pw.

XI¿∂ ]]©w AXns‚ A‘-

Im-c-Øn¬\n∂v ho≠pw kam-cw-

`n-°p-Ibpw krjvSn-bpsS F√m

]In-b-Iƒ°pw XpS°w Ipdn-°p-

Ibpw sNøpw. Jp¿-Bs‚ hN-\-

]-Imcw ]]-©-Øns‚ Cu Npcp-

fepw \nh cepw \n¬°msX \S-

∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ Hcp In-b-

bmWv.

]]-©-Øns‚ XpS-°sØ

°pdn®pw HSp-°-sØ-°p-dn-®p-ap≈


14


JpJpJpJpJpe- m-D¿dm-in-Z°v tijw lZdvØv Aen(-d)-bpsS

aI≥ lZvdØv Camw lk\n(d)¬ \n∂pw Jeo^

ÿm\w kzoI-cn® hy‡n-bmWv lZvdØv apB-hnb

(d) (ln: 41/In. h. 661)-. dkq¬ Xncp-ta\n (k) ]h-

Nn® cmPm-[n-Im-c-tI-µn-Xhpw tkzOm-[n-]-Xy-Øn-t‚-

Xp-amb ]mc-ºcy hmgvN-bpsS DZvLm-S-\-am-bn-cp∂p

lZvdØv apB-hn-b(-d)-bn-eqsS kw`-hn-®-Xv. Hcp

BZ¿i-k-aq-l-Øns‚ cq]o-I-cWw F∂-Xn-t\-°mƒ

Ipg-∏-ß-fpsS B Ime-L- -Øn¬ kpi-‡-amb Hcp

`c-Wm-[n-Im-c-ÿm-]-\-ambn CkvemanI Jnem- Øv

amdp-hm≥ \n¿_-‘n-X-am-hp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Jeo- -am-

cpsS C—-tb-°mƒ a‰p CkvemantIX-c-amb ]cn-Xx-

ÿn-Xn-bpsS kΩ¿±hpw apkvenw Jnem-^-Øns‚

hyXn-bm-\-ßsf kzm[o-\n® i‡-amb LS-I-ß-

fmWv.

lZvdØv apB-hn-b(-d)-bpsS Da-hnøm c-W-Iq-S-

Øn-\p-tijw A[n-Im-c-]-[m-\-amb cmP- -c-W-Øns‚

h¿Æhpw hZ-\-hp-am-bn-cp∂p Jnem-^Øv ]c-º-c-

°p≠m-bncp∂-Xv. CkvemanI hyh-ÿ-bpsS hnI-

k-\-Øn-t‚-bpw cmjvSob hnP-b-ß-fp-tSbpw Cu

Ime-L- -Øn¬ Bflob ]_p-≤hpw amXr-Im-]-c-hp-

amb Hcp t\Xr-XzsØ Xnc-s™-Sp-°m≥ tbmKy-amb

Hcp Ckveman-I-k-aq-l-Øns‚ A`mhw ChnsS

it≤-b-am-Wv. Jpe- m-D¿dm-in-Z-bpsS Ime-L- sØ

A\p-kva-cn-∏n-°p∂ coXn-bn-ep≈ efn-Xhpw Bflob

]tNm-Zn-Xhp-amb Hcp Xnc-s™-Sp∏v coXnbpw hyh-

ÿbpw CkvemanI Jnem- -Øn¬ ]n∂oSv Zriy-am-

bn-s√-¶nepw Ckvem-anI aqey-hy-h-ÿsb Ah¿

BZ¿i-am-bw-Ko-I-cn-°p-Ibpw CkvemanIamb LS-\-

bn-te-°p≈ cq]m-¥-cWw e£y-ambn°cp-Xp-Ibpw

sNbvXp F∂ Imcyw Ahn-X¿°n-X-am-Wv. Cu hyh-

ÿ°v Iogn-emWv Ckvemw sFXn-lm-kn-I-N-cnXw

temIØv krjvSn-®Xpw a\p-jy-k-aq-l-Øn\v AXp-

ey-amb \nc-h[n kw`m-h-\-Iƒ A¿∏n-®-Xpw. Cßs\

cmP- -c-W-Øns‚ ssien-bn-te°v \oßnb As√-¶n¬

\oßm≥ \n¿_-‘n-X-amb BZysØ CkvemanI

Jnem- -ØmWv Dahnøm Jnem- -Øv.

Dahnøm Jnem-^ØvDahnøm Jnem-^ØvDahnøm Jnem-^ØvDahnøm Jnem-^ØvDahnøm Jnem-^Øv

(ln 41˛132 (In. h. 661˛750)(ln 41˛132 (In. h. 661˛750)(ln 41˛132 (In. h. 661˛750)(ln 41˛132 (In. h. 661˛750)(ln 41˛132 (In. h. 661˛750)

Jpssdjn hwi-P-\mb A_q-kp-^n-bm-t‚bpw

lnµn-t‚bpw aI-\mb lZvdØv ap-B-hn-b(d)-bmWv

ln. 41- 60 (In. h. 661- 680) Dahnøm Jnem- -Øns‚

ÿm]-I≥. km£-c-\mb At±lw dkq¬Xn-cp-ta\n

(k)bpsS Fgp-Øp-Im-c-\m-bn-cp-∂p. A_p-kp-^n-

bms‚ aIfpw apB-hn-b-bpsS ktlm-Z-cn-bp-amb DΩp

l_o-_(-d) dkq¬ Xncp-ta-\n(-k)-bpsS mcym-]-Z-a-e-

¶-cn® aln-fm-c-Xv\-hp-am-bn-cp∂p. (A_q-kp- n-bm\v

aptº Xs∂ Ah¿ CkvemwaXw kzoI-cn-®n-cp-∂p).

B \ne°v dkq¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS mcym-k-tlm-Z-c-

\p-amWv lZvdØv apB-hn-b(-d). lnPvd F´mw h¿j-

Øn¬ a°m-hn-P-b-tØmsSbmWv apB-hn-bbpw

]nXmhpw IpSpw-_hpw Ckvemw aXw Bt«-jn-®-Xv.

Jeo^ Da-dn(d)s‚ ImeØv e-kvXo-\nse Kh¿W¿

apB-hn-b-bpsS ktlm-Z-c≥ bkoZv Bbn-cp-∂p.

b¿aq°v bp≤-Øn¬ At±lw c‡-km-£n-bm-b-t∏mƒ

apB-hn-b e-kvXo-\nse Kh¿W¿ Bbn \nb--an-°-

s∏-Sp-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv. aq∂mw Jeo^ lZvdØv

Dkvams‚ (d) ImeØv kndnb apgp-h≥ apB-hn-b-

bpsS Iogn-em-bn. Da-hn-I-fpsS tIhew 92 h¿jsØ

Jnem-^Øn\p Iogn¬ Ckvemw aXw hºn®

cmjvSob hnP-b-ßƒ t\Sp-I-bp-≠m-bn. CkvemanI

`qan Ing°v ssN\ apX¬ ]Sn-™mdv AXvem-¥n°v

kap-Zw-h-tcbpw hS°v Imkv]n-b≥ IS¬ apX¬

Da-hnøm Jnem-^ØvDa-hnøm Jnem-^ØvDa-hnøm Jnem-^ØvDa-hnøm Jnem-^ØvDa-hnøm Jnem-^Øv

G.-Fw. apl-ΩZv keowG.-Fw. apl-ΩZv keowG.-Fw. apl-ΩZv keowG.-Fw. apl-ΩZv keowG.-Fw. apl-ΩZv keow

Jnem-^Øv : \q‰m-≠p-I-fn-eqsSJnem-^Øv : \q‰m-≠p-I-fn-eqsSJnem-^Øv : \q‰m-≠p-I-fn-eqsSJnem-^Øv : \q‰m-≠p-I-fn-eqsSJnem-^Øv : \q‰m-≠p-I-fn-eqsS

92 h¿j-°mew \o≠p-\n∂ kw`-h-_-lp-e-amb Daho Jnem-^-Øn-s\-∏‰n92 h¿j-°mew \o≠p-\n∂ kw`-h-_-lp-e-amb Daho Jnem-^-Øn-s\-∏‰n92 h¿j-°mew \o≠p-\n∂ kw`-h-_-lp-e-amb Daho Jnem-^-Øn-s\-∏‰n92 h¿j-°mew \o≠p-\n∂ kw`-h-_-lp-e-amb Daho Jnem-^-Øn-s\-∏‰n92 h¿j-°mew \o≠p-\n∂ kw`-h-_-lp-e-amb Daho Jnem-^-Øn-s\-∏‰n

15


sX°v C¥ym-a-lm-k-apZw htcbpw ]hn-im-e-amb

Hcp almkmam-Py-ambn amdn. lZvdØv Aen-(d)bpsS

ImeØv Iq -bn-em-bn-cp∂ CkvemanI Xe-ÿm\w

apB-hn-b(-d)-bpsS X -I-am-bn-cp∂ kndn-b-bnse Uam-

kvI-kn-te°v amdp-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv. Ckvemw aX-

Øn\v th≠n Da-hn-Iƒ sNbvX tkh-\-ßƒ \nkvXp-

e-am-Wv. Npcp-ßnb Ime-Øn-∂p-≈n¬ AXn-ioLw

Ckvemans\ temI-Øn\p apºn¬ Hcp AP-ø-i-

‡nbpw kmwkvIm-cnI tkmX- p-am°n am‰n-bXv Da-

hn-I-fm-bn-cp-∂p.

Akm-am-\y-`-c-W-]m-Shhpw \oXn-\n-jvTbpw

kzmb-Ø-am°nbn-cp∂ CkvemanI temIsØ DPz-

e-\m-sbmcp hy‡n-Xz-am-bn-cp∂p apB-hnb (d). DØc

B^n° lZvdØv Dadn(d)s‚ ImeØv Xs∂

apkvenwI-fpsS Iogn¬ h∂n-cp∂p lZvdØv Dkvam-

t‚(-d)bpw lZvdØv Aen(-d)-bp-sSbpw Ime-Øp-≠mb

B`y-¥-c-°p-g∏w aqew B ]tZiw ho≠pw

ss_km‚n-b≥ kmamPyØns‚ Iogn-em-Ip-I-bmWp-

≠m-b-Xv. Jeo^ apB-hn-b(-d)-bmWv DØ-cm-^n°

Xncn-®p-]n-Sn-°m≥ Xocp-am-\n-®-Xv. DJv_-Xp_v\p \m^n-

Av F∂ hnJym-X-\mb tk\m-\m-b-Is\ B ZuXyw

Gev]n-°p-Ibpw At±lw AXv hnP-b-I-c-ambn \n¿∆-

ln-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. ss_km‚n-b≥ kmam-Py-

Øns‚ Xeÿm-\-am -bn -cp∂ AXn-i-‡-amb

tIm¨Ãm‚n-t\m-∏nƒ ]´Ww apB-hnb D]-tcm-[n-

s®-¶nepw Iog-S-°m-\m-bn-√. ]n∂oSv At±-l-Øns‚

ZuXy-tk\ aSßn sX°v Ing°v mK-tØ°v \oßn

Jpdm-km≥ Iog-S°n. at≤y-jy-bnse HmIvskkv \Zn

IS∂v Xp¿°n-Isf ]cm-P-b-s∏-SpØn _pJm-dbn

te°pw ka¿J¥nte°pw IS-∂p-sN-∂p Im_qƒ

Iog-S°n, ssJ_¿ Npcw IS∂v kn‘n-se-Øn. kmam-

´p-I-fpsS ]S-tbm-´-ßƒ°v cwK-`q-an-bm-bn-cp-∂ Cu

]tZ-i-ß-fneqsS Ckvemans‚ ]Xm-I-bpw, hln®p

lZvdØv apB-hnb(d) sFXn-lm-kn-I-amb ZnKvhnP-

b-ßƒ \SØpI-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Ckvemw aX-Øns‚ -

_o-P-ßƒ hnX-dn-sIm≠m-bn-cp∂p At±lw \oßn-

b-Xv. At±-l-Øns‚ ]e ssk\nI ZuXy-ßfpw

hntam-N-\-]-chpw B Ime-L- -Ønse kº-Zm-b-a-\p-

k-cn®v ]Xn-tcm-[-]-c-hp-am-bn-cp-∂p. ln. 60/ In. h.

680¬ Znhw-K-X-\mb apB-hnb(d) 20 h¿jw Jeo-

ÿm\Øv hncm-Pn-®p. Xs‚ aI≥ bko-Zns\ Jeo-

^-ÿm-\-tØ°v \ma-\n¿t±iw sNøp-I-bp-≠m-bn.

`n∂-Xbpw Ipg-∏hpw Kkn® apkvenw kap-Zm-b-

Øn¬ sFIyhpw hn´p-ho-gvNbpw ÿm]n-°m≥

lZvdØv apB-hnb(d) \S-Ønb ia-ßƒ \nkvXp-e-

am-Wv. At±lw Id-I-f™ Hcp ‡-\p-am-bn-cp-∂p.

Hcp Jeo- -bpsS \ncym-W-Øn-\p-tijw as‰mcp

Jeo- -bpsS ÿm\m-tcm-lWw Bi-¶-bp-tSbpw oXn-

bp-tSbpw \nan-j-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p. b- -‡n-bn-e-[n-jvTn-

X-amb kXy-hn-izm-kn-I-fpsS kaq-l-Øn¬ am-Xta

kwL¿j-c-ln-X-ambpw amXr-Im-]-cambpw Jnem- Øv

ssIam-‰w kw-`-hn-°p-I-bp-≈q. Jp¿-B-\nse "Ah-"Ah-"Ah-"Ah-"Ah-

cpsS `b-Øn-\p-tijw Ahsc kam-[m-\Ønem-cpsS `b-Øn-\p-tijw Ahsc kam-[m-\Ønem-cpsS `b-Øn-\p-tijw Ahsc kam-[m-\Ønem-cpsS `b-Øn-\p-tijw Ahsc kam-[m-\Ønem-cpsS `b-Øn-\p-tijw Ahsc kam-[m-\Ønem-

°p -Ibpw sNøp -w'°p -Ibpw sNøp -w'°p -Ibpw sNøp -w'°p -Ibpw sNøp -w'°p -Ibpw sNøp -w' - F∂p≈ A√m-lp-hns‚

hmKvZm\w \nd-th-‰-s∏-Sm≥ amXw apkvenw kaqlw

D∂Xn t\Sn-bn-cp-∂n-√. ap-B-hnb (d)bpsS aI≥ bko-

Zn\v cmP-hm-gvN-bpsS coXn-bn¬ Jnem- Øv ssIam‰w

sNbvXXv dkq¬ Xncp-ta-\n(-k)bpsS ]h-N-\-Øns‚

km£m-XvImcw IqSn-bm-bn-cp-∂p. apB-hn-b°v tijw

CkvemanI hnh-£-b-\p-k-cn-®p-≈ IqSn-bm-tem-N-\-

bn-e-[n-jvTn-X-amb Hcp Jeo^m Xncs™Sp-∏v Alv

aZnøm Jnem-^-Øns‚ Ime-L´w hsc CkvemanI

kaq-l-Øn¬ D≠m-bn- n-√.

bko-Zns\ Jeo- -bmbn \nb-an® coXn apkvenw

temIsØ kwL¿j- -cn-X-am-°n. CkvemanI kmam-

Py-Øns‚ \m\m-`m-K-Øp-\n∂pw bko-Zn\v A\p-k-

cW ]Xn⁄ sNbvXp-sh-¶nepw Camw lpssk\pw

A_vZp-√m-ln_v\p kpss_dpw bko-Zn\p A\p-k-

cW ]Xn⁄ sNbvXn-√. XpS¿∂p- \-S∂ AXy¥w

thZ-\m-P-\-I-amb I¿_em kw`hw apkvenw tem-

IsØ XocmØ IÆo-cn-emgv-Øp-I-bp-≠m-bn. dkq¬

Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS Zuln-X-\mb Camw lpssk(d)\pw

]Xv\n-bp-a-S°w \ncm-bp-[-cmb 70 t]sc \njvTq-c-ambn

h[n® kw`hw bko-Zns‚ `c-W-Im-e-ØmWv kw`-

hn-®-Xv. Dss_-Zp-√m-ln_v\p knbmZv F∂ Iqc-\mb

ssk\ym-[n-]≥ Jeo- -bmb bkoZns‚bSp-°-te°v

t]mImt\m Xncn-®p-t]m-Imt\m A\p-h-Zn-°-W-sa∂

Camw lpssks‚ A`y¿∞\ sNhn-s°m-≈msX

h[n-®p-I-f-bp-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv. bko-Zns\ CkvemanI

Ncn-X-Ønse hn-hm-Z -]p -cp -j-\m°n am‰nbXv

apkvenwIƒ°v s]mdp-°m≥ Ign-bmØ Cu Iqc-Ir-

Xy-Øns‚ t]cn-em-bn-cp∂p. I¿_e kw -h-Øns‚

t]cn¬ a°Øpw aZo-\-Øp-ap-≠mb ]t£m- -ßfpw

bkoZv _e-]-tbm-K-Øn-eqsS ASn-®-a¿Øp-I-bm-Wp-

≠m-b-Xv. apkvenwI-fn¬ At∏m-tg°pw DS-se-SpØ

I£nXzw Cu kw -hsØ AXy¥w hnIm-c-]-c-ambn

Bfn-°-Øn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. DØ-cm-^n-°-bn¬

\nb-an® bko-Zns‚ Kh¿W¿ ss_km‚n-b-°m¿s°-

16


Xn-scbpw _¿_-dp-Iƒs°-Xn-scbpw \bn® bp≤w

]cm-P-b-s∏-´p. Aßs\ CkvemanI Ncn-X-Ønse

]Xn-\m-b-Is‚ ]cn-th-j-amWv bko-Zn\v e`n-®-Xv. 38˛m-

asØ hb- n¬ bphm-hm-bn-cns° ln. 65¬ / In.

h. 683¬ bkoZv \ncym-X-\m-bn. bko-Zns‚ ssk\yw

62 Znhkw a° D]-tcm-[n®v BI-an-°m≥ Hcp-ßp-

tºm-gmWv At±-lØns‚ ac-Ww. Cu Ah-k-c-Øn¬

IAv_bn¬ A·n-Pzme ]pd-s∏-´-Xmbpw lPvdp¬

AkvhZv s]m´n-b-Xmbpw ]d-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. XpS¿∂v bko-

Zns‚ aI≥ apB-hnb c≠m-a≥ Jeo-^ -ÿm\w

Gs‰-Sp-Øp. ‡\pw kmXzn-I-\p-am-bn-cp∂ apB-hnb

c≠m-a≥ I¿_-e-bnse Iq -s°m-esb AwKo-I-cn-®n-

cp-∂n-√. ‡-\m-bn-cp∂ apB-hnb c-W-`mcw hln-

°m≥ Ign-bm-sX kzbw ÿm\-sam-gn-bp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

]n∂oSv Jeo-^-bm-bXv Dahnøm hwi-P-\mb

a¿hm-\p-_v\p-l°w BWv. bko-Zns‚ a-c-W-Øn-\p-

tijw ]Xn-k-‘n-bn-e-I-s∏´ Da-hn-øm -cWw ITn-\-

]-b-Xv\-Øn-eqsS \ne-\n¿Øn-bXv a¿hm-\m-Wv.

a¿hms‚ ac-W-Øn-\p-tijw At±-l-Øns‚ aI≥

A_vZp¬ aen-°mWv Dahnøm Jeo- -bmbn h∂-Xv.

At±lw Jnem- Øv Gs‰-Sp-°p-tºmƒ hnim-e-amb

Dahnøm Jnem- Øv c-W-]-tZ-i-ßƒ 5 ]hn-iy-I-

fmbn hn`-Pn®v ]c-kv]cw iXp-X-bn¬ Ign-bp-I-bm-

bn-cp-∂p. ssk\nIi‡nbp]-tbm-Kn®v At±lw

apkvenw kmam-PysØ ho≠pw GtIm-]n-∏n-®p. Cu

GIo-I-c-W-i-asØØpS¿∂v At±-lw c≠mw apB-

hnb F∂p-IqSn Ncn-X-Øn¬ Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. hfsc

]K-¤\pw Imcy-]m-]vX-\p-amb c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-bm-bn-

cp∂p a¿hm≥. cmPyØv X]m¬ kº-Zmbw G¿s∏-

Sp-Øp-Ibpw Ad_n `mj HutZym-Kn-I-`m-j-bmbn

]Jym-]n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. DØ-cm-^n-°-bnepw,

Sm≥kv HmIvkkv \Zn-I-S∂v at[y-jy-bnepw `c-W-

kw-hn-[m\w ]p\x-I-ao-I-cn-®p. Jeo^ A_vZpƒ aen-

°mWv C∂p \ne-sIm-≈p∂ sPdp-k-te-anse "Jp∫-

Xp- z-Jd' (Dome of the Rock) \n¿Ωn-®-Xv. dkq¬ Xncp-

ta\n (k) bpsS Z¿i-\-Øn¬ ss_Øp¬ aJ±-nkn-

\-Sp-Øp≈ ]md-bn¬ sh®mWv BIm-im-tcm-lWw

\S-∂Xv. AXns‚ kvamcIw F∂ \ne-°mWv "Jp∫-

Xp- zJvd' \n¿Ωn-®-Xv. A_vZpƒ aen-Ins‚ \mev ]pX-

∑mcpw At±-l-Øn-\p-ti-jw, Jeo-^-am-cmbn AXn-

\m¬ At±-lsØ "cmPm-°-∑m-cpsS ]nXmhv'

F∂mWv Ncn-X-Øn¬ Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. At±-l-

Øns‚ ac-W-tijw ]pX≥ A¬h-eo-Zp_v\p

A_vZpƒ aen°v Jeo-^-bmbn ÿm\-ta-‰p. ]K¤-

\mb ]nXm-hns‚ AXn-]-K-¤-\mb ]pX-\m-bn-cp∂p

At±-lw. Ckveman-I-N-cn-X-Øn\v hnP-b-ß-fpsS D]-

lm-c-ßƒ kΩm-\n® hnPn-Ko-jp-hmb Cu tPXm-

hns‚ Ime-ØmWv apkvenwIƒ kvs]bn-\n-te°v IS-

∂-Xv. DØ-cm-^n-°-bn¬ ho≠pw Xe-s]m-°nb

_¿_¿ Iem-]sØ ASn-®-a¿Øn B `qtaJe

bneqsS apkvenwIƒ kvs]bn-\n¬ ]th-in® Ncn-

Xw Bth-tim-Pz-e-am-Wv. ]K-¤-cmb ssk\nI P\-

d¬am-cm-Wv heo-Zns\ Icp-Ø-\m°n am‰n-b-Xv. DØ-

cm-^n-°-bnse _¿_¿ tKmX-P-\mb Ckvemans‚

F°m-ehpw A\p-kva-cn-°-s∏Sp∂ hoc-t]m-cmfn

XmcnJv_v\p knbmZv, tamtdm-t°m-hnse Kh¿Wdpw

ssk\n-I-ta-[m-hn-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p. aqk_v\p \pssk¿,

lPvPmPv_v\p bqkp- v, JpssX-_-Xv_n\p apkvenw,

apl-ΩZv_v\p Imknw, akve aXp_v\p A_vZn¬

aen°v F∂n-h-cm-bn-cp∂p B ssk\nI P\-d¬am¿.

hen-sbmcp \n¿ΩmW hnZ-KvZ-\p-am-bn-cp∂p heo-Zv. Zam-

kvI-knse temI-]-i-kvX-amb akvPn-Zv, aZo-\-bnse

akvPn-Zp-∂-_hnbpsS hnIk\w Pdp-k-te-anse

akvPn-Zp¬ AJvk-bpsS hnI-k\w F∂nh At±-l-

Øns‚ \n¿Ωm-W -sshZ-Kv[y-Øns‚ \nXy-kvam-c-I-

ß-fm-Wv.

A¬ h-eo-Zp_v\p a¿hm\v tijw ktlm-Z-c≥

kpsse-am≥ Jeo- -bm-bn. kp-sse-ams‚ Ime-ØmWv

Ing-°≥ tdmam-km-am-Py-Øns‚ s\Sp-wtIm-´-bmb

tIm¨Ãm‚n-t\m-∏nƒ apkvenwIƒ D]-tcm-[n-®-Xv.

]t£, Hcp sIm√sØ D]-tcm[w sIm≠v hfsc

i‡-am-bn-cp∂ ss_km‚nb≥ tIm´sb bmsXm

∂pw sNøm≥ Ah¿°v Ign-™n-√. `‡-\mb

kpsse-am≥ "an^vXmlp¬ ssJ¿' (\-∑-bpsS

Xmt°m¬) F∂ t]cnemWv Adn-b-s∏-´n-cp∂Xv.

At±lw ]t£, Xs‚ ssk\nI P\-d¬am-tcmSp

s]cp-am-dnb coXn- A[n-t£-]n-°-s∏- n- p-≠v. Jeo^

heo-Zns‚ ImeØv al-Ømb hnP-b-ßƒ kΩm-\n®

Xmco-Jv_n\pknbm-Zn-t\bpw apk-_v\p- \p-ssk-dn-

t\bpw kvs]bn-\n¬ \n∂p-a-S°n hnfn-®p. ka¿

J¥pw Xp¿°n-ÿm\pw Iog-S-°nb JpssX_ Jeo^

kpsse-am-s∂-Xnsc Iem]w \bn-®p. Ah-km\w

At±lw h[n-°-s∏-´p. kn‘v Iog-S-°nb apl-Ω-

Zp_v\p Imkn-ans\ Pbn-en-e-S-®p. ]t£, ssk\nI

t\Xm-°-∑m-tcmSv At±lw s]cp-am-dn-bXv \oXn-bp-

tSbpw \ymb-Øn-t‚bpw ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-em-bn-cp-∂p-

sh∂pw hne-bn-cp-Ø-s∏-Sp-∂p.

17


kpsse-am-\p-tijw Jeo- m-ÿm-\-ta-s‰-Sp-ØXv

CkvemanI Ncn-X-Øn¬ AXn-]-i-kvX\pw kmXzn-

I-X-bn¬ Jpe- m-D-dm-in-Zo-ßƒ°v ka-io¿j-\p-amb

Da-dp_v\p A_vZn¬ Ako-km-Wv. H∂mw \q‰m-≠nse

apPZv±oZv F∂pw At±lw Adn-b-s∏Sp∂p. Dahnøm

Jeo^ A_vZp¬ aen-°ns‚ tPjvT-]p-X-\m-bn-cp∂p

Da-dp_v\p A_vZn¬ Ako-kv. alm-\mb Jeo^ Da-

dns‚ ]uXn-bpsS aI-\p-am-bn-cp-∂p. Pohn-X-co-Xn-

bnepw A[n-Im-c-hn-\n-tbm-K-Ønepw alm-\mb Da-dn

(-d)s‚ ]mc-º-cy-am-bn-cp∂p At±-lw ]n¥p-S¿∂-Xv.

Jeo^ heo-Zns‚ ImeØv Atd-_y-bpsS Kh¿W-

dm-bn-cp∂ At±lw Xs‚ \oXn-\njvTsIm≠pw ]cn-

ip-≤-Po-hnXw sIm≠pw P\-ß-fpsS lrZbw Ih¿∂n-

cp-∂p. lnPvd 62¬ aZo-\-bn¬ P\n® Da¿ ln. 75

hsc a°-bn¬ Xs∂-bmWv Ign-®p-Iq- n-b-Xv. Jeo^

A_vZp¬ aen-Ins‚ aIƒ ^mXzn-asb hnhmlw

Ign® At±lw ln. 99 emWv Jeo- -bmbn ÿm\-ta-

‰-Xv.

Dahnøm cmPm-°-∑m-cpsS ssien-bn¬ \n∂pw

hyXy-kvX-\mbn Hcp °o-dn-s\-t∏m-se-bmWv At±

lw Pohn-®-Xv. I¿_e krjvSn® ]Xym-Lm-X-ßƒ

apkvenw kaq-l-Øn-ep-≠m-°nb `n∂X ]c-am-h[n

C√m-Xm-°m≥ At±lw ITn-\-iaw \S-Øn. ]n¬°m-

eØv A∫m-kn-Iƒ A[n-Im-c-Øn-te-dn-b-t∏mƒ

Dahnøm Jeo- -am-cpsS I_-dp-Iƒ Xnc™v ]nSn®p

\in-∏n -®ncp-∂p. B kµ¿`-Øn¬ Da-dp_v\p

A_vZn¬ Ako-kns‚ I_¿ amXw Hgnhm-°n-bXv

At±-l-tØm-Sp≈ BZ-csØ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p. t£a

hpw aX-t_m-[hpw [m¿Ωn-I-Xbpw Du´n-bp-d-∏n-°m≥

At±lw \S-Ønb ia-ßƒ \nkvXp-e-am-Wv. JP-\m-

hn¬ \n∂pw kzIm-cym-h-iy-Øn\p Nne-h-gn-°p-∂-Xn\v

]Icw Xs‚ mcy-bpsS hne-]n-Sn® B -c-W-ßƒ apgp-

h≥ ss_Øp¬ am-en-te°v At±lw kw`m-h\

\¬In. s]mXp-[\w Nne-h-gn-°p-∂-Xn¬ At±lw

ImWn® \njv°¿j°v \nc-h[n DZm-l-c-W-ß-fp-≠v.

Hcn-°¬ At±lw hnf°v IØn®p tPmen sNbvXp-

sIm-≠n-cns° Hcmƒ Ibdn h∂v kwkmcw Bcw- n-

®p. kwkmcw Bcw-`n-®-t∏mƒ hnf°v AW-®p-I-f-

™p. ImcWw tNmZn-®-t∏mƒ Ct∏m-gsØ \ΩpsS

kw`m-jWw kzIm-cy-kw-`m-j-W-amWv, hnf°v JP-

\m-hnse s]mXp-B-h-iy-Øn-∂p≈ ]W-ap-]-tbm-Kn-

®mWv IØn-°p-∂-Xv. AXns‚ shfn®w kzImcy

Bh-iy-Øn\v D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂Xv icn-b-√. Ckveman-

te°v IS-∂p-h-cp-∂-hsc At±lw \nIp-Xn-bn¬

\n∂pw Hgn-hm-°n-bn-cp∂p. Cu B\p-Iqeyw sIm≠v

\nc-h[n t]¿ Ckveman-te°v BIr-jvS-cm-bn. CuPn-

]vXnse hcp-am\w KWy-ambn Ipd-™p. CuPn]vXv

Kh¿W¿ ]pXpXmbn Ckveman-te°v hcp-∂-h¿°pw

\nIp-Xn-NpaØW-sa∂v \n¿t±-in-®-t∏mƒ "apl-ΩZv

\_n(-k) h∂Xv Icw ]ncn-hp-Im-c-\m-bn- √' F∂ adp-

]SnbmWv Jeo^ Da¿ \¬In-b-Xv. DtZym-K-ÿ-∑m-

cpsS [q¿Øpw Nne s]≥j-\p-Ifpw At±lw d±m-

°n. ]mh-ßƒ°v \nc-h[n t£a-]-h¿Ø-\-ßfpw

s]≥j\pw At±lw \S-∏m-°n. kvXoI-fp-ambn CS-

]-g-Ip∂ kµ¿- -ßfpw BNm-c-ßfpw At±lw \ntcm-

[n-®p. A∂v hym]-I-am-bp-≠m-bn-cp∂ Ipfn-∏p-c-I-fnse

\·-kv\m-\hpw \ntcm-[n-®p. Cßs\ CkvemanI

ssNX-\yw \nd-™p-\n∂ \oXn-bn-e-[n-jvTn-X-amb

`cWw ImcWw At±-lsØ Bfp-Iƒ c≠mw Da¿

F∂m-bn-cp∂p hnfn-®-Xv. CkvemanI ktµiw IqSp-

X¬ Bfp-I-fn-te-s°-Øn-°m≥ At±-lØn\p

km[n®p.

Da-dp_v\p A_vZn¬ Akokv A[n-Im-c-ta-s‰-Sp-

°p-tºmƒ apkvenwIƒ tIm¨Ãm‚n-t\m-∏n-fn¬ D]-

tcm[w XpS-cp-I-bm-bn-cp∂p. AXv ]cm-P-b-am-sW∂v

I≠ Da¿ ssk\ysØ aS°n-hn-fn-®p. cmjvSo-b-hn-

P-b-ßƒ t\Sp-∂-Xn-t\-°mƒ AXv t\Snb ÿe-ß-

fn¬ CkvemanI kwkvImcw ÿm]n-°m-\mWv

At±lw ]cn-i-an-®-Xv. Uam-kvI-knse sk‚ v tPm¨

]≈n heo-Zns‚ ImeØv apkvenw ]≈n-bmbn am‰n-

bn-cp-∂p. AXn-\p-]-Icw sk≥dv tXmakv ]≈n kw_-

‘n® ÿncm-h-Imiw InkvXym-\n-Iƒ°v At±lw

\¬In. InkvXym-\n-I-fn¬ \n∂v CuSm-°n-bn-cp∂

`mcn® \nIpXn At±lw sh´n-°p-d-®p. Jeo^

lZvdØv Aen(-d)-bpsS IpSpw-_sØ A[n-t£-]n®v

]kw-Kn-°p∂ ]Xnhv At±lw I¿i-\-ambn \ntcm-

[n-®p. lnPvd 101 In. h. 720-emWv At±lw Znhw-K-X-

\m-b-Xv. tIhew c≠v h¿jw amX-amWv At±lw

Jeo^ ]Zhn Ae¶-cn-®-Xv. F¶nepw Ckveman-I-N-cn-

X-Øn¬ Akm-[m-c-W-amb BZ-chpw kzm[o\hpw

Da-dp_v\p A_vZn¬ Akokv t\Sn-sb-Sp-°p-I-bp-≠m-

bn. ]n∂oSp≈ Dahnøm Jeo-^-am-cn¬ ]ap-J≥

lnim-an_v\p A_vZn¬ aen-°m-bn-cp-∂p. At±-l-

Øns‚ `c-W-Im-eØv apkvenw ssk\yw ^m≥

kns‚ ]Sn-hm-Xn¬°¬ hsc FØn-sb-¶nepw

]n≥hm-tß≠n h∂p. Ah-km-\sØ Dahnøm

Jeo^ a¿hm\p_v\p apl-ΩZv CuPn]vXn¬ sh®v

A∫m-kn-Ifm¬ h[n-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xv hsc Dahnøm Jeo-

-am-cpsS Jnem- Øv XpS¿∂p. (Xp-S-cpw)

18


[m[m[m[m[m¿ΩnIhpw B≤ym-fln-Ihpw

Bb ]cn-K-W\ ap≥\n¿Øn-tbm,

hwi-h¿≤\-bv°m-bn-t´m, Btcm-

Ky-]-c-amb Imc-W-ß-fm-tem, cmjv

So-b-_-‘-ßsf Bkv]-Z-am-°n

tbm H∂n-e-[nIw ]Xv\n-amsc

kzoI-cn-°p-∂-Xn\p Hcmƒ \n¿∫-

‘n-X-\m-bn-Øo-cp∂ kµ¿ -ßƒ

Nne-t∏mƒ Df-hm-Im-dp-≠v. X∂nan-

Øw, _lp- m-cym-XzsØ Ckvemw

A\p-h-Zn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. ]t£, c£m-

I¿Ør-Xz-Ønepw ssZln-I-amb

kmao-]y-k-º¿°m-Zn-I-fnepw F√m

Zbn-X-am-tcmSpw Xpey-\n-e-bn¬

h¿Øn-t°-≠-Xm-sW∂ \n_-‘\

Abmƒ \njvIr-jvS-ambpw A\p-

h¿Øn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. `¿Ømhv

Hmtcm ]Xv\n-bp-sSbpw IqsS

Xpey-amb Ime-b-f-hn¬ Xma-kn-

t°-≠-Xm-sW∂v I¬]n-°-s∏- n-cn-

°p-∂p. Hcmƒ°v Xs‚ If-X-ß-

tfmSv Xpey-amb coXn-bn¬ s]cp-

am-dp-hm≥ km[n-°m sX hcn-I-bm-

sW-¶n¬, Abmƒ \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n(-

k) hnh-cn® Xc-Øn¬ in£bv°v

kzbw ]mXo-`p-X-\m-bn-Øo-cp-I-

bmWv sNøp-∂-Xv. ]p\-cp-∞m-\-\m-

fn¬ AØ-c-°m-cpsS ico-cm¿≤w

amXta Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂¬°p-I-

bp-≈q-sh∂v Xncp-ta\n Acp-fn-bn-

_lp-`m-cymXzw_lp-`m-cymXzw_lp-`m-cymXzw_lp-`m-cymXzw_lp-`m-cymXzw

_lp-`m-cymXzw Nne kµ¿`-ß-fn¬ A\p-h-Z-\o-b-am-Wv._lp-`m-cymXzw Nne kµ¿`-ß-fn¬ A\p-h-Z-\o-b-am-Wv._lp-`m-cymXzw Nne kµ¿`-ß-fn¬ A\p-h-Z-\o-b-am-Wv._lp-`m-cymXzw Nne kµ¿`-ß-fn¬ A\p-h-Z-\o-b-am-Wv._lp-`m-cymXzw Nne kµ¿`-ß-fn¬ A\p-h-Z-\o-b-am-Wv.

cn-°p-∂p.

hnhm -l -tam -N -\tØbpw

_lp-`m-cy-XztØbpw ]m›m-Xy-

cmb ]WvUn-X-∑mcpw Nn¥-I-

∑mcpw ]e-t∏mgpw Bt£-]n-°p-

Ibpw Ah-tl-fn-°p-Ibpw sN

bvXn-´p-≠v. F∂m¬, hnhm-l-tam-

N-\sØ A\p-h-Zn-®-Xn\v ssZh-

Øns‚ B hcnjvT ]hm-N-Is‚

t\sc IW-°n-√mØ A[n-t£-]-

ßfpw iIm-c-ßfpw hmcn-s®m-cn-

™-tijw ]m›m-Xy-tem-Iw,

s]m´n-Ø-I-cm≥ t]mIp∂ Xß-

fpsS kmaq-ly-L-S-\sb Ac-°n-

´p-d-∏-°m≥th≠n GsX-¶nepw

]Im-c-Øn-ep≈ hnhm-l-tam-N-\-

\n-baw \S-∏n¬ hcp-tØ-≠-Xns‚

Bh-iy-I-X a\- n-em-°n-Øp-S-ßn-

bn-cn-°p∂p-sh-∂p-≈Xv FX bpw

IuXp-I-I-c-am-bn-cn-°p∂p! ssZh-

Øns‚ Xncp-Zq-Xsc A]-Io¿Øn-

s∏-Sp-Øm\pw A[n-t£-]n-°m\pw

]pd-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn-\p-ap-ºm bn ]m›m-

Xy-temIw AXn-s\-°p-dn®v th

≠X ]cym-tem-Nn-®ncps∂¶n¬,

C∂p kz¥w sX‰v G‰p-]-d-™p-

sIm≠p Ah¿°o am\-`wKw

kln-t°≠n hcn-I-bn-√m-bn-cp-∂p.

bqtdm∏v CkvemanI hnhm-l

-tam-N-\-I-asØ kzoI-cn-°m≥

Ct∏mgpw aSn-°p-I-bm-sW∂p Im

Wp-∂-Xn¬ Rm≥ AXy¥w hy

k-\n-°p-∂p. CkvemanI hnhm-l-

tam-N-\-\n-b-am-sW-¶n¬ Hcp `m

KØv Ign-bp-t∂-S-tØmfw hnhm-

l-tam-N-\sØ XS-bp-Ibpw as‰m

cp `mKØv Ah-km\ \S-]-Sn-

sb∂ \ne-bn¬ AXn-∂-\p-hmZw

\¬Ip-I-bp-amWv sNøp-∂-Xv. Nne

]m›mXy Kh¨sa‚p-Ifpw \nb-

a-k-`-Ifpw hnhm-l-tam-N-\sØ

th≠-Xn-e-[nIw kpK-a-am°n Xo¿

°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ am¿§-ßƒ Bkq-

XWw sNøp-I-bp-≠m-bn. F-

∂m¬, CØcw \nb-a-ßƒ hnhm-

l-tam-N-\-ß-fpsS FÆw A\-`n-

e-j-Wo-b-amw-hÆw s]cp-I-am-dm-

°p-Ibpw F√m IpSpw-_-_-‘-ß-

fp-tSbpw Poh-\m-bn-cn-°p∂ ssh

hm-lnI ]cn-ip-≤nsb \in-∏n®p

Km¿ln-I-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ ASn-Ø-

d-bn-f-°p-Ibpw sNøm≥ tl-Xp-I-

am-sb∂p hcpw. GX-Zzn-j-b-I-

ambn bqtdm∏v C∂-`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-®n-

´p≈ ]iv\-ß-fpsS icn-bmb

]cn-lm-c-am¿§w CkvemanI hnhm-

l-tam-N-\-\n-b-a-ßsf AwKo-I-cn-

°p-I-sb-∂Xp amX-am-Wv.

_lp-`m-cym-XzsØ°pdn®v

]m›m-Xy-temIw CXp-h-scbpw

lZvdØv an¿km _io-dp-±o≥ alvaqZv AlvaZv (d)lZvdØv an¿km _io-dp-±o≥ alvaqZv AlvaZv (d)lZvdØv an¿km _io-dp-±o≥ alvaqZv AlvaZv (d)lZvdØv an¿km _io-dp-±o≥ alvaqZv AlvaZv (d)lZvdØv an¿km _io-dp-±o≥ alvaqZv AlvaZv (d)

19


Kuc-h-]q¿∆w Nn¥n®p XpS-ßn-bn-

´n-s√-¶nepw AXn-s\-°p-dn®v th

≠X ]cym-tem-Nn-°p-hm≥ Ah¿

\n¿_-‘-s∏-Sp∂ \mfp-Iƒ hnZq-

c-a-√. \nb-Xn-\n-b-a-ßsf hf-sc-

°mew Ae-£y-am-°m-\m-hp-I-bn-

√t√m! _lp- m-cymXzw ssewKn-Im-

cm-P-I-Xz-Øn\p hgn-sX-fn-bn-°p-

sa∂p Nne¿ hmZn-°p-∂p. F

∂m¬, A\p-hmZw ]tbm-P-\-s∏-

Sp-Øp∂ Imcy-Øn¬ Ckvemw

h®n-´p≈ XS- -ß-sf-°p-dn®p

Aev]-sam∂p Nn¥n-°p-I-bm-sW-

¶n¬ _lp-]-Xv\o-XzsØ kw_-

‘n®v CkvemanI \nbaw hnj-b-

e-º-S-Xz-Øn∂v hgn-sh-°p-∂n-s√

∂p a\- n-em-°m≥ ]bm-k-ap-≠m-

I-bn-√. t\sc-a-dn-®v, a\p-jy≥ Nne-

t∏m-sg√mw Gs‰-Sp-°m≥ \n¿_-

‘-s∏-Sp∂ hºn®v XymK-am-W-Xv.

eº-S-Xz-sa-∂Xp A\n-b-¥n-Xambn

lrZ-tbm-√mkw hcp-Øp-I-sb-∂-

Xm-bn-cn-s°, H∂n-e-[nIw `mcy-

amsc kzo I-cn-°p-Ibpw Ah-cpsS

t\sc CkvemanI hn[n-b-\p-k-cn®v

\njv-Ir-jvS-amb ka- m-h-\bpw \o

Xnbpw ]pe¿Øp-Ibpw sNøp∂

Hcmsf eº-S-s\∂v hnfn-°m-hp-∂-

sX-ß-s\-sb∂p F\nbv°v a\- n-

em-°m≥ km[n-°p-∂n-√. Hcp mcy-

tbmSp \nßƒ GXp-X-c-Øn¬

s]cp-am-dp-∂pthm AXn¬ \n∂p

bmsXmcp Xc-Ønepw n∂-am-bn-cn-

°-cpXv as‰mcp `mcy-tbm-Sp≈

\nß-fpsS s]cp-am-‰hpw F∂v

Ckvemw B⁄m-]n-°p-∂p. Hcp

]Xv\nsb as‰mcp ]Xv\nsb-

°mfpw IqSp-X-embn kvt\ln®p

F∂p hcmw. ]t£, Ahƒ°v

as‰mcp mcybv°v \¬Ip-∂-Xnepw

Hcp ss]k t]mepw IqSp-X¬

\¬Ip-Itbm at‰ ]Xv\n-tbm-sSm

∏w Ign--®p-Iq- p-∂-Xnepw Hcp aWn-

°q-sd-¶nepw A[nIw Ah-tfm-

sSm∏w Ign-®p-Iq- p-Itbm sNøm≥

]mSp-≈-X-√. Hcp mcy-tbm-sSm∏w

Hcp Znhkw Xmakn-°p-I-bm-sW-

¶n¬, ]ns‰ Znhkw at‰ mcy-tbm-

sSm∏w ]m¿°p-Ibpw Aßs\

c≠p-t]-tcmSpw ssZz-hn[yw IqSm

sX s]-cp-am-dp-Ibpw th≠-Xm-Wv.

\nßƒ Hcp `mcy -tb-°mƒ

Bbncw aSßv A[nIw as‰mcp

`mcysb kvt\ln-°p-∂ps-h∂p

h∂mepw a‰p-≈-h¿°v ImWm-\m-

Im-ØXpw lr√o-\-hp-amb t]a-

hm-bv]n-sem-gn®p as‰√m ]Xy-£-

amb s]cp-am-‰-ß-fnepw ]cn-]q¿Æ-

amb kaXzw ]men-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

CXp eº-S-Xz-amtWm? AtXm

hnhm-l-tam-N-\-Øn-∂p≈hnhm-l-tam-N-\-Øn-∂p≈hnhm-l-tam-N-\-Øn-∂p≈hnhm-l-tam-N-\-Øn-∂p≈hnhm-l-tam-N-\-Øn-∂p≈kvXobpsS Ah-ImiwkvXobpsS Ah-ImiwkvXobpsS Ah-ImiwkvXobpsS Ah-ImiwkvXobpsS Ah-Imiw

lZvdØv AlvaZv (A)lZvdØv AlvaZv (A)lZvdØv AlvaZv (A)lZvdØv AlvaZv (A)lZvdØv AlvaZv (A)

CkvemanI \nb-a-Øn¬ hnhm-l-tam-N\w ]pcp-j-∑m¿°v

amXw A\p-h-Zn® Hcp Ah-Im-i-a-√. DNn-X-amb A[n-Im-cn-I-

fn-eqsS kvXoIƒ°pw hnhm-l-tam-N\w \S-Øm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

AØcw hnhm-l-tam-N-\-ßƒ°v CkvemanI ico-A-Øn¬

"Jpem' F∂mWv ]d-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. Hcp `¿Ømhv Abm-fpsS

`mcytbmSp tami-ambn s]cp-am-dp-I-tbm, AIm-c-W-ambn a¿±n-

°p-I-tbm, `mcy-tbmSv `¿Øm-hn-\p≈ IS-a-Iƒ \nd-th-‰p-∂-

Xn¬ ]cm-P-b-s∏-Sp-I-tbm, `¿Ømhv aXw amdp-I-tbm, Abm-

tfm-sSm∏w s]mcp-Ø-s∏-´p-sIm≠v Po-hn-°m≥ _p≤n

ap´pItbm BsW-¶n¬ Cu kml-N-cy-Øn¬ Ahƒt°m Ah-

fpsS c£-I¿Øm-°ƒt°m A[n-Im-c-ÿ-cpsS apºn¬

C°mcyw dnt∏m¿´v sNbvXv hnhm-l-tam-N\w ]m]n-°m-\p≈

≈ Ah-Im-i-ap-≠v. Ah-fpsS `mKØv \n∂p≈ Cu ]cmXn

\ymb-am-sW∂v \ymbm-[n-]\v t_m≤y-am-hp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬

Abmƒ°v ]kvXpX kvXobpsS hnhml_‘w Zp¿_-e-s∏-

SpØn tamN\w \¬Im-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. \ymbm-[n-]≥ ¿Øm-hns\

hnfn-∏n-®vv F¥p-sIm≠mWv Xm¶ƒ hnhmlw hnSp-X¬ sNøm≥

`mcysb A\p-h-Zn-°m-Xn-cn-°p-∂Xv F∂v Bcm-bp-Ibpw thWw.

Ckvemw kvXobpsS c£-I¿Øm-°-∑m-cpsS A\p-hmZ-an-

√msX \S-Ø-s∏´ hnhmlw AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂n-√. Ah-fpsS

]nXm-hn-s‚-tbm, ktlm-Z-cs‚-tbm, ASpØ ]pcp-j-_-‘p-hn-

t‚-tbm, A\p-hmZamWv th≠-Xv. A]-Imcw kvXobpsS amXw

CjvS-a-\p-k-cn®v hnhm-l-_‘w th¿s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xpw Ckvemw

AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂n-√. hnhml-tam-N-\-Øns‚ Imcy-Øn¬

Ckvemw IqSp-X¬ i≤ sNep-Øp∂p. Imcy-ßƒ a\- n-em-

ImsX kvXo kzbw- h-cp-Øn-sh-°p∂ \mi-Øn¬ \n∂pw

Ahƒ°v c£ e`n-°m≥ Ahsf klm-bn-°-W-sa∂v A[n-

Im-c-ÿ-tcmSv BPvRm-]n-°pI-bpw sNøp-∂p.

(Nivsa aAvcn^)

20


kzcm-Py-Ønt∂m hwi-Øn-t∂m-

th≠n kzbw hcn-°p∂ \nc-¥-c-

amb XymKtam?

\_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n(-k) Xs‚

hb v ImeØv hnj-tb— \nan-

Ø-amWv (\-Du-Zp-_n-√m-lv) H∂n-

e-[nIw `mcy-amsc kzoI-cn-®-

sX∂p Ckveman-I-\n-b-a-ß-sf-∏‰n

òa-amb A⁄X ]pe¿Øp-∂-

h¿ Hcp apk¬am-t\mSp ]d-bp-

tºmƒ Ahs‚ lr-Zbw t\mhp-

I-bnt√? bYm¿∞-Øn¬, B

]pWym-flmhv sNbvX Hmtcm hn

hm-lhpw Xs‚ \mń∂pw P\-

Øn\pw th≠n hcn® Hmtcm

I\Ø XymK-am-bn-cp∂p F∂p

ImWmw. Xs‚ Hmtcm Zzmc-ß-tfm

Spw B alm-flmhv ImWn-®n-´p≈

\oXn-]q¿∆-Ihpw ka-Xp-en-X-hp-

amb s]cp-am‰w B al--®-cn-X-sØ-

Ip-dn®p ]Tn-°m-s\m-cp-ßp-∂-h-cn¬

B ]pWym-flm-hns‚ t\sc aXn∏v

amX-a-√, klm-\p- -Du-Xn-IqSn P\n-

∏n-°p-hm≥ ]cym-]vX-am-Wv. ITn-\-

amb ]\n _m [n®v ac-W-i-ø-bn-

em-bn-cp-∂-t∏m gpw B alm-flmhv

c≠p-t]-cpsS tXmfn-eq-∂p-s°m

≠p Znh-khpw apd-]-Imcw Hmtcm

kl-[¿Ωn-Wn-bp-tSbpw Krl-

Øn¬ amdn-amdn sN√m-dp-≠m-bn-cp-

∂p-sh∂p Ncn Xw ]d-™p-X-cp-

∂p. Xs‚ \ncym-W-Øn\p GXm

\pw Znhkw apºv a‰p mcy-am-cpsS

\njvI¿j-b-\p-k-cn®p lZvdØv

Bbn-im(-d)-bpsS hk-Xn-bn¬

Ahn-Sp∂p hmk-ap-d-∏n-°p-Ibpw

Aßs\ AhnsS h®v Ncaw

]m]n-°p-I-bp-amWv D≠m-bXv

(k-lolv _pJm-cn).

Nne¿ _lp-]-Xv\o-XzsØ

Iqc-amb Htc¿∏m-Smbn NnXo-I-cn-

°p-∂p. F∂m¬, H∂n-e-[nIw

`mcy-amsc kzoI-cn-®p-sIm-≈p-∂-Xn-

∂p≈ A\p-hm-Z-Øns‚ \ntj-[-

amWv ]e-t∏mgpw Iqc-am-bn-´p--sX-

∂mWv ]d-tb-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

DZm-l-c-W-am-bn, mcybv°v NnØ-

tcmKw ]nSn-s]-Sp-Itbm Ahƒ

a‰p-Nne amdm-hym-[n -I-ƒt°m

Akv]¿iytcmK-ßƒt°m Cc-bm-

bn-Øo-cp-I-tbm, h‘y-bm-bn-°p-

Itbm sNbvI-bm-sW-¶n¬ Hcp

`¿Ømhv F¥p sNøWw? as‰m-

cp-Ønsb thbmƒ thƒ°m-Xn-cn-

°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬, k-ap-Zm-b-Øn

∂pw Ah-\p-X-s∂bpw tZmj-I-c-

am-bn -cn -°p∂ Xn∑-I-fn -te°v

Ah≥ hgp-Xn-ho-gm≥ CS-bm-bn-

Øo-cpw. _p≤n-`wiw ]‰nb Hcp

kvXo tbm-sSm∏w hkn-®p-sIm-≈-

-W-sa∂p Ah≥ \n¿_-‘n-°-s∏-

Sp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ AXv kap-Zm-b-

tØmSpw mhn-X-e-ap-d-tbmSpw sN

øp∂ ISpØ Hcp ]mX-I-am-bn-cn-

°pw. IpjvT-tcm-Kn-Wn-bmb `mcy-

tbm-sSm∏w Ah≥ Ign-®p-Iq--´-W-

sa-¶n¬ AsXmcp \njvTq-c-amb

\n¿_-‘-am-bn-cn-°pw. mcy ae-Sn-

bm -bn -cns° Ah≥ as‰mcp

hnhmlw Ign-°m-Xn-cn-°p-I-bm-sW-

¶n¬ AXv \mń-t\mSpw \m´m-

tcmSpw sNøp∂ A\o-Xn-bm-bn-cn-

°pw. ta¬ hnh-cn® GsX-¶nepw

kml-N-cy-Øn¬ Hcp-h≥ Xs‚

`mcysb Dt]-£n-°p-hm≥ Hcp-ßp-

∂-]£w AX-h∂p A]-am-\-tl-

Xp-I-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂-Xm-Wv. Fs¥-

∂m¬, Ahƒ ]cym-]vX-am-bn-cp-∂

Ime-a-Xbpw Ah-\-h-tfm-sSm∏w

Ign-®p-Iq- p-I-bpw, Ahs‚ c£m-

I¿ØrXzw Ahƒs°-Xbpw

A\p-t]-£y-amb Hcp L´-Øn¬

Ahsf Dt]-£n-°p-Ibpw sN

bvXp-sh∂ Bt£-]-Øn\v Ah≥

e£o-`-hn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. Cß-s\,

H∂n-e-[nIw mcy-amsc kzoI-cn-°p-

∂Xv AXym -hiyw amX-a -√,

cmjvSo-b-hpw, [m¿an-I-hp-amb Hcp

I¿Ø-hy-[¿Ωw IqSn-bm-bn-Øo-

cp∂ L´-ßƒ a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-

Øn¬ D≠m-Im-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

Jp¿-Bs‚ Cu k¶ev]w, kw

ibte-i-at\y Akm-[m-c-W-amb

H∂m-Wv. \ΩpsS ka-Im-eo\

temIØv D∂-X-amb hnZym- ymkw

e`n® Hcmƒ°v shfn-s∏-´-Xm-sW-

¶n¬t]mepw AXns‚ A¤pXw

Ipd-bp-∂n-√. F∂m¬ ]Xn-\mev

\q‰m-≠p-Iƒ°v aptº Atd-_y≥

acp -`q -an -bnse \nc -£-c -\mb

Hcmƒ°v imiz-X-ambn Bh¿Øn-

°-s∏-´p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ krjvSn

]In-b-sb-°p-dn®v G‰hpw D∂-X-

amb ⁄m\w shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-

s°m-SpØp F∂ hkvXpX Hcm

sf A¤p-X-]-c-X-¥-\m-°pw.

(13-˛¬ \n∂v XpS¿®)(13-˛¬ \n∂v XpS¿®)(13-˛¬ \n∂v XpS¿®)(13-˛¬ \n∂v XpS¿®)(13-˛¬ \n∂v XpS¿®) hoSpwhoSpwhoSpwhoSpwhoSpw

\n-kvIm-chpw\n-kvIm-chpw\n-kvIm-chpw\n-kvIm-chpw\n-kvIm-chpw

\_n(-k) Xncp-ta\nAcpƒ sNbvX-XmbnlZvdØv Ym_nØv(d)kbvZv_n≥ \nth-Z\w sNøp-∂p:

""\nß-fpsS hoSp-I-fn¬ \n-kvImcw A\p-jvTn-°p-I, ^¿fp-IƒPam-A-Ømbn A\p-jvTn-°p∂sXmgn-sI-bp≈\a-kvIm-c-ßƒ hoń¬sh®v A\p-jvTn-°p-∂-XmWv G‰hpw \√-Xv.''

(l-Zo-kv)

21


]]]]]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ°p-tijw

F√m Poh-Pm-e-ßƒ°pw- hn-iaw

Bh-iy-am-Wv. ImcWw ]h¿Ø-

\-ßƒ Poh-tIm -i -I -e -Isf

£oWn-∏n-°p-Ibpw ]cn-t°¬∏n-

°p-Ibpw sN-øp-∂p. hniaw

F∂m¬ AXns‚ ]cn-°p-Isf

\∂m°n ]q¿∆-ÿn-Xn-bn-em-°pI

F∂m-W¿∞w. \ΩpsS Dd-°-Øn-

\n-S-bn¬ XI-cmdmb tImi-ßsf

am‰n ]p\-:ÿm-]n-°p-Ibpw Ah

sb X¬ÿm\-Øp-\n∂v \o°w

sNøp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. a\p-jy\v

amX-a-√, arK-ßƒ°pw Dd°w

AXym-h-iy-am-Wv. kky-Pm-e-

ßƒ°pw hniaw AXy¥m-

t]£n-X-am-Wv. kqcy-Im¥ns®Sn-

CXn\v G‰hpw \√ DZm-l-c-W-

amWv. kqcy≥ DZn-°p-tºmƒ AXn

s‚ Zf-ßƒ hnI-kn-°p-Ibpw

kqcy≥ AkvX-an-°p-tºmƒ AXv

AS-bp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

Dd-°sØ kw_-‘n-t®S

tØmfw I¿i-\-amb \nb-¥-W-

ß-sfm-∂p-an-√. ImcWw, Dd-°w

Dd°w : Ckveman-IhpwDd°w : Ckveman-IhpwDd°w : Ckveman-IhpwDd°w : Ckveman-IhpwDd°w : Ckveman-Ihpw

imkvXo-b-hp-amb ]mT-ßƒimkvXo-b-hp-amb ]mT-ßƒimkvXo-b-hp-amb ]mT-ßƒimkvXo-b-hp-amb ]mT-ßƒimkvXo-b-hp-amb ]mT-ßƒ

a\p-jys‚ ]mbw, tPmen, A`n-

cp-Nn, F∂n-hsb Bi-bn-®mWv

\ne-sIm-≈p-∂-Xv. inip-°ƒ°pw

Ip´n-Iƒ°pw apXn¿∂-hsc At]-

£n®v [mcmfw kabw Dd°w

Bh-iy-am-Wv. apXn¿∂-h¿°v

bYm¿∞ Dd-°-tØ-°mƒ IqSp-X-

embn hniaw aXn. Ah¿ Ah-

cpsS icocw sIm≠v hni-an-®m¬

aXn. i-cocw sIm≠v ]hrØn-sb-

Sp-°p-∂-h-tc-°mƒ akvXnjvIw

sIm≠v ]hrØn-sb-Sp-°p-∂-

h¿°v Dd°w Bh-iy-am-Wv. AXp-

t]mse Btcm-Ky-an-√m-Ø-h¿°pw

tcmKn-Iƒ°pw IqSp-X¬ t\cw

Dd°w Bh-iy-am-Wv. akv XnjvIw

sIm≠v tPmen sNøp∂ ]mb-

]q¿Øn-bmb Btcm-Ky -ap≈

Bfp-Iƒ 7 aWn-°q-dn-e-[nIw Dd-

ß-Ww.

Dd-°-Øn\v G‰hpw \√ ka

bw cmXn-bm-sW∂ Imcyw kv]

jvS-am-Wv. cmhnse tPmenbpw

cmXn hni-ahpw ]Ir-Xn-bpsS

\nb-a-am-Wv. cmhn-esØ ]Imiw

a\p-jy\v tPmen sNøm≥ ] IrXn

Xs∂ Hcp-°nb Hcp A\p-K-l-am-

Wv. Cu ioe-Øn¬ \n∂p \mw

hyXn-N-en-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ AXv

A\m-tcmKyw £Wn-®p-h-cp-Øpw.

cmXn tPmen sNøp∂ cmXn-Im-

h¬°m-sc°p-dn®pw kn\n-am-Xm-c-

ßsf°p-dn-®p-ap≈ Btcm-Ky-kw-

_-‘-amb ]T-\-ßƒ CXn\v

hy‡-amb sXfnhv \¬Ip-∂p.

Dd°w \ΩpsS Zl-\-hy-h-

ÿsb KWy-ambn kzm[o-\n-°p-∂

D]m-]-Nb ]h¿Ø-\sØ Xzcn-X-

s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw icocw t]mj-

Ißsf kzmwio-I-cn-°m≥ klm-

bn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Zo¿L-ta-

dnb \nZ Btcm-KysØ Zpjn-∏n-

°p-∂p. Aßs\-bp≈ Dd°w

\ΩpsS icocw ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-°p∂

Zp¿tΩ-Z p-Itfbpw Zpjn® _m

jv]-ßtfbpw ]nt∂bpw kzmwio-

I-cn-°p-∂p. AXv ImcWw Zo¿L-

\nZ Hcmƒ°v Dt∑jw \¬Ip-∂-

Xn\v ]Icw Abmƒ°v £oWhpw

Dd-°-®-S-hp-am-bn-cn-°pw kΩm-\n-

tUm: jm\-hmkv Jm≥tUm: jm\-hmkv Jm≥tUm: jm\-hmkv Jm≥tUm: jm\-hmkv Jm≥tUm: jm\-hmkv Jm≥

a\p-jy\v hni-an-°m-\mbn ssZhw Hcp-°nb A\p-K-l-amWv Dd-°w.a\p-jy\v hni-an-°m-\mbn ssZhw Hcp-°nb A\p-K-l-amWv Dd-°w.a\p-jy\v hni-an-°m-\mbn ssZhw Hcp-°nb A\p-K-l-amWv Dd-°w.a\p-jy\v hni-an-°m-\mbn ssZhw Hcp-°nb A\p-K-l-amWv Dd-°w.a\p-jy\v hni-an-°m-\mbn ssZhw Hcp-°nb A\p-K-l-amWv Dd-°w.Btcm-Ky-Zm-b-I-amb Dd°w Fßs\bmbn-cn-°WwBtcm-Ky-Zm-b-I-amb Dd°w Fßs\bmbn-cn-°WwBtcm-Ky-Zm-b-I-amb Dd°w Fßs\bmbn-cn-°WwBtcm-Ky-Zm-b-I-amb Dd°w Fßs\bmbn-cn-°WwBtcm-Ky-Zm-b-I-amb Dd°w Fßs\bmbn-cn-°Ww

F∂-Xn-s\-°p-dn®v Hcp hnh-cWwF∂-Xn-s\-°p-dn®v Hcp hnh-cWwF∂-Xn-s\-°p-dn®v Hcp hnh-cWwF∂-Xn-s\-°p-dn®v Hcp hnh-cWwF∂-Xn-s\-°p-dn®v Hcp hnh-cWw

22


°p-I. Ipd®p t\csØ A≤zm-

\hpw Ipd®p t\csØ hn-i-a-hp-

amWv A`n-Im-ayw. C°m-cy-Øn¬

G‰hpw DØ-a-amb amXrI dkq¬

Xncp-ta-\n(-k)-bp-tS-Xm-Wv. Ahn-

Sp∂v t\c-sØ-Øs∂ Dd-ßp-

Ibpw A¿≤-cm-Xn-I-gn™v ]pe¿

s® Xl-÷pZv \nkvIm-c-Øn-\mbn

DW-cp-Ibpw sNøpw. ho≠pw

D®°v Hcp eLp-\n-Z ]m]n-°pw.

sshIn-bp-d-ßp-∂Xpw sshIn-bp-

W-cp-∂-Xp-am-Wv \√-sX∂v Nne

Bfp-Iƒ ]d-bm-dp-≠v. ]t£, Cu

ioew \√-X-√. CXv ]Ir-Xn°v

tN¿∂-Xp-a-√. ]£n-I-fpw, arK-ß-

fp-a-S°w F√m Pohn-Ifpw t\c

sØ Dd-ßp-Ibpw t\csØ DW-

cp-Ibpw sNøp∂ ioe-ap-≈-h-cm-

Wv. Hcp apkvenw \nkvIm-c-Øn-

∂mbn t\csØ DW-cm-\mWv

B⁄m-]n-°-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Cu

ioew ]Ir-Xn°v A\p-tbm-Pyhpw

Btcm-Ky-Ic-hp-am-Wv.

ae¿∂v InS-∂p-d -ßp-∂Xv

Btcm-Ky-I-c-amb coXn-b-√. AXv

\s´-√n∂v kΩ¿±-ap-≠m-°pw.

kz]v\-kvJ-e-\-ap-≠m-°p-Ibpw

sNøpw. A]-Imcw, Iagv∂p InS-

∂p-d-ßp-∂Xpw Btcm-Ky-I-c-amb

ioe-a-√. CSXv mKw Ncn™v InS-

∂p-d-ßp∂Xv Btcm-Ky-Øn\v

hfsc tZmj-I-c-am-Wv. AXv lr-Z-

b-Øn\v kΩ¿±-ap-≠m-°pw. akv Xn-

jvI-Ønse c‡-N-wI-a-W-sØ

_m[n-°p-Ibpw sNøpw. AXp-

t]mse Ia-gv∂p-In-S-∂-d-ßp-∂Xv

Zpkz-]v\-ßƒ ImWm\pw Dd--°-

sØ-gpt∂‰v \S-°p-∂-Xn\pw (kz-

]v\m-S-\w) Imc-Wamhpw ˛ im

kvXo -b -ambn, Dd -°Øn∂p

G‰hpw A\p-tbm-Py-amb \ne

he-Xv mKw Ncn-™p-d-ßp-I-bm-Wv.

CXv (imkvXo-bambn) B[p-\nI

sshZy-imkvXw hfsc hy‡-

ambn sXfn -bn -® Imcy-am -Wv.

Ckvemans‚ ssZhn-Im-≤ym-]-\-ß-

fpsS alXz-Øn\v B[p-\n-I-

imkvXw km£n-\n¬°p-I-bm-Wv.

CkvemwaX -ÿm-] --Icpw ap

kvenwI-fpsS bP-am-\-\p-amb

lZvdØv apl-ΩZv apkvX-^m(-k)

Xs‚ A\p-bm-bn-I-tfmSv heXv

hiw Ncn-™v InS-∂p-d-ßm-\mWv

D]tZ-in-®n-´p-≈-Xv. Ign-bp-∂Xpw

"Xe' hS°v hiØv sh®m-bn-cn-

°Ww Dd-tß-≠-Xv. ImcWw qan-

bpsS Im¥n-I-tc-J-Iƒ hS°v

\n∂v sXt°m-´mWv [mc-bmbn

t]mhp-∂-Xv. AXv hfsc \nKq-V-

ambn \ΩpsS \mUn-hy-h-ÿ-bp-

ambn _‘-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p. AXp-

sIm≠v Cu Im¥n-I-tc-J-Iƒ°v

kam-¥-c-ambn´mbn-cn-°Ww \mw

InS-t°-≠-Xv. AXns‚ hn]-co-X-Zn-

i-bnemIm≥ ]mSn-√.

Dd-ßm≥ InS-°p-tºmƒ \mw

i≤n-t°≠ hfsc ][m-\-s∏´

Hcp Imcyw \mw a\- n¬ Fs¥m

cp Imcyw Nn¥n-®p-sIm-≠mtWm Dd-

ßm≥ InS-°p-∂Xv, AXv \Ωp sS

D]-t_m-[-a-\- n¬ B cmXn apgp-

h\pw Xßn -\ne v°pw. AXv

At_m-[m-fl-I-ambn \ma-dn-bmsX

\ΩpsS Nn¥-tbbpw ]hrØn-I-

tfbpw kzm[o-\n-°p-Ibpw sN

øpw. CXn\p≈ sXfnhv Hcp inip

Ic-™p-sIm-≠mWv Dd-ßp-∂-sX-

¶n¬ AXv DW-cp-∂Xv Ic-™p-

sIm-≠m-bn-cn-°pw F∂-XmWv.

AXv ape-Ip-Sn-®p-sIm-≠mWv Dd-ßn-

b-sX-¶n¬ Np≠p-Iƒ sIm≠v ape

IpSn-°p-∂Xv t]mse-bp≈ Ne-\-

ß-fp-am-bn-´m-bn-cn°pw DW-cp-I.

AXp-sIm≠v \mw Ddßm≥ InS-

°p-tºmƒ \√ Nn¥-ItfmtSbpw

ssZh-kva-c-W-tbm-tSbpw InS-∂p-d-

ß-Ww.

dkq¬ Xncp-ta-\n(-k) Dd-ßp-

∂-Xn\v apºv hnip≤ Jp¿-B-\nse

hN-\-ßƒ ]mcm-bWw sNøm≥

\tΩmSv D]-tZ-in-®n- p-≠v. AXm-bXv

"Bb-Øp¬ Ip¿kn' bpw Jp¿-B-

\nse Ah-km-\sØ aq∂v kqd-

Øp-I-fp-amWv C]-Imcw HmXp-

hm≥ Iev]n-®-Xv. Cu Jp¿-B≥

hN-\-ßƒ a¥-ßƒ sNm√p-∂-Xp-

t]mse sNm√nØo¿°p-I-b√

th≠-Xv. B hN-\-ßƒ A√m-lp-

hns‚ G‰hpw ]c-tam-∂-X-amb

KpW-ßsf hmgvØp-I-bmWv sN

øp-∂-Xv. AXns‚ A¿∞sØ

kw_-‘n®v \mw AKm-[-amb b-

-‡n-tbmsS Nn¥n-®p-sIm≠v Cu

ssZhn-I-Kp-W-ßsf∏‰n-bp≈ Bg-

ta-dnb a\-\-ßƒ \ΩpsS Bflm-

hns\ ip≤o-I-cn-°p-∂p. Xn∑-bn¬

\n∂pw F√m Aip -I-c-amb Nn¥-

I-fn¬ \n∂pw \sΩ \n¿ap-‡-am-

°n ssZh-Øn¬ i-cWw ]m]n-

°m≥ Cu Jp¿-B≥ hN-\-ßƒ

\sΩ t]cn-∏n-°p-∂p. CØcw

ioe-ßƒ \mw hfsc Btem-N-\m-

]q¿∆w ]mh¿Øn-I-am-°p-I-bm-

sW-¶n¬ AXv \ΩpsS [m¿ΩnI

i‡nsb hºn-®-tXm-Xn¬ Db¿

Øp-∂-Xm-Wv.

cmXnt\csØ `£Ww

Ign® DSs\Øs∂ InS-∂p-d-ßp-

∂Xv \√ ioe-a-√. "cmXn £Ww

Ign-®-Xn-\p-tijw Hcp ssase-

¶nepw \S-°pI' F∂ B]vX-

hmIyw Nn¥-\o-b-am-Wv. CXv

Btcm-Ky-Øn\v hfsc \√-Xm-Wv.

AXp-sIm-≠mWv Ckvemw Cim

\nkvImcw \n¿_-‘-ambpw ]≈n-


23


`m`m`m`m`mj. Bi-b-hn-\n-a-b-Øns‚

Bflm-hmWp `mj. C∂v

temIØv hnhn[ tZi-ß-fn¬

hyXy-kvX -`m-j-Iƒ kwkm-cn-°-

s∏-Sp-∂p-≠v. an°-hm-dpw Hmtcm

cmPy-Øn\pw Hmtcm `mj-bp-s≠-

¶n¬, C≥UybpsS hnj-b-Øn¬,

AXv Hmtcm ]hn-iy°pw Hmtcm

`mj F∂ \ne-bn-em-Wp-≈-Xv.

F∂m¬ `mj-bpsS P\\w

F∂mWv; `qap -JØv `mj

F∂mWv hym]-I-am-b-Xv, F∂o

hnj-b-ßƒ `mjm-K-th-j-Isc

C∂pw Gsd Ipg-bv°p-∂p-≠v.

Cu hnj-b-Øn¬ ]cn-ip≤

Jp¿B≥ ]d-bp-∂Xp t\m°p-I:

"B ]c-a -Im -cp -Wn -I≥,

Ah≥, Jp¿-B≥ ]Tn -∏n -®p.

Ah≥ a\p-jys\ krjvSn-®p. a\p-

jys\ mj-W-Ie A`y-kn-∏n-°p-

Ibpw sNbvXp.'

a\p-jy≥ Bi-b-hn-\n-a-b-Øn-

\p-]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ mjbpw mj-W-

kn-≤nbpw \nKq-V-c-l-ky-ß-fpsS

Hc-Xp-ey-I-e-h-d-bm-Wv. mj-W-Ie

Fßs\ D¤-hn -®p-sh-∂-Xn\v

imkvXw Ct∂mfw Xr]vXn-I-c-amb

Hcp hni-Zo-I-cWw \¬In-bn- n-√.

Aaq¿Øhpw AZr-iy-hp-amb

A¬Jp¿-B≥ FIvkn-_n-j≥ ˛ 7.A¬Jp¿-B≥ FIvkn-_n-j≥ ˛ 7.A¬Jp¿-B≥ FIvkn-_n-j≥ ˛ 7.A¬Jp¿-B≥ FIvkn-_n-j≥ ˛ 7.A¬Jp¿-B≥ FIvkn-_n-j≥ ˛ 7.

F.Iyp alvZnF.Iyp alvZnF.Iyp alvZnF.Iyp alvZnF.Iyp alvZn

`mjm-ssh-hn-[y-ß-fpw,Ad-_n- m-j-bpsS ssZhn-I-Xzhpw

arKØn¬ \n∂pw hyXykvX-ambn hnIk-t\m-∑p-J-amb Hcp ss[j-WnIarKØn¬ \n∂pw hyXykvX-ambn hnIk-t\m-∑p-J-amb Hcp ss[j-WnIarKØn¬ \n∂pw hyXykvX-ambn hnIk-t\m-∑p-J-amb Hcp ss[j-WnIarKØn¬ \n∂pw hyXykvX-ambn hnIk-t\m-∑p-J-amb Hcp ss[j-WnIarKØn¬ \n∂pw hyXykvX-ambn hnIk-t\m-∑p-J-amb Hcp ss[j-WnI

]cn-WmaamWv a\p-jy\n¬ kw`-hn-®Xv]cn-WmaamWv a\p-jy\n¬ kw`-hn-®Xv]cn-WmaamWv a\p-jy\n¬ kw`-hn-®Xv]cn-WmaamWv a\p-jy\n¬ kw`-hn-®Xv]cn-WmaamWv a\p-jy\n¬ kw`-hn-®Xva\- v, Nn¥ F∂n-h-bn¬ \n∂p-

amWv mj-W-hrØn Bcw- n-°p-∂-

Xv. ]n-∂oSv aq¿Ø-amb akvXn-

jvIw, \mUo-hyq-lw, t]in-Iƒ,

kz\-t]-S-Iw, \mhv, Np≠v XpS-

ßnb Ah-b-h-ß-fn-eqsS Ah

`mjm-]-Z-ß-fmbn D®-cn-°-s∏-Sp-

Ibpw hmbp-hn-eqsS timXm-

hns‚ I¿Æ-]p-S-ß-fn-se-Øp-I-bp-

amWv sNøp-∂-Xv. AXp-t]mse

akvXn-jvIw, \mUn, t]in XpS-

ßnb a\p-jym-h-b-h-ßfpw a\p-

jy-a-\ pw GtIm-]n-∏n®v ]h¿

Øn-°p-tºm-gmWv `mj-bn-eqsS

Bi-b-hn-\n-abw km[y-am-hp-∂-Xv.

k¶o¿Æ mj-mL-S-\-bp≈ mj

]mIrX a\p-jy¿°v Hcn-°epw

km[y-am-hp-am-bn-cp-∂n√.

A_-≤-k-ºq¿Æ-amb Nne

`mjm-kn-≤m-¥-ßƒ IqSn Ct∏mƒ

\ne-hn-ep-≠v. a\p-jy- mj tIhew

\nc¿∞-I-i-_vZ-ß-tfbpw arK-i-

_vZ-ßtfbpw a‰pw A\p-I-cn-®v,

a\p-jy≥Xs∂ Hcp ImeØv cq]-

s∏ - S p -Ø n -b - X m - sW -∂mW v

]sØmºXmw \q‰m-≠p-hsc uXn-

`mj A¤p-X-I-c-amb Hcp kn≤n-bmWv. mj Fßs\ D¤-hn®p?`mj A¤p-X-I-c-amb Hcp kn≤n-bmWv. mj Fßs\ D¤-hn®p?`mj A¤p-X-I-c-amb Hcp kn≤n-bmWv. mj Fßs\ D¤-hn®p?`mj A¤p-X-I-c-amb Hcp kn≤n-bmWv. mj Fßs\ D¤-hn®p?`mj A¤p-X-I-c-amb Hcp kn≤n-bmWv. mj Fßs\ D¤-hn®p?

Bcv AXv a\p-jys\ ]Tn-∏n®p?Bcv AXv a\p-jys\ ]Tn-∏n®p?Bcv AXv a\p-jys\ ]Tn-∏n®p?Bcv AXv a\p-jys\ ]Tn-∏n®p?Bcv AXv a\p-jys\ ]Tn-∏n®p?

24


I-hm-Zn-I-fmb _ntl-hn-b-dn-Ãp-I-

fp-tSbpw (Behaviourist) LS-\m-hm-

Zn-I-fp-tSbpw (Structuralist) a‰p

Nne `mjm-]-WvUn-X-∑m-cp-tSbpw

hmZw. am¿Ivkv ap≈-sd-t∏m-se-

bp≈ alm-]-Xn-`-Ifpw CØcw

kn≤m-¥-ßsf ]n¥m-ßn-bn-cp-∂p.

AXn-k-¶o¿Æhpw AXo-h-K-l-\-

hp-am-b, `mj-bpsS Dev]-Ønsb

kw_-‘n-®p≈ Dƒ°-\-an-√mØ

Pev]-\-ß-fm-sW∂p ]d™p

CØcw kn≤m-¥-ßsf B[p-\nI

`mjm-]-WvUn-X-∑m¿ ]msS \ntj-

[n-°p-I-bmWp sNbvX-Xv.

icn-°p-]-d-™m¬ a\p-jy-

\n¬ P\n-X-I-]-c-ambn DƒtN¿∂

Hcp Ah-b-h-Øn\p XØp-ey-

amWv `mj. B[p-\nI `mjm-]-

fin-X-∑m-cn¬ ]ap-J-\mb t\mw

tNmkvIn (Noam Chosky), `mja\p-jy-i-co-c-Øn¬ P\n-X-I-]-c-am-

bn-Øs∂ eo\-amb Hc-h-b-h-am-

sW∂p Xs∂ ]d-bp-∂p-≠v. AXn-

\-\p-kr-X-ambn a\p-jy≥ kmw

kvIm-cnI `mj-I-fn¬ s]mXpth

ImWp∂ "km¿∆-XnI hymI-

cWw' At±lw Is≠-Øn. "]P-

\\ hymI-cWw' F∂-t±lw

AXn\p t]cn-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp.

`mjbv°v t\mw tNmkvIn \¬

Inb \n¿∆-N-\hpw hfsc i≤m¿

l-am-Wv.

`mj-bpsS kjvSmhv ssZhw

Xs∂-bms-sW∂v hnip≤ Jp¿-

B≥ ASn-h-c-bn´p ]kvXm-hn-°p-

∂p.

"Fs∂ Bcm-[n-°p-hm≥ th

≠n-b-√msX Rm≥ Pn∂n-t\bpw

C≥knt\bpw kr-jvSn-®n-´n√'

F∂p ]d-™-tXm-sSm∏w Xs∂

Cßs\-IqSn ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂p.

"dlvam\mb A√mlp a\p-jys\

krjvSn-®p. Ahs\ `mj-W-Ie

A`y-kn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp'.

as‰m-cn-SØp C]-Imcw IqSn-bp-≠v.

"A√mlp BZ-ans\ F√m \ma-

ßfpw A`y-kn-∏n-®p.'

F√m `mj-I-fptSbpw k

jvSmhv ssZh-am-sW-∂pw, BZy-

ambn Ah≥ a\p-jy\v shfn-s∏-

Sp-Øn-s°m-SpØ mj Ad-_n-bm-

sW∂pw 1895- ¬ lZvdØv an¿km

Kpemw AlvaZv (A) ssZhnI

shfn-]m-Sns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬

]Jym-]n-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. A-t∂m

fw Cu bmYm¿∞yw temI-Øn\v

A⁄m-X-am-bn-cp-∂p. Ad-_n-

bmWv BZy- m-j-sb-∂-Xn-\m¬ a‰p

`mj-I-sfm-s°-Øs∂ AXn s‚

imJ-I-fm-Wv. kmaq-ly-Pohn F∂

\ne-bn¬ `mj a\p-jys‚ Ahn-

`m-Py-L-S-I-am-Wv. `mj-W-tijn

IqSmsX a\p-jy\v ssZhsØ

Bcm-[n-°m\pw Xncn-®-dn-bm\pw

Ign-bn√ ˛ `mj-W-ti-jn-tbm-Sp-

IqSn amXta a\p-jy-kr-jvSn∏v

kºq¿Æhpw anI-hp-‰-Xp-am-Ip-

∂p≈q. `mj-bmWv am\p-jn-I-X-

bpsS i‡nbpw kuµ-cy-hpw. Cu

Ignhv arK-ßƒ°n-√-Xm-\pw.

`mjm-ssh-hn[yw Hcp ssZ

hnI ]≤Xn Xs∂-bm-sW∂v Jp¿

B≥ a\- n-em-°n-Ø-cp-∂p.

"Ahs‚ ZrjvSm-¥-ß-fn¬

s]´-XmWv BIm-i-ß-fp-tSbpw

`qan-bp-tSbpw krjvSn-∏pw, Zn\-ß-

fptSbpw mj-I-fp-tSbpw h¿Æ-ß-

fp-sSbpw sshhn-≤y-hpw, Adn-hp-

≈-h¿°v AXn¬ ]e ZrjvSm-¥-ß-

fp-ap-≠v. Cu aqe-hm-Iy-Øn\v \ap-

°n-ßs\ A¿∞w Iev]n-°mw.

Ad_n aqe-`m-j-bm-sW∂p

]d-bp∂ hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥, mj-

I-fpsS sshhn-≤y-ßƒ ]]-©-\n-

baw-t]mse Hcp ssZhnI Bkq-

XW ]≤-Xn-bpsS `mK-ams-sW

∂pw ]d-bp-∂p. Cu sshcp-≤y-

ßsf krjvSn-°p∂ \nb-ahpw

a\p-jy--`m-j-I-fn¬ s]mXpth

ImW-s∏-Sp∂ \nb-ahpw B[p-

\nI `mjm-imkvXw kKu-chw

]Tn-°p-∂p-≠v.

]]-©-\n-b-a-Øns‚ ]mT-Øn-

s‚-b-X- Xs∂ Du∂¬ `mjm-\n-

ba ]T-\-ßƒ°pw \¬Ip-tºmƒ,

AXv ]]-©-kr-jvSn-bpsS aqe-Im-

c-W-ß-fn-tebv°v \sΩ \bn-°p-∂-

Xm-Wv.

25


CCCCC‚¿s\-‰n¬ "i‡cpw Ai-‡cpw' F∂ Xe-s°-

ń¬ hfsc ck-I-c-amb Hcp N¿® \S-°p-I-bm-Wv.

tNmZy-an-XmWv. F¥p-sIm≠v 14 Zi-e£w amXw

hcp∂ PqX-∑m¿ i‡-cmbpw 140 Zi-e£w hcp∂

apkvenwIƒ i‡n-lo-\--cpambn-cn-°p-∂-Xv? tUm.

^mdq°v keo-ans‚ DØcw H∂p amX-amWv, "hnZym-

`ymkw'. At±-l-Øns‚ DØ-c-Øn\v Nne ISpØ

bmYm¿∞y-ß-fpsS ]n¥p-W-bp-≠v.

Ign™ 105 h¿j-ßƒ°nS-bn¬ PqX-∑m¿ 180

t\m_¬ kΩm-\-ßƒ hmcn-°q-ń. AtX-k-abw

apkvenwIƒ°v e`n-®Xv 3 t\m_¬ kΩm\ßƒ amX-

amWv (im-kvX-hn-j-b-ßƒ°v). F°m-e-tØbpw

G‰hpw henb kzm[o-\-ap≈ imkvX-⁄-\mbn Adn-

b-s∏-Sp∂ B¬_¿´v sF≥Ão≥, \q‰m-≠ns‚

hy‡n-bpw, a\x-im-kvX-Øns‚ ]nXm-hp-ambn Adn-

b-s∏-Sp∂ ÃnKva≠v t^mbvUv F∂n-h¿ PqX-∑m-cm-

bn-cp-∂p. AXp-t]mse 250 apX¬ 300 hsc sF.-

Iyp.hp -(_p≤n-tijn-bpsS Af-hv)ambn Pohn®

Imd¬ am¿Ivkv, saU-en≥ Bƒ _¿´v, t\mw

tNmkvIn, hn√yw sPbnwkv kn_nUv F∂o a\p-jy-

]-Xn- -Iƒ PqX-∑m-cm-bn-cp-∂p.

temI-Øn¬ G‰hpw DZm-c-ambn kw`m-h\

sNbvX a\p-jy-kvt\ln tPm¿Pv tkmtdmkv BWv.

400 tImSn tUmf-dmWv At±lw kw`m-h\ sNbvX-Xv.

AsX√mw imkvX-]-T-\-Øn-\mbn temI-Øn-se-ßp-

ap≈ bqWn-th-gvkn-‰n-Iƒ ]¶n-s´-Sp-Øp. Cu KW-

Øn¬s∏´ c≠m-asØ PqX≥ hmƒ´¿ BUw-s_¿Kv

BWv. At±lw 200 tImSn tUmf¿ kw`m-h-\- \evIn

BtKmf apkvenw Zpc-hÿBtKmf apkvenw Zpc-hÿBtKmf apkvenw Zpc-hÿBtKmf apkvenw Zpc-hÿBtKmf apkvenw Zpc-hÿ

temIØv 100 sse_-dn-Iƒ ÿm]n-®p. am[y-a-tem-

IØv thmƒ v _vfn‰vk¿ (CNN) _m¿_dm hmƒ´¿

(ABC News) bqPn≥ tab¿ (hm-jnw-KvS¨ t]mÃv)

Kd≥hmƒUv (ssSw No v FUn-‰¿) ImX-dn≥ Klmw

(hm-jnw-KvS¨ t]mÃv ]ªn-j¿) tPmk^v en√n-

sb≥kv (\yq-tbm¿°v ssSwkv ap≥ FUn-‰¿) F√mw

PqX-∑m-cm-Wv. temIØv A©p a\pjycn¬ Hcmƒ

apkvenam-Wv. AXm-bXv Hmtcm lnµp-hn∂pw ]Icw

c≠v apkvenwI-fp≠v. Hmtcm PqX\pw \qdv apkvenwI-

fp-ap≠v F∂ Imcyw \mw Hm¿°-Ww.

Zpc-h-ÿ°v ImcWwZpc-h-ÿ°v ImcWwZpc-h-ÿ°v ImcWwZpc-h-ÿ°v ImcWwZpc-h-ÿ°v ImcWw

UNDP (bq-ssW‰Uv t\j≥kv Uh-e-∏nwßv

t]mKmw) InkvXo-b-tem-IsØ km£-cX 90 iX-

am-\-am-Wv. 15 InkvXy≥ cmjvS-ßƒ \qdvi-X-am\w

km£-cX t\Sn-b-h-cm-Wv. CXn-\p-]-I-c-ambn apkvenw

temIsØ km£-cX 40 iX-am\w amX-am-Wv. \qdv

iX-am\w km£-cX t\Snb Hscm‰ apkvenw cmPy-

hp-an-√. InkvXo-b-tem-IØv km£-cX t\Sn-b-h-cn¬

98 iX-am-\hpw ss]adn kvIqƒ hnZym- ymkw t\Sn-

b-h-cm-Wv. F∂m¬ apkvenw temIsØ km£-c-cn¬

50 iX-am\w amX-amWv ss]adn kvIqƒ hnZym- ymkw

t\Sn-b-h¿. InkvXob temIØv 40 iX-am\w Bfp-

Ifpw bqWn-th-gvkn-‰n hnZym-`ymkw e`n-®-h-cm-bn-

cns° apkvenw temIØv 2 iX-am\w amX-amWv

]kvXpX hnZym- ymkw e`n-®-h¿.

apkvenw `qcn-]£ cmPy-ß-fn¬ Hcp Zi-e£w

Bfp-Iƒ°v 230 hoXw imkvX-⁄-∑m-cm-Wp-≈-Xv.

ù-Xn-I-t£-a-Ønepw hnù-Xn-I-t£-a-Ønepw hnù-Xn-I-t£-a-Ønepw hnù-Xn-I-t£-a-Ønepw hnù-Xn-I-t£-a-Ønepw hnZym-`ym-k- Im-cy-Ønepw apkvenwI-fpsS ]nt∂m-°m-Zym-`ym-k- Im-cy-Ønepw apkvenwI-fpsS ]nt∂m-°m-Zym-`ym-k- Im-cy-Ønepw apkvenwI-fpsS ]nt∂m-°m-Zym-`ym-k- Im-cy-Ønepw apkvenwI-fpsS ]nt∂m-°m-Zym-`ym-k- Im-cy-Ønepw apkvenwI-fpsS ]nt∂m-°m-

h-ÿsb∏‰n "Zn lnµp' (2008 Un-kw-_¿ 21) ]X-Øn¬ h∂ teJ-\w).h-ÿsb∏‰n "Zn lnµp' (2008 Un-kw-_¿ 21) ]X-Øn¬ h∂ teJ-\w).h-ÿsb∏‰n "Zn lnµp' (2008 Un-kw-_¿ 21) ]X-Øn¬ h∂ teJ-\w).h-ÿsb∏‰n "Zn lnµp' (2008 Un-kw-_¿ 21) ]X-Øn¬ h∂ teJ-\w).h-ÿsb∏‰n "Zn lnµp' (2008 Un-kw-_¿ 21) ]X-Øn¬ h∂ teJ-\w).

alvaqZv _n≥ apl-ΩZvalvaqZv _n≥ apl-ΩZvalvaqZv _n≥ apl-ΩZvalvaqZv _n≥ apl-ΩZvalvaqZv _n≥ apl-ΩZv

(tijw 28 ˛ ¬ )(tijw 28 ˛ ¬ )(tijw 28 ˛ ¬ )(tijw 28 ˛ ¬ )(tijw 28 ˛ ¬ )

26


BBBBBtKmf AlvaZnøm apkvenw kaq-l-Øns‚

"t]m∏v' Bhp-∂-Xn-\p-aptº Lm\-bn¬ At±lw

tKmXºv hnf-bn-°p-I-bpw, sk°-≠dn kvIqfn¬

A≤ym-]-I-\m-bn, hnZym¿∞n-Isf ]Tn-∏n-°p-I-bp-am-

bn-cp-∂p. "aX-\nµ'bpsS t]cn¬ ]mIn-kvXm-\n¬

At±-lsØ AdÃp sNbvXn-´p-≠v. kw`-h-_-lp-e-

amb Xs‚ ]bm-W-Øn-s\m-Sp-hn¬ BtKmf Alv

aZnøm kaq-l-Øns‚ AXyp∂-Xhpw al-Xz-am¿∂-

Xp-amb ]c-tam-∂X ]Z-hn-bn¬ At±lw FØn-t®-

cp-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv.

kph¿Æ tKmXºv hnf-bn-°p∂ ]mS-ßfn¬

Jeo^ Xs‚ kpc-`n-e-amb ]pXnb kz]v\-ß-fpsS

hnØp-hn-X-°p-I-bm-Wv. an° Bfp-Iƒ°pw Alv

aZn-Iƒ Bcm-sW-∂-dn-bn-√. blq-Z¿ anin-lm-bn¬

hniz-kn-°p-∂-Xp-t]m-se, InkvXym-\n-Iƒ InkvXp-

hn¬ hniz-kn-°p-∂Xv t]mse lnµp-°ƒ IrjvW-

\n¬ hniz-kn°p-∂-Xp-t]mse AlvaZn-Iƒ ]sØm-

ºXmw \q‰m-≠n-s\m-Sp-hn¬ h∂ hnhm-Z-\m-b-I\pw

h¿Æ-i-_-fn-a-bm¿∂ C¥y≥ aX-]p-cpj\p-amb

an¿km Kpemw AlvaZns\ alvZnbpw ako-lp-am-

sW∂v hniz-kn-°p-∂p. At±-l-amWv apl-ΩZv \_n-

bpsS bYm¿∞ ]Xn-]p-cp-j≥ F∂mWv AlvaZn-I-

fpsS hnizm-kw.

an° aX-ÿcpw ho≠pw hcp-sa∂v ]Xo-£n-

°p∂ ako-lmWv Xß-fpsS ako-sl∂v AlvaZn-

Iƒ ]d-bp-∂p.

an¿km akvdq¿ AlvaZv hmKvZØ ako-lns‚

aq∂mw Xe-ap-d-bnse k¥m-\-am-Wv. \o-fap≈

Ip¿Øbpw apI-fn¬ Fgp-∂p-\n¬°p-∂ Xe-∏mhpw

A©mw- J-eo-^-bpsS Bflo-b-bmXA©mw- J-eo-^-bpsS Bflo-b-bmXA©mw- J-eo-^-bpsS Bflo-b-bmXA©mw- J-eo-^-bpsS Bflo-b-bmXA©mw- J-eo-^-bpsS Bflo-b-bmXJeo-^-Øp¬ akolv an¿km akvdq¿ AlvaZn (A-ø-Z-lp...)s‚ tIc-fJeo-^-Øp¬ akolv an¿km akvdq¿ AlvaZn (A-ø-Z-lp...)s‚ tIc-fJeo-^-Øp¬ akolv an¿km akvdq¿ AlvaZn (A-ø-Z-lp...)s‚ tIc-fJeo-^-Øp¬ akolv an¿km akvdq¿ AlvaZn (A-ø-Z-lp...)s‚ tIc-fJeo-^-Øp¬ akolv an¿km akvdq¿ AlvaZn (A-ø-Z-lp...)s‚ tIc-f

k-µ¿i\w Ign™v 2008 Unkw-_¿ 17\v k-µ¿i\w Ign™v 2008 Unkw-_¿ 17\v k-µ¿i\w Ign™v 2008 Unkw-_¿ 17\v k-µ¿i\w Ign™v 2008 Unkw-_¿ 17\v k-µ¿i\w Ign™v 2008 Unkw-_¿ 17\v INDIAN EXPRESSINDIAN EXPRESSINDIAN EXPRESSINDIAN EXPRESSINDIAN EXPRESS¬ h∂ A`n-ap-Jw¬ h∂ A`n-ap-Jw¬ h∂ A`n-ap-Jw¬ h∂ A`n-ap-Jw¬ h∂ A`n-ap-Jw

[cn®v XmPv ae-_m¿ tlm -ense (F-d-Wm-Ip-fw) Xma-

k-ap-dn-bn¬ Ccn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p. At±-lw BK-X-

cm-hp-∂-Xn\v apºmbn c≠v tkh-I-∑m¿ h∂v At±-

l-Øns‚ Ccn-∏nSw c≠v Iyma-d-Iƒ°`nap-J-ambn

icn-bmb BwKn-fn¬ sh°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. am[y-a-

ßƒ°v sImSp-°p∂ A`n-ap -J-ßƒ t]mepw

dn°m¿Uv sNbvXv ]n∂oSv Bh-iy-ap≈ `mK-ßƒ

apkvenw sSen-hn-j-≥ AlvaZn-ø-mbnepw (Fw.-Sn.-F.)

kwt]jWw sNø-s∏-Sp-∂p. Fw.-Sn.-F. Ign™ ]Xn-

\mdv h¿j-ambn bmsXmcp hmWnPy Xmev]-cy-ßfpw

]c-ky-ß-fp-an-√msX \S-∂p-hcp∂ Hcp Sn.-hn. Nm\-

em-Wv.

F√m-h¿jhpw Bbn-c-°-W-°n\v AlvaZn-Iƒ

Cu a\p-jy-\p-ambn A`n-ap-J-Z¿i-\-Øn\v e≠-\n-

se-Øp-∂p. "F√m aX-ßfpw Hcp ]hm-N-I≥ hcp-

sa∂v ]h-Nn-®n-´p-≠v.' akvdq¿ AlvaZv ]d™p.

"]h-Nn-°-s∏´ B ]hm-N-I≥ hmKvZØ akolv

an¿km Kpemw AlvaZv BsW∂v Rßƒ hniz-kn-

°p-∂p.'

1950¬ ]mIn-kvXm-\n¬ P\n® an¿km akvdq¿

AlvaZv Hmtcm h¿jhpw apS-ßmsX AlvaZnøm

apkvenw Pam-A-Øp-I-fn¬ BtKmf ]cy-S\w \SØp-

∂p. e≠-\nse k¬ tamkvIn¬ ]m¿∞-\-Iƒ°v

t\XrXzw \¬Ip-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. BtKmfhym]-I-

ambn kwi-b-ß-fp-tSbpw Ckveman-s\-Xn-sc-bp≈

iXp-X-bp-tSbpw Hcp Ime-L- -Øn-emWv Alv aZnøm

Pam-A-Øns\ \bn-t°≠ \ntbmKw X∂n¬ A¿∏n-

X-am-b-sX∂v At±lw ]d™p. "PnlmZv' F∂ ]Z-

Øn\v Ct∏mƒ \¬In-bn-cn-°p∂ A¿ ∞sØ

tPmjzm \yq´¨tPmjzm \yq´¨tPmjzm \yq´¨tPmjzm \yq´¨tPmjzm \yq´¨

27


Jfin-®p-sIm≠v AlvaZn-Iƒ AXns\ ]p\¿hym-

Jym-\n-°p-I-bm-Wv. "ssZh-Øns‚ Aò-jvS-Øn\mbn

Bflm-hnse If-¶-ßƒs°Xn-sc-bp≈ t]mcm´w'

F∂mWv B ]p\¿hym-Jym-\-sa∂v At± lw ]d-

™p. F√m AI-a-ßtfbpw Ign-bp-∂X i‡-ambn

AlvaZn-Iƒ A]-e-]n-°p-∂p. AlvaZn-Iƒ, Pohn-

°p∂ cmPy-tØmSp Atßb‰w Iqdv ]pe¿Øp-

Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Xo-h-hm-Z-]-c-amb ]cn-lmcw \n¿t±-

in-°p-∂-h¿ \bn-°p∂ Ckvemans\ temI-Øn\v a\-

n-em-°m≥ ]bm-k-am-Wv. kam-[m-\-hm-Zn-IfpsS

CØcw i_vZ-ßƒ thK-Øn¬ Bizmkw ]Zm\w

sNøp-∂p. Cu A¿∞-Øn¬ AlvaZn-Iƒ temI-sØ-

√m-bn-SØpw kzmKXw sNø-s∏-Sp-∂p. Ckvem-an-te°v

im¥-ambn ]th-in-°m-\p≈ Hcp Ihm-S-amWv

AlvaZn-øØv. Ahn-sS-\n∂pw Ckvemans‚ bYm¿∞

Bibw \ap°v a\- n-em-°m≥ km[n-°pw.

m F¥p -sIm -≠mWv Kpemw AlvaZ vF¥p -sIm -≠mWv Kpemw AlvaZ vF¥p -sIm -≠mWv Kpemw AlvaZ vF¥p -sIm -≠mWv Kpemw AlvaZ vF¥p -sIm -≠mWv Kpemw AlvaZ v

AlvaZnøm ]ÿm\w Bcw-`n-®Xv?AlvaZnøm ]ÿm\w Bcw-`n-®Xv?AlvaZnøm ]ÿm\w Bcw-`n-®Xv?AlvaZnøm ]ÿm\w Bcw-`n-®Xv?AlvaZnøm ]ÿm\w Bcw-`n-®Xv?

= Ckvemans‚ hnip≤ ]hm-N-Is‚ Hcp ]h-

N-\-Øns‚ km£m-XvIm-c-amWv AlvaZnøm ]ÿm-

\w. ]h-N\w ]d-bp-∂Xv Ah-km-\-Im-eØv apl-

ΩZv \_n(-k)-bpsS Hcp bYm¿∞ A\p-bmbn

temIØv ]Xy-£-s∏Spw F∂m-Wv. At±-l-am-bn-

cn°pw alvZnbpw, akolpw, Ime-Øns‚ ]cn-jv

I¿Ømhpw. Ckvemans‚ bYm¿∞ ssNX\yw

ssIs°m-≈m≥ At±lw apkvenwI-tfmSv A`y¿

∞n®p. B hmKvZm\w sNø-s∏´ ]cn-jv°¿Ømhv

an¿km Kpemw AlvaZm-sW∂v Rßƒ hniz-kn-

°p∂p.

m F¥p-sIm-≠mWv \nßƒ At±-lsØF¥p-sIm-≠mWv \nßƒ At±-lsØF¥p-sIm-≠mWv \nßƒ At±-lsØF¥p-sIm-≠mWv \nßƒ At±-lsØF¥p-sIm-≠mWv \nßƒ At±-lsØ

F√m aX-ßƒ°p-ap≈ ]hm-N-I-\mbn AwKo-I-F√m aX-ßƒ°p-ap≈ ]hm-N-I-\mbn AwKo-I-F√m aX-ßƒ°p-ap≈ ]hm-N-I-\mbn AwKo-I-F√m aX-ßƒ°p-ap≈ ]hm-N-I-\mbn AwKo-I-F√m aX-ßƒ°p-ap≈ ]hm-N-I-\mbn AwKo-I-

cn-°p-∂Xv?cn-°p-∂Xv?cn-°p-∂Xv?cn-°p-∂Xv?cn-°p-∂Xv?

= hnip≤ Jp¿-B-\n¬ AXn\v apºv h∂n-´p≈

F√m ]hm-N-I-∑m-cp-tSbpw A≤ym-]-\-ßƒ kam-l-

cn-°-s∏-ń-´p-≠v. Ckvemw amX-amWv AXns‚ A\p-

bm-bn-I-tfmSv F√m tZiob P\-hn- m-K-ß-fnepw h∂

]hm-N-I∑mcn¬ hnizkn°m≥ ]d-bp-∂-Xv. Ah-km-

\-Imew GsX-¶nepw Hcp akolv hcn-I-bm-sW-¶-n¬

AXv Ckveman¬ \n∂m-bn-cn-°-Ww. AXp-sIm≠v

Kpemw AlvaZv F√m-h¿°p-ap≈ ako-lm-Wv.

m Lm\, amen, sFh-dn-tIm-Ãv, apX-embLm\, amen, sFh-dn-tIm-Ãv, apX-embLm\, amen, sFh-dn-tIm-Ãv, apX-embLm\, amen, sFh-dn-tIm-Ãv, apX-embLm\, amen, sFh-dn-tIm-Ãv, apX-emb

cmPy-ß-fnse cmPy-ß-fnse cmPy-ß-fnse cmPy-ß-fnse cmPy-ß-fnse AlvaZn-ø-Øns‚ ]ptcm-KXn hnh-AlvaZn-ø-Øns‚ ]ptcm-KXn hnh-AlvaZn-ø-Øns‚ ]ptcm-KXn hnh-AlvaZn-ø-Øns‚ ]ptcm-KXn hnh-AlvaZn-ø-Øns‚ ]ptcm-KXn hnh-

cn-°mtam?cn-°mtam?cn-°mtam?cn-°mtam?cn-°mtam?

= AlvaZn-ø-Øn\v Cu cmPy-ß-fn¬ ]ptcm-K-Xn-

bp-≠m-hm≥ ImcWw \mw aq∂mw temIw F∂v hnfn-

°-p∂ Cu cmPy-ßfnse P\-ßƒ uXn-Im¿Øn Ipd-

™-h-cpw IqSp-X¬ aXm-`n-aq-Jy-ap-≈-h-cp-am-bXv

sIm≠mWv F∂-Xm-Wv. Ah¿ Xß-fpsS kjvSm-

hns\ Xncn-®-dn-bp-Ibpw Ah-\p-ambn _‘w ]pe¿

Øm≥ BK-ln-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. F√m B^n-

°≥ cmPy-ß-fnepw CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ ]Xn-I-c-W-an-

√. ]t£, Ahn-S-ß-fn-se√mw Rßƒ hf-cp-I-bm-Wv.

m \nß-fpsS hf¿®-bn¬ Ah¿°v ]cn-`-a-\nß-fpsS hf¿®-bn¬ Ah¿°v ]cn-`-a-\nß-fpsS hf¿®-bn¬ Ah¿°v ]cn-`-a-\nß-fpsS hf¿®-bn¬ Ah¿°v ]cn-`-a-\nß-fpsS hf¿®-bn¬ Ah¿°v ]cn-`-a-

apt≠m?apt≠m?apt≠m?apt≠m?apt≠m?

= AsX, Hcp kaq-lsa∂ \ne°v Rßƒ hf-

cp-I-bmWv. CXn¬ Ah¿°v ]cn-`-a-ap-≠v. F√m-h-

cp-sSbpw \∑-°mbn Rßƒ Ah-cpsS "PnlmZv'

F∂ k¶-ev]sØ Ańadn°p-I-bm-Wv.

m \nßƒ tbip, IrjvW≥, cma≥ C-\nßƒ tbip, IrjvW≥, cma≥ C-\nßƒ tbip, IrjvW≥, cma≥ C-\nßƒ tbip, IrjvW≥, cma≥ C-\nßƒ tbip, IrjvW≥, cma≥ C-

hsc ]hm-N-I-∑m-cmbn Icp-Xp-∂p-t≠m? ]e-hsc ]hm-N-I-∑m-cmbn Icp-Xp-∂p-t≠m? ]e-hsc ]hm-N-I-∑m-cmbn Icp-Xp-∂p-t≠m? ]e-hsc ]hm-N-I-∑m-cmbn Icp-Xp-∂p-t≠m? ]e-hsc ]hm-N-I-∑m-cmbn Icp-Xp-∂p-t≠m? ]e-

X-e-ß-fnepw ]c-kv]c sshcp-≤y-ßƒ \nd™X-e-ß-fnepw ]c-kv]c sshcp-≤y-ßƒ \nd™X-e-ß-fnepw ]c-kv]c sshcp-≤y-ßƒ \nd™X-e-ß-fnepw ]c-kv]c sshcp-≤y-ßƒ \nd™X-e-ß-fnepw ]c-kv]c sshcp-≤y-ßƒ \nd™

Ch-cpsS A≤ym -] -\ -ßsf Fßs\-bmWvCh-cpsS A≤ym -] -\ -ßsf Fßs\-bmWvCh-cpsS A≤ym -] -\ -ßsf Fßs\-bmWvCh-cpsS A≤ym -] -\ -ßsf Fßs\-bmWvCh-cpsS A≤ym -] -\ -ßsf Fßs\-bmWv

\nßƒ H∂m-bn-°m-Wp-∂Xv?\nßƒ H∂m-bn-°m-Wp-∂Xv?\nßƒ H∂m-bn-°m-Wp-∂Xv?\nßƒ H∂m-bn-°m-Wp-∂Xv?\nßƒ H∂m-bn-°m-Wp-∂Xv?

= aXm-≤ym-]-\-ß-fpsS AI-°m-ºn-te°v

\nßƒ ]th-in-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ Ah-sb√mw

Hscm‰ A≤ym-]-\-ß-fm-sW∂v ImWmw. AXm-bXv

ssZh-hp-ambn \nßƒ IqSp-X¬ ASp-°p-I, \nß-

fpsS kl-N-c-∑m-tcm-Sp≈ bYm¿∞ IS-a-Iƒ \n¿∆-

ln-°pI F∂m-Wv Cu A≤ym-]-\-ßfp-sSsb√mw

kmcw. hnip≤ Jp¿-B-\n¬ CsX√mw D≈-S-ßn-bn-

´p-≠v. CsX√mw Xs∂ kXy-amb A≤ym-]-\-ß-fm-

sW∂v Xncn-®-dn-bp∂ Bfp-Iƒ Rßsf kzoI-cn-

°p-∂p.

m F∂n´pw AlvaZn-Isf F-¥p-sIm≠vF∂n´pw AlvaZn-Isf F-¥p-sIm≠vF∂n´pw AlvaZn-Isf F-¥p-sIm≠vF∂n´pw AlvaZn-Isf F-¥p-sIm≠vF∂n´pw AlvaZn-Isf F-¥p-sIm≠v

]mIn-kvXm≥ AapkvenwI-fmbn IW-°m-°p-]mIn-kvXm≥ AapkvenwI-fmbn IW-°m-°p-]mIn-kvXm≥ AapkvenwI-fmbn IW-°m-°p-]mIn-kvXm≥ AapkvenwI-fmbn IW-°m-°p-]mIn-kvXm≥ AapkvenwI-fmbn IW-°m-°p-

∂p.?∂p.?∂p.?∂p.?∂p.?

= \nb-a-]-c-ambn Rßƒ ]mIn-kvXm-\n¬ Aapkv

enwI-fmbn ]Jym-]n-°-s∏- n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. GsXmcp

cmPy-tØbpw \nb-a-ßƒ A\p-k-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬

Rßƒ°v bmsXmcp ]bm-k-hp-an-√. Rß-fpsS

hy‡n-]-c-amb aXm-\p-jvTm-\-ßƒs°-Xn¿ \n¬°p-

I-bm-sW-¶n¬ amXta Rßƒ°Xv ]bm-k-I-c-am-

hp-I-bp-≈q. Rßƒ hniz-kn-°p-∂Xv GsXmcp

28


cmPysØ \nb-ahpw Rß-fpsS hnizm-k-Øn\v

FXn¿ \n¬°p-∂n√ F-∂m-Wv.

m Cßs\ Hcp ]oUn-Xm-h-ÿ-bn¬ Fß-Cßs\ Hcp ]oUn-Xm-h-ÿ-bn¬ Fß-Cßs\ Hcp ]oUn-Xm-h-ÿ-bn¬ Fß-Cßs\ Hcp ]oUn-Xm-h-ÿ-bn¬ Fß-Cßs\ Hcp ]oUn-Xm-h-ÿ-bn¬ Fß-

s\ -bmWv \nßfpsS A\p -bm -b n -Iƒ°vs\ -bmWv \nßfpsS A\p -bm -b n -Iƒ°vs\ -bmWv \nßfpsS A\p -bm -b n -Iƒ°vs\ -bmWv \nßfpsS A\p -bm -b n -Iƒ°vs\ -bmWv \nßfpsS A\p -bm -b n -Iƒ°v

apkvenwI-fm-bn-s°m≠v PohnXw \bn-°m≥ Ign-apkvenwI-fm-bn-s°m≠v PohnXw \bn-°m≥ Ign-apkvenwI-fm-bn-s°m≠v PohnXw \bn-°m≥ Ign-apkvenwI-fm-bn-s°m≠v PohnXw \bn-°m≥ Ign-apkvenwI-fm-bn-s°m≠v PohnXw \bn-°m≥ Ign-

bpI?bpI?bpI?bpI?bpI?

= ]mIn-kvXm-\nse \nbaw Rßƒs°-Xn-cm-Wv.

Rßƒ ]oUn-X-cp-am-Wv. ]t£, AhnsS \nbaw

I¿i-\-ambn \S∏nem-°-s∏Sp-∂n-√. AXv, \S-∏m-°p∂

DtZym-K-ÿ-∑msc Bi-bn-®m-Wn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Ah¿

Cu \nb-a-ßƒ \S-∏m-°p-∂-Xn¬ DZm-ko-\-cm-sW-¶n¬

Rßƒ°v ]iv\-ß-sfm-∂p-ap-≠m-Im-dn-√. ap≥Im-e-

ß-fp-ambn Xmc-X-ay-s∏-Sp-Øp-tºmƒ ]oUm-\p-`-h-

ßƒ Ipd-hm-Wv. Nne ]tXyI aX-]-fin-X-∑m-cmWv

Rßsf FXn¿°p-∂-Xv. Ah¿ \nb-a-ßƒ I¿i-\-

am-°-W-sa∂pw Rßsf ]oUn-∏n-°-W-sa∂pw iTn-

°p-∂p. Xo¿®-bmbpw Rßƒs°-Xn-sc-bp≈ ojWn

]mIn-kvXm-\n¬ hfsc kPo-h-amWv.

Ata-cn-°-bn¬ CXv 4,000-amWv. P∏m-\n-em-Is´

5,000hpw. apgp-h≥ Ad_v temIØpw BsI 35,000

imkvX-PvR-∑m¿ amX-am-Wp-≈-Xv. Hcp Zi-e£w

apkvenwIƒ°v 50 sSIv\o-jy-∑mcmWp-≈-Xv. CXv

InkvXob¿°v 10,000-amWv. apkvenw temIw imkvX-

K-th-j-W-ßƒ°mbn Ah-cpsS tZiob hcp-am-\-

Øns‚ .02 iX-am\w amXw hn\n-tbm-Kn-°p-tºmƒ

InkvXob cmPy-ßƒ 5 iX-am-\-amWv hn\n-tbm-Kn-

°p-∂-Xv. apkvenw temI-Øns‚ Dev]m-Z\ £aX

Xosc Ipd-™n-cn-°m≥ Imc-W-an-Xm-Wv.

]c-a-]-[m\w Kth-jWw]c-a-]-[m\w Kth-jWw]c-a-]-[m\w Kth-jWw]c-a-]-[m\w Kth-jWw]c-a-]-[m\w Kth-jWw

A√m-lp-hns‚ Jp¿-B-\nse ]c-a-]-[m-\-amb

Iev]-\I-fn-sem∂v hn⁄m\w t\Sm\pw imkvX-

Nn¥ ]N-cn-∏n-°m-\p-am-Wv. uXnI hn-⁄m\w Ic-

ÿ-am-°m≥ amX-a√, Bflo-b-⁄m\w t\Sm-\p-

ap≈ Ign-hp-am-bmWv A√mlp a\p-jys\ krjvSn-

®n- p-≈-Xv. Nn¥-bn-eqsS Dƒ°mgvN t\Sn-sb-Sp-°pI

F∂Xv Jp¿-B≥ G‰hpw Kuc-h-]q¿∆pw a\p-jys\

DW¿Ønb Hcp ktµ-i-am-Wv. Hcp a\p-jys‚ \nc-

¥-c-]m¿∞\ "ssZhta, \o F\n°v ⁄m\w h¿≤n-

∏n®p Xtc-Wta' (20:14) F∂m-bn-cn-°-W-sa-∂mWv

Jp¿-Bs‚ Iev]-\. C¥y-bn¬ G‰hpw henb \yq\-

]-£hpw apkvenwI-fm-Wv. C¥y-bmWv temI-Ønse

G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ apkvenw P\-kw-Jy-bp≈ c≠m

asØ cmPyw. temI apkvenwI-fpsS Hcp ]cn-t—-Z-

amWv C¥y-bnse apkvenwIƒ. temI-apkvenwI-fpsS

]nt∂m-°m-hÿ Xs∂-bmWv C¥y≥ apkvenwI-

fnepw ]Xn- -en-°p-∂-Xv. apkvenwI-fpsS Cu ]nt∂m-

°m-h-ÿ-°p≈ apJy-Im-c-W-ß-fn-sem∂v Ah-cpsS

hnZym- ym-k-]-c-amb ]nt∂m-°m-h-ÿ-bm-Wv. C°m cyw

tZiob \yq\-]£-°-Ωo-j≥ AwKo-I-cn® bmYm¿

∞y-am-Wv. apkvenwI-fpsS AXy¥w timN-\obamb

Cu Ahÿ `c-W-L-S\ hmKvZm\w sNbvX Ah-

Im-i-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw apkvenwIsf XS-bp-Ibpw ASn-

®-a¿Øp-Ibpw sNbvXn- p-≠v. k®m¿ IΩo-js‚ \nco-

£-Whpw it≤-b-am-Wv.

kzmX-¥ym-\-¥cw apkvenw-Iƒ, `qcn-]£ aX-

k-ap-Zm-b-Øn-\m¬ D]-tcm-[n-°-s∏´ Ahÿ F∂

at\m-`m-h-amWv D≠m-bn-´p-≈-Xv. apkvenwIƒ°v

\evI-s∏´ hmKvZm-\-ß-sfm∂pw ]men-°m-Xn-cn-°pI

F∂ hogvN°v F√m cmjvSob ]m¿´n-Ifpw Ip‰-°m-

cm-Wv. F∂m¬ Ckvemw aXw kpJ-\n-Z-sIm-≈m-\p≈

CS-a-s√∂pw a’-cm-[n-jvTnX kaq-l-Øn¬ I®-ap-

dp°n Ign-hp-Iƒ sXfn-bn-°m≥ t]mcm-tS-≠-h-cm-

sW∂pamWv Ckveman-Im-≤ym-]-\-ßƒ F∂v apkvenw

Iƒ Xncn-®-dn-tb-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. \£-X-ß-fn-te°v

IpXn-°m≥ Hcp i‡n°pw Ahsc XS-bm-\m-hn-√.

\ΩpsS ap∂nse amXrI F.-]n.-sP. A_vZpƒ

Iemapw Ata-cn-°-bnse _dm°v lpssk≥ H_m-a

bpambn-cn-°-Ww.

(25-˛¬ \n∂v XpS¿®)(25-˛¬ \n∂v XpS¿®)(25-˛¬ \n∂v XpS¿®)(25-˛¬ \n∂v XpS¿®)(25-˛¬ \n∂v XpS¿®)

hnhmlhpwhnhmlhpwhnhmlhpwhnhmlhpwhnhmlhpwKm\m-em-]-\hpwKm\m-em-]-\hpwKm\m-em-]-\hpwKm\m-em-]-\hpwKm\m-em-]-\hpw

lZvdØv Bbn-i(-d) \nth-Z\w sNøp∂p:

Ah¿ Hcp h[p-hns\ AWn-bn-s®m-cp°n Hcp

A≥km-cn-bpsS ho´n-te-°-b-®p. At∏mƒ

\_n(-k) tNmZn®p: ""Bbn-im, hnhm-lm-h-k-

c-Øn¬ ]m´p-]m-Sp-∂-Xn-\p≈ kwhn-[m\w \o

F¥p-sIm≠v Hcp-°n-bn-√. A≥km-dp-Iƒ

hnhm-lm-h-k-c-Øn¬ ]m- p-]m-Sp-∂Xv CjvS-s∏-

Sp-∂-h-cm-Wv. (_p-Jm-cn)

29


aA F∂ ]tbmKw Ad-_n-bn¬

\mev hn[-Øn-em-Wp-≈-Xv.

AXm-bXv ì aAí F∂ ]Zw

Hcp-an-®p-Iq-SpI F∂ \ne°v \mev

hn[-Øn¬ ]tbm-Kn-°p-∂p.

1. aAvbsØ a°m-\n˛ Hcp ÿe-

Øv Hcpan®p IqSp-I.

2. aAvbsØ kam-\n˛ Hcp-Im-e-

L-´-Øn¬ Hcp-an®p IqSp-I.

3. ]c-kv]c _‘n-X-ambn Hcp-an-

®p-Iq-Sp-I. AXm-bXv, ktlm-Z-

c≥am¿, ]nXmhpw aI-\pw.

4. ÿm\-Ønepw ]Z-hn-bnepw Hcp-

an-®p-Iq-Sp-I.

CXn¬ BZyw ]d™ aq∂pw

km[yta A√. \mem-aXv ]d™

]Z-hn-bnepw ÿm\-Ønep-ap≈

IqSn-t®-c¬ amXta km[y-am-hq.

Jp¿-B-\n¬ ]e ÿeß

fnepw Cu A¿∞Øn¬ Cu ]Zw

]tbm-Kn-®n-´p-≠v. DZm: hX-h-

^v^\m aA¬ A_vdm¿(-R-

ßsf kpIr-X-hm∑mtcm-sSm∏w

acn-∏n-t°-W-ta, AXm-bXv Rß-

tfbpw kpIr-X-hm∑m-cn¬ Dƒs∏-

SpØn acn-∏n-t°-tWta˛ (3: 194)

ap\m- n-J-Øn¬ \n∂v Xu_

sNøp-∂-h-sc-°p-dn®v ]d-bp∂p:

Dem-C° aA¬ apAvan\o≥(4;

147)

Ah¿ apAvao\n-I-tfm-sSm-∏-

am-Wv. AXm-bXv apAvan\o-I-fn¬

s] -h-cm-Wv

\_n(-k) bpsS A\p-[m-h-\-

Ønepw A\p-k-c-W-Ønepw e`y-

am-Ip∂ D∂-X-amb ]Z-hn-Iƒ e`n-

°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ ZpxBbmbmWv

kqd ^mXn-l-bn¬

ì ClvZn\ zndm-Øz¬ apkv

XJnw kzndm-Øp-√-Zo\ A≥-AwX

Aebvlnw (-R-ßsf \o t\cmb

am¿§-Øn¬ \S-tØ-W-ta, \o

A\p-K-ln-®-h-cpsS am¿§-Øn¬)

F∂v \tΩmSv sNm√m≥ I¬]n-

®n- p-≈-Xv.

lZvdØv AlvaZv (A) ]d-bp-

∂p:

ì Rm≥ \_n Xncp-ta-\n-(k)bpsS

DΩ-Ønbpw A\p-km-cnbpw A√m-

bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬, temI-Øp≈

k¿h ]¿h-X-ßƒ°pw kam-\-am-

bX ]pWy-I¿Ω-ßƒ Rm≥

sNbvXn-´p-s≠-∂m-epw, A√m-lp-

hn¬ \n∂≈ a[p-c- m-j-W-Øm¬

Rm≥ A\p-K-ln-°-s∏-Sp-am-bn-cp-

∂n-√. Fs¥-∂m¬ apl-Ω-Zn-øm-

\p-_p-∆-Ø-√m-sX, as‰√m _p∆-

Øp-Ifpw \n¿Ø-em-°n-bn-cn-°p-I-

bm-Wv. ico-A-tØmSp IqSn Hcp

]hm-N-I\pw C\n hcn-I-bn-√.

icoAØn-√mØ \_n hcm-hp-∂-

Xm-Wv. ]t£, B \_n H∂m-a-

Xmbn Xncp-\-_n-bpsS DΩØn

Bbn-cn-°-Ww.

F√m Nn¥-Iƒ°pw IW-°p-

Iq-´-ep-Iƒ°pw A∏p-d-ØmWv

AlvaZn(-k) s‚ alXzw. t\m°q

At±-l-Øns‚ Zmk≥ Ime-

Øns‚ ako -lm -Wv .(Zp¿sd

kao≥)

\_n(-k)¬ \n∂v ]n¥p-S¿®m-

h-Im-i-sa∂ \ne°pw A\p-k-

cWw sIm≠pw \p_p-∆Øv e`y-

JØ-ap-∂p-_p-∆Øv :JØ-ap-∂p-_p-∆Øv :JØ-ap-∂p-_p-∆Øv :JØ-ap-∂p-_p-∆Øv :JØ-ap-∂p-_p-∆Øv :hymI-c-Whpw `mjy-ßfpw hymI-c-Whpw `mjy-ßfpw hymI-c-Whpw `mjy-ßfpw hymI-c-Whpw `mjy-ßfpw hymI-c-Whpw `mjy-ßfpw (Xp-S¿®)(Xp-S¿®)(Xp-S¿®)(Xp-S¿®)(Xp-S¿®)

F®v. iwkp-±o≥ Imh-t»cnF®v. iwkp-±o≥ Imh-t»cnF®v. iwkp-±o≥ Imh-t»cnF®v. iwkp-±o≥ Imh-t»cnF®v. iwkp-±o≥ Imh-t»cn

B≥U-am≥ \nt°m-_m¿B≥U-am≥ \nt°m-_m¿B≥U-am≥ \nt°m-_m¿B≥U-am≥ \nt°m-_m¿B≥U-am≥ \nt°m-_m¿

JØ-ap-∂p-JØ-ap-∂p-JØ-ap-∂p-JØ-ap-∂p-JØ-ap-∂p--_p-∆-Øn\v sshbm-I-c-W-∑mcpw `mjy-Im-c-∑mcpw \¬Inb-_p-∆-Øn\v sshbm-I-c-W-∑mcpw `mjy-Im-c-∑mcpw \¬Inb-_p-∆-Øn\v sshbm-I-c-W-∑mcpw `mjy-Im-c-∑mcpw \¬Inb-_p-∆-Øn\v sshbm-I-c-W-∑mcpw `mjy-Im-c-∑mcpw \¬Inb-_p-∆-Øn\v sshbm-I-c-W-∑mcpw `mjy-Im-c-∑mcpw \¬Inb

A¿∞sØ ]‰n-bp≈ hni-Zo-I-cWwA¿∞sØ ]‰n-bp≈ hni-Zo-I-cWwA¿∞sØ ]‰n-bp≈ hni-Zo-I-cWwA¿∞sØ ]‰n-bp≈ hni-Zo-I-cWwA¿∞sØ ]‰n-bp≈ hni-Zo-I-cWw"JmØw' F∂ hnti-jW ]Z-Øn\v Hcp Xc-Øn-ep≈ shfn-]m-Sp-Ifpw"JmØw' F∂ hnti-jW ]Z-Øn\v Hcp Xc-Øn-ep≈ shfn-]m-Sp-Ifpw"JmØw' F∂ hnti-jW ]Z-Øn\v Hcp Xc-Øn-ep≈ shfn-]m-Sp-Ifpw"JmØw' F∂ hnti-jW ]Z-Øn\v Hcp Xc-Øn-ep≈ shfn-]m-Sp-Ifpw"JmØw' F∂ hnti-jW ]Z-Øn\v Hcp Xc-Øn-ep≈ shfn-]m-Sp-Ifpw

C\n D≠m-hn√ F∂v A¿∞w Iev]n-°p-∂Xv XnI®pw sX‰m-Wv.C\n D≠m-hn√ F∂v A¿∞w Iev]n-°p-∂Xv XnI®pw sX‰m-Wv.C\n D≠m-hn√ F∂v A¿∞w Iev]n-°p-∂Xv XnI®pw sX‰m-Wv.C\n D≠m-hn√ F∂v A¿∞w Iev]n-°p-∂Xv XnI®pw sX‰m-Wv.C\n D≠m-hn√ F∂v A¿∞w Iev]n-°p-∂Xv XnI®pw sX‰m-Wv.

30


am-Ip-sa∂v IpØp-_p¬ InØm

_v lZvdØv Camw d∫m\n apP-

±nZv A¬^-km-\n, tiJv AlvaZv

^mdqJn kn¿ln-µn(-d-lv) (h^m

Øv 1034 lnPvcn) ]d-bp-∂p.

JØ-ap¿dpkp¬ lZvdØv

apl-ΩZv apkvX^m (k)bpsS

BK-a-\-Øn\v tijw, Xncp-\-_n-

bpsS A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ°v Ahn-

SpsØ A\p-k-c-W-hpw, ]n¥p-

S¿®m-h-Im-i-hpw(-hn-dm-k-Øv)

Imc-W-ambn Iam-emsØ \p_v-∆-

Øv( -\p -_p-∆-Øm-Ip∂ D∂X

ÿm\w) e`y-am-hp-∂-Xv, Xncp-ta-

\n(-k) bpsS JmØ-an-ø-Øn\v

FXn-c-√. AXn-\m¬ \o kwi-b-

K-kvX-\m-Im-Xn-cn-°p-I.

(aIvXp-_mØv \º¿ 301,

t]Pv 432 `mKw H∂v)

lZvdØv Alva-Zv(-A) ]d-

bp∂p:

ì lZvdØv apl-ΩZv apkvX- (-k)

Xncp-ta-\n°v ta¬ \ns‚ A\-¥-

amb kemapw d“Øpw h¿jn-t°-

W-ta, \mYm, B ]pWy\_n-bn¬

\n∂mWv \mw Cu ]Imiw t\Sn-

b-Xv.(Zp¿sd kao≥)

]hm-N-I≥am-cpsS apZ]hm-N-I≥am-cpsS apZ]hm-N-I≥am-cpsS apZ]hm-N-I≥am-cpsS apZ]hm-N-I≥am-cpsS apZ

ì JmØap∂-_n -øos‚

as‰mc¿∞w ]hm-N-I≥am-cpsS

apZ F∂m-Wv. hmkvX-h-Øn¬

CXp Xs∂-bmWv ]Zm-\p-]Z X¿P-

a-bpw. Cu A¿∞hpw ]hm-N-I-

Xzw ]msS C√m-Xm°n F∂

A¿∞w \¬Ip-∂-tX-bn-√. ap≥

Ime ssZh kn≤-cmb ]fin-

X≥am¿ C°m-cyw \√ t]mse a\-

n-em-°n-b-h-cm-bn-cp-∂p.

apP-±nZv lZvdØv imlv hen-apP-±nZv lZvdØv imlv hen-apP-±nZv lZvdØv imlv hen-apP-±nZv lZvdØv imlv hen-apP-±nZv lZvdØv imlv hen-

bp-√mlv apl±kv Zlvehn(-d-lv)bp-√mlv apl±kv Zlvehn(-d-lv)bp-√mlv apl±kv Zlvehn(-d-lv)bp-√mlv apl±kv Zlvehn(-d-lv)bp-√mlv apl±kv Zlvehn(-d-lv)

acWw (1172) Fgp-Xp-∂p:acWw (1172) Fgp-Xp-∂p:acWw (1172) Fgp-Xp-∂p:acWw (1172) Fgp-Xp-∂p:acWw (1172) Fgp-Xp-∂p:

""\_n(-k) aptJ\ ]hm-N-

I≥am¿ apZ sh°-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂p.

AXm-bXv A√mlp P\-ß-fn¬

\ymb ]am -W-tØmSp IqSn

\ntbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p∂ Hcmfpw C\n

D≠m-Ip-∂-X-√.'' (X^vloamsØ

Cem-lnø t]Pv 53)

tiJv A_vZp¬ JmZn¿tiJv A_vZp¬ JmZn¿tiJv A_vZp¬ JmZn¿tiJv A_vZp¬ JmZn¿tiJv A_vZp¬ JmZn¿

Jp¿Zn-ÿm-\n(-d-lv) ]d-bp-∂p:Jp¿Zn-ÿm-\n(-d-lv) ]d-bp-∂p:Jp¿Zn-ÿm-\n(-d-lv) ]d-bp-∂p:Jp¿Zn-ÿm-\n(-d-lv) ]d-bp-∂p:Jp¿Zn-ÿm-\n(-d-lv) ]d-bp-∂p:

""\_n(-k) JmØ ap∂-_n-

øo≥ BsW-∂-Xns‚ Xmev]cyw

Xncp -ta-\n°v tijw ]pXnb

\ymb ]am-W-tØm-Sp-Iq-Snb Hcp

]hm-N-I\pw Fgp-t∂¬∏n-°-s∏-

Sp-∂-X√ F∂m-Ip-∂p.''

auem\m apl-ΩZv Jmknwauem\m apl-ΩZv Jmknwauem\m apl-ΩZv Jmknwauem\m apl-ΩZv Jmknwauem\m apl-ΩZv Jmknw

\m\qXvhn(-d-lv) ]d-bp-∂p:\m\qXvhn(-d-lv) ]d-bp-∂p:\m\qXvhn(-d-lv) ]d-bp-∂p:\m\qXvhn(-d-lv) ]d-bp-∂p:\m\qXvhn(-d-lv) ]d-bp-∂p:

""\_n(-k)bpsS Ime-tijw

Hcp ]hm-N-I≥ D≠m-Ip-∂-Xm-

bm¬ Xs∂ Xncp -ta -\n( -k)

JmØw BsW-∂-Xn\v bmsXmcp

tIm´hpw hcp-∂-X-√.

lZvdØv Camw ap√m Aen-lZvdØv Camw ap√m Aen-lZvdØv Camw ap√m Aen-lZvdØv Camw ap√m Aen-lZvdØv Camw ap√m Aen-

bp¬ Jmcn(-d-lv) :bp¬ Jmcn(-d-lv) :bp¬ Jmcn(-d-lv) :bp¬ Jmcn(-d-lv) :bp¬ Jmcn(-d-lv) :

lZvdØv Da(-d)dpw lZvdØv

C_v-dm-lnapw(-d) \_n-bm-bm¬

AXv JmØap-∂-_oøo≥í F∂

]kvXm-h-\bv°v hncp-≤-a-s√∂v

]d-™p-sIm≠v Fgp-Xp-∂p: Im

cWw, JmØap∂-_n-øo≥ F∂-

Xns‚ A¿∞w \_n( -k)°v

tijw, Xncp-\-_n-bpsS Zo\ns\

Zp¿_-e-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw Xncp-\-_n-

bpsS A\p-Kman A√m-Xn-cn-°p-

Ibpw sNøp∂ Hcp ]hm-N-I\pw

hcp-∂-X-s√∂v amX-am-Wv.

(auPpBsØ I_o¿)

ta¬ D≤-c-Wn-Iƒ hy‡-

ambpw a\- n-em°nØcp-∂Xv

\p_p-∆Øv \ne-®p-t]mbn F∂v

ì JmØ-ap-∂-_n-øo≥í (]hm-N-

I≥am-cpsS apZ) F∂ ]tbm-K-

Øn\v A¿∞-an√ F∂m-Wv.

lZvdØv AlvaZn(-A)s‚lZvdØv AlvaZn(-A)s‚lZvdØv AlvaZn(-A)s‚lZvdØv AlvaZn(-A)s‚lZvdØv AlvaZn(-A)s‚

\p_∆Øv\p_∆Øv\p_∆Øv\p_∆Øv\p_∆Øv

lZvdØv AlvaZn (A) s‚

\p_p-∆Øv Hcn-°epw JØ-ap-

∂p_-p∆-Øn\v hncp-≤ta A√.

B a-lmflmhv ]d-bp∂p:

\_n(-k)°v Hcp ]tXyI

A¥ v \¬I-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂p. Cu

hnh£ ]Imcw Ahn-Sp∂v

JmØ-ap¬ Aºn-bmAv ë BIp-

∂p. AXm-b-Xv, \p_p-∆-Øns‚

F√m ]cn-]q¿W-X-Ifpw Xncp-\-_n-

bn¬ kºq¿ØoI-cn-°-s∏-´n-cn-

°p-∂p. B alm-flm-hn\v tijw

]pXnb ico-A-Øp-ambn Hcp

dkqepw hcp-∂-X-√. B alm-flm-

hns‚ DΩ-Øn¬s]-SmØ Hcp

\_nbpw hcp-∂-X-√.

adn-®v, ssZhnI kw`m-j-W-am-

Ip∂ kIe A\p-K-lhpw At±-

l-Øns‚ A\p-K-l-Ømepw

Ahn-Sp∂v aptJ-\-bp-amWv e`y-am-

hp-I. AØcw Bƒ DΩØn

F∂mWv Adn-b-s∏-Sp-I. kzX¥

]hm-N-I-\m-bn-cn-°p-I-bn√ (N-

ivasb aA-cn^:)

ì B alm-fl-P≥˛ \_n(-k)

JmØ-ap¬ Aºnbm-Av BIp-∂p.

taen¬ B ]pWym-flm-hn¬ \n∂v

Bflob A\p-Kl-ßƒ D≠m-hp-

I-bn√ F∂-X√ AXp-sIm-≠p≈

hnh-£. adn®v AXns‚ A¿∞w,

]hm-N-Is‚ apZ IqSmsX bm

sXmcp Znhym-\p-K-lhpw B¿

°pw e`n-°p-I-bn√ F∂mIp-∂p.

B Znhym-flm-hns‚ DΩ-Øn¬

Jnbm-aØv hscbpw Hcn-°epw

ssZhnI kw`m-j-W-Øn-t‚bpw

kwt_m-[-\-bp-tSbpw Ihm-S-ßƒ

sIm´n-b-S-°-s∏-Sp-∂n-√. \_n

Xß-f-√msX a‰mcpw JmØw

F∂ ÿm\Øv C√. Ahn-Sp∂v

amXta B ]Z-hn-bn-ep-≈q. B

31


Znhym-flm-hns‚ apZ-tbmSp IqSn

\p_p-∆Øv kn≤n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.

]t£, Abmƒ DΩØn BtI-

≠Xv A\n-hm-cy-amWv.

(l-Jo-J-Øp¬ hlvbv t]Pv

27, 28)

A√mlp P√-km-\lp \_n

Xncp-ta-\n(-k)sb kmlns_ Jm

Øw AXm-bX,v apZ-bpSaí B°n-

bn-cn-°p-∂p. AXm-bXv Xncp-\-

_n°v A\p-Kl kºq¿Øn-

bpsS apZ \¬I-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p.

CXv Xo¿®-bmbpw as‰mcp \_n

°pw e`n -®n -ń -√. C°m-cWw

sIm≠p Xs∂ Ahn-SpsØ \maw

JmØap∂-_n-øo≥ F∂m-bn.

AXm-bXv Ahn-SpsØ A\p-[m-

h\w \p_p-∆Øm-Ip∂ A`yp-

∂Xn \¬Ip-∂p. Ahn-SpsØ

Bflob i≤í \_n-X-dm -iv

(\_n D≠m-°m≥ Ign-bp-∂-Xv)

BWv. Cu Znhy-i‡n as‰mcp

\_n°pw Inń-bn-ń-√.

(l-Jo-J-Øp¬ hlvbv t]Pv

97 ASn-°p-dn∏v)

X\n°v e`y-amb \p_p-∆-Øn-

s\-°p-dn®v B alm-flmhv ]d-bp-

∂p:

""Rm≥ ]pXn-sbmcp hmZ-

Ønt‚bpw \ma-Øn-t‚bpw ASn-

ÿm-\-Øn¬ \_nbpw dkqepw

A√. apl-ΩZo cq]-Øn-t‚bpw

apl-Ω-Zo-\p-_p-∆-Øns‚ kºq¿

Æ ]Xn-^-e-\-Øn-t‚bpw ]cn-

]q¿W injy-Xz-Øn¬ D≈ Z¿

∏Ww F∂ \ne°v amX-amWv

Rm≥ \_nbpw dkqepw''

(\pkqep¬ akolv t]Pv 3)

ho≠pw ]d-bp-∂p:

ì ""Hcp ]mSv Bfp-Iƒ Rm≥ \_n-

bm-sW∂ hmZw tI v sX‰n≤cn-°p-

Ibpw ap≥Ime L -ß-fn¬ \_n-

am¿°v t\cn´v \p_p-∆Øv Inń-

bXp t]mse F\n°pw Inń-b-Xm-

sW∂v [cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

F∂m¬ Cu [mcW sX‰m-Wv.

Fs‚ hmZw AØ-c-Øn-ep-≈-X-√.

adn®v, A√m-lp-hns‚ \S-]-Snbpw

bp‡nbpw \_n(-k)bpsS Bflo-

bm-\p-K-l-ß-fpsS kºq¿ Øn-I-

cWw ÿm]n-°m≥ (-F-\n-°v) Cu

ÿm\w \¬In-b-\p-K-ln-®-Xm-Wv.

Ahn-SpsØ \∑-I-fpsS A\p-K-

l-amWv Fs∂ Cu ÿm\-tØ°v

FØn-®-Xv. AXp-sIm≠v Fs∂

\_n F∂v amXw ]d-bm-h-X-√.

adn®v, Rm≥ Hcp mKØv \_nbpw

adp-`m-KØv DΩ-Ønbpw BWv.

Fs‚ \p_p-∆-Øv \_n(-k)bpsS

\p_p-∆ -Øns‚ imJ-bm -Wv.

bYm¿∞ \p_p-∆-Ø√.

(lJo-J-Øp¬ hlvbv t]Pv

150)

Hcp- m¿kn Ihn-X-bn¬ At±lw

]d-bp-∂p:

F\n°v Hcp DkvXm-Zns\

∏‰nbpw Adn-bn-√.

Rm≥ apl-ΩZn( -k) s‚

]q¶m-h-\-am -Ip∂ ]≈n-°q-S -

Øn¬ \n∂mWv hnZy A`ykn-®-

Xv (Zp¿sd-k-ao≥)

kwK-lwkwK-lwkwK-lwkwK-lwkwK-lw

lZvdØv AlvaZv(-A) D∂-

bn® \p_p-∆Øv hmZw tIhew

injy-]-hm-N-I-\m-sW∂v amX-am-

Wv. AXm-Is´, hnip≤ Jp¿-B-

t\m, Xncp-l-Zo-kp-Iƒt°m, ap≥

Ime ]finX hN-\-ßƒt°m

FXn-c-√. adn®v, XnI®pw A\p-Iq-

ehpw A\p-tbm-Py-hp-am-Wv.

kphm¿Økphm¿Økphm¿Økphm¿Økphm¿Ø

lZvdØv apl-ΩZv apkvX-^

(-k) Xs‚ DΩ-Øns‚ in£-W-

Øn\pw ]cn-jvI-c-W-Øn\pw Ah-

km\ ImeØv Cukm \_n-bpsS

BK-a-\-sØ-°p-dn®v Zo¿L-Z¿

i\w sNbvXn-´p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. B

Cukm-\-_n, 2000 h¿jw apºv

h∂ Cukm \_n-b-s√∂pw adn®v

Cu DΩ-Øn¬ \n∂v BK-X-\m-

hp∂ hy‡n-bm-sW∂pw Cam-

a°pw an≥Ipw, AΩ°pw an≥

Ipw F∂o ]tbm-K-ß-fn-epsS

\_n(-k) hy‡-am-°n-b-Xm-Wv.

amX-a-√, hcm-\p≈ Cukm \_n-

bpsS cq]hpw mhhpw Ckvdmtb-

en-te°v \ntbm-Kn-°-s∏´ Cukm

\_n-bn¬ \n∂v XnI®pw hyXy-

kvX-am-bn-´mWv Xncp-\-_n(-k)

hy‡-am°nØ∂-Xv.

em\-_n-ø _AvZnem\-_n-ø _AvZnem\-_n-ø _AvZnem\-_n-ø _AvZnem\-_n-ø _AvZn

hcm-\p≈ akolv \_n-bm-

bn-cn-°p-sa∂pw \_n(-k) hy‡-

am-°n-bn- p-≠v. \_n(-k) ]d™p:

ì ebvk-_bv\oí h _bv\lp

\_n-øp≥

hC-∂lp \mkn-ep≥(-Xzn -

_vdm-\n)

F\n°pw hcm-\p≈ akn-ln-

\p-an-S-bn¬ \_n-am-cn-√. At±lw

Xo¿®-bmbpw Cd-ßp-∂-Xm-Wv.

apkvenanse Hcp lZo-kn¬

\mev XhW hcm-\p≈ akolv

\_n-bm-sW∂v \_n(-k) ]d

™n´p-≠v.

lZvdØv aplvbp±o≥ C_v\p

Ad-_n (-d-lv) ]d-™Xv h lp-h

\_nøp≥ _nem-i-°n≥(-\n- w-

ibw At±lw \_n-bm-bn-cn-°pw)

F∂m-Wv(-^p-Øp-lmsØ a°n-

b). (`mKw 1, t]Pv 57)

\_n(-k) em \_nø _A-Zoí

F∂v ]d-™-Xns‚ ]c-am-h[n

Imem-h[n Cukm-\-_n-bpsS BK-

a\w hsc-bm-sW∂v ta¬ l-Zokv

32


hy‡-am-°p-∂p. AXp Xs∂-

bmWv ssZhn-I-cmb ]finX

tijvT¿ a\- n-em-°n-b-Xpw.

AXp-sIm≠v Xs∂-bmWv

DΩp¬ apAvan\o≥ lZvdØv

Bbn-im-kn-±n -Jm(d: A) ]d-

™Xv:

Jqep C∂lp JmØ-ap¬

Aºn-bmC

hem-X -Jqep em \_nø

_AvZlq(Zp¿sd a≥kq¿)

\nßƒ \_n(-k)sb JmØ-

ap¬ Aºn-bm-Av F∂v ]d-™p-

sIm-≈p-hn≥. ]t£, Xncp-\-

_n°v tijw \_n C√ F∂v ]d-

b-cp-Xv.

lZvdØv Camw kpbqXzn (d-

lv) Cu hmNIw Xs‚ KŸ-

Øn¬ D≤-cn-®p-sIm≠v Xs‚ A`n-

]mbw IqSn-bmWv tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-

b-Xv.

IqSmsX lZvdØv tiJp¬

AIv_¿ apl-bn-±n-\p_v\p Ad

_n (dlv h-^m-Øv˛ 638), l:

auem\m Pem-ep-±o≥ dqan(-d-lv

h^m-Øv-˛672), lZvdØv kønZv

A_vZpƒ JmZn¿ Pnem-\n (-d-lv ˛

h^mØv ˛ 562 ln.) lZvdØv

kønZv A_vZp¬ Icow Pnem-\n

(-d-lv ˛ h^mØv-˛767), lZvdØv

kønZv A_vZp¬ Icow Poem-\n (-

d-lv h^mØv 976 ln) Camw apl-

ΩZv Xzmln¿ (d-lv) 986 ln), \hm_v

kn±nJv lk≥Jm≥ t`m]m-e-hn (-

h-^m-Øv˛ 1307 ln.) l: A√ma

C_v\p Jp¬Zq≥ (-h-^mØv 808

ln) lZvdØv Camw ^J-dp-±o≥

dmkn (-h- m Øv 544 ln), lZvdØv

Camw_mJn¿ (-d-lv) lZvdØv tiJv

_men A -¥n (-h- mØv 960 ln.)

XpSßn \nc-h[n ]finXmtKk-

c¿ a\- n-em-°nbXpw ]Tn-∏n-®-Xpw,

JØ-ap-∂p-_p-∆-Øv ]hm-N-IXzw

sIm´n-b-S-°m-\p≈ apZ As√-∂m-

Wv. adn®v, ]kvXpX ssZhnI kw

t_m-[\sb \_n(-k)°v e`n®

tijvT -X -bmbnØs∂-bmWv

Dƒs°m-≈p-∂-Xv.

"\_n hcn√' F∂Xv"\_n hcn√' F∂Xv"\_n hcn√' F∂Xv"\_n hcn√' F∂Xv"\_n hcn√' F∂Xv

hgn-tI-Sns‚ hnizmkwhgn-tI-Sns‚ hnizmkwhgn-tI-Sns‚ hnizmkwhgn-tI-Sns‚ hnizmkwhgn-tI-Sns‚ hnizmkw

\_n hcn-s√∂ hnizmkw

hgn-tI-Sm-sW∂v Cu alm-flm-°-

sf-√mw a\- n-em-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥ ]d-bp∂p:

CXn\v apºv bqkp^v \nß-

fpsS ASp-°¬ hy‡amb sXfn-

hp-I-fp-ambn h∂n-´p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

]t£, At±lw sIm≠p-h-∂-Xn-

s\-°p-dn®v \nßƒ kwi-b-Øn-em-

bn-cp-∂p. Aßs\ At±lw acn-®-

t∏mƒ \nßƒ ]d-™p: A√m lp

At±-l-Øn\v tijw Hcn-°epw

Hcp ]hm-N-I-t\bpw Ab-°p-I-

bn -√. Cß-s\-bmWv AXnc v

Ihn™v ]h¿Øn-°p∂-h-tc

bpw kwi-bm-ep-°-tfbpw A√m

lp hgn-tI-Sn-em-°p-∂Xv. (kqd:

bqkp- v)

D]-kw-lmcwD]-kw-lmcwD]-kw-lmcwD]-kw-lmcwD]-kw-lmcw

lZvdØv JmØ-ap¬-A-wºn-bm-

Av apl-ΩsZ apkvX^m AlvasZ

apPvX_m(-k) Ah-km\ ImeØv

D≠m-Ip-sa∂v ]d™ c≠v Znhym-

\p-K-l-ßfpw AXm-bXv \p∫p-

hØpw Jnem-^Øpw IrXy-k-a-

bØp Xs∂ A√mlp \S-∏n¬

hcp-Øn-bn-cn -°p-∂p. Jnem-^-

Øns‚ iXm_vZn lZvdØv ako

lv auCu-Zn(-A)s‚ \p_p-∆-Øn-

\p≈ AXn-i-‡-amb sXfnhp

IqSn-bm-Wv. B alm-fl≥ £Wn-

°p-∂p.

ë "" JuwtI temtKm C[¿ Bthm

sI \nIvem B vØm_v

hmZnsb P¬aØv ta Iym

ss_tTtlmXpw ssetem

\lm¿.''í

""kap-Zm-b-Ønse Bfp-I-tf,

Ctßm v hcp-hn≥, CXm kqcy-\pZn-

®n-cn-°p-∂p. F¥n-\mWv \n ßƒ

cm]-I¬ A‘-Im -c -Øns‚

Xmgvhc-bn¬ I-gn-®p-Iq-´p-∂-Xv?

(Zp¿sd-sk-ao≥) ''

(A-h-km-\n-®p)

I-fn¬ sh®v \n¿∆-ln-°-W-sa∂v

]tXyIw \njvI¿jn-®n-´p-≈-Xv.

(`-£Ww Ign-®-Xn-\p-ti-j-ap≈

Cu \SØw G‰hpw Btcm-Ky-I-

c-am-Wv) Cu D]-tZiw ico-c-Øn

\pw Bflm-hn\pw Hcp-t]mse

KpW-I-c-am-Wv.

XpS¿®-bmb Dd-°-an-√mbva

am\-knI Akz-ÿ-X-Iƒ°v Imc-

W-am-Ipw. AXp-sIm≠v cmXn-

bnse ]q¿Æ-hn-iahpw Dd-°hpw

CXn\v AXym-h-iy-am-Wv. Dd-°-an-

√mbva \ΩpsS a\- ns\ ]e-hn[

Nn¥-I-fmepw Ae- pw. hpfp FSp-

Øp-sIm≠v Dd-ßm≥ InS-°p-I-bm-

sW-¶n¬ AXv \ΩpsS Nn¥-Isf

\nb-¥n-°m≥ klm-b-I-am-bn-cn-

°pw. A]-Imcw Cfw-Nq-Sp-sh-≈-

Ønse Ipfnbpw NqSp≈ Fs¥-

¶nepw ]m\obw Ign-°p-∂Xpw Dd-

ßm≥ klm-b-I-am-bn-cn-°pw.

Ckvemans‚ A≤ym-]-\-ß-

sf√mw ]Ir-Xn-]-chpw hy‡-amb

Btcm-Ky-\n-b-a-ßƒ°\pkr-X-hp-

am-Wv. B[p-\nI imkvX-Øns‚

ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Ckveman-s\-∏‰n

]Tn-°pI F∂Xv G‰hpw BÀm-

Z-I-c-amb Hcp ]hrØn-bm-Wv.

(22-˛¬ \n∂v XpS¿®)(22-˛¬ \n∂v XpS¿®)(22-˛¬ \n∂v XpS¿®)(22-˛¬ \n∂v XpS¿®)(22-˛¬ \n∂v XpS¿®)

33


CuCuCuCuCu alm-\-K-c-Øn\v Dd-°-an√; ]mXn-cm-hnepw

IÆp-an-gn®v DW¿∂n-cn-°p∂ apwss_ \K-cw.

\h-º¿ 26. Dd-ßmØ \K-c-Øns‚ B km[m-

c-W -cm-Xn-bn¬, temIsØ \Sp-°nb oI-c-X, Xoh-

hm-Zn-I-fpsS tae-¶n-b-Wn™v IS∂ph-cn-I-bm-bn-cp-

∂p. At∏m-g-sXmcp IdpØ cmXn-bmbn amdn.

cmXn 9.21\v Z£nW apwss_-bnse sImfm-_-

bn¬ BZysØ kvt^mS-\w. AXns‚ Ae¿® AS-

ßpw- apºv, O-X-]Xn inhPn sS¿an-\kv sdbn¬th

tÃj-\n¬ (kn.-F-kv.-‰n. tÃj≥)- Im-X-S-∏n-°p∂

shSn-sbm-®-Iƒ. A©p an\n‰v IqSntb ]n∂n- p-≈q,

cmXn 10.30\v sImfm-_-bnse entbm-t]mƒUv It^

dÃm-d‚n¬ shSn-sh-bv∏v. ]Xn-\©p an\n-‰n-\Iw

ho≠p-a-sX-Øn-bXv BZy-kvt^m-S\w oI-cm-¥-co£w

hnX® kn.-F-kv.‰n tÃj-\n¬.

apwss_-bnse P\-ß-fpsS Hcp ]cn-tO-Z-amWv

kn.-F-kv.-‰n. tÃj-\nse P\-\n-_n-V-X. B BƒIq-

-Øn-\n-S-bn-te-bv°mWv Xoh-hm-Zn-Iƒ Hcp \nb-¥-

W-hp-an√msX Xeß-s\bpw hne-ß-s\bpw shSn-bp-

≠-Iƒ ]mbn-®-Xv.

BZy-K-Up-hmbn Cu tÃj-\n¬amXw ]nS-™p-

ho-Wp acn-®Xv ]Øp-t]¿; \nc-]-cm-[n-I-fmb ]Øp-

t]¿. Ah¿ bmX sNøm-s\-Øn-b-htcm bmX-I-

gn™p aSßn h∂n-d-ßn-b-htcm Bhmw. acn-®-h-cn¬

c≠p ae-bm-fn-Ifpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

11.50\v tUm°vbm¿Uv tdmUn¬ SmIvkn t_mw_v

alm-\-K-csØ \Sp-°nbalm-\-K-csØ \Sp-°nbalm-\-K-csØ \Sp-°nbalm-\-K-csØ \Sp-°nbalm-\-K-csØ \Sp-°nbòI-cZn\-ßƒòI-cZn\-ßƒòI-cZn\-ßƒòI-cZn\-ßƒòI-cZn\-ßƒ

G.-Iyp. alvZnG.-Iyp. alvZnG.-Iyp. alvZnG.-Iyp. alvZnG.-Iyp. alvZn

s]mń-sØ-dn-°p-∂p. 12-˛44\v assd≥ ssUhnse

"ssSU‚ v' F∂ ]©-\-£X tlm´-en¬ kvt^m

S\hpw h≥]n® A·n-_m-[bpw Hmtcm kvt^mS-

\Ønepw ac-W-kwJy IqSn-s°m-≠n-cp-∂p.

alm-cjvS oI-c-hn-cp≤ tk\m Xe-h≥ tla¥v

I¿°sd Dƒ∏sS aq∂pt]meokv DtZym-K-ÿ-∑m-cpsS

Poh≥ s]men-™p-ho-WXpw B ]cn-k-cØp

h®mWv.

A¿≤-cmXn 1.53. c≠p sIm Spw-ò-I-c¿, Ah¿

tIhew Iuam-c-]m-b-Øn-ep≈h¿, t]meo-kn s‚

shSn-tb‰v K¿Kmw Nu∏m- n-bn¬ sIm√-s∏Sp∂p.

At∏mgpw P\-Øn-\-dn-hp-≠m-bn--cp-∂n-√ CsXmcp

Xoh-hmZn BIaWØns‚ Ac-tß-‰-am-bn-cp-∂p-sh-

∂v. apwss_-bnse At[m-temI kwL-ß-fpsS IpSn-

∏I ]c-kv]cw Xo¿°-s∏-Sp-tºm-gp-≠m-°p∂ GtXm

BI-a-W-Øns‚ _m°n-]-X-amhmw CsX ∂p Icp-

Xmt\ \K-c-hm-kn-Iƒ°p Ign-™p-≈q.

shfp∏n\p \mep-a-Wn, C≥Uy-bpsS Xs∂ A`n-

am\ AXn-Yn-a-µn-c-amb XmPva-l¬ tlm´-en¬ G‰p-

ap-´-en-\nsS c≠p òI-c-∑m¿ sIm√-s∏-Sp-∂p. Xoh-

hm-Zn-I-sf∂p kwi-bn-°p∂ \qdp-ò-I-c¿ he-bn¬

IpSp-ßp-Ibpw sNbvXp. sIWn-bn¬s]´ B \qdp-

t]sc AX s]s´∂v Iogvs∏-Sp-Øm\m-hp-am-bn-cp-∂n-

√. Poh-t\msS ]nSn-Iq-Sm-\pw, Ah¿ k¿∆m-bp[

k÷-cm-bn-cp-∂p. Ah¿°p ]pdsa C\n-bp-ap-≠mhmw

XmPn-\p-≈n¬ oI-c-∑m¿ F∂m-bn-cp∂p ]pd-Øp-≈-

apwss_ oI-cm-I-a-W-sØ-°p-dn®v Hcp hnh-cWwapwss_ oI-cm-I-a-W-sØ-°p-dn®v Hcp hnh-cWwapwss_ oI-cm-I-a-W-sØ-°p-dn®v Hcp hnh-cWwapwss_ oI-cm-I-a-W-sØ-°p-dn®v Hcp hnh-cWwapwss_ oI-cm-I-a-W-sØ-°p-dn®v Hcp hnh-cWw

34


h¿ hniz-kn-®-Xv. Hs°pw Bbp-[-[m-cn-Ifpw Bhmw.

Ah-scX t]¿? FhnsS \n∂p h∂-h¿? B¿°pw

H∂pw Adn-bn-√. t]meokv tk\bv°p t]mepw ]pd-

Øp-\n-∂p-sIm≠v Ccp- n¬ X∏mt\ Ign-™p-≈q.

\ΩpsS C‚-en-P≥kv kwhn-[m-\-Øns‚ A\m-

ÿ-I-c-amb ]mfn® ChnsS Xnc-»o-e-bp-b¿ Øp.

Ahn-sS, tlm´¬ XmPn¬, ]n∂oSp \S-∂Xv oI-

c-∑m-cpsS tX¿hm-gvN-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Xmfi-h-\r-Ø-am-

bn-cp-∂p. Xe-ß-s\bpw hne-ß-s\bpw shSn-bp-

Xn¿Øp-sIm-≠v, b¥-tØm-°p-I-fp-ambn Xoh-hm-Zn-

Iƒ, Hcp \q‰m-≠n-tesd ]g-°hpw ]mc-º-cy-hp-ap≈

B \£-X-tlm- -ense apdn-I-fnepw CS-\m-gn-I-fnepw

`ms¥-SpØp ]m™p-\-S-∂p. IÆn¬ I≠ At¥-

hm-kn-I-sf-sbms° Ah¿ shSn-h-®p-ho-gvØn. hntZ-

in-I-fm-bn-cp∂p Ah-cpsS apJy-e-£yw; Ata-cn°

_nójv ]uc-∑m¿.

tlm´-ense \nc-h[n t]sc oI-c¿ _‘n-I-fm-

°n. ]pe¿s® 5 aWn. ASp-Øp≈ ssSU‚ v tlm -

en¬ At∏mgpw shSn-sbm® apg-ßn-t°- p-sIm-≠n-cp-

∂p.

as‰mcp ]©-\-£-X-tlm- -emb H_vtdm-bn-bnepw

kam-\-amb oI-c-X-Iƒ Ac-tß-dn. oI-c-cpsS as‰mcp

kwLw e£y-an-´-Xv, PqX-∑m¿ ]m¿°p∂ \cn-am≥

lu m-bn-cp-∂p. aq∂p-Zn-hkw \o≠p-\n∂ Cu Zpc-

¥-\m-S-I-ß-fn-eqsS s]men-™p-ho-W-Xv, H´m sI 200

t]cpsS hne-s∏´ Poh-\p-I-fm-Wv. 400- -e-[nIw t]¿°v

Kpcp-X-c-ambn ]cn-t°¬°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

Cu alm-\-Kcw Hcp A]-Jym-]nXbp≤-Øn\v

km£n-bm-hp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. \ΩpsS Iäp-∂n¬,

cmjvS-Øn\p ap∂n¬, tem I-am-[y-a-ßƒ°p ap∂n¬,

Ac-tß-dnb Hcp oI-c-bp-≤-Øn\v.

CXv ]c-º-cm-K-X-ssi-en-bn¬ D≈ H∂m-bn-cp-∂n-

√. c≠p cmPy-ß-fnse ]´m-f-°m¿ kz¥w ]tZ-iØv

\ne-bp-d-∏n-®p-sIm-≠p≈ bp≤-a-√. ChnsS ssk\n-

I-cn-√. Sm¶p-I-fn-√, Ih-Nn-X-hm-l-\-ß-fn-√, AI-ºSn

tkhn-°m≥ thyma-tk-\-bp-an-√. ]I-ctam? Nmth-dp-

I-fmb Iptd òI-c-∑m¿, Hcp tIm Sn-bn-e-[nIw P\-

km-µ-X-bp≈ \K-c-Øn¬ A\m-bmkw IS-∂v, Hcp-

X-c-Ønepw ]Xn-tcm-[n-°m≥ Ign-hn-√mØ \nc-]-cm-

[n-Iƒs°-Xnsc bp≤w sNøp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. i-cn°pw

CXv Iqc-hpw, A¥- m-c-iq-\y-hp-amb Hcp Nmth¿

bp≤-am-bn-cp-∂p. CØcw sh√p-hn-fn-Iƒ t\cn-Sm≥

t]meo-knt\m ]´m-f-Ønt\m th≠X k∂m-l-ß-

fp-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. Ah¿ AkvX-]-⁄-cm-bn-t∏m-bn.

kvt^mS-I-h-kvXp-°ƒ IpØn-\n-d® Npa¬k-©n-bp-

ta-¥n, ssIøpw hoin, \£-X-tlm- -ep-I-fn¬ A\m-

bmkw IS∂psN∂v At¥-hm-kn-Isf sIm√p-Ibpw

_µn-I-fm-°p-Ibpw sNøp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p, ssI hn-c-

en-se-Æm-hp∂X amX-ap≈ oI-c¿.

\msamcp Incm-X-k-aq-l-Øn-emtWm Pohn-°p-∂-

sX∂p kzbw tNmZn-t°≠ Ah-ÿ. \ap°p

Kh¨sa‚pw, A[n-Im-cn-I-fpw, t]meo-kpw, ]´m-f-hp-

sam∂pw Ct√ F∂p Nn¥n-t°≠ kml-N-cyw.

Ign™ Iptd h¿j-ß-fmbn kvt^mS-\-ß-fpsS

kwò-Xn, Pohn-X-Ønse Hcp bmYm¿∞y-am-bn-°-

gn™ \K-c-hm-kn-°v, Hmtcm ac-W-sØ-∏‰n tIƒ°p-

tºmgpw tSmƒtÃm-bn-bpsS IYm-]m-X-sØ-t]m-se,

AXv Xm\-√tbm F∂p hniz-kn-°m≥ amXta Ign-

bq. C≥Uy-bn¬ Cu kvt^mS-\m-fl-I-amb A¥-co-

£-Øn\p XpS°w Ipdn-°-s∏-´Xv F¨]-Xp-I-fpsS

Ah-km-\-Øn-em-sW∂v Ncn-X-hn-Zym¿∞n-Iƒ ]Tn-

°pw. Cu oI-cm-I-aW ]c-º-c-I-fn-eqsS FX-t]¿

HSp-ßn-sb∂v Ah¿ IW-s°-Sp-°p-Ibpw sN bvtX-

°mw.

Chn-sS-sbmcp Imcyw i≤m¿ l-am-Wv. Cu bp≤-

Øns‚ kz- mhw t\m°p-I. oI-c-cpsS t]m cm- -ti-

jnbpw CkvemanI hncp-≤-cmb Ata-cn-°-tbmSpw

_n´-t\m-Spw, H∏w PqX-k-aq-l-tØm-Sp-aq≈ HSp-

ßmØ ]I Xo¿°epw, Xoh-hm-Zn-I-fpsS X¥w

temI-Øn\p apºn¬ ]I-Sn-∏n-®p-Im-´m-\pw, C≥Uy-

°m-cmb \sΩ Kn\n-∏-∂n-I-fm-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p Ah¿.

]co-£W arK-ßsft∏mse. Ata-cn-°-°m¿ Cu Zpc-

¥-\m-SIw Sn.-hn.-bn¬ I≠n-cn-°pw. ho¿∏p-a-S-°n-bn-

cp\n∂v Ah¿ 2001-˛¬, CXn-s\-°mƒ ]Xn-∑-Sßv

kwlm-c-ti-jn-tbmsS òI-c¿ \S-Ønb i‡-amb

Hcm-Lm-X-Øns‚ kvt^mS-\-i-_vZhpw s]mSnbpw

]pI-bpw, Szn≥S-h¿ XI¿°-s∏-´-t∏mƒ tIƒ-°p-

Ibpw ImWp-Ibpw sN bvX-Xm-Wv.

Chn-sS-tbm, \mw C≥-Uy-°m¿ A vKm-\n-ÿm-

\nepw Cdm-°nepw Ata-cn° \S-Ønb \oXn-I-cn-°m-

\m-hmØ AXn-I-a-ßƒ°v I\Ø hne \¬Ip-I-

bm-bn-cp-∂p, t]m¿°f-Øn-e-√mØ c‡-km-£n-Isf

\¬In-s°m-≠v.

temIsØ G‰hpw henb i‡n-sb∂p hnfn-

35


°-s∏-Sp∂ Ata-cn-°-t]mepw oI-cm-I-a-W-ßƒ t\cn-

Sp-∂p-≠v. ]t£, Ah-sbm∂pw CX Akw-_‘-amb

Xc-Øn-ep-≈-X-√. t_mw_p-Iƒ FX-sbÆw s]mń-

bn´pw C≥Uy-bn¬ cmjvSo-b-°m¿ Hcp ]m-Thpw ]Tn-

®n- n-√, ]Tn-°p-hm≥ Ah¿°p Xmev]-cy-hp-an-√. as‰m-

c-¿∞-Øn¬ ]d-™m¬, \ΩpsS Nne cmjvSo-b-°m-

sc-°mƒ FXtbm t`Z-amWo òI-c¿. Ah¿°p

kz¥w e£y-tØmSp Iqdpw, Bflm¿∞-X-bpw, kXy-

k-‘-Xbpw D≠v. o-I-c¿ GXm-bmepw Agn-a-Xn-°m-c-

√. e£y-Øn-\p-th≠n Poh≥ _en-b¿∏n-°m\pw

Ah¿ Xøm-dmWv.

]t£, icn°pw Cu oI-c¿t]mepw kzbw _en-

bm-Sm-°-s∏-Sp-I-bm-sW-∂-Xt√ bmYm¿∞yw?

Fß-s\-bmWv Cu Nmth¿ kwLmw-K-ßsf oI-

c-kw-hn-[m-\-ßƒ kwL-Sn-∏n-°p-∂Xv; \bn-°p-∂Xv?

hnth-I-Øn-t‚tbm a\pjy-Xz-Øn-t‚tbm

t\¿Ø Hcwiw t]mepw _m°n-h-bv°mØ coXn-bn¬

akvXnjvI ]£m-f\w \S-Øn, AhnsS hntZz-j-

Øns‚ sImSpw-hnjw IpØn-h-®v, Iqc-X-bpsS

Bƒcq-]-am°n hm¿sØ-Sp-°p-I-bmWv Hmtcm Nmth¿

cq]-Øn-ep≈ Xoh-hm-Zn-tb-bpw. H∏w, ac-W-s∏- m¬

òa-amb Hcp XpI IpSpw-_-Øn\p \¬In-s°m-≈m-

sa∂ hmKvZm-\-hpw. t_mws_ kvt^mS-\-ßƒ \S-

Ønb oI-c-cn¬ \n∂v Poh-t\msS ]nSn-bn-emb GI

Nmth-dmb apl-ΩZv APva¬ Ban¿ Cam≥ F∂

Iuam-c-]m-b-°m-c-\n¬ \n∂pw t]meo-kn\p Inńb

hnh-c-am-Wn-Xv. ]nSn-bn-e-I-s∏´t∏mƒ Abmƒ bmNn-

®p-h-sX.

"\nß-sf-s∂-sbm∂p sIm∂p-X-cq... F¶n¬

Fs‚ IpSpw-_-Øn-s\-¶nepw Hcp XpI e`n-°pw. Cs√-

¶n¬... Cs√-¶n¬.... Rm≥ Poh-t\m-sS-bn-cp-∂m¬,

"Ah¿' Fs‚ IpSpw-_mw-K-ßsf apgp-h≥ h[n-

°pw....'

CXm-Wv, Nmth¿thjw sI p∂ Hcp oI-cs‚

bYm¿∞ Ah-ÿ, Ahs‚ mhn.

Imivao¿ C¥y°v F∂pw \odp∂ Hcp ]iv\-

am-bn-cp-∂p. AXns‚ N-cn-X-Øn-te°v \ap-s°m∂v

Xncn-™p-t\m-°mw. 1947˛¬ cmPm-°-∑m¿ cn-®n-cp∂

]hn-iy-Iƒ C≥Uy≥ bqWn-b-\n¬ ebn-°m≥ Xocp-

am-\n-®-t∏mƒ, aq∂p tÃ‰p-Iƒ ssl-Z-_m-Zpw, Pq\-

KUpw, ]ns∂ \Ωp sS Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iqdpw AXns\

FXn¿Øp. sslZ-_m-Zn-eqsS P\-K-Unepw apkvenw

`c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-I-fm-bn-cp-∂p. Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿ alm-cm-

Pm-hn\v kzX-¥-]-Z-hn-tbmsS cWw \ne-\n¿Øm≥

BK-l-ap-≠m-b-t∏mƒ, a‰p c≠p tÃ‰p-Ifpw ]mIn-

kvXm-\n¬ tNcm-\m-Wm-K-ln-®-Xv. F∂m¬ `qan-im-

kvX-]-c-ambn Cu ]hn-iy-I-fpsS ÿm\w AXn¿Øn-

]-tZ-i-Øp-\n∂pw hnZq-c-Øv, C≥Uy≥ bqWn-bs‚

Dƒ`m-K-Øm-bn-cp-∂p. amX-a-√, P\-kw-Jym-]-c-ambn

Ch aq∂pw lnµp-`q-cn-]-£-]-tZ-i-ß-fp-am-bn-cp-∂p.

AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ ]mIn-ÿm-\n¬ ebn-°pI Xo¿

Øpw Akm-[y-am-bn-cp-∂p.

Ncn-X-Øns‚ Cu k‘nbn¬, lcn-knw-Km-bn-

cp∂p Iivao-cnse cmPm-hv. At±lw Hcp ]cn-[n-hsc

]ptcm-K-a-\-hm-Zn-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Xs‚ FXn-cm-fn-bmb sj

bv°v A_vZp-≈, Ph-l¿em-ens‚ D‰-kp-lr-Øm-bn-

cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ amXw, lcn-knwKv tIm¨K- ns\

FXn¿Øp.

Iivao¿ Hcp kzX-¥-\m-Sm-I-W-sa-∂m-bn-cp∂p

lcn-knwKv BK-ln-®-Xv. Pp\-K-Un¬ \n∂pw sslZ-

_m-Zn¬ \n∂pw hn`n-∂-am-bn, Iivao¿ C≥Uy-bp-ambn

amX-a-√, Sn_-‰v, ]mIn-kvXm≥, A^vKm-\n-ÿm≥,

F∂o cmPy-ß-fp-ambpw AXn¿Øn ]¶n-Sp-∂p-≠v.

Iivao¿ P\-X-bn¬ qcn-]-£hpw apkvenwIƒ Bb-

Xn-\m¬ Iivao¿ ]mIn-kvXm-\n¬ ebn-°-W-sa-∂-Xm-

bn-cp∂p apl-Ω-Zen Pn∂-bpsS Bh-iyw. lnµp-

°ƒ°p `qcn-]-£-ap≈ PΩp-hns\ Dt]-£n-°p-

hm\pw Pn∂ Hcp-°-am-bn-cp-∂p. Iivao¿ ]mIn-kvXm-

\n-epw, PΩp C≥Uy-bnepw tNcpI F∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂p,

A∂v ]mIn-kvXms‚ cmjvS-]n-Xm-hm-bn-cp∂ Pn∂-

bpsS Bhiyw. C≥Uy°p kzoIm-cy-a-√mØ H∂m-

bn-cp∂p Cu \n¿t±-iw.

HSp-hn¬, 1947 HIvtSm-_¿ 26-˛\v cmPm lcn-

knwKpw s\lvdphpw Hcp Icm-dn¬ H∏p-h-®p. AX-

\p-k-cn®v, ]Xn-tcm-[w, hm¿Øm-hn-\n-a-bw, Id≥kn

F∂o hn`m-K-ßƒ C≥Uym-K-h¨sa‚ns‚ \nb-¥-

W-Øn-epw, B`y-¥-c-h-Ip-∏p-Iƒ Iivao¿ k¿°m-

cns‚ \nb-¥-W-Øn-ep-am-bn. Cu Icm-dmWv Iivao-

cns\ a‰v C≥Uy≥ kwÿm-\-ß-fn¬ \n∂p hyXy-

kvX-am-°p-∂-Xv. \pg-™p-I-b-‰-°m-cn¬ \n∂v

C≥Uy≥ tk\ Iivao-cns\ c£n-°bpw sNbvXp.

Iivao-cn-\p-th-≠n-bp≈ C≥ Uy-bpsS t]mcm´w

1947 HIvtSm--_-dn¬ XpS-ßnb bp≤-Øn-eq-sS-bmWv

Bcw- n-®-Xv. AXp 1948 \hw-_¿ hsc \o≠p. cq£-

36


amb B bp≤-Øn-eqsS, apºv ]mIv tk\ ssIø-S-

°nb Iivao-cnse ]tZ-ißƒ apgp-h≥ C≥Uy≥

ssk\yw Xncn-®p-]n-Sn-®p. C≥Uybv°v AsXmcp

ISpØ t]mcm´w Xs∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p. bp-≤m-\-¥cw

Iivaocpw C≥Uybpw XΩn¬ ]pXn-sbmcp Icm-dp-≠m-

°n. Iivao-cns‚ `mhn \n›-bn-°m≥ P\-ßƒ°n-S-

bn¬ lnX-]-cn-tim-[\ \S-Øm-sa-∂-Xm-bn-cp\∂p Icm-

dnse ]k‡ `mKw. Iivao¿ C≥Uy-bn¬ ebn-°-

tWm, ]mIn-kvXm\n¬ tNctWm, AtXm kzX-¥-cm-

Py-ambn \ne-\n¬°tWm F∂v Ahn-SsØ P\-

ßƒ°v Xocp-am-\n°mw F∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p B hyh-

ÿ.

Iivao-cns\ ]mIn-kvXm-\n¬ tN¿°m≥ sjbv°v

A_vZp≈ Hcn-°epw BK-ln-®n-√. At±lw ]mIn-

kvXms\ shdp-°p-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv. Iivao-cns‚ ][m-

\-a¥n Iivao-cn\p ]tXy-I-]-Zhn \¬ In-b-t∏mƒ

AhnsS apJy-a-¥n°p ]Icw ][m-\-a¥n F∂

t]cmWv D≠m-bncp-∂-Xv. Bbn-cp∂ ImeØv sjbv°v

A_vZp ≈ `q]-cn-jvI-c-Whpw a‰-t\Iw t£a-]-≤-

Xn-Ifpw \S-∏m-°n, Iivao-cn-I-fpsS lrZbw Ih¿∂p.

I-ivao-cn-Iƒ At±-lsØ Xß-fpsS c£-I-\m-bmWp

I≠-Xv. kzbw-`-cW Iivao¿ thW-sa-∂m-K-ln®

sjbv°v A_vZp-≈, ] [m-\-a¥n s\lvdp X\n°p

\¬ Inb Dd-∏v, ]men-°-W-sa∂v \nc-¥cw Bh-iy-

s∏- p.

hfsc hnNn-X-amb Hcp Imcyw IqSn ImWmsX

hø. 1980 apX¬ Iivao-cns‚ ad-hn¬ C≥Uy ISpØ

òI-cm-I-a-W-ßƒ t\cn- p-h-cn-I-bm-Wv. kl-\-i-‡n-

bpsS ]c-am-h[n ]n∂n- -t∏mƒ, Cu oj-Wn-I-sf∏‰n

]e-X-hW Ata-cn-°-tbmSp ]d-™-t∏mgpw, B temI

t]meo-kv, ]mIn-kvXms\ \ymbo-I-cn-°p∂ \ne-]m-

Sm-sW-Sp-Ø-Xv. F∂m¬ 2001 sk]v‰w-_-dn¬ thƒUv

tSUv sk‚¿ BI-an-°-s∏-´-tXm-sS, òI-c-X-bpsS

bYm¿∞ apJ-sa-s¥∂v Ata-cn-°bpw t\cn- -dn-™p.

A^vKm\nÿm\n¬ t_mw_m-I-a-W-am-bn-cp∂p

tPm¿Pv _pjv AXn\p \¬Inb adp-]-Sn. 2001 HIvtSm-

_-dn¬ Xs∂ Ata-cn-°, A^vKm≥ bp≤w XpS-ßn-

bXv temIw I≠p.

C≥Uy°p t\scbpw ]mIv òI-c-cpsS BI-a-

W-ap-≠m-bn. \ΩpsS ]m¿esa‚n\p t\sc-bm-bn-cp∂p

2001 Unkw-_-dnse B BI-a-Ww.

Cu òI-c-\-S-]-Sn-Iƒs°-Xnsc ssIbpw sIń

\n¬°m≥ \mw Xøm-dm-bn-√. \ΩpsS ]´mfw ]mIv

AXn¿Øn-bn-tebv°v am¿®v sNbvXp. "Hm∏-td-j≥ ]cm-

I-a-ßƒ' F∂ \ΩpsS B bp≤-]-≤-Xn-Im-e-Øv, 10

amkw \ΩpsS ssk\yw ]mIn-kvXm-t\mSp apJm-apJw

\n∂p. C≥-Uy≥ tk\ \nb-¥-W-tcJ ewLn®v ]mIv

Xoh-hmZn Iymºp-Iƒ BI-an-°p-sa-∂pw, ]mIn-

kvXm≥ AWp-hm-bp[w ]tbm-Kn-°p-sa-∂p-ap≈

L´w-hsc kwL¿jw hf¿s∂-Øn.

At∏m-sgmcp kw --h-ap-≠m-bn. A∂sØ \ΩpsS

Ic-tk\m ta[m-hn-bm-bn-cp∂p P\-d¬ F v. ]fl-

\m-`≥ A]-Xo-£n-X-ambn Hcp ]X-k-tΩ-f\w hnfn-

®p-Iq- n. At±lw ]Jym-]n-®p, ]mIn-kvXms‚ AWp-

t_mw-_m-I-a-W-Øn¬ C≥Uy-bnse \mtem At©m

\K-c-ßƒ C√m-Xm-tb-°mw. ]t£ AXn-\p-tijw

]mIn-kvX-m≥ Fs∂mcp cmPyw q]-S-Øn-ep-≠m-hn√

F∂v.

C≥Uy-bpsS D]-Klw H∏n-sb-SpØ ]mIv Xoh-

hmZn Iym ºns‚ NnX-ßƒ A∂p \mw Ata-cn-

°bv°v ssIam-dn-bn-cp-∂p. C≥Uy-bpsS dntam´v

sk≥knMv D]-K-l-ß-fpsS tijn A∂m-Zy-ambn

Ata-cn° Adn-bp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. 625 In.-ao-‰¿ Dbsc

\n∂v, qan-bnse Hcp ao‰¿ Np‰-fhp ÿew t]mepw

Acn-®p-s]-dp-°m≥ tijn-bp-≈-Xm-Wv D]-K-l-ß-

fnepw C≥Uy≥ Iyma-d. Cu Iyma-d-°-Æp-Iƒ

AXn¿Øn-bn-tebv°p Xpd-∂p-h-®m¬, FX ssk\n-

I¿ Atßm´p t]mIp∂p F∂v X’-abw \ΩpsS

Ic-tk\m Bÿm-\-Ø-dn-bmw. ]mIn-kvXm\v C∂pw

CØ-c-samcp Iyma-d-tbm, D]-K-ltam C√. Ck-tb-

en\p th≠n kao-]-Im-eØv CØ-c-samcp D]-Klw

C≥Uy-bmWp hnt£-]n-®-Xv.

Cu D]-K-l-Nn-X-ßƒ ssI bn¬h-®p-sIm-

≠mWv ][m-\-a¥n a≥tam-l≥knw-Kv, Ign-™-Zn-

hkw Bkn v Aen k¿Zm-cn°v ap∂-dn-bn∏p \¬In-

b-Xv, ]mIv ]cn-io-e\ Iymºp-I-sf-∏‰n hy‡-amb

NnX-ap-≠v, Iymºv XI¿ °m≥ \nßƒ Xøm-dmtWm

F∂v.

C≥Uy-bpsS ap≥ Ic-ssk-\y-ta-[mhn P\-d¬

F v. ]fl-\m- ≥ ]X-k-tΩ-f-\-Øn¬ ]d™ hm°p-

Iƒ hmb-\-°m¿ Hm¿°p-∂p-≠m-hp-a-s√m. Hcp AWp-

hm-bp[ BI-aWw D≠m-bm¬ ]ns∂ ]mIn-kvXm≥

Fs∂mcp cmPyw Xs∂ q]--S-Øn¬ D≠m-hn√ F∂v.

C≥Uybpw ]mIn-kvXm-\p-am-bp≈ Hcp bp≤w

A\nhm-cy-amb kml-N-cy-amtWm Ct∏mƒ? B

37


bp≤w Bk-∂-amtWm? F¶n¬ AsX-¥mWv?

AXns‚ ]cn-WXn F¥mhpw?

CsXms° tIhe tNmZy-ß-fm-Wv. bp≤w

AlvaZn-I-fmb \sΩ Fßs\ _m[n°pw F∂-Xn-

ep-]cn temIsØ AsX-ßs\ _m[n°pw F∂mWp

Nn¥n-t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. temI-sØ-√m-bnSØpw

\mw, AlvaZn-I-fpsS km∂n-≤y-ap-≠v. CØ-cp-W-

Øn¬, ap≥I-c-tk\m ta[mhn P\-d¬ ]fl-\m-`≥

Ggp-h¿jw apºp \S-Ønb Cu ]kvXm-h\ Hcn-

°¬IqSn \mw Hm¿t°-≠n-h-cp-∂p.

AØ-c-samcp bp≤w XpS-ßnbm¬, AsXmcp

BW-h-bp≤w Xs∂-bm-bn-cn-°pw. C≥Uy-bnse

\me©p \K-c-ßƒ Xs∂ C√m-Xm-tb-°psa∂p

At±lw t]m epw hniz-kn-°p-∂p. C≥Uy-bpsS

sXt° A‰-ØmWv tIc-f-Øns‚ ÿm\-sa-¶nepw

Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-c-hpw, sIm®n-bpw, tIm-gn-t°mSpw H∂pw

kpc-£n-X-a-√. P\-d¬ ]d-bp-∂-X-\p-k-cn®v Nne h≥

\-K-c-ß-sfØs∂ kva-am-°m≥ Ign-bpw-hn-[-ap≈

AWzm-bp[ ]lcw Gev]n-°m≥ \Ωp-sSbo Ab¬

cm-Py-Øn\p Icp-Øp-s≠-∂¿∞w. AØ-c-samcp

bp≤-\-S-]Sn D≠m-bm¬, ]mIn-kvXm≥ F∂ tZiw

Xs∂ `q]-S-Øn-ep-≠m-hn√ F∂ Nn¥-bpw, ss[

cyhpw \ΩpsS BW-hm-bp[ tijn-sb-∏‰nbp≈

\s√mcp hne-bn-cp-Ø-em-Wv.

AsX-¥p-am-h-s´, ChnsS Bcpw Pbn-°pw, Bcp

tXm¬ °pw F∂Xp ]iv\-a-√. Pbn-®mepw tXm‰mepw

bp≤m-\-¥cw hnPbw BtLm-jn-°m≥ Bsc-¶nepw

Poh-t\msS Ccp-∂n- p-tht≠?

Cu C≥Uym-˛-]mIv kwL-´\w ]c-kv]-c-ap-≠m-

Im-\n-S-bp≈ sNdp-tXm-Xn-ep≈ Cu AWzm-bp[ ]I-

S-\w, Hcp aq∂m-w temI alm-bp-≤-Øn\p hgn-a-cp-

∂nSn√ F∂-Xn\v F¥m-Wp-d∏v? ]mIn-kvX-ms\ XpW-

bv°m≥ Nne apkvenw cmPy-ßƒ h∂p-Iq-Sm-bvI-bn-

√. A∂v, ]kn-U‚ v _dmIv H_ma \¬Ip∂ bp.-

F- v. ]n ¥pW B¿s°∂p Ct∏mƒ ]h-Nn-°m-\p-

am-hn-√.

CsXms° shdpw km[y-X-Iƒ amX-am-Wv. CXn¬

\n∂pw hyXy-kvX-amb A-\p-`-h-ßfpw ]mT-ßfpw

D≠m-tb-°mw.

bp≤w apgp-tem-I-sØbpw _m[n-°psa∂

Imcyw \n¬°-s´, AXv \mw AlvaZn-Isf s]mXp

sh Fßs\ _m[n°pw F∂p Nn¥n-°mw.

C≥Uy-bn¬ \ΩpsS ]pWy- qan JmZn-bm≥, ]mIv

AXn¿Øn °v AI-se-b-√. ]mIn-kvXm-\nse \ΩpsS

tIµw d_vhbpw AXn¿ Øn-bn¬ \n∂p hnZq-c-Ø-

√. \ΩpsS temI-`q-cn-]-£hpw Ahn-sS-bmWv, d_v

hbn¬. bp≤w Pbn-®mepw tXm‰m-epw, D -b-I-£n-Iƒ

BIWw \SØn ]c-kv]cw \miw hnX-®m-epw,

sImbvXmepw AXv, \mw AlvaZn-Isf Hcp-t]mse

_m[n-°pI Xs∂ sNøpw.

AXn-\m¬ CØ-c-samcp kwL¿jhpw ]Xn-k-

‘nbpw, bp≤hpw Ccp-cm-Py-ßfpw XΩn¬ D≠m-hm-

Xn-cn-°m-\mWv \mw ]m¿∞n-t°-≠-Xv.

Rm\n-sX-gp-Xp-∂Xv Unkw-_¿ 6 i\n-bm-gvN-bm-

Wv. C∂v ]pe¿® 3 aWn-°m-Wv. _-lp-am-\-s∏´ J-

eo^ Xncp-a-\ v sU¬ln-bn¬ \n∂pw t\cn´v e≠-

\n-tebv°v ]d-∂-Xv. At±lw kpc-£n-X-\mbn FØn-

sb∂ ktµ-ihpw Ct∏mƒ In´p-I-bp-≠m-bn. hfsc

\ncm-im-P-\-Ihpw ZpxJ-I-c-hp-amb Hc-h-ÿ-bn¬ JmZn-

bm≥ kµ¿in-°m-\m-hm-sX-bpw, P¬k-bn¬ ]s¶-

Sp-°m≥ Ign-bm-sX-bp-amWv lpkq¿ Xncp-a-\ v aS-

ßn-t∏m-b-Xv. B tJZw a\- n-ep-s≠-¶n-epw, \ap°v

Gsd kt¥m-jn-°p-hm-\p≈ hI-bm-Wv k¿∆-i-‡≥

tIcf PamAØp-Iƒ°pw ae-bmfn AlvaZn-

Iƒ°pw \¬In-bXv; Hcp Jeo-^-bpsS t\cn-´p≈

kµ¿i-\w. ]cn-an-X-amb ka-b-Øn-∂p-≈n-em-bm¬

t]mepw, Hmtcm AlvaZn ktlm-Z-c-\p-ambpw IqSn-°m-

gvNbv°v At±lw k∑-\ v Im´n, \sΩ-sbms°

A\p-K-ln-°bpw sNbvXp. AXn-\v, d∫n-t\mSp

\ap°p \µn ]d-bmw.

Cu teJ\w ]kn-≤o-I-cn-°-s∏- m¬ Xs∂ AXv

ASpØ amk-amhpw; icn°pw ]d-™m¬ ASpØ

h¿jw. At∏m-tgbv°pw Fs¥ms° kw -h-hn-Im-k-

ßƒ cm-PyØpw temIØpw D≠mhpw F∂pw ]h-

Nn-°m-\m-hn-√. F√mw \√-\n-e-bn¬ Iem-in-°s´ F∂p

amXw ]Xym-in-°mw, ]m¿∞n-°bpw sNømw.

bp≤-X¥wbp≤-X¥wbp≤-X¥wbp≤-X¥wbp≤-X¥w\_n( -k) Xncp -ta\n ]d-™-Xmbn

lZvdØv Pm_n¿ (-d) \nth-Z\w sNøp-∂p:

""bp≤w Hcp X¥-am-Ip-∂p.'' AXm-bXv iXp-

°sf Xß-fpsS Dt±-iy-ß-fn¬ \n∂v Ai-≤-

cm-°p-∂Xpw bp≤-X-¥--ß-fpsS mK-am-Ip-∂p.

(A_q Zmhq-Zv)

38


W-ß-fn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°p-∂-h-cm-Wn-h¿. \K-c-Øns‚ lrZ-

b-Øn-ep-≈-sX∂v Rm≥ ]d™ Cu ]≈n henb

hne-]n-Sn-∏p≈ ÿe-ØmWv \ne-sIm-≈p-∂-Xv. CXn-

t\mSv tN¿∂v tImSn-°-W-°n\v cq] hne-a-Xn-°p∂

Hcp tπm´p-≠v. CXv hmßm≥ Ah-¿ tIµ-Øn\v

At]£ sImSp-Øn-cp-∂p. kz¥w \ne-bn¬ hmßpI

F∂v Rm≥ Ah-tcmSv ]d-™p. CXn-s\-°p-dn®v Ah¿

Nn¥n°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. ]t£, Rm≥ t]mb-tXm-Sp-

IqSn ssZhm-\p-K-l-Øm¬ Ah-cn¬ Bth-ihpw

D’m-lhpap-≠mbn. Ah¿ Dd-®-Xo-cp-am-\-sa-Sp-Øp.

Hcp-]mSv ]Whpw kwL-Sn-∏n-®p. Ct∏mƒ Ah¿ kzbw

-Xs∂ AXv hmßm≥ Xocp-am-\n-®n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv.

F∂√ Cu tπmń¬ henb ]¶p≈ Hcp AlvaZn

AXns‚ hne Xm≥ hmßp-I-bn-s√∂pw ]d-bp-I-bp-

≠m-bn. C]-Im-cw -Xs∂ a‰p-≈-hcpw henb kmº-

ØnIXymKw sNbvXp. Cßs\ Rm≥ kwkm-cn-®p-

sIm-≠n-cp∂ Nne an\p- p-Iƒ°p-≈n¬Xs∂ kmº-

Øn-I-ti-j-nbp≈ Ahn-SpsØ AwK-ßƒ B ÿew

hmßm-sa∂v hmKvZm\w sNbvXp. XymKß-fpsS ASn-

ÿm-\-Øn¬ A`n-hr-≤n-s∏-Sp-∂-h-cm-Wn-h¿. A√mlp

]pXnb Alva-Zn-Iƒ°pw ]gb Alva-Zn-Iƒ°pw

bYm¿∞ Ckvem-ans\ FØn-°p-∂-h-cpw Cu at\m-

l-c-amb A[ym-]-\-ßƒ Xß-fn¬ \S-∏m-°p-∂-h-cpw

bYm¿∞ XymK-Øns‚ Bflmhv a\- n-em-°p-∂-h-

cpw Bbn-Øo-cm≥ XuôJv \evIp-amdm-Is´.

tImgn-t°m v, ePv\-bpsS Hcp CPvXn-ambpw sNdp-

Xmbn \S∂p. \mkn-dmØpw ePv\-bp-a-S-ßp∂ \mem-

bn-c-tØmfw AwK-ßƒ CXn¬ ]s¶-Sp-Øn-cp-∂p. bp.-

sI-bnse CPvXn-am-tb-°mƒ IqSp-X-em-bn-tØm-∂n.

A√m-lp-hns‚ A\p-K-l-Øm¬ CXn\v henb

kzm[o-\-ap-≠m-bn. Hmtcm kvXobp-tSbpw Hmtcm

s]Ïp-ń-bp-tSbpw apJØv, ]h¿Øn°p-∂-Xn-

\p≈ Hcp ]pXnb ZrV-\n-›bhpw D’m-lhpw

ImWm-am-bn-cp-∂p. Ah¿ ]I-Sn-∏n-®n-cp-∂-Xp-t]mse

Ah-cpsS ]cn-]m-Sn-Ifpw C\n ]e-bn-cń h¿≤n-∏n-°p-

sa∂v Rm≥ ]Xo-£n-°p-I-bm-Wv. tIc-f-Ønse

ePv\ `mc-X-Ønse ap≥\n-c-bn¬ \nev°p∂ ePv\

kwL-S-\-bm-Wv. ]t£, Ct∏mƒ F\n°v tXm∂p-∂Xv

F√m-h-tcbpw adn-I-S∂v Ch¿ apt∂m´p IpXn-°p-sa-

(10˛¬ \n∂v XpS¿®)(10˛¬ \n∂v XpS¿®)(10˛¬ \n∂v XpS¿®)(10˛¬ \n∂v XpS¿®)(10˛¬ \n∂v XpS¿®) ∂m-Wv. C¥y-bnse a‰p ePv\ aPven-kp-Ifpw Rm≥

]d-bp∂ Imcy-ßƒ tIƒ°p-∂p-≠m-Ipw. Cu Imcy-

ßƒ tI´v Ah-cnepw Bth-i-ap-≠m-bn-Øo-cm\pw

]h¿Ø\-cw-KØv am’-cy-Øns‚ Bflm-hp-≠m-

Im\pw A√mlp A\p-K-ln-°p-am-dm-I-s´. PpapA

JpXzv_ an°-hcpw tI -Xm-Wv. Ahn-sS-\n∂v BZy-am-

bn-´mWv Fw.-Sn.F aptJ\ JpXzv_ kwt]-jWw

sNbvX-Xv. Bbn-c°--W-°n\v AlvaZn-Iƒ AhnsS

FØn-bn-cp-∂p. Hcp tlm -en¬ Pam-AØv dnk-]vj≥

kwL-Sn-∏n-®n-cp-∂p. k¿°m-cp-tZym-K-ÿ-∑mcpw hnZym-

k-º-∂-cp-amb [mcmfw Bfp-Iƒ AXn¬ ]s¶-Sp-

Øp. tabdpw k∂n-ln-X-\m-bn-cp-∂p. At±lw Ckvem-

an-s\-°p-dn®pw AXns‚ apt\m-l-c-amb A[ym-]-\-

sØ-°p-dn®pw hfsc \√ \ne-bn¬ kwkm-cn-°p-I-

bp-≠m-bn. Nne-t∏mƒ Nnebmfp-Iƒ Hcp NS-sß∂

\ne-bn¬ Imcy-ßƒ ]I-Sn-∏n-°m-dp-≠v.

]t£, ]n∂oSv Fs∂ I≠ Nne-bm-fp-Iƒ Imcy-

ßƒ hy‡-ambpw ZrV-ambpw ]I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂Xv I≠-

t∏mƒ Ah¿°v F√m kwK-Xn-Ifpw C„-s∏-ń-´p-

s≠∂v a\- n-em-bn. ]X-ß-fnepw \√-\n-e-bn¬

hm¿Ø ]kn-≤o-I-cn-®n-cp-∂p. CØcw ]cn-]m-Sn-I-fn-

eqsS hnZym-k-º-∂-cmb Bfp-I-fn¬ Ckvem-ans‚

A[ym-]\w FØn-s∏-Sm-dp-≠v. AXn\p ]pdsa ]X-

ßƒ AØcw hm¿Ø-Iƒ ]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-Ibpw

sNbvXp. Ckvem-ans‚ at\m-l-c-amb A[ym-]\w Alva-

Zn-ø-m PamAØn-s‚- ho£-W-Øn¬ hen-b-tXm-Xn¬

FØn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Aßs\ lZvdØv akolv

auDuZn(-A)s‚ BK-a-\-sØ-°p-dn®pw temIw Adn-bp-

∂p.

ae-bm-f- m-j-bnse G‰hpw henb ]X-amb "amXr-

`q-an-'bpsS No v FUn-‰¿ tKm]meIr-jvW≥ tImgn-

t°m´v Rm\p-ambn C‚¿hyq \S-Øp-I-bp-≠m-bn.

AXns‚ hm¿Ø ]X-Øn¬ ]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-Ibpw

sNbvXp. B ]X-Øns‚ hmb-\-°m-cpsS FÆw H∂-

c-t°m-Sn-bn-te-sd-bm-Wv. At±lw aX-]cambpw temI-

]cambpap≈ hnhn[ tNmZy-ßƒ tNmZn-®p-sIm-≠n-

cp-∂p. \√ A`n-]m-b-hp-am-bn- mWv t]mb-Xv. ]t£,

F√m \√ Imcy-ßfpw Xß-fn¬ amXw HXp-°n-\n-dp-

Øm≥ Nne¿ BK-ln-°m-dp-≠v. Xß-fp-tS-Xn¬ amX-

amWv \∑-bp-≈-sX∂v Ah¿ Icp-Xp-∂p. (Xp-S-cpw)

39


CCCCC‚¿\mj-W¬ AkvtSm-W-an

bqWn-b\pw (IAU) bps\-kvtIm

bpw (UNESCO) tN¿∂v Cu h¿jw

(2009) A¥m-cmjvSm tPymXn-im-

kvX-h¿jw (International year of As-tronomy IYA) Bbn BNcn-°m≥

Xocp-am-\n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. ]]-©-

Øn¬ \ap-°p≈ ÿm\-sa-s¥∂v

Xncn-®-dn-bp-I-bmWv h¿jm-N-c-W-

Øns‚ apJy -e£yw F∂v A¥m-

cmjvS A-kvtSm-Wan Cb¿ (IAY)h¿jm-N-cW°Ωn-‰n-bpsS sNb¿

am\pw IAUbpsS ]kn-U-≠p-amb

ImX-dn≥ skkm¿kvIn Hcp ]X-

°p-dn -∏n¬ ]d-bp-I-bp-≠m-bn.

IqSmsX a‰p ASn-ÿm-\-im-kvX-

ßƒ \ΩpsS ssZ\w-Zn\ Pohn-

XsØ Fßs\ _m[n-°p-∂p

F∂ hne-bn-cp-Øepw, kaq-l-

Øns‚ ]ptcm-K-Xn°pw kam-[m-\-

Øn\pw imkvXsØ Fß s\

]tbm-P-\-s∏-SpØmw F∂o e£y-

ßfpw ]cn-]m-Sn-bpsS `mK-am-Wv.

P\-ß-fn¬ imkvX Ah-t_m[w

hf¿Øm\pw ]mtZ-in-I, tZiob

A¥¿tZ-iob Xe-Øn¬ \nc-h[n

]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ Bhn-jvI-cn-®-Xmbn

ImX-dn≥ skkm¿kvIn ]kvXm-

hn-®p. IYAbpsS ssk‰v: www as-tronomy 2009.org. C. -sa -bn¬

AUkv [email protected].

\m∂qdv h¿j-ßƒ°p apºv

A¥m-cmjvS tPymXn-»m-kvX-h¿jwA¥m-cmjvS tPymXn-»m-kvX-h¿jwA¥m-cmjvS tPymXn-»m-kvX-h¿jwA¥m-cmjvS tPymXn-»m-kvX-h¿jwA¥m-cmjvS tPymXn-»m-kvX-h¿jw

apkm-^n¿apkm-^n¿apkm-^n¿apkm-^n¿apkm-^n¿

1609- ¬ InkvXp k -bpsS C≥Izn-

kn-j\v hnt[-b-\mb alm-\mb

C‰m-en-b≥ im-kvX-⁄≥ Keo-

entbm Keoen (1571- 1630) Zqc-Z¿in-

\n-bn-eqsS ]]-©-hn-kva-b-ßƒ

t\m°n-°≠ Bth-i-I-c-amb

kw -h-w A\p-kva-cn-®p-sIm-≠m-Wv

Cu h¿jw A¥m-cmjvS tPymXn-

»mkvX h¿j-ambn BN-cn-°p-

∂Xv. \·-Zr-jvSnsIm≠p≈ ImgvN-

bpsS- 30 Ccń hen -∏-Øn¬

ImWm-hp-∂-Xpw, Cc´ se≥kv D]-

tbm-Kn®v Keo-entbm Xs∂ \n¿

Ωn®Xpamb Zqc-Z¿in-\n-bn-eqsS

I≠ BIm-i-Ønse AXn-i-b-

ßƒ At±-lsØ A¤p-X-kvX-

_v[\m-°n. Ihn-Ifpw Iem-Im-c-

∑mcpw h¿Æn®p hmg vØnb

Nµs‚ K¿Ø-ßƒ \nd™

hnIr-X-apJw Zqc-Z¿in-\n-bn-eqsS

I≠p At± lw sRń. hymg--K-l-

Øn\v qan°v Nµ≥ F∂ t]mse

\mev D]-K-l-ßfpw ipI∂v Nµ-

s\-t∏mse hnhn[ L´-ßfpw

(Phases) kqcy-\nse Idp-Ø-s]m- p-

Ifpw (kq-cy-I-f-¶-ßƒ Sunspots)At± lw I≠p. £oc-]Yw (Milkyway). F∂Xv taLw-t]m-se-bp≈

Hcp ]Imi ]S-e-a-s√∂pw Bbn-

c-°-W-°n\v \£-X-ßƒ IqSn

\nev °p-∂-Xm-sW∂pw At±-l-

Øn\v t_m≤y-am-bn. amX-a-√,

At±-l-Øns‚ Zqc-Z¿in\n BIm-

iØv Bbn-c-°-W-°n\v ]pXnb

\£-X-ß-tfbpw ImWn-®p-sIm-Sp-

Øp. Cßs\ Keo-entbm I≠

BIm-i-hn-kva-b-ßƒ tKmf-im-

kvX-Ønse IpXn-®p-Nm-´-Øn\v

\nZm-\-am-bn. B[p-\nI tKmf-im-

kvX-Øn\v Cu kw -h-tØm-Sp≈

IS-∏m-SmWv A¥m-cmjvS tPymXn-

imkvX h¿jm-N-c-W-Øns‚

A\p-kva-c-W-kw- -h-ambn CXv Xnc-

s™-Sp-°m-\p≈ Imc-Ww.

\nXm-¥-K-l-\hpw A]m-c-kp-

µ-c-hp-amb BIm-i-amWv a\p-

jys‚ ss[j-Wn-I-t_m-[-tØ

bpw imkvX-hn-⁄m-\-tØbpw

hf¿Øn-s°m-≠p-h-∂-Xv. tPymXn-

»mkvXw Jp¿-Bs‚ G‰hpw

]nb-s∏´ Hcp hnj-b-am-Wv. k

jvSm-hns‚ hen-∏-hpw al-Xz-hpw

a\p-jys‚ sNdp-∏hpw \n -lm-

bm-h-ÿbpw a\- n-em-°m≥ CXv

t]mse ]tbm-P-\-I-c-amb as‰mcp

hnj-b-an-√. ]]-©-Ønse ÿqe-

bm-Ym¿∞y-ß-tfbpw hm\-tem-

IsØ ]Xn- m-k-ßtfbpw Nq≠n-

°mń a\p-jys‚ i≤sb ssZhm-

kvXn-Xz-Øn-te°v £Wn-°p∂ Hcp

khn-tij ssien Jp¿-Bs‚

]tXy-I-X-I-fn-sem-∂m-Wv. AXp-

sIm≠v tIhew \new-t\m-°n-I-

fmbn Ign-bmsX \ΩpsS Xe°v

apI-fn-ep≈ hnim-e-amb BIm-i-

40


Øn-te°v ZrjvSn-]m-bn-®p- _rl-Zm-

Imc kzcq-]w Bh-ln®p \nev°p

∂ BIm-isØ kw_-‘n®v

Nn¥n®v kjvSm-hns‚ krjv-Sn-ssh-

`hw a\- n-em-°m≥ Jp¿-B≥

\tΩmSv Bbn-c-Øn-\m-∂qdv h¿j-

ßƒ°v aptº Blzm\w sNbvX-

XmWv. Jp¿-B≥ ]d-bp-∂p: "Xß-

fpsS ta¬`m-K-Øp≈ BIm-i-

tØ°v Ah¿ t\m°n-bn-ńt√?

Fß-s\-bmWv \mw Ahsb

krjvSn-°p-Ibpw AXn¬ hn\y-

kn®v Ae-¶-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn- p-

≈-Xv.' (80:7) kXy-hn-izm-kn-I-

fptSbpw _p≤n-am-∑m-cp-tSbpw AS-

bm-f-ambn Jp¿-B≥ ]d-bp∂ al-

Ømb hN\w Cß-s\-bm-Wv.

"BIm-iß-fp-tSbpw qan-bp-tSbpw

krjvSn-∏nepw Zn\-cm-X-ß-fpsS

am‰-Ønepw Nn¥n-°p-∂-h¿°v AS-

bm-f-ß-fp-≠v. \n¬°p-tºmgpw Ccn-

°p-tºmgpw InS-°p-tºmgpw A√m-

lp-hns\ kvacn-°p-Ibpw BIm-i-

ß-fp-tSbpw qan-bp-tSbpw krjvSn-

sb-°p-dn®v Nn¥n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-

Ibpw sNøp-∂-h-cmtcm Ah¿ HSp-

hn¬ ]dbpw: Rß fpsS \mYm,

Ch-sbm∂pw \o hrYm krjvSn-®-

X√; \o ]c-a-]-cn-ip-≤-\sX (3:191,

192). ho≠pw Jp¿-B≥ ]d-bp∂p:

"]d-bpI" BIm-i-ß-fnepw `qan-

bnepw F-¥mWv kw`-hn-°p-∂-

sX∂v t\m °q. F∂m¬ kXy-

Øn¬ hniz-kn-°mØ P\-ßƒ°v

ZrjvSm-¥-ßfpw ap∂-dn-bn-∏p-Ifpw

Hcp ]tbm-P-\hpw sNøn-√.

(10:102). BIm-i-ß-fnepw `qan-

bnepw FX-sbX ZrjvSm-¥-ßƒ

Ah-bpsS Acn-In-eqsS Ah-sb-

°p-dn®v Nn¥n-°msX Ai-≤-cmbn

Ah¿ IS-∂p-t]m-Ip-∂p.' (12:106)

"Cßn s\ ùXnI imkvX-

ßsf∏‰n ]Tn-°m≥ Blzm\w

sNøp∂ Jp¿-B-\n¬ 700Hmfw

hN-\-ß-fp-≠v. CXv Jp¿-Bs‚

8¬ Ht∂mfw hcpw.

hn.-Jp¿-B-\nse Nne kqd-Øp-

I-fpsS Xe--s°- p-Iƒ Xs∂ tKmf-

im -k v X -kw -_ -‘nbpam -W v .

A∂Pvav (\-£-Xw) A¬J-a¿ (N-

µ≥) Pvdv (]- m-Xw) _pdqPv (\-

£-X -cm-in-Iƒ) kqcy≥ (iw-kv)

cmXn (sse¬).

hmkvX-h-Øn¬ Jp¿-Bs‚

Bth-i-I-c-amb Cu Blzm-\-ß-

fmWv kXyhpw Ak-Xyhpw IqSn-

°-e¿∂ ]ucm -WnI Ko°v

imkvX-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw tKmf-im-

kvXsØ ap‡-am°n apt∂m-´p-

sIm-≠p-t]m-b-Xv. AXp-hsc kqcy-

t\bpw Nµ-t\bpw a‰p ]Ir-Xn-

i-‡nI-tfbpw, F¥n-\-[nIw

\n m-c-amb Fen-tb-bpw, ]mºn-t\-

bpw, hm\cs\-t]mepw a\p-jy≥

]qPn-°pIbpw Ahsb b-s∏-Sp-

Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-∂p. B Ah-ÿ-

bnemWv kqcy\pw Nµ \pw

BIm-i-tKm-f-ß-fp-sa√mw \ns∂

tkhn°m-\mbn krjvSn-®Xpw-

AsX√mw a\p-jy\v A[o-\-s∏-Sp-

Øn-Ø-∂n-cn-°p-∂p-sh-∂p-ap≈

Jp¿-Bs‚ ]Jym-]-\ap≠m-Ip-∂-

Xv. CXv a\p-jys‚ Hu∂-Xy-

sØ∏‰n Ahs\ ]_p-≤-\m-°p-

I-bmWp≠m-b-Xv. Ah-\n¬ `b-

Øn-\p-]-Icw hn⁄m-\m-t\z-j-W-

Øns‚ Hcp ]pXnb i‡n \m

ºn´p. Jp¿-Bs‚ ]Jym-]\w

t\m°q. "Ah≥ kqcy-t\bpw

Nµ-t\bpw c≠pw Ah-bpsS

IrXy-ßƒ ÿnc-ambn \n¿∆-ln-

°p-∂-hn-[-Øn¬ \nßƒ°v tkh-

\-Øn-t\¿s∏-SpØn X∂n-cn-°p-∂p.

(14:34)

imkvX-ß-fpsS cm⁄n-bmb

KWn-X-im-kvXw, BIm-i-tKm-f-ß-

fpsS Ne-\-Øn¬ \n∂mWv a\p-

jy≥ ]Tn-®-sX∂pw BIm-isØ

A√mlp krjvSn-®-Xns‚ Hcpt±i-

a-Xm-sW∂pw Jp¿B≥ hy‡-am-

°p-∂p. "Ah-\sX kqcys\ DPz-

e-tX-P- p-≈Xpw Nµs\ ]Imiw

]Xn-^-en-∏n-°p-∂Xpw h¿j-ß-

fpsS FÆhpw KWn-Xhpw Adn-

bp-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n AXn\v (N-µ-\v)

hnhn[ cmin-a-fi-e-ßƒ) a≥-kn-

ep-Iƒ AY hm (\£-X-`-h-\-

ßƒ) \n¿Æ bn°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-

´p-≈-h≥. hy‡-amb bmYm¿∞y-

Øn\v th ≠n-b-√msX A√mlp

AXv kr jvSn-®n-ń-√. Imcy-ßƒ

Kln-°p∂ P\-ßƒ°v th≠n

Ah≥ ZrjvSm-¥-ßƒ hni-Zo-I-cn-

°p-∂p. (10:6) Jp¿-Bs‚ ]Ya

kzoI¿Øm-°-fmb \nc£-ccpw

KWn-X-⁄m-\-an-√m-Ø-h-cp-amb

Ad-_n-Iƒ KWn-X-im-kvX-Øn¬

hºn® hnπ-h-ßfmWv ]n∂oSv

krjvSn-®Xv. A¬ \km-hn-bmWv

Zimw-i-k-º-Zmbw KWn-X-Øn¬

Bhn-jv°-cn-®Xv. ]qPy-Øns‚

I≠p-]n-Sp-Ø-tØmsS Zimw-i-k-

º-Zmbw KWn-X-Øn¬ \ne-hn¬

hcn-Ibpw AXn\v "Ad-_n°v \yqa-

d¬kv' F∂v t]¿ hcn-Ibpw

sNbvXp. B A°-k-º-Zm-b-amWv

\man-t∏mƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xv.

BIm-i-\n-co-£-W-amWv KWn-X-im-

kvX-Øn¬ apt∂dm≥ Ahsc

klm-bn-®-Xv. AXvhsc hfsc

Zpjv°-chpw henb kwJy-Iƒ

ssIImcyw sNøm≥ Akm-≤y-hp-

amb tdma≥ A° kº-Zm-b-am-bn-

cp∂p \ne-hn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv.

AXn-\p-]-Icw h∂ Ad_n Zimw-

i-k-º-Zm-bw tPymXn-»m-kvXsØ

_lp-Zqcw apt∂m- p-sIm-≠p-t]m-

bn, tPymXn-»m-kvX-Øn¬ henb

kwJy-I-fmWv ssIImcyw sNøm-

\p-≈-sX∂ Imcyw \mtam¿°-Ww.

AXp-t]mse SnK-tWm-saSn (Xn-

41


tIm-W-an-Xn) ]cn-jv°-cn-®Xv Ad-

_n-I-fm-Wv. ssk≥, Sm≥P‚ v,

tIm´m≥ P≥dv apX-emb XntIm-

W-an-Xn-bnse _‘-ßƒ Ah-cmWv

\nP-s∏-Sp -Øn-b-Xv. A¬J-hm-

cnkvan F∂ Ad_n ]fin-X-\mWv

B¬Pn_ (_o-P-K-Wn-Xw) I≠p-

]n-Sn-®-Xv. At±-l-Øns‚ "lnkm-

_p¬ P_¿ h¬ apJm-_ne' F∂

KŸØs‚ t]cn¬ \n∂m-Wv.

"A¬Pn_' F∂ ]Zw \njv]-∂-

am-bXv. "lnkm_v' = IW°v

"P¿_¿' -= ]cn-lmcw ; \n¿[m-c-Ww,

\nhm-cWw apJm-_ne = A`n-ap-Jo-

I-c-Ww, Xmc-ayw, I≠p-ap-´¬

F∂mWv Ad-_n-X-e-hm-N-I-Øn

s‚ A¿∞w. Npcp -°-Øn¬

"lnkm-_p¬ P_¿ h¬ apJm-

_ne (KWn-X- \n¿≤m-c-W hpw

A`n-ap-Jo-I-c-W-hpw) F∂ t]cn¬

\n∂mWv. A¬Pn_ F∂ KWn-

X-im-J-bpsS \maw cq]w sIm

≠Xv. AXp-t]mse A¬J-hm-

cnkvan-bmWv KWn-X-Ønse temK-

cn-X-Øn-t‚bpw D]-PvRm-Xmhv.

A¬J-hm-cnkvan' F∂ t]¿ em‰n-

\n¬ cq]m-¥-c-s∏ v Cw•o-jn-eqsS

D®-cn-®-t∏m-gmWv "temK-cn-X-ambn'

cq]-s∏- -Xv.

`mc-Xob tPymXn-»m-kvX-

Øn¬ ]pcm-W-Imew apX¬Xs∂

hfsc hnI-kn-®-XmWv. ]t£,

kqcy\pw Nµ\pw k©-cn-°p∂

cmin-N-I-Øn-∂p-≈nse \£-X-

ß-fpsS t]cp-Iƒ amXta mc-Xo-

b¿ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p≈q. tPym

Xn-j-Ønse PmX-I-\n¿Ωm-W-Øn-

∂p≈ \mfpw Iqdpw Ipdn-°m-

\mWv AXv Ah¿ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp-

∂-Xv. AizXn apX¬ tchXn hsc

27 \£-X-ß-fmWv Ah¿ ]cn-K-

Wn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ Ad-_n-Iƒ

Im-¥n-hr-Ø-Øn\v (kq-cy\pw

Nµ\pw k©-cn-°p∂ BIm-i-

]mX = Ecliptic) ]pdØv hS°pw

sX°p-ap≈ \£-X-ß-f-S°w 1029

ÿnc-\-£-X-ßsf \nco-£n®v

tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. Ad-_n-

IfpsS tKmf-im-kvX-Xm-ev]-

cysØ CXv kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p. Cw•o-

jnse \£-X-ß-fpsS t]cp-Iƒ

Gsd-°psd apgp-h\pw Xs∂

Ad_n \ma-ßfpsS XZv`-htam

X’-atam BWv. Cw•o-jn¬ \m-

a-ßƒ A¬-˛-hn-´p-I-f-bp-Itbm

Iqń-t®¿°p-Itbm, Ad-_n-\m-a-

ßsf hnIr-X-ambn D®-cn-°p-Itbm

shń-®p-cp-°p-Itbm sN bvX-Xm-Wv.

DZm -l-c -W-Øn\v bYm - Iaw

Ad_n, Cw•o-jv, ae-bm-fw, F∂o

Ia-Øn¬ (1) i¿Xzo≥, sjdm- ¨

(Sheratan) Aiz-Xn (2) _pssXz≥,

t_m s´bv≥ (Botein) `c-Wn (3)

CIveo¬, A¬ CIveo¬ (Ulicleel) ,A-\ngw (4) iue-Øv,

Diviue Ushsoula, aqew (5) cnim,

A¬ dnivim (Alrischa) tchXn

F∂n-ßs\. CXn¬ Ad-_n -

\£X\m-a-ßƒ ]q¿Æ-ambpw

\ncp-‡-]-c-amb A¿∞-ap≈ \ma-

]-Z-ß-fm-Wv. Cw•o-jm-Is´ A¿∞-

an-√mØ shdpw \ma-]-Z-ß-fm-Wv.

]ucm-WnI ]m›mXy tPym

Xn-»m-kvX⁄∑m¿ tNmZyw sN

ømsX kzoI-cn-®n-cp∂ KŸ-amWv

tSmf-an-bpsS "A¬a-PnkvXzo'. Cu

KŸ-\maw Xs∂ Ad-_n-bm-Wv.

'Great Construction' "_rlZv

\n¿ΩnXn' F∂m-W-Xn-\¿∞w.

C_v\p bqkp^v BWv tSmfan

cNn-®-sX∂v ]d-b-s∏-Sp∂ Cu

KŸw Ad-_n-bn-te°v hnh¿

Ø\w sNbvX-Xv. AX√, A¬a-

PnkvXzn Ad-_n-bn¬ Xs∂-bp≈

aqe-K-Ÿ-am-sW∂ i‡-amb

hmZhp-ap-≠v. GXm-bmepw tSmf-an-

bp-sS-Xm-sW-¶n¬ aqe-`m-j-bn¬

B KŸw \ne-hn-en-√m-bn-cp-∂p.

"A¬a-PnkvXzo' F∂ t]cn-ep≈

Ad_n KŸw amX-amWv tem

IØv Ah-ti-jn-®-Xv. tSmf-an-bpsS

tKmf-im--kvX-Nn-¥-Iƒ B[p-\n-I-

temIw Adn-™Xv Cu Ad_n

hnh¿Ø-\-Øn¬ \n∂m-Wv. AXp-

t]mse ]i-kvX-amb \nc-h[n

`mc-Xob tPymXn-»mkvX IrXn-

Iƒ a[y-Im-e-L- -Øn¬ Ad-_n-bn-

te°v hnh¿Ø\w sNø-s∏-ń-´p-

≠v. mc-Xob tPymXn-»m-kvX-K-Ÿ-

amb "kn≤m¥ intcm-aWn' Ad-

_n-bn-te°v C_v\p-ap-k-Ωn¬ Jhm-

cnkvan ]cn- m-j-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn- p-≠v.

A]-Imcw "A¿Pp-_vl¿' F∂v

Ad-_n-bn¬-A-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂ tPym

Xn»mkvX ]fin-X≥ ]ucm-WnI

`mc-Xob tPymXn-»mkvX ]Xn-

`bmb \ΩpsS Bcy- -\m-sW∂pw

]d-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. A¿Zp-_n-bkv

(Ardubrius) F∂mWv At±-lw

Cw•o-jn¬ Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.

A¥m-cmjvS tPymXn-»m-kvX-

h¿jw BN-cn-°p-tºmƒ Jp¿-

B\pw ]q¿∆-Ime apkvenwIfpw

tKmf-im-kvX-Øn\v \¬Inb

kw`m-h-\-Iƒ AXp-ey-am-sW∂

hkvXpX \mw AwKo-I-cn-t°-≠n-

bn-cn-°p-∂p. hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥

\¬Inb ]tNm-Z\w H∂p-sIm≠v

amX-amWv Cusbmcp IpXn-®p-

Nm´w imkvX-cw-K-Øp-≠m-b-Xv.

AtXm-sSm∏w Xs∂ C°m-eØv

e÷m-I-c-amw-hn[w apkvenw tem

Iw AkvtSm-W-an-bn¬ \n∂pw ]nd-

tIm- p-t]m-Ip-Ibpw AXv A h¿°v

Xo¿Øpw A]-cn-Nn-X-amb Hcp

imkvX-am-bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw sNbvXn-

cn-°p∂p F∂ bmYm¿∞yhpw

\mw AwKo-I-cn-t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

A¥m-cmjvS tPymXn-imkvX

h¿jm-N-cWw Cu Zpc-h-ÿ°v

Aev]-sa-¶nepw Hcp ]cn-lm-c-ap-

≠m-°psa∂v \ap°v ]Xym-in-

°mw.

sI.-F-kv. A_q-_-°¿, hn.-F.

Imknw, keo-a, kplvd, k¬a,

Aa-Øp¬ \ôk. ]tc-X\v

A√mlp P∂Øpw aKv^n-dØpw

\¬In A\p-K-ln-°-s´.

sI.-]n. apl-ΩZvsI.-]n. apl-ΩZvsI.-]n. apl-ΩZvsI.-]n. apl-ΩZvsI.-]n. apl-ΩZv

Imknw kmln_vImknw kmln_vImknw kmln_vImknw kmln_vImknw kmln_v

tImgn-t°mSv: amtØm´w Pam-

A-Ønse sI. -]n . apl-ΩZ v

Imknw kmln_v (84) Unkw-_¿

12 sh≈n-bmgvN A¥-cn-®p. C∂m-

en-√m-ln...

`mcy: _n®m-bn-i. a°ƒ :

sI.-]n. A_vZp-∂m-k¿, sI.-]n.

A_vZp-»p-°q¿, sI.-]n. A_vZp¬

Icow, sI-.]n. dô°v AlvaZv,

adn-bw-_n, k^n-b, acp-a-°ƒ:

auehn A_vZp¿ dln-am≥ ]S∂auehn A_vZp¿ dln-am≥ ]S∂auehn A_vZp¿ dln-am≥ ]S∂auehn A_vZp¿ dln-am≥ ]S∂auehn A_vZp¿ dln-am≥ ]S∂

aX-]-fin-X\pw KŸ-Im-c-\p-

amb auehn A_vZp¿ dln-am≥

(]-S-∂) \h-º¿ 5\v \ncym-X-\m-bn.

tIc-f-ØnepS\ofw hnhn[ Ppam-

a--kvPn-Zp-I-fn¬ JØo-_mbpw Ad-

_nIv tImtf-Pp-I-fn¬ A[ym-]-I-

\mbpw tkh-\-a-\p-jvTn-®n-cp∂

Ct±lw ss_AØv sNbvXv Pam-

A-Øn¬ ]th-in-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-

∂p. XpS¿∂v hnhn[ AlvaZnøm

Pam-A-ØpI-fn¬ apA-√n-ambn

]h¿Øn-®n -cp -∂p. `mcy-am¿:

ssk\-_, l^vk-Øv. a°ƒ :

A_vZp¿ dioZv, apl-ΩZv bmkn¿,

Ip™-_vZp-√, k-ep¿ dlvam≥,

ko\-Øv, iwim-Zv, iwko-d, \lo-

d. acp-a-°ƒ: apl-Ω-Zv, apl-ΩZv

Ip™n, A_vZp-ip-°q¿, i_m\,

kpl-d, dio-Zv.

sI.-hn. _io¿ AlvaZv kmln_vsI.-hn. _io¿ AlvaZv kmln_vsI.-hn. _io¿ AlvaZv kmln_vsI.-hn. _io¿ AlvaZv kmln_vsI.-hn. _io¿ AlvaZv kmln_v

tImgn-t°mSv Pam-A-Ønse

sI.-hn. Cuk-t°mb kmln-_n-

s‚ ktlm-Z-c≥ sI.-hn. _io¿

AlvaZv (51) Unkw-_¿ 13 i\n-

bmgvN Hcp hml-\m-]-I-SsØ

XpS¿∂p saUn-°¬ tImtfPv

Bip-]-Xn-bn¬ sh®v A¥-cn-®p.

C∂m-en-√m-ln....

`mcy : aplvkn\. a°ƒ :

lmin¿, lmin-_, acp-a-I≥:

apjvXmJv (I-cp-fm-bn). ]tc-X∂v

A√mlp P∂Øpw aKv^ndØpw

\¬In A\p-K-ln-°-s´.

lko\ kmln_lko\ kmln_lko\ kmln_lko\ kmln_lko\ kmln_

tImgn-t°mSv : tImgn-t°mSv

Pam-A-Ønse am¬ skI- cn d^n

AlvaZv km-ln_n (\u-jn¿)s‚

]Xv\nbpw a¿lpw Aº-e-Øn¬

alvaqZv kmln_v (]-g-b-ßm-Sn)-

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(40) 20-˛12-˛2008\v tImgn-t°m´v

sh®v A¥-cn-®p. C∂m-en-√m-ln.....

a°ƒ : Ban\ dô AlvaZv,

Aam≥ Ja-dp -±o≥. ]tc-X°v

A√mlp P∂Øpw aKv^ndØpw

\¬In A\p-K--ln-°-s´.

Ckvemam -_mZ v : 2008

sk]vXw-_-dn¬ c≠v AlvaZn-Iƒ

h[n-°-s∏-´-Xn-\p-tijw ho≠pw

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∏q-cnse AlvaZnøm PamAØv

]kn -U≠v tUm. apl-ΩZ v

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cambn BI-an-°-s∏-´-Xv.

tUm. apl-ΩZ v Akvew

AlvaZn tUmIvS¿ BI-an-°-s∏´pAlvaZn tUmIvS¿ BI-an-°-s∏´pAlvaZn tUmIvS¿ BI-an-°-s∏´pAlvaZn tUmIvS¿ BI-an-°-s∏´pAlvaZn tUmIvS¿ BI-an-°-s∏´pX-I-c-amb coXn-bn¬ tUmIvS¿

c£-s∏-Sp-I-bm-Wp≠m-b-Xv. Igp-

Ønepw inc- nepw IptØ‰

tUm. Akvew kmln_v ASp-

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]m]n-®p-h-cp-∂p. 1984-\p-tijw 90-

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\n¬ h[n-°-s∏SpI-bp-≠m-bn.

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Wv.

kmln-_ns‚ ¢n\n-°n-te°v Hcp

tcmKn-sb∂ hymtP\ h∂ AI

an ITm-cn-sIm≠v IpØn apdn-

th¬∏n-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. A¤p-

Fw.-H./Un.-Un. Ab-t°≠ hnemkwFw.-H./Un.-Un. Ab-t°≠ hnemkwFw.-H./Un.-Un. Ab-t°≠ hnemkwFw.-H./Un.-Un. Ab-t°≠ hnemkwFw.-H./Un.-Un. Ab-t°≠ hnemkw

amt\-P¿amt\-P¿amt\-P¿amt\-P¿amt\-P¿

kXy-Zq-X≥kXy-Zq-X≥kXy-Zq-X≥kXy-Zq-X≥kXy-Zq-X≥AlvaZnøm apkvenw Pam-AØvAlvaZnøm apkvenw Pam-AØvAlvaZnøm apkvenw Pam-AØvAlvaZnøm apkvenw Pam-AØvAlvaZnøm apkvenw Pam-AØv

Pn.-F-®v. tdmUv, tImgn-t°m-Sv.Pn.-F-®v. tdmUv, tImgn-t°m-Sv.Pn.-F-®v. tdmUv, tImgn-t°m-Sv.Pn.-F-®v. tdmUv, tImgn-t°m-Sv.Pn.-F-®v. tdmUv, tImgn-t°m-Sv.

t^m¨ : 9446482108t^m¨ : 9446482108t^m¨ : 9446482108t^m¨ : 9446482108t^m¨ : 9446482108

kXy-Zq-X≥kXy-Zq-X≥kXy-Zq-X≥kXy-Zq-X≥kXy-Zq-X≥

hne : H‰-]Xn 15 cq]hne : H‰-]Xn 15 cq]hne : H‰-]Xn 15 cq]hne : H‰-]Xn 15 cq]hne : H‰-]Xn 15 cq]hm¿jnI hcn-kwJy : 150 cq]hm¿jnI hcn-kwJy : 150 cq]hm¿jnI hcn-kwJy : 150 cq]hm¿jnI hcn-kwJy : 150 cq]hm¿jnI hcn-kwJy : 150 cq]

hmbn-°p-I, hcn -°m-cm-hpI!hmbn-°p-I, hcn -°m-cm-hpI!hmbn-°p-I, hcn -°m-cm-hpI!hmbn-°p-I, hcn -°m-cm-hpI!hmbn-°p-I, hcn -°m-cm-hpI!

83 h¿jw ]n∂n´ ae-bm-f-Ønse83 h¿jw ]n∂n´ ae-bm-f-Ønse83 h¿jw ]n∂n´ ae-bm-f-Ønse83 h¿jw ]n∂n´ ae-bm-f-Ønse83 h¿jw ]n∂n´ ae-bm-f-Ønse

CkvemanI amknICkvemanI amknICkvemanI amknICkvemanI amknICkvemanI amknI

44


d¯-s¡w · 3 2009 p\p-hcn ap¡m´ \qäm›v ]n¶n« ae-bm-f-ﬂnse gi ckvemani {]kn-†o-i-cww...

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