D-Cell 60

DIAGON® Ltd.

02.04.2006 Dubai

Clinical HaematologyClinical Haematology & &

Cell CountingCell Counting

Prepared By IHSAN M. Said

DIAGON® Ltd.

02.04.2006 Dubai

CLINICAL HAEMATOLOGYClinical haematology plays a primary role in

any laboratory. Haematological test are one of the first type ordered by the doctor to determine if his patient has any type of disease

To help you understand haematology we will look at what blood is, how it is best measured and what it looks like under the microscope

DIAGON® Ltd.

02.04.2006 Dubai

CLINICAL HAEMATOLOGYCLINICAL HAEMATOLOGYVarious blood cells on a slideVarious blood cells on a slide

Eosiniphil

Lymphocyte

Monocyte

Neutrophil

Platelet

Basophil

Red Blood Cell

DIAGON® Ltd.

02.04.2006 Dubai

What is BloodWhat is Blood

Blood components Function

1. Red Blood Cell (RBC) Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide around the body

2. White Blood Cell (WBC) Fight Infection

3. Platelet (PLT) Stop bleeding

4. Plasma Transport RBC, WBC, PLT and act as a buffer to maintain body pH

Red Blood CellsWhite Blood Cells Platelets

Normal density 4.5 – 5.5 x1012 cells/l 5 – 10 x109 cells/l 150 – 450 x109 cells/l

Nucleated? No* Yes No

Sub-populationsand their %

RBC: 99.9%*NRBC (Nucleated RBC)0.1%

GRAnulocytes: 65%NEUtrophil: 60%EOSinophil: 4%BASophil: 1%

LYMphocytes: 30%MONOcytes: 5%

Shape, size Biconcave (donut) shape diameter: 7-8 µm thickness: 1.8-2 µm

GRAnulocytes: 13-16 µmLYMphocytes: 8-15 µmMONocytes: 15-25 µm

Fragments with adiameter of 2-4 µm

Volume of cell 80 – 100 fl 50 – 1500 fl (native) 5 – 15 fl

Volumetric % in whole blood 45 % 0.1 % 0.3 %

Cell composition of whole human blood

DIAGON® Ltd.

02.04.2006 Dubai

DIAGON® Ltd.

02.04.2006 Dubai

Red Blood CellsRed Blood CellsClinical RelevanceClinical Relevance

RBC Low in anaemia, high in polycythaemia & thalassaemia

Hgb Low in anaemia

Hct Low in anaemia, high in polycythaemia

MCV Low or high depending on abnormality

MCH Low or high depending on abnormality

MCHC Quality control parameter

RDW Low in thalassaemia, high in iron defidiency

DIAGON® Ltd.

02.04.2006 Dubai

White Blood CellsWhite Blood Cells5 Types5 Types

Lymphocytes Make antibodies and fight infections

Monocytes Help lymphocytes fight viruses

Granulocytes: Neutrophil Eosinophil Basophil

Fight bacterial and protozoal infections Low in immunosuppressed patients , high in infection and leukaemias

DIAGON® Ltd.

02.04.2006 Dubai

Platelets Platelets Clinical relevanceClinical relevance

PLT count Low count may cause bleeding High count may cause vessel occlusion

MPV

Large platelets are more active than small platelets

Cell counting principle

White Blood Cell, Red Blood Cell and Platelet are counted and sized by the Electrical Impedance Method.

D-Cell 60

DIAGON® Ltd.

D-Cell 60

DIAGON® Ltd.

02.04.2006 Dubai

Counting Principle

1.Volumetric Impedance Method

electrical Impedance Method

Cross section ofRBC aperture

Oscilloscope screen

RBCs

PLT

+ -

Passage of a RBC & Plt through aperture

Pulse from RBC

Pulse from PLT

DIAGON® Ltd.

DIAGON® Ltd.

02.04.2006 Dubai

Sensing Zone

Red Blood Cell

A red cell passes A red cell passes through RBC through RBC apertureaperture

The Counting principleThe Counting principle

OscilloscopeOscilloscope

DIAGON® Ltd.

02.04.2006 Dubai

Oscilloscope

Sensing Zone

Neutrophil

A White cell A White cell passes through passes through WBC apertureWBC aperture

Counting principleCounting principle

Oscilloscope

DIAGON® Ltd.

DIAGON® Ltd.

02.04.2006 Dubai

Applying ThresholdsApplying Thresholdsto separate Plt from RBCto separate Plt from RBC

20 fl

2 fl

Base line

RBC of various sizes

Platelets

DIAGON® Ltd.RBC Histogram

Normal Distribution Histogram in Normal samples

DIAGON® Ltd.

02.04.2006 Dubai

RBC histogram

RBC population

256 channel high resolution RBC histogram display cell population data between 24 and 350 fl

DIAGON® Ltd.Platelet Histogram

Normal Log Histogram in Normal samples

DIAGON® Ltd.WBC Histogram

3 Part Diff

WBC histogram

Lymphocyte Monocyte Granulocyte

256 channel high resolution WBC histogram display cell population data between 35 and 450 fl

DIAGON® Ltd.

DIAGON® Ltd.

02.04.2006 Dubai

WBC histogram

LympMono

Eos

Neut

Baso

D-Cell 60

DIAGON® Ltd.

02.04.2006 Dubai

HGB Measurement Method

DIAGON®

D-Cell 60

Fully automatic 3-part diff haematology analyser

DIAGON®

D-Cell 60

General Introduction:

Which parameters are determined?

What are the main features and specifications?

What makes D-CELL 60 convenient for the customer ?

DIAGON®

D-Cell 60 Parameters

3 p a r t d i f f , 1 9 p a r a m e t e r s Measured parameters• RBC, WBC, HGB, MCV, PLT Derived parameters• LYM#, MON#, GRN#, LYM%, MON%, GRN%

• HCT, MCH, MCHC, RDW-CV, RDW-SV• PCT, MPV, PDW

DIAGON®

D-Cell 60 FeaturesMeasuring system: Particle counting: Impedance methode

2 channels (RBC+PLT / WBC)

HGB measurement: Photometric methode (525 nm)

photometer incl. in WBC channel

3-part differentiation: derived from histogram

Direct volumetric system for determination of count volume

Throughput: 60 samples / hour

DIAGON®

D-Cell 60 FeaturesSampling system:

Open tube sampling: pipettor system Sample volume: 13 µl Pre-dilute mode: for capillary samples

diluent dispensing for 1st dilution step

sample volume: 20 µl

D-Cell 60 Features

Reagent system: Diluent: 31101 Diaton-D-Diluent (20 ltr.)

Lyse: 31102 Dia-Lyse-D (500 mL)

Detergent: 31103 Dia-Rinse-D (5 ltr.)

Enzymatic Cleaner: 31104 Dia-Clean-D (100 mL)

Probe-Cleaner: 31105 Dia-Probe-Clean-D (50mL)

Fill level monitoring for each reagent container

DIAGON®

DIAGON®

D-Cell 60 Features

• User Interface: 10“ Colour LCD screen, 256 colours Results and 3 histograms on one screen Numeric keyboard with 9 function keys External keyboard and barcode scanner optional Built-in thermo or external printer Data communication port Large internal memory (20.000 samples with histogram)

DIAGON®

D-Cell 60 Features

Quality Control- Control Blood data input / edit

- 9 separate files

- Each file stores 31 QC mesurment

- Graphical presentation ( 4 par. on one screen )

- Table presentation

X-B Analysis available (Dr. Brian Bull)- Monitoring MCH , MCHC and MCV

- Graph and Table

DIAGON®

D-Cell 60 FeaturesCalibration:

-Auto Calibration ( up to 5 measurements )-Manual Calibration

Data review-Several search options ( by name, data, ID …)-Review both results and histograms for each patient

DIAGON®

D-Cell 60 Benefits Low sample volume (13 µL ) Low reagent consumption High analytical precision Simple operation concept Efficient Throughput (60 sampls / hour) Large, bright colour LCD screen

DIAGON®

D-Cell 60 Benefits User convenience

- Only one key stroke to start measurement

- Simple, Windows oriented software structure

- Reagent containers with level sensor

- Minimized maintenance requirements

Powerful data management- Results and histograms on one screen

- 20.000 results incl. histograms in memory

- Efficient QC data management