Utilization of Zero-Valent Iron nanoparticles (nZVI) for in-situ

groundwater remediation

Ing. Jan Slunský, NANO IRON, s.r.o.

Czech Nano ShowcaseOctober 6-10, 2014; USA West Coast

Presentation outline

• Introduction

– Company

– Application (groundwater remediation)

– Product (zero-valent iron nanoparticles)

• Application experience

• NANOREM project

• Conclusions

2www.nanoiron.cz

NANO IRON company profile

• NANO IRON, s.r.o. established in 2008

• Zero-Valent Iron nanoparticles (nZVI) industrial production in large quantities

• Worldwide distribution

• Technical support

• Technology development

• Scientific research

3www.nanoiron.cz

University

ProductionRemediation

Laboratory dispersing unit

Groundwater Remediation

Permeable Barrier (PRB)

In-situ groundwater remediation

Pump-and-treat

4www.nanoiron.cz

In-Situ Chemical Reduction (http://oceanworld.tamu.edu/resources/environment-book/groundwaterremediation.html)

Zero-Valent Iron

• Zero-Valent Iron, ZVI, Fe(0), elemental iron

• Environmentally friendly– ZVI reduction properties are used in groundwater

remediation: PRB – microFe – nanoFe

• Particle size– Migration properties

– Easy injection = in-situ application directly into the well

– Surface area = reactivity and removal efficiency of contaminants

5www.nanoiron.cz

Product characteristics

• Average particle size: 50nm

• Narrow particle size distribution: 20-100nm

• Average surface area: 20-25m2/g

BET adsorption-desorption isotherms XRD pattern Mössbauer spectrum

6www.nanoiron.cz

nZVI APPLICATIONmatter of time

15-60 days

1 day

SLURRY MANUFACTURING SHIPPING STORAGE DILUTION INJECTION

Conventional delivery and application process of nZVI

7www.nanoiron.cz

SLURRY MANUFACTURING

POWDER SHIPPING STORAGE DILUTION INJECTION

Innovative application process of nZVI

nZVI REMEDIATION EXAMPLE

www.nanoiron.cz

KARA TRUTNOV

• Fur processing site

• Contamination: Chlorinated ethenes (PCE, TCE, DCE, VC) and chromium (Cr6+)

• Previous treatment: pump&treat, venting, vapor deposition, ISCO

9www.nanoiron.cz

KARA TRUTNOVlaboratory study

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

c [

µg

/L]

time [days]

ME-24: PCE

SOIL + 0 g/L nZVI SOIL + LACTATE + 0 g/L nZVI SOIL + 1 g/L nZVI

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

c [

mg

/L]

time [days]

ME-24: Cr6+

SOIL + 0 g/L nZVI SOIL + LACTATE + 0 g/L nZVI SOIL + 1 g/L nZVI

10www.nanoiron.cz

KARA TRUTNOVpilot injection

NANOFER 25S

• 200kg

• 2 injection wells

Chemical composition of ground water - well ME-24 parameter unit September 8th September 20th October 22nd October 31st

pH - 6,94 8,58 7,98 7,87

Total chromium (Cr tot.) mg/L 42,5 <0,001 0,874 <0,001

Hexavalent chromium (Cr6+)

mg/L 42,2 <0,005 0,873 <0,005

Vinylchloride (VC) μg/L 278 70,4 <4 <4trans-1,2-Dichlorethene (t-DCE)

μg/L 14,1 1,9 <1 <1

1,1-Dichlorethene (DCE) μg/L 4,4 <1 <1 <1cis-1,2-Dichlorethene (c-DCE)

μg/L 2340 1060 3,1 18,9

Trichlorethene (TCE) μg/L 642 92,4 1,64 <0,50Tetrachlorethene (PCE) μg/L 903 62,6 3,77 <0,50sum of CHC including VC μg/L 4182 1287 8,5 18,9

11www.nanoiron.cz

injection

OTHER SITES and STUDIES

• Pilot injection (CHC) in CZ, SK, FR, NL, B, DK, USA

• Pilot injection (metals) in Portugal

• Pilot injection (pesticides) in CZ

• Fullscale remediation in CZ

• Laboratory study (TNT) in Portugal

• Mine tailings remediation (CAN, CZ)

• Wastewater treatment (selenium, arsenic, chromium, …)

• More than 20 tons of NANOFER 25S applied on various sites around Europe.

• Others: 350 free-samples of NANOFER products shipped wordwide in past years, 75 to USA and Canada, mainly to universities, research institutes and remediation companies.

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

2,4-Dinitrotoluen 2,6-Dinitrotoluen 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluen

[ug/

l]

blank 0,125 g/L 1 g/L

12www.nanoiron.cz

13

NANOREM (EU FP7 Project)

14www.nanoiron.cz

Nanotechnology solutions for in-situ soil and groundwater remediation NMP.2012.1.2-1

Project No: 309517

CONCLUSION

CHALLENGES in R&D• Product development

– Air stable nZVI

– nZVI based nanocomposites (Fe3C-C having 80m2/g)

– Combined methods (lactates, vegetable oil, …)

– Ferrates (oxidation technology)

15www.nanoiron.cz

BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES• Groundwater remediation contractors and consultants

– Implementation of nZVI technology

• New segments in future (wastewater treatment)

Acknowledgement

Palacký University Olomouc – Prof. Radek Zbořil at al.

EKORA – Mgr. Ondřej Stískal at al.

16www.nanoiron.cz

LAC, Ltd. – production of industrial technologies.Technical background for technology development.

Taking Nanotechnological Remediation Processes from Lab Scale to End User Applications for the Restoration of a Clean Environment. This project has received funding from the European Union Seventh

Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement No. 309517

Thank you for your attention

Contact:

Ing. Jan Slunský

slunsky@nanoiron.cz

www.nanoiron.cz

2011 2009 2013