cywókg©x cÖwkÿy mnvwqkv...n‡z cv‡i • acywó‡z avµvšÍ wkï‡`i cªwz ¸iæz¡...

cywóKg©x cÖwkÿY mnvwqKvA¨vKzqvKvjPvi: BbwµwRs BbKvg, WvBfvwm©dvBs Wv‡qUm, A¨vÛ GgcvIqvwis I‡gb Bb evsjv‡`k

02

m¤úv`bv

mvqgv AviRygvb kvnxb, Iqvì©wdk evsjv‡`k

mygvBqv ZvmwKb, eª¨vK evsjv‡`k

wid&dvZ Aviv, eª¨vK evsjv‡`k

cÖKvkbvq

A¨vKzqvKvjPvi: BbwµwRs BbKvg, WvBfvwm©dvBs Wv‡qUm, A¨vÛ GgcvIqvwis I‡gb Bb evsjv‡`k

Iqvì©wdk evsjv‡`k

cÖ”Q`, eª¨vwÛs

†mvnive †nv‡mb, Iqvì©wdk evsjv‡`k

A_©vq‡b

wej A¨vÛ †gwjÛv †MUm dvD‡Ûkb

d‡Uv‡µwWU (cÖ”Q`)

d‡Uv G‡RwÝR/Iqvì©wdk

cÖKvkKvj

†g, 2020

gy`ª‡Y

wkK`vi G›UvicÖvBR, 290/2 dwKivcyj, gwZwSj, XvKv-1000

Iqvì©wdk evsjv‡`‡ki wewfbœ cÖK‡íi cywó Kvh©µ‡gi Z_¨-DcvË I djvdj Aej¤^‡b G cy¯ÍKwU m¤úv`bv Kiv

n‡q‡Q| GB cÖKvkbvq gyw`ªZ gZvgZ I Z_¨ cÖKv‡ki `vq m¤úv`bv cwil‡`i GKvšÍB wbR¯^| GwU †Kvbfv‡eB

`vZv‡Mvôxi gZvg‡Zi cÖwZdjb bq|

cywóKg©x cÖwkÿY mnvwqKvA¨vKzqvKvjPvi: BbwµwRs BbKvg, WvBfvwm©dvBs Wv‡qUm, A¨vÛ GgcvIqvwis I‡gb Bb evsjv‡`k

03

m~wPcÎ

Awa‡ekb 1 05

Awa‡ekb 2 09

Awa‡ekb 3 14

Awa‡ekb 4 20

Awa‡ekb 5 26

Awa‡ekb 6 60

Awa‡ekb 7 64

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05

Awa‡ekb 1

GB †mkb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY-

• Lv`¨ I cywó m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb

• Lv‡`ï †kªwY wefvM I mylg Lv`¨ m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡eb

• Acywó, Acywói djvdj, †kªwY wefvM I Acywói KviY m¤ú‡K© AeMZ n‡eb

Kvh©µg 1: Lv`¨ I cywói aviYv

mnvqK mKj AskMÖnYKvix‡K Lv`¨ I cywó ej‡Z wK ey‡Sb wRÁvmv Ki‡eb Ges Db¥y³ Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb

1. 1 Lv`¨

Lv`¨ n‡”Q Ggb KZ¸‡jv cÖ‡qvRbxq Dcv`v‡bi mgwó hv MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g kix‡ii ¯^vfvweK e„w× I Kg©ÿgZv eRvq

_v‡K, ÿqc~iY I wewfbœ Kv‡Ri Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq kw³ †hvMvb †`q Ges m‡ev©cwi †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ÿgZv ˆZix K‡i|

Lv`¨ Dcv`vb I Drm

Lv‡`ï †hme ivmvqwbK c`v_© †`‡ni KvR myôzfv‡e m¤úbœ K‡i †m¸‡jvB Lv`¨ Dcv`vb bv‡g cwiwPZ| Lv‡`ï

Dcv`vb 6 cÖKvi, G¸‡jv n‡”Q-

mnvqK AskMÖnYKvix‡ì wZbwU `‡j fvM Ki‡eb Ges dzW Kv‡W©i †mU cÖ`vb Ki‡eb| wZbwU `‡j ÿqc~iY I

e„w×Kvix Lv`¨, Zvc I kw³ Drcv`bKvix Lv`¨ I †ivM cÖwZ‡ivaKvix Lv`¨ Gi ZvwjKv Ki‡Z ej‡eb|

..........................

cywóKg©x cÖwkÿY mnvwqKv

06

cywó

cywó n‡”Q Ggb GKwU cÖwµqv hvi gva¨‡g MÖnY Kiv Lv`¨ †kvwlZ n‡q kix‡i Zvc I kw³ Drcbœ K‡i, kix‡ii e„w×

mvab K‡i, kix‡i †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ÿgZv m„wó K‡i|

cywóKi Lv`¨

- †hme Lv`¨ †L‡j kix‡i Zvc I kw³ Drcvw`Z nq, †`‡ni MVb e„w× nq, kixi mej, Kg©¶g I wb‡ivM

_v‡K Zv-B cywóKi Lv`¨|

Lv`¨ I cywó G‡K Ac‡ii mv‡_ RwoZ| †h‡Kvb Lv`¨ MÖnY Ki‡jB n‡e bv, Zv Aek¨B n‡Z n‡e cywóKi

Ges wbivc`|

- cywóKi Lv`¨ MÖnY bv Ki‡j †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv K‡g hvq Ges kix‡i wewfbœ ai‡Yi †ivM nq| cywóKi

Lvevi MÖnY Ki‡j kixi I gb DfqB fv‡jv _v‡K|

mylg Lv`¨

mylg Lv`¨ n‡”Q †mB Lv`¨ hv‡Z Lv‡`ï me cywó Dcv`vb †`‡ni cÖ‡qvRb g‡Zv, eqm, †ckv I wj½ †f‡` mwVK gvÎvq _v‡K|

A_v©r mylg Lv`¨ n‡jv Ggb GKwU Lvevi hv‡Z kw³`vqK, kixi e„w×KviK I †ivM cÖwZ‡ivaK Dcv`vb cwigvY g‡Zv

i‡q‡Q|

Lv`¨ Dcv`vb Drm

1. †k¦Zmvi ev kK©iv (Kv‡e©vnvB‡WªU) fvZ, iæwU, Avjy, gywo, wPov, ˆL, wPwb, gay BZ¨vw`

2. Avwgl (†cÖvwUb) gvQ, gvsm, wWg, `ya, Wvj, ev`vg, exwP BZ¨vw`

3. †Zj I Pwe© †Zj, gvQ - gvs‡mi Pwe©, gvLb, wN BZ¨vw`

4. wfUvwgb `ya, wWg, KwjRv, me ai‡Yi kvK-me&wR, dj BZ¨vw`

5. LwbR Dcv`vb gvQ, gvsm, KwjRv, `ya, wWg, Mvp meyR kvK- me&wR, jeY BZ¨vw`

6. cvwb Av‡m©wbK I RxevYygy³ wbivc` cvwb

Kvh©µg 2: mgq 25 wgwbU

KvR Abyhvqx Lv‡`ï †kªYx wefvM

1. ¶qc~iY I e„w×Kvix Lv`¨: (Avwgl RvZxq) †hgb: gvQ, gvsm, mqvweb I Ab¨vb¨ Wvj, `ya, wWg, wk‡gi

exwP, †QvU gvQ, eo gvQ, KwjRv BZ¨vw`

2. Zvc I kw³ Drcv`bKvix Lv`¨: (kK©iv I Pwe© RvZxq) †hgb: fvZ, iæwU, Avjy, ¸o, wPwb, wgwó Avjy,

cvDiæwU, †Zj, gvLb, wN, Pwe©, gay, ¸o, we¯‹zU, ev`vg, bvi‡Kj BZ¨vw`

3. †ivM cÖwZ‡ivaKvix Lv`¨: (wfUvwgb I LwbR mg„×) †hgb: Mvp njy` I meyR i‡Oi me ai‡Yi kvK-me&wR

I djg~j, cvKv Avg, cvKv Zvj, cvKv †cu‡c, cvKv KuvVvj, Avbvim, †cqviv, AvgjwK, Avgov, Kjv, †jey,

MvRi, wgwóKzgov, wkg, †QvU gvQ, `ya, wWg, KwjRv BZ¨vw`

Kvh©µg 2: Acywó, Acywói KviY I djvdj

mnvqK AskMÖnYKvixMY‡K `yBwU `‡j fvM K‡i †`‡eb| 1g `j‡K Acywói KviY mg~‡ni ZvwjKv ˆZix Ki‡Z

ej‡eb Ges 2q `j‡K Acywói djvdj ev cwibwZi ZvwjKv Ki‡Z ej‡eb Ges Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ej‡eb| GRb¨

Zviv 10 wgwbU mgq cv‡e, Zv‡ì mwVK aviYvi cÖksmv Ki‡eb Ges †h¸‡jv mwVK bs †m¸‡jv my›ìfv‡e e¨vL¨v

Ki‡eb| †Kvb welq ev` c‡o †M‡j †m¸‡jv wb‡qI Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb|


07

mgqt 20 wgwbU

1. 2 Acywó

cÖ‡qvR‡bi Zzjbvq AwZwi³ wKsev Achv©ß Lv`¨ MÖn‡Yi d‡j †`‡n †h Ae¯’vi (K…kKvq ev ¯’yjZv) m„wó nq Zv‡K

Acywó e‡j| Dbœqbkxj †`‡k Acywó ej‡Z cywónxbZv A_¨©vr Lv‡`ï Afve‡K †evSvq|

Acywói cÖavb KviYmg~n:

• `vwi`ª¨

• Lv‡`ï Ach©vßZv

• Kg IRb wb‡q Rb¥ MÖnY

• Nb Nb Amy¯’Zv, we‡kl K‡i msµvgK †iv‡M †fvMv

• gv I wkïi h_v_© cwiPh©vi Afve

Acywói djvdj

• wkïi kvixwiK e„w× I gvbwmK weKvk e¨vnZ nq

• †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv K‡g hvq, d‡j †`n `ªæZ †ivMvµvšÍ nq

• Acywó‡Z AvµvšÍ wkï‡ì fwel¨‡Z Kg©ÿgZv K‡g hvq| Acywó `xN© †gqv`x n‡j gvivZ¥K Amy¯’Zv ev g„Zz¨

n‡Z cv‡i

• Acywó‡Z AvµvšÍ wkï‡ì cªwZ ¸iæZ¡ cÖ`v‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv: gvivZ¥K Zxeª Acywó-Gi Kvi‡Y g„Zz¨ nvi

A‡bK †ewk (cÖvq 9 ¸Y), G Kvi‡Y G welqwUi w`‡K mK‡jiB evowZ bRi w`‡Z n‡e hv‡Z gvivZ¥K Zxeª

Acyó wkïi g„Zz¨ SzuwK Kwg‡q Avbv m¤¢e nq

• gvSvix I gvivZ¥K Acywó‡Z AvµvšÍÍ wkï‡K wPwýZ K‡i cÖvYNvZx Ae¯’vq †cuŠQv‡bvi Av‡MB wPwKrmvi

eë¯’v Kiv

wkï‡K mwVKfv‡e Lv`¨, cywó I ¯^v¯’¨ †mev cÖ`vb bv Ki‡j Zvi kvixwiK e„w× euvavcÖvß nq| d‡j †m Le©vK…wZ (eqm

Abyhvqx D”PZv Kg) I Acyó wK‡kvi/wK‡kvix wn‡m‡e †e‡o D‡V| Avi GKRb Acyó wK‡kvix hLb Mf©aviY K‡i

ZLb ¯^vfvweK fv‡eB Kg IR‡bi wkïi Rb¥ †`q Avi SzuwK †e‡o hvq| †mB Kg IR‡bi wkïwU hw` †g‡q nq Ges

Zv‡KI mwVKfv‡e Lv`¨, cywó I ¯^v¯’¨‡mev bv †`qv nq, Zvn‡j †mI Acywó‡Z fyM‡e Ges eo n‡q we‡qi ci Acyó

wkï Rb¥ †`‡e| Gfv‡e Acywói Pµ we‡kl K‡i †g‡q‡ì g‡a¨ PµvKv‡i Nyi‡Z _vK‡e, hvi cwiYwZ fqven| GB

Av‡jvPbv †_‡K †evSv †Mj †h, Acywó GKwU eo ai‡Yi ¯^v¯’¨MZ I mvgvwRK mgm¨v, hv cÖwZ‡iva‡hvM¨ Ges

wPwKrmv‡hvM¨|

Kvh©µg 3: Acywói cÖKvi‡f` wb‡q Av‡jvPbv

mnvqK møvB‡W wb‡gœv³ QK/†d¬vPvU© Dc¯’vc‡bi gva¨‡g wewfbœ iKg Acywó wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb|

mgqt 20 wgwbU

1. 3 Acywói aiY I cÖKvi‡f`

kix‡i µgvMZ Kg cywó MÖnY wKsev kix‡i †kvlYRwbZ †Kvb mgm¨v †_‡K Acywó ˆZwi nq| Acywó‡K wb‡gœv³fv‡e

fvM Kiv hvqt


08

Acywó

AwZcywó

IRbvwaK¨

¯’zjZv

Kgcywó

K…kKvq

(D”PZv Abycv‡Z IRb Kg)

Wasted

Kg IRb

(eqm Abycv‡Z IRb Kg)

Underwight

Abycywói NvUwZ

(Abycywó Dcv`v‡bi Afv‡e

m„ó Amy¯’Zv)

Le©Kvq

(eqm Abycv‡Z D”PZv Kg)

Stunted

(Undernutrition) (Overnutrition)

(Overweight)

(Obesity)


09

Awa‡ekb 2

GB †mkb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY Lv`¨ êwPÎ¨ wK, Gi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv, Lv`¨‡K êwPÎ¨gq Kivi †KŠkj Rvb‡Z

cvi‡eb| gv I wkïi Lv`¨ êwP‡Îï by¨bZg gvcKvwV m¤ú‡K© AeMZ n‡eb| GQvovI gv‡Qi cywó, gvQ LvIqvi

¸iæZ¡, gjv gv‡Qi cywó ¸Yv¸Y, wewfbœiKg gv‡Qi †iwmwc m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|

Kvh©µg 1 Lv`¨ êwPÎ¨

mnvqK Lv`¨ êwPÎ¨ m¤ú‡K© AskMÖnYKvix‡ì avibv Rvb‡Z PvB‡eb| mK‡ji gZvg‡Zi Rb¨ abëv` Rvwb‡q

mnvqK møvB‡Wi gva¨‡g Lv`¨ êwPÎ m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb|

mgqt 20 wgwbU

Lv`¨ êwPÎ¨ Kx Ges †Kb cÖ‡qvRb?

• Lvev‡i êwPÎ¨Zv D”Pgv‡bi Lv‡`ï g~j Dcv`vb wnmv‡e ¯^xK…Z| wewfbœ Lvevi Ges Lv`¨ MÖæç‡jv wewfbœ cywói

Drm, ZvB wewfbœ ai‡Yi Lvev‡ii mgš^q cywói ch©vßZv wbwðZ K‡i|

• Lvevi Ggb n‡Z n‡e †hb, †mB Lvevi cwigv‡Y mwVK nq Ges me iKg cywó _v‡K;

• êwPÎ¨gq Lv`¨ h‡_ó cwigvY kw³, Avwgl Ges Abycywói (micro nutrient) Pvwn`v c~iY K‡i;

• gv‡S gv‡S wewfbœ ai‡Yi Lvevi †L‡Z n‡e, G‡Z LvIqvi iæwP ev‡o|

g‡b ivL‡eb-

1. cÖwZw`b gvQ, gvsm, wWg, KwjRv A_ev Wvj, ev`vg, exwP RvZxq Lvevi †L‡Z n‡e, hv ˆ`wnK e„w× I

¶qc~i‡Y mnvqZv K‡i;

2. Mvp meyR kvK mewR, jvj I njy` i‡Oi dj Ges wewfbœ ai‡Yi kvK mewR I dj (†hgb- KPzkvK, cyuB

kvK, jvj kvK, WvUv kvK, wgwó Kzgov, MvRi Ges cvKv Avg, cvKv KvuVvj, cvKv †cu‡c, †jey, †cqviv,

AvgjwK, Avgov, Rv¤^yiv BZ¨vw`) G¸‡jvi †h †Kvb GK cÖKvi cÖwZw`b Aek¨B †L‡Z n‡e, KviY Gme

Lvevi †_‡K wewfbœ ai‡Yi wfUvwgb cvIqv hvq, hv kixi‡K Amy¯’Zvi nvZ †_‡K i¶v K‡i|

3. 1 Kvc `ya A_ev `y‡ai ˆZwi Lvevi cÖwZw`b bv n‡jI mßv‡n 3-4 w`b †L‡Z n‡e,

4. Aek¨B Av‡qvwWbhy³ jeY w`‡q me iKg ivbœv Ki‡Z n‡e|

Lv`¨‡K êwPÎ¨gq Ki‡Z n‡j, cwiev‡i wewfbœ ai‡Yi cywómg„× Lv‡`ï mieivn wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e, cwiev‡i wewfbœ

ai‡Yi Lv‡`ï mieivn wbwðZ Kivi Dcvqmg~n n‡jv-

• wgkª I mgwš^Z Pvlvev` c×wZi cÖeZ©b

• bZzb ai‡Yi dmj Pvl, †hgb m~h©gyLx, f‚Æv, mqvweb BZ¨vwì Pvl

• ¶z`ª cwim‡i nuvm-gyiMx cvjb

• emZevwo‡Z gvQ Pvl

• Kg eëüZ †`kxq HwZnëvnx Lvevi AšÍfz©³KiY Ges emZ evwo‡Z kvK mewRi evMvb Kiv

• †gŠmygx Lv‡`ï AcPq †iva Kivi Rb¨ Lv`¨ msiÿY I AvniYRwbZ ¶q¶wZ †iva Kivi Rb¨ DbœZgv‡bi

cÖwµqvRvZKiY eë¯’vi Dbœqb

• AsKz‡iv`Mg I dv‡g©‡›Ukb cÖwµqv (†hgb `B) AšÍfz©³KiY

..........................


10

mgqt 20 wgwbU

Lv`¨ êwP‡Îï by¨bZg gvcKvwVt

wewfbœ ai‡Yi cvwievwiK Lvevi †_‡K wkïi Rb¨ êwPÎ¨gq evowZ Lvevi ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e| wb‡P †`qv wewfbœ

Lvev‡ii ZvwjKv †_‡K Kgc‡ÿ 4wU wfbœ ai‡Yi Lvevi wb‡q wkïi Rb¨ cÖwZw`‡bi Lvevi ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e Ges Gi

wfZi w`‡b AšÍZc‡ÿ 1wU cÖvYxR Lvevi _vK‡Z n‡e-

1. km¨ RvZxq Lv`¨ †hgb- fvZ, iæwU, wPov, Avjy, mywR

2. wewfbœ ai‡Yi WvjRvZxq Lvevi I ev`vg

3. `ya Ges `ya w`‡q ˆZwi Lvevi

4. cÖvYxR Lvevi †hgb- gvQ, gvsm

5. gyiMxi KwjRv

6. wWg

7. Mvp Nb meyR I jvj kvK; GQvovI njy` I Kgjv i‡Oi mewR I dj, †hgb- wgwóKzgov, MvRi, cvKv

Avg, cvKv †cu‡c

8. Ab¨vb¨ kvK me&wR I dj †hgb: jvD, wSsMv, dzjKwc, Kjv, †cqviv BZ¨vw`

15 †_‡K 49 eQi eqmx mKj gwnjvi Lv`¨ ZvwjKvq wb‡gœv³ Lv`¨ ZvwjKvi Kgc‡¶ 5wU wfbœ ai‡Yi Lvevi _vKv

Avek¨Kt

1. km¨, g~j I K›` RvZxq Lv`¨

2. Wvj (kx‡gi wewP, gUi ïuwU Ges Wvj)

3. ev`vg Ges exR RvZxq Lvevi

4. `ya I `y» RvZ Lvevi

5. gvQ, gvsm

6. wWg

7. Mvp meyR kvK

8. Ab¨vb¨ wfUvwgb G mg„× iwOb dj I kvK mewR

9. Ab¨vb¨ kvK mewR

10. Ab¨vb¨ dj

mnvqK AskMÖnYKvix‡ì gv‡Qi cywó m¤ú‡K© aviYv Rvb‡Z PvB‡eb| mK‡ji gZvg‡Zi Rb¨ abëv` w`‡q

mnvqK møvB‡Wi gva¨‡g gv‡Qi cywó m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb Ges gvQ LvIqvi ¸iæZ¡ eY©bv Ki‡eb|

Kvh©µg 3. 2 gvQ I gv‡Qi cywó

mgqt 20 wgwbU

gv‡Qi ¸Yv¸Y

• evOvwji AwZ wcÖq Lv`¨

• D”P Avwglhy³ Lvevi

• cÖvYxR Avwg‡li Pvwn`vi kZKiv 60 fvM †hvMvb †`q gvQ

• gv‡Qi †cÖvwUb mnRcvP¨ Ges †`n MV‡Y mnvqK


11

gvQ LvIqvi ¸iæZ¡

• gvQ DbœZgv‡bi cÖvwYR Avwgl mieivnKvix

• gv‡Q we`¨gvb AZ¨vek¨Kxq cywó Dcv`vbmg~n †`‡ni MVb, ea©b I †ivM cÖwZ‡iv‡a we‡klfv‡e mnvqK

• †QvU gvQ, we‡kl K‡i gjv gv‡Q cÖPzi cwigv‡Y wfUvwgb-G, K¨vjwmqvg, Avqib I wRsK _v‡K, hv gvbe

†`‡ni MVb ea©b I †ivM cÖwZ‡iv‡a AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i

• †`kx †QvU gvQ Mf©¯’ wkïi ¯^vfvweK e„w×, we‡klZt wkïi gw¯Í®‹ MV‡b AZ¨šÍ cÖ‡qvRbxq

• KuvUvmn †`kx †QvUgvQ †L‡j kix‡i K¨vjwmqvg Gi Pvwn`v c~iY nq, hv `vuZ I nvo MV‡b Ges gReyZ

Ki‡Y we‡kl fzwgKv cvjb K‡i

• †QvU gvQ we‡kl K‡i gjv gv‡Q cÖPzi Avqib Av‡Q, Avqib †`‡ni i³ ea©K

• gv‡Qi †`‡ni I‡gMv w_ª d¨vwU GwmW i‡³i RgvU euvav †iva Ges dzmdz‡mi cÖ`vn n«vm K‡i

• gv‡Qi †Zj ÿwZKi †Kv‡j‡÷ij n«vm Ges wKWwb‡Z cv_i nIqvi SyuwK n«vm K‡i

gv‡Qi cywógvb

Kvh©µg 3. 2 gjv I Abycywó

mnvqK c~e©eZ©x Awa‡ek‡b Av‡jvP¨ Abycywó Dcv`vb Gi wel‡q §iY Kwi‡q w`‡eb Ges Gi Drm wn‡m‡e gjv gv‡Qi

D`vniY w`‡eb| Qwemn møvBW w`‡q gv‡Qi wewfbœ As‡k cÖvß cywó wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb| AskMÖnYKvix‡ì KvQ

†_‡K m¤¢ve¨ †iwmwc Rvb‡Z PvB‡eb| Gici møvBW †_‡K †iwmwc eY©bv Ki‡eb|

mgqt 40 wgwbU

• gjv gv‡Qi hK…‡Zi Pwe© RvZxq c`v©_ wfUvwgb G I wW †Z mg„×-hv Avgv‡ì nvo, ùvZ, Pg© I †Pv‡Li

Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq

• gjv gv‡Q i‡q‡Q cÖPzi cwigv‡Y K¨vjwmqvg, dmdivm, †jŠn I Av‡qvwW‡bi g‡Zv LwbR c`v_©

• gjv gvQ ivZKvbv, i³k~b¨Zvmn AcywóRwbZ †ivM cÖwZ‡iv‡a ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i

• gjv gv‡Q we`¨gvb wfUvwgb-G ivZKvbvmn wewfbœ ai‡Yi †ivM cªwZ‡iva mnvqK

gv‡Qi bvg

†cÖvwUb

[MÖvg/100 MÖvg gvQ]

Avqib

[wgwj MÖvg/100 MÖvg gvQ]

K¨vjwmqvg


wR¼


wfUvwgb-G

[gvB‡·v MÖvg]

gjv

KvZjv

wmjfvi Kvc©

iæB

g„‡Mj

Kgb Kvc©

†Zjvwcqv

_vB micyuwU

ˆK

gv¸i

wks

17.1

19.9

17.5

20.6

18.6

18.7

20.8

17.8

17.5

15.6

17.2

3.8

0.6

1.5

0.4

1.8

0.9

0.5

0.6

1.2

0.8

2.1

767

530

22

30

655

47

19

24

64

27

319

3.19

0.48

0.28

1.13

0.29

0.73

1.40

0.74

1.13

0.53

0.55

2680

3

-

4

11

2

2

-

215

15

16


12

†QvU gvQ I cywó welqK wk¶v

†QvU gv‡Qi Abycywó‡K cy‡ivcywifv‡e eënvi Kivi Rb¨ Gi AcPq †iva Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| mvaviYZ gvQ LvIqvi Rb¨

cÖ¯‘wZi mgq (KvUvevQv, †avqv, ivbœv) cywói AcPq n‡q _v‡K| gv‡Qi gv_v I †c‡Ui Ask †K‡U †d‡j †`qv, evievi

†avqv, `xN© mgq a‡i ivbœv Kivi d‡j G AcPq †ekx n‡q _v‡K|

cÖvq †¶‡Î †QvU wkïiv Abycywó mg„× †QvU gvQ Mjvq KuvUv jvMvi f‡q †L‡Z Pvq bv| G Rb¨ wewfbœ c×wZ Aej¤^b

K‡i †QvU gvQ‡K wkïi LvIqvi Dc‡hvMx Kiv GKvšÍ cÖ‡qvRb| Avavwm× †QvU gvQ‡K †e‡U wLPuzoxi mv‡_ wgwk‡q

ivbœv K‡i mn‡RB LvIqv‡bv hvq|

gjv gv‡Qi cywó¸b msi¶Y Ges wŸwfbœ †iwmwc

gjv gvQ Avwgl mg„× Ges mnRcÖvP¨| gjv gv‡Q cÖPzi cwigv‡Y †cÖvwUb, wfUvwgb G, K¨vjwmqvg, Avqib Ges

Ab¨vb¨ cywó Dcv`vb _v‡K| Gme cywó Dcv`vb cy‡ivcywifv‡e eënvi Kivi Rb¨ Gi AcPq †iva Kiv cÖ‡qvRb|

mvaviYZt G mKj gvQ LvIqvi Rb¨ ˆZixi (KvUvevQv, †avqv, ivbœv) mgq cywói AcPq n‡q _v‡K|

KvUvevQv I ivbœvi Rb¨ cÖ¯‘ZKiY

gjv gvQ KvUv-evQvi c×wZ Ab¨vb¨ †QvU gv‡Qi g‡ZvB| gv‡Qi AvKvi LyeB †QvU n‡j KvUvKvwU bv K‡i cwi®‹vi

cvwb‡Z 1-2 evi ay‡q ivbœv Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e gvSvwi I eo AvKv‡ii gjv, †Xjv I `viwKbvi Rb¨ gvQ

KvUv-evQvi mvaviY c×wZ eënvi Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖ_‡g AvuBk, cvLbvmgyn I cvK¯’wj †d‡j w`‡Z n‡e| Z‡e gv‡Qi

AvKvi †QvU ev eo hvB †nvK bv †Kb, gv‡Qi gv_v †K‡U †d‡j †`qv hv‡e bv| KviY gjv, †Xjv, `viwKbvmn Ab¨vb¨

me †QvU gv‡Qi †ewki fvM wfUvwgb I wgbv‡ij gv_vq _v‡K| gvQ evQv n‡q †M‡j wUDeI‡q‡ji cwi®‹vi cvwb‡Z

1-2 evi ay‡q wb‡Z n‡e| Gi †ewk evi †avqvi ìKvi †bB| †QvU gvQ †avqvi mgq jeY eënvi Kiv DwPZ bq|

jeY eënvi Ki‡j †QvU gv‡Q Dcw¯’Z wfUvwgb I wgbv‡i‡ji cwigvY K‡g †h‡Z cv‡i|

gjv gv‡Qi †iwmwc

• Avgv‡ì †`‡k mvaviYZ wewfbœ ai‡Yi gmjv (jeY, Dw™¢¾ †Zj, njy`, gwiP, wcuqvR, awbqv I wRivi

¸uov) wgwk‡q gjv, †Xjv I `viwKbv Rv‡Zi gvQ¸‡jv ivbœv Kiv nq| †ewki fvM †¶‡Î gvQ¸‡jv wewfbœ

cÖKv‡ii mewR - †hgb †e¸b, Avjy, U‡g‡Uv, jvD, Kzgov, wmg, eiewU, wSsMv, ay›`yj cÖf„wZi mv‡_ ivbœv Kiv

nq| gvQ¸‡jvi mv‡_ wewfbœ ai‡Yi kvK †hgb jvjkvK, cyuB kvK cÖf…wZ Aí cwigv‡Y †gkv‡bv †h‡Z cv‡i

• †Kvb kvK mewR QvovB ïaygvÎ †QvU gvQ w`‡qI ZiKvwi ivbœv Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i - †hgb gv‡Qi †Svj I

†`v‡cuqvwR

wPÎ: gjv gv‡Qi †`‡ni wewfbœ As‡k wfUvwgb-G Gi cwigvY

gjvi †`‡ni wewfbœ As‡k wfUvwgb ÒGÓ cwigvY

53%

39% 1%

7%


13

• gjv gvQ‡K Aí Zv‡c Aí mg‡qi Rb¨ †Z‡j †f‡R ev cvwb‡Z wm× K‡i jeY, †Zj, KvuPv gwiP I wcuqvR

mnKv‡i Lye mn‡RB my¯^v`y fZ©v evbv‡bv m¤¢e

• GB †QvU gvQ¸‡jv w`‡q †QvU ev”Pv‡`i Rb¨ Dc‡hvMx K‡i wLPzwiI ivbœv Kiv m¤¢e| †m‡¶‡Î gjv gvQ‡K

KvUv-evQv I †avqvi ci Aí mg‡qi Rb¨ †Z‡j †f‡R wkj-†bvovq ev †eøÛvi †gwk‡b uov K‡i †c‡ói g‡Zv

K‡i wLPzwii Ab¨vb¨ DcKi‡Yi (Pvj, Wvj, mwâ, gkjv cÖf„wZ) mv‡_ wgwk‡q mvaviY wbq‡g wLPzwi evbv‡bv

†h‡Z cv‡i

• †QvU gvQ KL‡bvB `xN© mgq a‡i ivbœv Kiv DwPZ bq| †ewki fvM ivbœvB m‡ev©”P 10-15 wgwb‡Ui g‡a¨ †kl

Kiv m¤¢e| Ab¨vb¨ DcKiY wm×/ivbœv n‡Z †ewk mgq jvM‡j †QvU gvQ¸‡jv‡K ivbœv †kl nIqvi 10-15

wgwbU Av‡M †hvM Kiv DwPZ|


14

Awa‡ekb 3

Kvh©µg 1: Abycywó Dcv`vb, Drm, ¸iæZ¡, AfveRwbZ mgm¨v

mgqt 30 wgwbU

2. 1 Abycywó

gyL¨ cywó Dcv`vbmg~n †hgb-kw³`vqK Lv`¨ (kK©iv), e„w×KviK Lv`¨ (Avwgl) Ges Abycywó Dcv`vb mg~n †hgb-

wfUvwgb Ges LwbR Dcv`vb mg~n Gme wb‡qB nq ¯^v¯’¨Ki Lvevi| GLv‡b g¨v‡µv (gyL¨) ej‡Z ÔeoÕ Ges gvB‡µv

ej‡Z Ô†QvUÕ eySv‡bv nq| fvjfv‡e KvR Kivi Rb¨ Avgv‡ì kix‡i †h mKj Abycywó Dcv`vb mg~n cÖ‡qvRb, GB

Awa‡ek‡b †m¸‡jvi cÖwZ `„wócvZ Kiv n‡e| Abycywó Dcv`vb mg~n Avgv‡ì AwZ mvgvb¨ cwigv‡Y cÖ‡qvRb, wKš‘

G¸‡jv GZB ¸iæZ¡c~Y© †h wbw`©ó cwigvY MÖnY Kiv bv n‡j GKRb gvbyl Amy¯’ A_ev kvixwiK ev gvbwmK cÖwZeÜx

n‡Z cv‡i| mvaviYZ cÖwZw`b 100 wgwjMÖvg Gi †ewk ev Kg n‡j gyL¨ ev Aby ejv nq|

Abycywó Dcv`vb Gi ¸iæZ¡t

• kix‡ii ¯^vfvweK e„w× I weKv‡ki Rb¨ Acwinvh©

• kix‡ii wewfbœ †Kvl I A½‡K mwVKfv‡e KvR Ki‡Z Ges wewfbœ A‡½i Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ mwVKfv‡e mgš^q

Ki‡Z mnvqZv K‡i

• †ivM-cÖwZ‡iva ÿgZv evovq

• Lvev‡i iæwP evovq

Abycywó Dcv`vbmg~n-

Abycywó Dcv`vbmg~n Lv‡`¨ A‡bK ai‡Yi Abycywó Av‡Q Zvi g‡a¨ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© n‡”Q-

wfUvwgb G Avqib

wfUvwgb we Kg‡cø· Av‡qvwWb

wfUvwgb wm wRsK

wfUvwgb wW K¨vjwmqvg

¸iæZ¡c~Y© K‡qKwU Abycywó Dcv`vbmg~n Gi Drm I Afve RwbZ mgm¨v wb‡P †`qv n‡jvt

cywó Dcv`vb

wfUvwgb G

Drm AfveRwbZ mgm¨v

cªvYxR Drm: gv‡qi `ya, KwjRv, wW‡gi Kzmyg,

†QvU gvQ, gv‡Qi †Zj, gvLb, wN| cÖvYxR Drm

†_‡K wfUvwgb G MÖnY Ki‡j Zv Avgv‡ì

kix‡i `ªæZ †kvwlZ nq|

Dw™¢¾ Drm: njy` i‡Oi dj- cvKv KuvVvj,

cvKv Avg, cvKv †cu‡c Ges me ai‡Yi Mvp

kvK-me&wR †hgb- MvRi, wgwó Kzgov, KPz kvK,

g~jv kvK, †n‡jÂv kvK, a‡b cvZv, cuyB kvK,

Kjwg kvK, mR‡b kvK, jvj kvK, cvU kvK,

cvjs kvK, _vbKzwb cvZv, cyw`bv cvZv BZ¨vw`|

• †Pv‡Li `„wókw³ ¶wZMÖ¯Í nq, d‡j ivZKvbv,

†Pv‡L Nv I Ab¨vb¨ mgm¨v †`Lv †`q,

GgbwK †PvL AÜ ch©šÍ n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i

• †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv n«vm cvq, d‡j wkï

Nb Nb Amy¯’ nq, GgbwK wkïi g„ZzÏ n‡Z

cv‡i|

• †`‡ni ¯^vfvweK e„w× e¨vnZ nq

..........................


cywó Dcv`vb

wfUvwgb wW

Drm AfveRwbZ mgm¨v

`ya, gvLb, Pwe©hy³ gvQ, cwbi, km¨, gvkiæg,

ïUwK, m~‡h©i Av‡jv BZ¨vw`|

• nvo I `vuZ MV‡b `ye©jZv|

• †`‡ni e„w× e¨vnZ nq|

Avqib cÖvYxR Drm: gvsm, gvQ, KwjRv, wW‡gi

Kzmyg, ïUwK gvQ BZ¨vw`|

Dw™¢¾ Drm: KPz kvK, cyuB kvK, jvj kvK,

cvjs kvK, wgwóKzgov kvK, mvRbv kvK,

awbqv cvZv, dzjKwc cvZv, †Qvjv kvK,

†n‡jÂv kvK, Wvj, †LRyi, Kv‡jvRvg,

ZigyR, cvKv †ZuZzj, ¸o BZ¨vw`|

• †Pv‡Li Aveib (Kb&RvswUfv), b‡Li †Mvov

Ges b‡L cwieZ©b Av‡m, nv‡Zi Zvjy,

†Pnviv, `uv‡Zi gvwo I wRnŸv d¨vKv‡k n‡q

hvq|

• bL fs¸i nq, Avcbv Avcwb †f‡½ hvq

GgbwK ga¨vs‡k K‡g/†`‡e hvq

(koilonychia)

• eyK aodo K‡i

• Aí cwikª‡g AwaK K¬vwšÍ †eva nq

• †gRvR wLUwL‡U _v‡K

• ¶zavg›`v nq

• wkïiv Aw¯’i wP‡Ëi nq, covïbvq

g‡bv‡hvM K‡g Av‡m

wfUvwgb B

jvj gwiP, kvjMg, †cu‡c, U‡g‡Uv, Avg, wPbv

ev`vg, KvV ev`vg, †c¯Ív ev`vg, KvRy ev`vg,

mwilv kvK BZ¨vw`|

• ¯œvqyZ‡š¿i Z_¨ †cÖi‡Y evav|

• †cwki mwVK NbZ¡ eRvq _v‡K bv|

• †Pv‡Li †iwUbvi c~bM©V‡b f~wgKv iv‡L|

Av‡qvwWb

cÖvK…wZK: mvgyw`ªK gvQ, mgy`ª DcK‚jeZ©x

kvK-me&wR Ges k¨vIjv

K…wÎg: Av‡qvwWbhy³ jeY

• MjMÐ ev N¨vM nq

• ¯^vfvweK eyw× weKv‡k evav †`q

• gvbwmK I kvwiixK cÖwZewÜZv †hgb:

nvev‡Mvev, g~K, U¨viv, ewai, Le©Kvq BZ¨vw`

• Mf©cvZ I g„Z wkï cÖme A_ev R‡b¥i ci

ci wkïi g„Zy¨I n‡Z cv‡i

wfUvwgb wm

†jey, Kgjv, Av½yi, Av‡cj, †cu‡c, eoB,

Avbvim, BZ¨vw` UK dj I d‡ji im,

U‡g‡Uv, kvK-mewR, euvavKwc, cvjs kvK,

Avjy BZ¨vw`|

• mw`©-Kvwk mn Nb Nb Amy¯’ nq|

• i³¯^íZv

• nvo I gvwo `ye©j nq| nv‡o I wMivq e¨_v

nq|

• ü`‡ivM I †÷ªv‡Ki SyuwK †e‡o hvq|

15

wfUvwgb we

(Kg‡cø·)

`ya, wWg, wgwó Avjy, ev`vg, evuavKwc,

cvjskvK, Kjv, ïUwK, †XuwKQvUv Pvj,

A¼zwiZ †Qvjv, gyM Wvj, †gŠmygx dj,

wewfbœ kvK-mewR, gjv †Xjvmn wewfbœ gvQ

I gvsm BZ¨vw`|

• wRnŸvq I †Vuv‡Ui †Kvbvq Nv nq|

• i³¯^íZv nq I ü`‡iv‡Mi SyuwK †e‡o hvq|

• Kg© ÿgZv K‡g hvq Ges Aí‡ZB K¬všÍ n‡q

hvq|

• ¯§iYkw³ n«vm cvq|

• wewfbœ ¯œvqyweK †ivM †`Lv †`q I nvZ cv

wSg wSg K‡i|

• gy‡L (eªb) `vbv I‡V, Z¡K LmL‡m nq|


wRsK

cÖvYxR: gvQ, gvsm, KwjRv, wWg

Dw™¢R: †Lvmvmn km¨, Wvj, ev`vg Ges †XuwK

QvUv Pvj

• kix‡ii ¯^vfvweK e„w× e¨vnZ nq

• wkï‡`i Wvqwiqv nIqvi cÖeYZv †e‡o hvq

• †hŠbv‡½i MVb I e„w× ¯^vfvweKfv‡e nq bv

• nv‡oi cwic°Zv e¨vnZ nq

K¨vjwmqvg cÖavb Drm - `ya

gv‡qi `y‡ai †P‡q Miæi `y‡a K¨vjwmqv‡gi

cwigvY A‡bK †ekx _vK‡jI gv‡qi `ya wkïi

Rb¨ K¨vjwmqv‡gi me‡P‡q DËg Drm, KviY

GwU kix‡i `ªæZ †kvwlZ nq| GQvovI

K¨vjwmqvg A‡bK Lvev‡iB cvIqv hvq,

†hgb- `ya RvZxq cY¨ (cwbi, gvLb, `B),

wWg Ges gvQ|

• nvo I `vu‡Zi MVb gReyZ nq bv

• i³ RgvU eva‡Z evavcÖvß nq

• gvsm‡ckxi ms‡KvPb evavcÖvß nq

• ü`h‡š¿i ¯^vfvweK Kvh©KvwiZv evavcÖvß nq

• gv‡qi `ya Drcv`b e¨vnZ nq

• eq¯‹ gwnjv‡`i nuv‡oi ÿq †iva

(Aw÷Ig¨v‡jwmqv) †`Lv †`q

g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e

gvQ, gvsm, wWg, KwjRv A_ev Wvj, ev`vg, exwP BZ¨vw` RvZxq Lvevi cÖwZw`b †L‡Z n‡e, hv ˆ`wnK e„w×

I ¶qc~i‡Y mnvqZv K‡i

Mvp meyR kvK-me&wR, jvj I njy` i‡Oi dj Ges wewfbœ ai‡Yi kvK-me&wR I dj (†hgb- KPz kvK,

cyuB kvK, jvj kvK, WvUv kvK, wgwóKzgov, MvRi Ges cvKv Avg, cvKv KvuVvj, cvKv †cu‡c, †jey, †cqviv,

AvgjwK, Avgov, Rv¤^yiv BZ¨vw`) G¸‡jvi †h †Kvb GK cÖKvi cÖwZw`b Aek¨B †L‡Z n‡e KviY GBme

Lvevi †_‡K wewfbœ ai‡Yi wfUvwgb cvIqv hvq, hv kixi‡K Amy¯’Zvi nvZ †_‡K i¶v K‡i

1 Kvc `ya A_ev `y‡ai ˆZwi Lvevi cÖwZw`b bv n‡jI mßv‡n 3-4 w`b †L‡Z n‡e

Aek¨B Av‡qvwWbhy³ jeY w`‡q meiKg ivbœv Ki‡Z n‡e

Kvh©µg 2: Avqib Gi ¸iæZ¡, AfviRwbZ mgm¨v wPý I DcmM© i³¯^íZv, cÖwZ‡iva I cÖwZKvi

mgqt 30 wgwbU

2. 2 Avqib

Avqib GKwU LwbR Dcv`vb, hv i‡³i GKwU ¸iæZ¡¡c~Y© Dcv`vb wn‡gv‡Møvweb ˆZixi Rb¨ Acwinvh©| GB

wn‡gv‡Møvweb dzmdzm †_‡K kix‡ii mKj As‡k i‡³i gva¨‡g Aw·‡Rb enb K‡i, hvi Kvi‡Y kixi Kg©¶g _v‡K|

Avqib Gi Drm

cÖvwYR Drm: gvsm, gvQ, KwjRv, ïuUwK gvQ BZ¨vw`|

Dw™¢¾ Drm: wgwó Avjyi kvK, KuPz kvK, cyuB kvK, jvj kvK, cvjs kvK, wgwóKzgov kvK, mR‡b cvZv, awbqv cvZv,

dzjKwc cvZv, †Qvjv kvK, †n‡jÂv kvK, Wvj, †LRyi, Kv‡jvRvg, ZigyR, cvKv †ZuZzj, ¸o BZ¨vw`|

16

cywó Dcv`vb Drm AfveRwbZ mgm¨v


17

Avqib Gi AfveRwbZ mgm¨v wPý I DcmM©

• †Pv‡Li Aveib (KbRvswUfv), b‡Li †Mvov Ges b‡L cwieZ©b Av‡m, nv‡Zi Zvjy, †Pnviv, ùv‡Zi gvwo I

wRnŸv d¨vKv‡k n‡q hvq

• bL fs¸i nq, Avcbv Avcwb †f‡½ hvq, GgbwK ga¨vs‡k K‡g/†`‡e hvq (koilonychia)

• eyK aodo K‡i I Aí cwikª‡g AwaK K¬vwšÍ †eva nq

• †gRvR wLUwL‡U _v‡K

• ¶zavg›`v nq

• wkïiv Aw¯’i wPË nq, covïbvq g‡bv‡hvM K‡g Av‡m

i³¯^íZv ev A¨vwbwgqv

AcywóRwbZ i³¯^íZv ej‡Z Avgiv cÖavbZ Avqi‡bi NvUwZRwbZ i³ ¯^íZv‡KB eywS| GB ai‡Yi i³¯^íZvB

Avgv‡ì gv‡S e¨vcK AvKv‡i we`¨gvb| i‡³i Ab¨Zg cÖavb Dcv`vb wn‡gv‡Møvweb K‡g hvIqv‡K i³¯^íZv e‡j|

cÖ‡qvRbxq Lvevi, we‡kl K‡i Avqibmg„× Lvev‡ii Afv‡e wkï, wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix, Mf©eZx I cÖm~wZ gv‡qiv GB

†iv‡M †ewk †fv‡M| yB eQ‡ii Kg eqmx wkï‡ì i³¯^íZv †`Lv †`q cÖavbZ Avqibmg„× Lvev‡ii Afv‡e| gvwmK

FZzmªv‡ei Kvi‡Y Ges Nb Nb mšÍvb nIqvi Kvi‡YI gwnjviv i³¯^íZvq †fv‡M|

Avqib NvUwZRwbZ i³¯^íZv cÖwZ‡iva I cÖwZKvi

• Avqibmg„× Lvevi †hgb- gvsm, gvQ, KwjRv, wW‡gi Kzmyg, ïuUwK gvQ, KPz kvK, cyuB kvK, jvj kvK, cvjs

kvK, wgwó Kzgov kvK, mR‡b cvZv, awbqv cvZv, dzjKwc cvZv, †Qvjv kvK, †n‡jÂv kvK, Wvj BZ¨vw`

†L‡Z n‡e

• kix‡i Avqib Kv‡R jvMv‡bvi Rb¨ Avqib RvZxq Lvev‡ii mv‡_ wfUvwgb wm hy³ (†hgb- †jey ev UK dj)

Lvevi †L‡Z n‡e

• wkï‡K c~Y© 6 gvm eqm ch©šÍ ïaygvÎ gv‡qi ey‡Ki `ya LvIqv‡Z n‡e Ges 6 gvm c~Y© n‡j gv‡qi `y‡ai

cvkvcvwk Avqibmg„× evowZ Lvevi w`‡j wkïi Avqi‡bi NvUwZ c~iY n‡e

• evošÍ wkï, wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix, gvwmK PjvKvjxb, Mf©eZx I cÖm~wZ gwnjv‡ì cywói Rb¨ †ewk cwigv‡Y

Avqi‡bi cÖ‡qvRb| ZvB Zv‡ì‡K †ewk K‡i Avqib mg„× Lvevi †L‡Z n‡e

Qwe:Avqib mg„× Lv`¨

gvQ

wW‡gi Kzmyg

KwjRv

gvsm

gyiMxi gvsm

cuyBkvK

†LRyi

awbqv

cvZv

Wvj

Kjwg kvK

KPzkvK

cvjskvK

jvjkvK

ZigyR


18

• msµvgK †ivM †hgb- K…wg, i³ Avgvkq, g¨v‡jwiqv BZ¨vwì Kvi‡YI i³¯^íZv nq, GRb¨ gj-g~Î wbw`©ó

RvqMvq †djv Ges gj-g~Î Z¨v‡Mi c‡i `yB nvZ fv‡jv K‡i mvevb I cwi®‹vi cvwb w`‡q ay‡q †djv|

LvIqvi Av‡M `yB nvZ fvj K‡i mvevb w`‡q ay‡q †djv Ges Lvwj cv‡q bv nvuUv

• Wv³v‡ii civgk© Abyhvqx Qq gvm AšÍi AšÍi K…wgbvkK Ilya LvIqv‡Z n‡e

• `ycyi Ges iv‡Zi cÖavb Lvev‡ii mv‡_ Pv I Kwd bv LvIqv

Kvh©µg 3: wfUvwgb G Gi ¸iæZ¡, AfveRwbZ mgm¨v wPý I DcmM©, cÖwZ‡iva I cÖwZKvi

mgqt 20 wgwbU

2. 3 wfUvwgb-G

wkï‡ì gv‡S AÜ‡Z¡i cÖavb KviY n‡jv wfUvwgb-G Gi Afve| wfUvwgb-G †Z‡j `ªeYxq wfUvwgb¸‡jvi g‡a¨

GKwU Ab¨Zg ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wfUvwgb, hv kix‡ii Rb¨ AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©|

wfUvwgb-G Drm

cªvYxR Drm: gv‡qi `ya, KwjRv, wW‡gi Kzmyg, †QvU gvQ, gv‡Qi †Zj, gvLb, wN| cÖvYxR Drm †_‡K wfUvwgb G

MÖnY Ki‡j Zv Avgv‡ì kix‡i `ªæZ †kvwlZ nq|

Dw™¢¾ Drm: njy` i‡Oi dj- cvKv KuvVvj, cvKv Avg, cvKv †cu‡c Ges me ai‡Yi Mvp kvK-me&wR †hgb- MvRi,

wgwó Kzgov, KPz kvK, g~jv kvK, †n‡jÂv kvK, a‡b cvZv, cuyB kvK, Kjwg kvK, mR‡b kvK, jvj kvK, cvU kvK,

cvjs kvK, _vbKzwb cvZv, cyw`bv cvZv BZ¨vw`|

wfUvwgb-G Gi AfveRwbZ mgm¨v:

• †Pv‡Li `„wókw³ ¶wZMÖ¯Í nq, d‡j ivZKvbv, †Pv‡L Nvu I Ab¨vb¨ mgm¨v †`Lv †`q GgbwK †PvL AÜ ch©šÍ

n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i

• †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv n«vm cvq, d‡j wkï Nb Nb Amy¯’ nq, GgbwK wkïi g„ZzÏ n‡Z cv‡i|

• †`‡ni ¯^vfvweK e„w× e¨vnZ nq|

Qwe: wfUvwgb-G mg„× Lv`¨

KwjRv

gvLb

†QvU gvQ

wW‡gi Kzmyg

KvVvj MvRi

KPzkvK

cvjskvK

jvjkvK

Kjwg kvK

cyBkvK

cvKv Avg

wgwó Kzgov

†cu‡c


19

wfUvwgb-G Gi AfveRwbZ mgm¨vi cÖwZ‡iva

• Mf©ve¯’vq gv‡q‡ì wfUvwgb-G Gi Pvwn`v †e‡o hvq, GRb¨ wfUvwgb-G Gi Afve c~i‡Yi Rb¨ Mf©eZx

gv‡q‡ì wfUvwgb-G mg„× Lvevi †hgb-Mvp meyR kvK-mewR, njy` djg~j, m¤¢e n‡j gvQ, wWg, KwjRv,

gvsm evi evi †ewk cwigv‡Y †L‡Z w`‡Z n‡e| G mg¯Í Lv`¨ †L‡j kix‡i wfUvwgb-G Gi Pvwn`v wgU‡e

Ges Mf©¯’ wkïi †Kvb ¶wZ n‡e bv|

• cÖm~wZ gv‡K mšÍvb cÖm‡ei 6 mßvn ev 42 w`‡bi g‡a¨ (m¤¢e n‡j wkïi R‡b¥i ci ci) 2 j¶ AvB. BD.

¶gZv m¤úbœ GKwU jvj i‡Oi wfUvwgb-G K¨vcmyj LvIqv‡Z n‡e|

• beRvZK wkï‡K kvj`ya LvIqv‡bvmn 6 gvm ch©šÍ ïaygvÎ ey‡Ki `ya LvIqv‡Z n‡e|

• wkï‡ì 2 eQi eqm ch©šÍ gv‡qi `ya LvIqv‡Z n‡e Ges 6 gvm eq‡mi ci †_‡K wfUvwgb-G mg„× evowZ

Lvevi w`‡Z n‡e| evošÍ wkï‡ì wfUvwgb-G hy³ Lvevi (gvQ, we‡kl K‡i †QvU gvQ, gvsm, KwjRv, wWg),

njy` I Mvp i‡Oi kvK-me&wR I djg~j †L‡Z w`‡Z n‡e| wkïiv †hfv‡e cQ›` K‡i Lvevi¸‡jv †mfv‡e

ˆZix Ki‡Z n‡e| kvK me&wR Aek¨B cwigvYg‡Zv †Zj w`‡q ivbœv Ki‡Z n‡e, KviY wfUvwgb-G †`‡n

†kvl‡Yi Rb¨ †Z‡ji cÖ‡qvRb nq|

• 6-11 gvm eqmx mKj wkï‡K 1 j¶ AvB.BD. ¶gZv m¤úbœ GKwU bxj i‡Oi wfUvwgb-G K¨vcmyj

LvIqv‡Z n‡e|

• 1-5 eQi eqmx mKj wkï‡K cÖwZ 6 gvm AšÍi AšÍi 2 j¶ AvB.BD. ¶gZv m¤úbœ GKwU jvj i‡Oi

wfUvwgb-G K¨vcmyj LvIqv‡Z n‡e|

• cvkvcvwk mKj‡K wfUvwgb-G mg„× Lvevi m¤ú©‡K cywó wk¶v w`‡Z n‡e|


20

Awa‡ekb 4:

wbivc` Lv`¨ I ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z Dcv‡q Lv`¨ cÖ¯‘ZKiY

4. 1: wbivc` Lvevi (mgqt 40 wgwbU)

wbivc` Lvevi n‡jv †mB Lvevi, hv mwVK wbq‡g cwi®‹vi I wbivc`fv‡e msMªn, weÁvbm¤§Z Dcv‡q cÖwµqvRvZ,

msi¶Y Kiv nq Ges Lv‡`¨ †ivMRxevYyi Dcw¯’wZi SzuwK Kg _v‡K| Drcv`b †_‡K ïiæ K‡i Avnvi Kiv ch©šÍ

cÖ‡Z¨K av‡c Lv`¨ wbivc` I cwi®‹vi ivLv DwPZ |

wbivc` cvwb:

wbivc` cvwb n‡jv eY©nxb, MÜnxb, ¯^v`nxb †mB cvwb, hvi ms¯ú‡k© Avgv‡ì ¶wZ nq bv A_©vr †h cvwb‡Z

¶wZKviK `ªe¨, wewfbœ ivmvqwbK c`v_©, kw³kvjx GwmW I ¶vi, †ivM m„wóKvix RxevYyi cwigvY ¯^xK…Z ¶wZKviK

gvÎv †_‡K Kg _v‡K|

wbivc` Lvevi I wbivc` cvwbi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv:

• evwm-cuPv, dv½vm cov ev `yM©Ühy³ Lvevi LvIqv hv‡e bv| Zv †L‡j †c‡Ui bvbvwea mgm¨vmg~n †hgb-

†ncvUvBwUm G Ges B RwbZ fvBivm †ivM †`Lv w`‡Z cv‡i

• gvwQ cov Lvevi †L‡j Wvqwiqv, Avgvkq, K‡jiv, UvBd‡qW BZ¨vw` †ivM n‡Z cv‡i

• †Kvb Lvevi ev cvbxq‡Z K…wÎg is †gkv‡bv hv‡e bv| wewfbœ Lvev‡i †hme K…wÎg is eënvi Kiv nq

†m¸‡jv hw` ivmvqwbK ev Kvc‡oi is nq Zvn‡j K¨vÝvi I wKWbx †ivM †`Lv w`‡Z cv‡i

• U‡g‡Uv, gUiïuwU, cvKv Kjv, gvQ I wewfbœ Lv`¨‡K m‡ZR ev cvKv Kivi Rb¨ †hme ivmvqwbK c`v_©

eënvi Kiv nq (†hgb digvwjb, Kve©vBW) Zv †_‡K K¨vÝvimn wewfbœ †ivM n‡Z cv‡i

• wbivc` cvwb eënv‡i †c‡Ui cxov ev Wvqwiqv, RwÛm, Avgvkq, UvBd‡qW, Pg©‡ivM BZ¨vw` cvwbevwnZ

†ivM msµgb n‡e bv

• †h mg¯Í Lv`¨ ivbœv K‡i LvIqv nq bv (†hgb: mvjv`, mewR) †m¸‡jv wbivc` cvwb‡Z wVKg‡Zv †avqv bv

n‡j Zvi gva¨‡g Ges `~wlZ cvwb, gvwU A_ev Av½y‡ji gva¨‡g K…wgi wWg gyLc‡_i gva¨‡g A‡š¿ cÖ‡ek

K‡i

wbivc` Lvevi I cvwb wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ KiYxq welqmg~n:

1. cwi”QbœZv eRvq ivLyb:

• nvZ cwi®‹vi K‡i cÖwZevi Lvevi ˆZwi I cwi‡ekb Kiæb

• wkï‡ì gjg~Î cwi®‹vi Kivi ci nvZ mvevb w`‡q fvjfv‡e cwi®‹vi Kiæb

• cï cvwL cwiPhv©i ci nvZ cwi®‹vi Kiæb

• LvIqvi Av‡M Ges wkï‡K LvIqv‡bvi Av‡M fv‡jvfv‡e nvZ ay‡q wbb

• LvIqv‡bvi Rb¨ eëüZ evwU, PvgP BZ¨vw` eënv‡ii Av‡M mvevb I cvwb w`‡q cwi®‹vi K‡i ay‡q wbb

• Lvevi Rb¨ eëüZ evmbÑcÎ ay‡q wbb

• ivbœvNi I Lv`¨ †cvKvgvKo gy³ Kiæb

• memgq UvUKv Lvevi wbev©Pb Kiæb

• nuvwP ev Kvwk †`qvi mgq bvK I gyL †X‡K ivLyb

............................


21

2. KuvPv Ges ivbœv Kiv Lv`¨ Avjv`v ivLyb:

• ivbœv Kiv Lvevi †_‡K KvuPv gvQ, gvsm, mewR Avjv`v ivLyb| KvuPv gvQ, gvsm, mewR BZ¨vw` KvUvi Rb¨

cwi®‹vi Qywi/ewU eënvi Kiæb

• XvKbvhy³ cv‡Î ivbœv Kiv Lvevi ivLyb

3. fvjfv‡e wm× K‡i ivbœv Kiæb:

• gvsm, wWg fvj K‡i wm× K‡i ivbœv Kiæb

• cybivq Mig Kivi mgq fv‡jvfv‡e Mig Kiæb| m¤¢e n‡j fvj K‡i dzwU‡q wbb

• `ya fv‡jvfv‡e dzwU‡q cvb Kiæb

4. wbivc` ZvcgvÎvq msi¶Y Kiæb:

• ivbœv Kiv Lvevi N‡ii ZvcgvÎvq 2 N›Uvi †ekx bv ivLv

• Lvevi †iwd«Rv‡iU‡i _vK‡jI j¤^v mgq Lv`¨ msi¶Y bv Kiv

• wkï‡ì Lvevi UvUKv nIqv evÂbxq Ges ivbœvi ci msi¶Y Kiv DwPZ bq

5. wbivc` cvwb eënvi Kiæb:

• ivbœv I Lvevi LvIqvi †¶‡Î memgq wbivc` cvwb eënvi Kiæb

• cvwb cvb Kivi c~‡e© dzwU‡q †bqv DwPZ| hw` m¤¢e bv nq Zvn‡j weøwPs cvDWvi, wdUwKwi, cvwb weï×KiY

ewo eënvi K‡i RxevYygy³ Kiæb Ges cwi®‹vi cv‡Î ivL‡Z ejyb

• cyKzi wKsev b`xi cvwb cvb bv Kiv

• hw` KvuPv †L‡Z Pvb Zvn‡j dj I kvK wbivc` cvwb‡Z fv‡jvfv‡e ay‡q wbb

• me&wR I djg~j KvUvi c~‡e© 1 Pv PvgP Lvevi jeY wbivc` cvwb‡Z wgwk‡q Kgc‡¶ 30 wgwbU wfwR‡q

ivL‡j kvK-mewR I djg~‡j Aew¯’Z ivmvqwbK c`v‡_©i ¶wZKi cÖfve eûjvs‡k K‡g hvq

• cÖwµqvRvZ, c¨v‡KURvZ Lvevi †gqv` (Expiry date) cvi n‡j Lv‡eb bv

nvZ †avqvi ¸iæZ¡ Ges KLb KLb Aek¨B nvZ ay‡Z n‡e:

nvZ †avqvi ¸iæZ¡:

1. Lv`¨ mvgMÖx I cvwb msµwgZ nIqv Gov‡Z

2. gy‡L RxevYy cÖ‡ek Kiv‡bv Gov‡Z

3. Wvqwiqv msµgb Gov‡Z

4. K…wgi msµgb Gov‡Z

5. Pg©‡ivM msµgb Gov‡Z

KLb KLb Aek¨B nvZ ay‡Z n‡e:

1. Lvevi ˆZix/ ivbœv Kivi Av‡M

2. †Kvb Lvevi aivi ev wkï‡K LvIqv‡bvi Av‡M gv/hZœKvix I wkïi nvZ ay‡q wb‡Z n‡e

3. cvqLvbv/Uq‡jU eënvi Kivi c‡i

4. wkïi cvqLvbv cwi®‹vi Kivi c‡i (ev Ab¨ †Kvb cvqLvbv)

5. Mevw` cï-cvLx aivi c‡i Ges Zv‡ì cvqLvbv cwi®‹vi Kivi c‡i


22

GQvovI wbgœwjwLZ mg‡q nvZ †avqv Avek¨K:

1. wkïi mw`© cwi®‹vi Kivi c‡i

2. nvuwP †`qvi c‡i

3. KvuPv gvQ - gvsm aivi c‡i

4. †ivMx‡K †`Lvi Av‡M I c‡i

5. gqjv wb‡q KvR ev †Ljv Kivi c‡i

6. UvKv-cqmv aivi c‡i

Qwet nvZ †avqvi c×wZ

1

2

3

4

cvwb w`‡q nv‡Zi

Kwâ ch©šÍ wfwR‡q

cy‡iv nv‡Z Kwâ ch©šÍ

fv‡jvfv‡e mvevb jvMv‡Z

cÖPzi †dbv ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e Ges `yB nv‡Zi

Av½y‡ji fuvR, b‡Li bxPmn Kwâ ch©šÍ N‡l

cÖevngvb cwi®‹vi cvwbi avivq

`yB nvZ fv‡jvfv‡e ay‡q wb‡Z


23

4. 2 ¯^v¯^¨m¤§Zfv‡e Lvevi ˆZix Kiv : (mgq 35 wgwbU)

1. ivbœvi c~‡e© Ges LvIqvi c~‡e© fv‡jvfv‡e nvZ mvevb I cvwb w`‡q cwi®‹vi K‡i ay‡q wbb

2. ivbœvi Rb¨ ZiKvix eo eo UzKiv K‡i KvUv DwPZ, G‡Z Lvev‡ii cywó¸Y eRvq _v‡K

3. †h mKj Lvevi m‡ZR Ges fv‡jv Zv w`‡q Lv`¨ ˆZwi Kiæb

4. ivbœvi cy‡e© gvQ, gvsm, kvK-me&wR, djg~j cwi®‹vi cvwb w`‡q †avqv DwPZ| Zv bv n‡j RxevYy msµvgY

n‡Z cv‡i

5. Lvevi fvjfv‡e ivbœv Kiv A_©vr †Kvb Ask KuvPv bv ivLv-†hb mKj RxevYy gviv hvq| gvQ, gvsm, wWg,

gyiMx fv‡jv Zv‡c ivbœv Kiv DwPZ| wWg KvuPv Ae¯’vq LvIqv DwPZ bq

6. evwm Lvevi LvIqvi Av‡M cvwb dzUv‡bvi ZvcgvÎv ch©šÍ Mig K‡i †bqv

7. Lv`¨ cÖ¯‘wZ‡Z cwi®‹vi I wbivc` cvwb eënvi Kiv

8. ayjvevwj Gov‡bvi Rb¨ Lv‡`ï cvÎ I ivbœvi nvwo †g‡S‡Z bv ivLv

9. ivbœvi Rb¨ eëüZ ˆZRmcÎ †hgb ewU, Qzwi, `v BZ¨vw` eënvi Kivi ci fvjfv‡e †avqv DwPZ| hw`

m¤¢e nq cybivq eënv‡ii Rb¨ Zv Mig cvwb I mvevb w`‡q cwi®‹vi Kiv

10. Lvev‡i Av‡qvwWb hy³ jeY eënvi Ki‡Z n‡e

cwi®‹vi I ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Zfv‡e Lvevi msi¶Y:

1. cwi®‹vi I XvKbvhy³ cv‡Î Lvevi msi¶Y Kiv DwPZ

2. m¤¢e n‡j Lvevi ïK‡bv K‡i ivLv DwPZ (†hgb- ¸ov `ya, wPwb, mywR)

3. Lvevi ˆZixi 2 N›Uvi g‡a¨ Lvevi LvIqv DwPZ

4. hw` A‡bK¶Y Lvevi evB‡i _v‡K, Zvn‡j Lvevi fv‡jv K‡i Mig K‡i LvIqv DwPZ, †hb Rxevbyi

msµgb bv N‡U

5. †cvKv gvK‡oi ev Ab¨ †Kvb RxevYyi AvµgY †_‡K i¶vi Rb¨ Lvevi ïK‡bv ¯’vb Ges VvÐv cwi‡e‡k

msi¶Y Kiv DwPZ

6. ivbœv Kiv Lvevi wd«‡R ev Zv‡K Zz‡j ivLv DwPZ

7. KvuPv gvQ, gvsm, gyiMx Avjv`v ¯’v‡b ivLv DwPZ| wd«‡R ivLv `ya 1 w`‡bi g‡a¨ eënvi Kiv DwPZ

8. Av‡qvwWbhy³ jeY m~h© iwk¥ †_‡K `~‡i XvKbvhy³ Kuv‡Pi e‡qvg ev cøvw÷‡Ki cv‡Î msiÿY Ki‡Z n‡e

Ges ivbœvi †kl gyn‚‡Z© jeY eënvi Kiv DwPZ| evRv‡ii †Lvjv jeY †Kbv DwPZ bv

9. kix‡ii cywó Pvwn`v †gUv‡bvi Rb¨ wewfbœ ai‡bi kvK-mewR †hgb jvjkvK, cyuBkvK, wgwó Avjyi kvK,

wgwó Kzgov I kvK, KjwgkvK, KPzkvK BZ¨vw` Lvb

10. cÖwZw`b ¯’vbxqfv‡e cvIqv hvq †hgb- †jey, Kjv, †cqviv, Avg, †cu‡c BZ¨vw` †h‡Kvb GKwU †gŠmygx

dj Lvb

11. †gŠmy‡g gvQ fv‡jvfv‡e ïwK‡q mviveQi LvIqvi Rb¨ msi¶Y Kiæb|

¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z Dcv‡q ïuUwK gvQ Drcv`b I msi¶Y

KvuPv gvQ †iv‡` ïwK‡q ïuUwK gvQ Kiv nq, G‡Z-

• gv‡Qi AcPq †iva nq A_¨©vr †gŠmy‡g AwZwi³ gvQ c‡P bó n‡Z cv‡i bv

• mviveQi we‡kl K‡i `~‡h©vMKvjxb mg‡q gvQ LvIqv wbwðZ nq

• gv‡Qi ïuUwK Drcv`b weKí Av‡qi Drm n‡Z cv‡i|


24

KuvPv gv‡Qi cwiPh©v

• Kg Pwe©hy³ UvUKv gv‡Qi cvLbv, AvuBk, dzjKv I bvwof‚wo †d‡j w`‡q gvQ wUDeI‡q‡ji cvwb‡Z auy‡q wbb

• eo gvQ n‡j †giæ`Ð eivei `yB cv‡k j¤^vjw¤^ K‡i A_ev KvUvi `yBw`‡K AvovAvwo K‡i wP‡o †djzb

• gv‡Q cwi®‹vi jeY (10 †KwR gv‡Q 1 †KwR) †g‡L ch©vß cwigvY eid w`‡q 6-8 N›Uv †i‡L w`b

• jeY wgwkªZ gvQ eo evjwZ ev Mvgjvq cwi®‹vi cvwb‡Z cvuP wgwbU Wzwe‡q ayu‡q wbb

• gwiP I njy‡`i ¸ov (10 †KwR gv‡Q 10-30 MÖvg) GK‡Î wgwk‡q gv‡Q †g‡L wbb|

gvQ ïKv‡bv

Lye †fv‡i euv‡ki gvPv ev Wvjvq njy` gvLv‡bv gvQ Nb gkvwi †bU w`‡q cy‡ivcywi †X‡K †iv‡` ïKv‡Z w`b|

¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z Dcv‡q ïuUwK gvQ Drcv`b I msi¶Y

KuvPv gv‡Qi cwiPh©v

gvQ ïKv‡bv


ïuUwK gvQ msi¶Y I evRviRvZKiY

fv‡jvfv‡e ïKv‡bv ïuUwK gvQ VvÐv Ae¯’vq XvKbvIqvjv Wªvg ev k³ cwjw_b e¨v‡M f‡i †djyb evRviRvZ Kivi

Rb¨ hZ `ªæZ m¤¢e evqy‡ivax cwjw_b e¨v‡M (eo gvQ myweavg‡Zv AvKv‡i †QvU †QvU UzK‡iv K‡i) f‡i Zr¶Yvr

P‚ovšÍ c¨v‡KU ˆZwi Kiæb|

ïuUwK gvQ msi¶Y I evRviRvZKiY

25


Awa‡ekb 5:

eqm Abyhvqx cywó Pvwn`v

5.1 wkïi cywó (0-24 gvm)

5.2 wK‡kvi-wK‡kvixi cywó

5.3 Mf©eZx I `y»`vbKvix gv‡qi cywó

GB Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY wewfbœ eq‡m wfbœ wfbœ cywó Pvwn`v Ges Zv wbwðZKiY Gi Dcvqmg~n Rvb‡Z

cvi‡eb

5.1: 0-24 gvm eqmx wkïi cywó

wkïi R‡b¥i ci †_‡K 24 gvm eqm ch©šÍ cÖ_g `yB eQi wkïi mvwe©K weKvk (kvixwiK I gvbwmK) Gi Rb¨ AZ¨šÍ

¸iæZ¡c~Y©| gv Mf©avi‡bi ci †_‡K wkïi eqm `yB eQi nIqv ch©šÍ †gvU 1000 w`b‡K m¤¢vebvi ¯^Y©Øvi ejv nq|

G mgq gv I wkïi h_vh_ cywó wbwðZ Ki‡Z cvi‡j Zv mviv Rxe‡bi wfwË wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| R‡b¥i mv‡_ mv‡_B

wkï‡K ey‡Ki ya Uvb‡Z †`qvi gva¨‡g †h cywó mieivn ïiæ nq Zv c~Y© 6 gvm eq‡m evowZ Lvevi ïiæ Kivi gva¨‡g

†Rvi`vi nq Ges `yB eQi eqm ch©šÍ ey‡Ki `ya Pvwj‡q hvIqvi gva¨‡g Zv c~Y©Zv jvf K‡i|

5.1.1 gv‡qi `y‡ai LvIqv‡bvi DcKvwiZv Ges bv LvIqv‡bvi AcKvwiZv (gv‡qi I wkïi)

GB Kvh©µg †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY-

• wkï‡K gv‡qi `ya LvIqv‡bvi DcKvwiZv Ges bv LvIqv‡bvi AcKvwiZv ej‡Z cvi‡eb

Kvh©µg 1: kyaygvÎ gv‡qi `ya LvIqv‡bvi DcKvwiZv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv (gv‡qi I wkïi)

Kvh©µg 2: kyaygvÎ gv‡qi `ya bv LvIqv‡bvi AcKvwiZv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv (gv‡qi I wkïi)

†gvU mgq: 30 wgwbU

Kvh©µg 1: kyaygvÎ gv‡qi `ya LvIqv‡bvi DcKvwiZv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv

mnvqK AskMÖnYKvixMY‡K 2wU ‡j fvM K‡i †`‡eb| 1g j‡K Òwkï‡K gv‡qi ya LvIqv‡j wkïi wK wK DcKvi

nqÓ Ges 2q `j‡K Òwkï‡K gv‡qi `ya LvIqv‡j gv‡qi wK wK DcKvi nqÓ ej‡Z ej‡eb| Zv‡`i mwVK aviYvi

cÖksmv Ki‡eb Ges †h¸‡jv mwVK bq †m¸‡jv my›`ifv‡e e¨vL¨v Ki‡eb| †Kvb welq ev` c‡o †M‡j †m¸‡jv wb‡qI

Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb|

wkïi Rb¨ gv‡qi `y‡ai DcKvwiZv:

1. fv‡jvfv‡e †e‡o IVvi Rb¨ wkïi †hme cywói cÖ‡qvRb Zvi meUzKz cvIqv hvq gv‡qi `y‡a|

2. wkïi eyw×i weKvk fv‡jvfv‡e nq Ges wkï eyw×gvb nq|

3. wkïi †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv ev‡o, d‡j wewfbœ AmyL †hgb Wvqwiqv, mw`©-Kvwk, wbD‡gvwbqv, KvbcvKv, GjvwR©

BZ¨vw` †ivM Kg nq|

4. gv‡qi `ya wkïi Rb¨ me‡P‡q wbivc`| GwU mwVK ZvcgvÎvq _v‡K, mn‡R nRg nq Ges †h‡Kvb mg‡q

LvIqv‡bv hvq|

gv‡qi Rb¨ wkï‡K `ya LvIqv‡bvi DcKvwiZv:

1. gv‡qi cÖme cieZx© i³¶iY Kg nq

26

............................


2. cÖme cieZx© mgq gv‡qi Rivqy ZvovZvwo Av‡Mi Ae¯’vq wd‡i Av‡m

3. gv‡qi mv‡_ wkïi m¤úK© fvj nq

4. gv‡qi ¯Íb, Rivqy I wW¤^vk‡qi K¨vÝv‡ii SzuwK K‡g

5. gv‡qi mgq evu‡P I Sv‡gjv Kg nq

cwiev‡ii Rb¨ wkï‡K gv‡qi `ya LvIqv‡bvi DcKvwiZv:

1. evowZ `ya †Kbvi LiP ev‡P| wkïi AmyL Kg nq, d‡j wPwKrmv I hvZvqv‡Zi LiPI Kg nq|

Kvh©µg 2t wkï‡K gv‡qi `ya bv LvIqv‡bvi AcKvwiZv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv

mnvqK AskMÖnYKvixMY‡K 2wU `‡j fvM K‡i †`‡eb| 1g `j‡K Òwkï‡K gv‡qi `ya bv LvIqv‡j wkïi wK wK

AcKvi nqÓ Ges 2q `j‡K Òwkï‡K gv‡qi `ya bv LvIqv‡j gv‡qi wK wK AcKvi nqÓ ej‡Z ej‡eb| Zv‡ì

mwVK aviYvi cÖksmv Ki‡eb Ges †h¸‡jv mwVK bq †m¸‡jv my›ìfv‡e e¨vL¨v Ki‡eb| †Kvb welq ev` c‡o †M‡j

†m¸‡jv wb‡qI Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb|

wkïi Rb¨ wkï‡K gv‡qi `ya bv LvIqv‡bvi AcKvwiZv:

1. wkï Zvi †`‡ni Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq me ai‡Yi cywó cvq bv, d‡j eqm Abycv‡Z wkïi ˆ`wnK e„w× nq bv (IRb

I D”PZv)|

2. wkïi †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv K‡g hvq, d‡j wkï ev‡i ev‡i Amy‡L AvµvšÍ nq, †hgb Wvqwiqv, mw`©©-Kvwk,

wbD‡gvwbqv, KvbcvKv, GjvwR©, BZ¨vw`| Amy‡Li d‡j Avevi wkïi †`‡n Acywó †`Lv †`q Ges wkï cybivq

Amy‡L AvµvšÍ nq| Gfv‡e evi evi wkï †ivMvµvšÍ nq Ges DË‡ivËi Acywói wkKvi nq|

3. wkïi g„Zz¨nvi e„w× cvq|

4. wkïi eyw×i weKvk Kg nq, d‡j cwibZ eq‡m Kg©¶gZv K‡g hvq|

5. gv‡qi ya Qvov Ab¨vb¨ Lvevi †hgb †KŠUv ev Miæi ya memgq wbivc` bq, G‡Z †fRvj wgwkÖZ _vKvi AvksKv

_v‡K|

6. hviv gv‡qi `ya Kg Lvq Zv‡ì cieZx© Rxe‡b Wvqv‡ewUm, nv‡U©i AmyL †ekx nq|

wkï‡K `ya bv LvIqv‡j gv‡qi AcKvwiZv:

1. gv‡qi cÖme cieZx© i³¶iY †ekx nq|

2. Rivqy ¯^vfvweK Ae¯’vq wdi‡Z †ìx nq|

3. gv‡qi ¯Íb, Rivqy I wW¤^vk‡qi K¨vÝv‡ii SzuwK ev‡o|

4. evB‡ii `ya ˆZix Ki‡Z gv‡qi A‡bK mgq bó nq, GQvovI `ya †Kbv, †evZj †Kbv, cvwb dzUv‡bvi Rb¨

R¡vjvwb BZ¨vwì LiP ev‡o|

5.1.2 R‡b¥i ciciB gv‡qi `ya LvIqv‡bv ïiæ Kivi ¸iæZ¡:

GB cÖwkÿY †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY-

• R‡b¥i ciciB hZ ZvovZvwo m¤¢e wkï‡K gv‡qi `ya LvIqv‡bv ïiæ Kivi ¸iæZ¡ m¤ú‡K© ej‡Z cvi‡eb|

• ey‡Ki `ya Qvov evB‡ii Lvevi †Kb wkïi ¯^v‡¯’ï Rb¨ ¶wZKi Zv Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|

Kvh©µg 1: R‡b¥i ciciB gv‡qi `ya LvIqv‡bv ïiæ Kivi ¸iæZ¡ m¤ú©‡K Av‡jvPbv


R‡b¥i ciciB gv‡qi `ya LvIqv‡bv Avi¤¢ Kiv †Kb MyiæZ¡c~Y© G wel‡q mnvqK AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Kv‡Q Rvb‡Z

PvB‡eb Ges Zv‡ì gZvgZ wb‡q we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb| †hme welq ev` c‡o †M‡Q †mme wel‡qI Rvbv‡eb|

27


R‡b¥i ciciB †Kb ey‡Ki `ya ev kvj `ya LvIqv‡bv ïiæ Ki‡Z n‡e?

R‡b¥i ciciB AšÍZt c‡¶ cÖ_g 1 N›Uvi g‡a¨ beRvZK‡K kvj`ya LvIqv‡Z n‡e| g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e G

mgq wkï‡K Ab¨ †Kvb Lvevi †hgb gay, wgwkªi cvwb, †Zj, BZ¨vw` †`qv hv‡e bv| kvj`ya gv‡qi ¯Íb †_‡K

†ei nIqv cÖ_g `ya, hv Nb I AvVv‡jv| GB Nb `ya wkïi Rb¨ LyeB cywóKi Ges cwigv‡b Aí n‡jI

h‡_ó| GQvovI kvj`y‡a cÖPzi †ivM cÖwZ‡ivaK ¶gZv Av‡Q hv wkï‡K wewfbœ †ivM †_‡K i¶v K‡i|

R‡b¥i ciciB wkïi Pz‡l LvIqvi ¶gZv LyeB fv‡jv _v‡K, ZvB gv‡qi ey‡K wkï‡K w`‡j wkï wb‡R wb‡RB

gv‡qi ey‡Ki `ya Pzl‡Z _vK‡e| hw` †`wi‡Z gv‡qi ey‡K †Ìqv nq Zvn‡j wkï gv‡qi `ya †Pvlv fy‡j hv‡e,

d‡j cieZ©x‡Z gv‡qi ey‡K `ya †ekx Avm‡jI wkï Avi Zv gy‡L wb‡Z PvB‡e bv ev †U‡b †L‡Z PvB‡e bv|

ZvB kvj`ya Qvov wkï†K Ab¨ wKQz †Ìqv hv‡e bv| wkï hZ NbNb gv‡qi `ya Pzl‡e ZZ ZvovZvwo `y‡ai

cÖevn evo‡e ev bvg‡e|

ya LvIqv‡bvi mgq gv‡qi ey‡Ki mv‡_ wkïi kixi †j‡M _v‡K d‡j wkïi kixi Mig _v‡K|

kvj`y‡ai ¸iæZ¡:

kvj`y‡a wkïi kix‡ii Pvwn`v Abyhvqx meai‡Yi cywó cvIqv hvq A_©vr R‡b¥i cici wkïi hZUzKz cywói

cÖ‡qvRb Ges †cU fivi Rb¨ †h cwigvb `y‡ai cÖ‡qvRb Zv meB kvj`y‡a mwVK cwigv‡b Av‡Q|

kvj`ya wkïi †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv e„w× K‡i, d‡j wkï wewfbœ †ivM †_‡K i¶v cvq|

wkï‡K kvj`ya †Ìqvi Av‡M ev c‡i †Kvb wKQz †hgb gay, wPwbi cvwb, mwilvi †Zj, wgwkªi cvwb, evwj©,

Miæi `ya, †KŠUvi `ya ev evB‡ii Ab¨ †Kvb Lvevi G‡Kev‡iB †`qv hv‡e bv| G¸‡jv wkïi ¯^v‡¯’ï Rb¨

LyeB ¶wZKi| GQvovI R‡b¥i c‡i mwilvi †Zj, cvwb ev Ab¨ †Kvb wKQz w`‡q wkïi gyL cwi®‹vi Kivi

cÖ‡qvRb †bB|

beRvZ‡Ki †cU/cvK¯’jx cÖ_g K‡qKw`b LyeB †QvU _v‡K (†QvU gv‡e©‡ji g‡Zv), ZvB Ab¨ †Kvb Lvevi

w`‡j wkïi †cU f‡i hv‡e, d‡j gv‡qi `ya Avi Pzl‡Z PvB‡e bv| beRvZ‡Ki †cU †h‡nZz LyeB †QvU _v‡K

ZvB cÖ_g K‡qK w`b gv‡qi eyK †_‡K hZUzKz `ya †ei nq ZZUzKzB wkïi Rb¨ h‡_ó, GB K_vwU Avcwb

cÖm‡ei mgq avÎx, gv-evev, cÖwZ‡ewk, cwiev‡ii `v`x-bvwb ev Ab¨ †h‡Kvb gyiæeŸx _vK‡j Zvu‡ìI eywS‡q

ej‡eb|

R‡b¥i ciciB ey‡Ki `ya Pzl‡Z w`‡j gv‡qi Mf©dzj ZvovZvwo c‡o hvq Ges gv‡qi i³¶iY Kg nq|

wkïi cÖ_g Kv‡jv cvqLvbv `ªæZ †ei n‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i|

5.1.3 gv‡qi `ya LvIqv‡bvi bxwZgvjv


• wkïi R‡b¥i ci †_‡K 2 eQi eqm ch©šÍ gv‡qi `ya LvIqv‡bvi bxwZgvjv ej‡Z cvi‡eb|


1. R‡b¥i mv‡_ mv‡_ (cÖ_g 1 N›Uvi g‡a¨) wkï‡K kvj`ya w`b| R‡b¥i ciciB wkïi Rb¨ gv‡qi kvj`ya

cÖ‡qvRb| ZvB hZ `ªæZ m¤¢e wkï‡K kvj`ya w`b| G mgq wkïi gy‡L gay, wPwbi cvwb, mwilvi †Zj, wgwkªi

cvwb, †KŠUvi `ya, Miæi `ya ev Ab¨ †Kvb Lvevi G‡Kev‡iB †`qv hv‡e bv|

2. R‡b¥i ci †_‡K 6 gvm eqm ch©šÍ wkï‡K kyaygvÎ gv‡qi `ya w`b|

3. G mg‡q wkïi c~Y©v½ kvwiixK e„w× I gvbwmK weKv‡ki Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq me ai‡bi cywó mwVK cwigv‡b

cvIqv hvq gv‡qi `y‡a| ZvB wkïi c~Y© 6 gvm (180 w`b) eqm ch©šÍ kyaygvÎ gv‡qi `yaB h‡_ó, G mgq

GgbwK Avjv`v K‡i wkï‡K GK †duvUv cvwbI LvIqv‡bvi cÖ‡qvRb †bB|

28


4. 7 gvm eqm †_‡K gv‡qi `y‡ai cvkvcvwk evowZ Lvevi LvIqv‡bv ïiæ Ki‡Z n‡e Ges cÖ_g `yB eQi eqm

ch©šÍ wkï‡K gv‡qi `yaI LvIqv‡Z n‡e|

5. wkïi eqm 6 gvm c~Y© n‡q 7 gv‡m co‡j (181 w`b †_‡K) gv‡qi `y‡ai cvkvcvwk cvwievwiK cywóKi

Lvevi mwVK cwigv‡b LvIqv‡Z n‡e| G mgq †_‡K wkïi kix‡ii cywói Pvwn`v ïaygvÎ gv‡qi `y‡a c~iY

nq bv, ZvB cvkvcwk Ab¨vb¨ Lvev‡ii cÖ‡qvRb nq| wkïiv GB eqm †_‡K Nb/Aa©Zij Lvevi wMj‡Z †k‡L

Ges nRg Ki‡ZI cv‡i| g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e wkï‡K Kgc‡¶ cÖ_g 2 eQi eqm ch©šÍ evowZ Lvev‡ii

cvkvcwk gv‡qi `ya LvIqv‡bvI Pvwj‡q †h‡Z n‡e|

6. Amy¯’ wkï‡K Nb Nb ey‡Ki `ya Ges Ab¨vb¨ ¯^vfvweK Lvevi evi evi †L‡Z w`‡Z n‡e|

5.1.4: ey‡Ki `ya LvIqv‡bvi mgq gv I wkïi Ae¯’vb (cwRkb) Ges gv‡qi ey‡K wkïi ms¯’vcb

(GUvP‡g›U) ch©‡e¶Y Kivi wbqg

GB cÖwk¶Y †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY-

• wkï‡K ey‡Ki `ya LvIqv‡bvi mgq gv I wkï `yBRb‡KB ch©‡e¶Y Ki‡Z cvi‡eb eyS‡Z cvi‡eb:

o wkï‡K mwVKfv‡e aiv n‡q‡Q wKbv

o gv‡qi ey‡K wkï mwVKfv‡e †j‡M Av‡Q wKbv

o wkï fv‡jvfv‡e `ya cv‡”Q wK bv

• wkï mwVKfv‡e gv‡qi ey‡K †j‡M _vKvi 4wU g~j Z_¨ ej‡Z cvi‡eb|

• gv‡qi wewfbœ iKg Ae¯’vb, †hgb- emv, †kvqv Ges hgR wkï‡K `ya LvIqv‡bv †KŠkj †`Lv‡Z cvi‡eb|

Kvh©µg 1: `ya LvIqv‡bvi mgq wkï‡K mwVKfv‡e aiv Ges gv‡qi ey‡K wkï‡K mwVKfv‡e jvMv‡bvi

¸iæZ¡ wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv|

Kvh©µg 2: cyZz‡ji mvnv‡h¨ mwVKfv‡e wkï‡K aiv †`Lv‡bv Ges Zv nv‡Z Kj‡g Kiv|

Kvh©µg 3: gv‡qi ey‡K wkïi †j‡M _vKv ch©‡e¶Y Kivi Dcvq eY©bv Kiv|

Kvh©µg 4: mwVK Ae¯’vb (cwRkb) Ges ms¯’vcb (GUvP‡g›U) Gi ¸iæZ¡ wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv|


cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiY: cyZzj I evwjk

Kvh©µg 1: `ya LvIqv‡bvi mgq wkï‡K mwVKfv‡e aiv Ges gv‡qi ey‡K wkï‡K mwVKfv‡e jvMv‡bvi ¸iæZ¡

wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv

• mnvqK AskMÖnYKvix‡`i Kv‡Q e¨vL¨v Ki‡eb mwVKfv‡e aiv ej‡Z wK †evSvq, Gi DcKvwiZv I wKfv‡e

†evSv hv‡e aiv mwVK n‡q‡Q|

• gv‡qi ey‡K wkï‡K mwVKfv‡e jvMv‡bvi ¸iæZ¡ wK Ges mwVKfv‡e bv jvMv‡j wK mgm¨v n‡Z cv‡i Zv

eywS‡q ej‡eb|

gv‡qi ey‡K wkïi mwVKfv‡e †j‡M _vKvi ¸iæZ¡:

• wkï gv‡qi ey‡K mwVKfv‡e †j‡M _vK‡j mn‡R `ya Pzl‡Z cvi‡e I h‡_ó cwigv‡b `ya †U‡b †L‡Z cvi‡e,

G‡Z K‡i gv‡qi ey‡K `y‡ai cwigvbI evo‡e| wkï hw` gv‡qi ey‡K mwVKfv‡e †j‡M bv _v‡K, Z‡e †m

mn‡R `ya †U‡b †L‡Z cvi‡e bv, d‡j wkïi †cU fi‡e bv Ges wkï KvbœvKvwU Ki‡e| Ab¨w`‡K gvI g‡b

Ki‡eb †h Zvi ey‡K h‡_ó cwigv‡b `ya †bB|

29


• wkï gv‡qi ey‡K mwVKfv‡e bv †j‡M `ya †L‡j gv‡qi ¯Í‡b wewfbœ ai‡Yi mgm¨v †`Lv †`q †hgb- ¯Í‡bi

†euvUv dvUv, ¯Íb †dvjv, BZ¨vw`|

Kvh©µg 2: cyZz‡ji mvnv‡h¨ mwVKfv‡e wkï‡K aiv †`Lv‡bv Ges Zv nv‡Z Kj‡g Kiv

• mnvqK AskMÖnYKvix‡ì mvg‡b wkï‡K fyjfv‡e a‡i †`Lv‡eb, †hgb- gv‡qi mvg‡bi w`‡K Szu‡K _vKv,

wkïi †cU gv‡qi †cU †_‡K `~‡i _vKv, BZ¨vw`| Gici mnvqK AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Kv‡Q Rvb‡Z PvB‡eb

wZwb wK wK fyj K‡i‡Qb|

• mnvqK cyZz‡ji mvnv‡h¨ gv‡qi wewfbœ iK‡gi Ae¯’vb, †hgb- emv Ae¯’vq, †kvqv Ae¯’vq I hgR wkï‡K

GKmv‡_ wKfv‡e `ya LvIqv‡Z nq Zv †`Lv‡eb|

• cÖ‡Z¨K AskMÖnYKvix‡K cyZz‡ji mvnv‡h¨ mnvqK evi evi mwVKfv‡e aiv PP©v Kiv‡eb|

gv I wkïi mwVK Ae¯’vb (cwRkb):

• gv emv ev †kvqv †h‡Kvb Avivg`vqK Ae¯’vq Av‡Qb wK bv Zv fvjfv‡e †`Lyb| gv hw` e‡m `ya LvIqv‡Z

Avivg †eva K‡ib, Zvn‡j †`qvj ev Lv‡Ui w`‡K †njvb w`‡q Avivg K‡i emv‡eb|

• wkï‡K `ya †Ìqvi mgq cÖ_‡gB wkïi kixi gv‡qi w`‡K Nywi‡q wb‡eb Ges wkïi gyL gv‡qi ¯Í‡bi Kv‡Q

wb‡q Avm‡eb| j¶¨ Ki‡eb, gv †hb wkïi w`‡K Szu‡K ¯Íb GwM‡q bv †`q, eis wkï‡K gv‡qi w`‡K GwM‡q

Avb‡eb| A_©vr wkïi kixi I gyL gv‡qi ¯Í‡bi w`‡K †div‡bv _vK‡e, G‡Z K‡i wkï I gv `yÕRb `yÕR‡bi

gyL †`L‡Z cvi‡e|

• wkï‡K Ggbfv‡e ai‡eb hv‡Z wkïi Nvo I gv_v gv‡qi GKnv‡Zi KbyB Gi fvu‡Ri Dci _v‡K| cÖ‡qvRb

†ev‡a gv‡qi †Kv‡ji Dci evwjk †i‡L Zvi Dci wkï‡K ivL‡eb, G‡Z K‡i wkï wb‡Pi w`‡K †b‡g hv‡e

bv Ges wkïi nvZ I gv‡qi nvZ Sy‡j _vK‡e bv| gv‡qi ey‡Ki mv‡_ wkïi eyK I †cU jvMv‡bv _vK‡e|

†Lqvj Ki‡Z n‡e wkïi gv_v, Nvo I cvQv A_v©r cy‡iv kixi †hb †mvRv ev GK jvB‡b _v‡K|

• gv‡qi ¯Íb hw` fvix ev eo nq, Z‡e gv‡K GK nvZ w`‡q ÔcÕ Gi g‡Zv K‡i ¯Íb ai‡Z wkwL‡q w`‡eb|

ey‡Ki wb‡P nv‡Zi Pvi Av½yj ivL‡Z ej‡eb Ges ey‡ov Av½yj ¯Í‡bi Dci nvjKvfv‡e ivL‡Z ej‡eb|

ÕKvuwPÕi g‡Zv K‡i ¯Íb aiv DwPZ bq, G‡Z K‡i `y‡ai bvjxi Dci Pvc c‡o Ges `y‡ai cÖevn K‡g hvq I

wkï `ya Kg cvq|

Qwe : †kvqv Ae¯’vb Qwe : emv Ae¯’vb Qwe: ÔcÕ Gi gZ K‡i ¯Íb aiv

30


Kvh©µg 3 : gv‡qi ey‡K wkïi †j‡M _vKv ch©‡e¶Y Kivi Dcvq eY©bv Kiv

• mnvqK gv‡qi ey‡K wkïi †j‡M _vKvi ev ms¯’vc‡bi 4wU g~j Z_¨ wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb|

• mnvqK AskMÖnYKvix‡`i‡K cÖ_‡g eB Gi Qwei gva¨‡g I c‡i wfwWI cÖ`k©‡bi gva¨‡g wkï‡K mwVK

fv‡e ms¯’vcb †`Lv‡eb|

gv‡qi ey‡K wkïi ms¯’vc‡bi 4wU g~j Z_¨ I ch©‡e¶Y cÖbvjx:

1. gv‡qi ey‡Ki †euvUv w`‡q wkïi bv‡Ki wb‡P Ges Dc‡ii †Vvu‡Ui gvSLv‡b evi evi †Qvuqv‡eb, G‡Z K‡i wkï

eo K‡i nuv Ki‡e (Qwe K, L)| wkï eo K‡i nuv bv Kiv ch©šÍ A‡c¶v Kiæb|

2. wkï hLb eo K‡i nv Ki‡e wVK ZLbB ¯Í‡bi †euvUvmn Kv‡jv Ask wkkyi gy‡Li wfZi w`‡Z n‡e (Qwe M),

KviY †euvUvi Pviw`‡Ki Kv‡jv As†ki wfZ‡i †ekx `ya Rgv _v‡K ev `y‡ai bvjx¸‡jv PIov _v‡K|

3. wkïi _yZwb I bvK gv‡qi ¯Í‡bi mv‡_ †j‡M _vK‡e (Qwe N)| wkïi wb‡Pi †VvuU evB‡ii w`‡K Dëv‡bv

_vK‡e|

Qwe K: ¯Í‡bi †euvUv wkïi

bv‡Ki wb‡P jvMv‡bv

Qwe M: ¯Í‡bi †euvUvmn Kv‡jv

Ask gy‡L †`qv

Qwe L: eo K‡i nuv Kiv

Qwe N: mwVK ms¯’vcb Qwe N: fzj ms¯’vcb

Qwe N: mwVK ms¯’vcb Qwe N: fzj ms¯’vcb

31


4. gv‡qi Í‡bi Kv‡jv Ask hw` †ekx eo nq Zvn‡j j¶¨ ivL‡Z n‡e, Kv‡jv As‡ki wb‡Pi w`K †hb cy‡ivcywi

wkïi gy‡L hvq, Dc‡ii w`‡Ki GKUz Ask †ei n‡q †M‡jI †Kvb Amyweav †bB|

hgR wkï‡K `ya LvIqv‡bvi c×wZ :

GKRb gv GKBmv‡_ `yBRb wkïi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq `ya ˆZwi Ki‡Z cv‡ib| KviY †`Lv hvq hLb wkï gv‡qi GK

¯Íb Pyl‡Z _v‡K ZLb Ab¨ ¯Íb †_‡K `ya co‡Z _v‡K| GQvovI wkï h‡Zv †ewk ¯Íb †Pv‡l Z‡Zv †ewk `ya ˆZwi nq,

A_©vr wkïi Pvwn`v Abyhvqx gv‡qi `ya ˆZwi nq| ZvB hgR wkï n‡jI GKRb gv mn‡RB 6 gvm eqm ch©šÍ ïaygvÎ

ey‡Ki `ya w`‡q wkï‡ì cÖ‡qvRbxq Pvwn`v c~iY Ki‡Z cv‡ib| `yB wkï‡K GKBmv‡_ `yB ¯Í‡b jvMv‡Z n‡e hv‡Z

K‡i `yBRb GKmv‡_ `ya †L‡Z cv‡i| G‡Z `ywU myweav nq, Ab¨ ¯Í‡bi `ya c‡o bó nq bv Ges gv‡qi `ya LvIqv‡Z

mgqI Kg jv‡M| Z‡e G‡¶‡Î evwoi mK‡ji Ges ¯^v¯’¨Kgx©‡ì mn‡hvwMZv †c‡j gv‡qi AvZ¥wek¦vm ev‡o Ges

gv mdjfv‡e hgR wkï‡ì GKmv‡_ ïaygvÎ ey‡Ki `ya LvIqv‡Z cv‡i| wewfbœ c×wZ‡Z wkï‡K aivi wbqg Qwe‡Z

†`Lv‡bv n‡jv (Qwe K, L, M)|

5.1.5 : wfwWI cÖ`k©b 1) gv‡qi `ya LvIqv‡bv I 2) nvZ w`‡q ey‡Ki `ya †M‡j †ei Kiv Ges msi¶Y

cÖwµqv

GB wfwWI cÖ`k©b †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY-

• ey‡Ki `ya LvIqv‡bvi mgq gv wkï‡K wKfv‡e ai‡eb Zv ch©‡e¶Y Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

• wkï gv‡qi ¯Íb wKfv‡e ai‡e I `ya Pz‡l Lv‡e Zv ch©‡e¶Y Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

• wewfbœ †KŠk‡ji gva¨‡g wKfv‡e nvZ w`‡q †P‡c gv‡qi ey‡Ki `ya †ei Ki‡Z nq, wKfv‡e msi¶Y Ki‡Z

nq, †Kgb cvÎ eënvi Ki‡Z nq, KZ¶Y †i‡L †`qv hvq, PvgP w`‡q wKfv‡e LvIqv‡Z nq Zv wkL‡Z

cvi‡eb|

• GKRb gv‡K ey‡Ki `ya LvIqv‡bvi e¨vcv‡i nv‡Z Kj‡g mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb I wkLv‡Z cvi‡eb|

Kvh©µg 1: wfwWI cÖ`k©‡bi D‡Ïk¨ I welqe¯‘ wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv|

Kvh©µg 2: `ya †ei Kivi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Ges Kvc/Pvg‡P K‡i `ya LvIqv‡bv wk¶v|

Kvh©µg 3: ey‡Ki `ya †M‡j †ei Kivi Rb¨ cvÎ wbe©vPb I gv‡qi KiYxq welqmg~n wk¶v|

Kvh©µg 4: Kv‡c/Pvg‡P K‡i wkï‡K ey‡Ki `ya LvIqv‡bv wk¶v|

†gvU mgq: 1 N›Uv 15 wgwbU (cÖ‡qvR‡b 2 evi wfwWIwU †`Lv‡eb)

cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiY: wUwf, wfwWI †cøqvi I wfwWI K¨v‡mU| cÖ‡qvR‡b we`y¨r Gi cwie‡Z© e¨vUvwiPvwjZ wUwf I

wfwWI †cøqvi eë¯’v ivL‡Z n‡e|

Qwe K: dzUej Qwe M: mgvšÍivjQwe L: µm

32


Kvh©µg 1: wfwWI cÖ`k©b Gi D‡Ïk¨ I welqe¯‘ wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv

• mnvqK AskMÖnYKvix‡ì ej‡eb cÖwk¶‡Y hv hv Rvb‡Qb ev nv‡Z Kj‡g K‡i wkL‡Qb ZviB wKQz Ask

wb‡q GB wfwWIwU ˆZix|

• mnvqK Av‡iv ej‡eb, †hme welq wb‡q Av‡jvPbv n‡”Q Zv GLb c`©vq †`L‡j g‡b ivL‡Z myweav n‡e|

Kv‡b †kvbv, †Pv‡L †`Lv Ges nv‡Z Kj‡g Kiv GB wZbwU c×wZ wgwj‡q GB cÖwk¶‡Yi welqMy‡jv

cieZx©‡Z Zv‡ì Kv‡R A‡bK mvnvh¨ Ki‡e|

• GKRb ¯^v¯’¨Kg©x wKfv‡e wkï‡K gv‡qi ey‡K mwVKfv‡e jvMv‡Z mvnvh¨ Ki‡Qb Zv fv‡jvfv‡e †`L‡eb|

• wkï‡K ey‡Ki `ya LvIqv‡bvi 4wU g~j Z_¨ fv‡jvfv‡e †`L‡eb Ges g‡b ivL‡eb|

• wewfbœ †KŠk‡ji gva¨‡g ey‡Ki `ya †M‡j †ei Kiv ch©‡e¶Y Ki‡eb |

• gv hw` g‡b K‡ib Zvi ey‡Ki `ya Kg, Z‡e Zvi mgvavb¸‡jv fv‡jvfv‡e ïb‡eb|

• me‡k‡l AskMÖnYKvix‡ì gZvgZ wb‡q †mkb †kl Ki‡eb|

Kvh©µg 2: `ya †ei Kivi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Ges Kvc/Pvg‡P K‡i `ya LvIqv‡bv wk¶v

• GKRb gv‡qi KLb ey‡Ki `ya †ei Ki‡Z n‡e Zv ej‡Z I eyS‡Z cvi‡eb|

• nvZ w`‡q †P‡c `ya †ei Kivi wewfbœ †KŠkj wkL‡Z Ges cÖwk¶Y †k‡l gv‡q‡ì mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

• †M‡j †ei Kiv `ya †Kgb cv‡Î ivL‡eb Ges KZ¶Y †i‡L LvIqv‡bv hv‡e Zv wkL‡Z cvi‡eb |

wewfbœ Ae¯’vq gv‡qi ey‡Ki `ya †ei K‡i wkï‡K LvIqv‡bvi cÖ‡qvRb nq, †hgb wkï hLb cÖ‡qvRbg‡Zv gv‡qi `ya

Pz‡l ev †U‡b †L‡Z bv cv‡i, ZLb Zv‡K gv‡qi ey‡Ki `ya †M‡j †ei K‡i LvIqv‡bvi cÖ‡qvRb nq| g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e

gv‡qi `ya Amy¯’ wkïi Rb¨ AwZ cÖ‡qvRbxq| Amy¯’ Ae¯’vq gv‡qi `ya wkï‡K ZvovZvwo my¯’ K‡i †Zv‡j| †h

Ae¯’vq wkï gv‡qi `ya wVKg‡Zv †U‡b †L‡Z bv cv‡i Zv n‡jv:

1. Kg IR‡bi Rb¥ wkï

2. mg‡qi Av‡M Rb¥ †bIqv AcwiYZ wkï

3. Rb¥MZ ÎæwU (†VvuU KvUv, Zvjy KvUv, BZ¨vw`)

4. wbD‡gvwbqv, Kvwk, mw`©‡Z bvK eÜ _vKv

5. AwZwi³ Wvqwiqvi Kvi‡Y `ye©j n‡q cov

gv‡qi mgm¨vi Kvi‡YI gv‡S gv‡S gv‡qi `ya †M‡j wkï‡K LvIqv‡Z nq, †hgb:

1. `ya R‡g ¯Íb dz‡j †M‡j

2. ¯Í‡bi †evuUv †d‡U †M‡j ev Nv n‡j

3. ¯Í‡bi †evuUv wfZ‡ii w`‡K XyKv‡bv _vK‡j

PvKzwiRxwe gv‡qiv hviv †ek eo GKUv mgq evwoi evB‡i _v‡Kb Zviv wkïi Rb¨ `ya †M‡j msi¶Y K‡i †i‡L

†h‡Z cv‡ib, hv cieZx©‡Z wkï‡K LvIqv‡bv †h‡Z cv‡i| GQvovI Kg©Rxwe gv‡qiv Zv‡ì Kg©¯’‡j _vKvKvjxb ¯Íb

†_‡K `ya PzB‡q cov †iva Ki‡Z `ya †M‡j Zv msi¶YI Ki‡Z cv‡ib Ges cieZ©x‡Z wkï‡K LvIqv‡Z cv‡ib|

Z‡e g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e, `ya msi¶Y Ki‡Z n‡j Aek¨B wd«R _vK‡Z n‡e (Awd‡m I evmvq)|

33


Qwe K: ¯Í‡b Pvc w`‡q `ya †ei Kiv

Qwe K: Dci †_‡K wb‡P Qwe L: e„ËvKv‡i gvwjk

Kvh©µg 3: ey‡Ki `ya †M‡j †ei Kivi Rb¨ cvÎ wbe©vPb I gv‡qi KiYxq welqmg~n wk¶v

mnvqK AskMÖnYKvix‡`i `ya †M‡j ivLv wk¶v †`qvi Av‡M 2wU welq wk¶v †`‡eb:

1. `ya ivLvi cvÎwU mvevb w`‡q cwi®‹vi Kivi c×wZ

2. mvevb w`‡q gv‡qi wb‡Ri nvZ ay‡q †bqvi c×wZ| Gici nvZ w`‡q `ya †M‡j ivLvi c×wZ wkwL‡q †`‡eb|

1. GKwU eo gy‡Li evwU ev cvÎ wb‡Z n‡e| evwU ev cvÎwU‡K fv‡jv K‡i mvevb w`‡q cwi®‹vi cvwb w`‡q ay‡q

wb‡q 20 wgwbU Pzjvq Mig cvwb‡Z dzwU‡q wb‡Z n‡e, G‡Z K‡i mg¯Í RxevYy aŸsm n‡e|

2. `ya †M‡j ivLvi Av‡M gv fvjfv‡e mvevb w`‡q wb‡Ri nvZ ay‡q †b‡eb, hv‡Z K‡i nv‡Z †Kvb †ivM Rxevby

†j‡M bv _v‡K|

3. gv Avivg K‡i em‡eb| `ya Mvjvi c~‡e© m¤¢e n‡j wkï‡K wKQz mgq ¯Íb Pzl‡Z w`‡Z n‡e, G‡Z K‡i `y‡ai

cÖevn evo‡e| †Kvb Kvi‡Y wkï ya Pzl‡Z bv cvi‡j yB nvZ w`‡q wKQz¶Y Íb gvwjk (g¨vmvR) Ki‡Z n‡e,

Zvn‡j fvjfv‡e `ya Avm‡e (Qwe K I L)|

4. ey‡ov Av½yj ¯Í‡bi Dc‡ii w`‡K I evwK PviwU Av½yj wb‡P †i‡L ÔCÕ Gi g‡Zv K‡i ¯Íb‡K GKUz wfZ‡ii

w`‡K nvjKvfv‡e †U‡b wb‡q Av‡¯Í Av‡¯Í evi evi Pvc w`‡q Avevi Qvo‡Z n‡e, Gfv‡e evi evi Ki‡Z n‡e|

cÖ_‡g `ya bv Avm‡jI c‡i †duvUvq †duvUvq `ya †ei n‡q Avm‡e| GB c×wZ‡Z e¨_v cvevi K_v bq| hw`

nq Zvn‡j eyS‡Z n‡e c×wZ‡Z †Kvb fyj Av‡Q (Qwe K)|

5. ¯Í‡bi Kv‡jv As‡k Pvc w`‡q `ya †ei Ki‡Z n‡e, †evuUvq bq| †evuUvq Pvc w`‡j `ya †ei nq bv|

6. ¯Í‡bi wewfbœ Ask †_‡K Nywi‡q Nywi‡q Pvc w`‡q `ya †ei Ki‡Z n‡e (Qwe K I L)|

34


Qwe-K: Kv‡ci mvnv‡h¨ wkï‡K LvIqv‡bv

Qwe L: ¯Í‡bi wewfbœ Ask †_‡K Nywi‡q Nywi‡q `ya †ei Kiv

7. GK ¯Íb †_‡K Kgc‡¶ 3-5 wgwbU ch©šÍ `ya †ei Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i Ges †mB ¯Í‡bi `ya hLb †kl n‡q Avm‡e

ZLb Ab¨ ¯Íb †_‡K `ya †ei Ki‡Z n‡e| m¤ú~Y©fv‡e `ya †M‡j †ei Ki‡Z 20-30 wgwbU mg‡qi cÖ‡qvRb

nq|

Kvh©µg 4: Kv‡c/Pvg‡P K‡i wkï‡K ey‡Ki `ya LvIqv‡bv wk¶v

mnvqK AskMÖnYKvix‡`i Mvjv‡bv ev †ei Kiv ey‡Ki `ya wKfv‡e Kvc ev Pvg‡Pi mvnv‡h¨ wkï‡K LvIqv‡Z n‡e

Zv cyZz‡ji mvnv‡h¨ †`Lv‡eb| wk¶v ïiæi Av‡M mnvqK nvZ fv‡jv K‡i ay‡q wb‡eb|

• wkï‡K †mvRv K‡i ev Ava‡kvqv K‡i †Kv‡j emvb| GKev‡i hZUzKz `ya †`‡eb ZZUzKz Pvg‡P ev Kv‡c

wbb| Kvc/PvgP nvjKv K‡i wkïi bx‡Pi †Vvu‡U aiyb| wkïi †Vvu‡U Kvc/Pvg‡Pi †Qvuqv jvM‡j wkï gyL nv

Ki‡e Ges wRnŸv w`‡q gy‡L `ya wb‡Z _vK‡e| Gfv‡e Aí Aí K‡i `ya Pz‡l †L‡q †dj‡e|

• Kvc/PvgPwU‡K Aí GKUz KvZ K‡i aiyb hv‡Z Aí GKUz `ya wkïi †Vvu‡U jv‡M| wkïi gy‡L mivmwi `ya

Xvj‡eb bv| nvjKv K‡i Kvc/PvgPwU‡K wkïi †Vvu‡U ai‡j †m wb‡RB †L‡Z _vK‡e (Qwe K)|

35


Qwe 9: ¯Í‡bi †euvUv dvUv I Zvi mgvavb

3. mgm¨v

¯Í‡bi †euvUvi Pvgov

wQ‡j †M‡j

mwVK wbq‡g wkï‡K `ya

LvIqvb

†euvUvi Dc‡i ey‡Ki `ya

jvwM‡q wKQzÿY †iv` jvMvb|

Kvh©µg 5: ey‡Ki `ya †M‡j †ei K‡i Zv msi¶Y Kivi c×wZ Av‡jvPbv

1. Mvjv‡bv ev †ei Kiv `ya GKwU cwi®‹vi wPbvgvwUi ev Kvu‡Pi cv‡Î msi¶Y Ki‡eb Ges Kv‡uPi wcwiP w`‡q

†X‡K ivL‡eb|

2. N‡ii wfZ‡ii ¯^vfvweK ZvcgvÎvq ey‡Ki `ya 6 †_‡K 8 N›Uv ch©šÍ ivLv hvq|

3. wkï‡K hLb LvIqv‡Z n‡e ZLb GKev‡i hZUzKz `ya †m Lv‡e ZZUzKz `ya evwU‡Z †b‡eb Ges evwUwU

nvjKv Mig cvwb‡Z wKQz¶Y †i‡L `yaUzKz nvjKv Mig K‡i wb‡Z n‡e| G `ya AvMy‡b ev Pzjvq Mig Kiv

hv‡e bv, G‡Z `y‡ai cywó¸Y bó n‡q hv‡e|

5. 1.6: ¯Í‡bi wewfbœ mgm¨v I mgvavb

mgq: 1 N›Uv


• wkï‡K gv‡qi ¯Í‡b mwVKfv‡e bv jvMv‡j ¯Í‡bi wK wK mgm¨v †`Lv w`‡Z cv‡i Zv Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb I Zvi

mgvavb wkL‡eb Ges cieZ©x‡Z gv‡K nv‡Z Kj‡g mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

• gv wkï‡K hv‡Z mdjfv‡e 6 gvm eqm ch©šÍ ïaygvÎ ey‡Ki `ya Ges `yB eQi eqm ch©šÍ evowZ Lvev‡ii

cvkvcvwk ey‡Ki `ya LvIqv‡Z cv‡i †mB e¨vcv‡i mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

• wKfv‡e ey‡Ki `y‡ai cwigvY evov‡bv hvq †mB e¨vcv‡i gv‡K civgk© w`‡Z cvi‡eb|

wkï‡K mwVKfv‡e bv ai‡j ev gv‡qi mv‡_ wkïi Ae¯’vb mwVK bv n‡j wkï gv‡qi ¯Íb mwVKfv‡e gy‡L wb‡Z cv‡i

bv A_©vr ms¯’vcbI mwVK nq bv, d‡j wkï fv‡jvfv‡e ey‡Ki `ya †U‡b †L‡Z cv‡i bv| Avi wkï fv‡jvfv‡e gv‡qi

`ya †L‡Z bv cvi‡j gv‡qi ¯Í‡bi wewfbœ mgm¨v †`Lv †`q|

1. ¯Í‡bi †euvUv dvUv

A‡bK gv Rv‡bb bv wKfv‡e wkï‡K ¯Í‡b jvMv‡Z nq, Zviv g‡b K‡ib ¯Í‡bi †euvUv Pyl‡jB `ya cvIqv hvq| G aviYv

mwVK bq| Gi d‡j GKw`‡K †hgb wkï cÖ‡qvRbg‡Zv gv‡qi `ya cvq bv Ab¨w`‡K †Zgb ¯Í‡bI mgm¨v †`Lv †`q,

†hgb ¯Í‡bi †euvUv dvUv| wkï hLb ïay †euvUv Pzl‡Z _v‡K (A_©vr ¯Í‡bi †euvUvi Pvicv‡ki Kv‡jv Ask Qvov) ZLb

wkï fvjfv‡e `ya cvq bv| †ekx `ya cvIqvi Rb¨ wkï ¯Í‡bi †euvUv AwZwi³ Pzl‡Z _v‡K| GB AwZwi³ Pv‡ci d‡j

†euvUvi Pvicv‡ki Pvgov †d‡U jvj n‡q hvq Ges †euvUvq ¶Z ev Nv-Gi m„wó nq| †euvUvi Pvgov †d‡U †M‡j Zv w`‡q

RxevYy ¯Í‡bi wfZi cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges ZLb Lye e¨_v nq Ges i³¶iYI n‡Z cv‡i (Qwe: 9)|

36


mgvavb: wkï‡K gv‡qi ey‡K mwVKfv‡e jvMv‡Z n‡e ev ai‡Z n‡e| †euvUv Ges Zvi Pvicv‡ki Kv‡jv Askmn wkïi

gy‡L w`‡Z n‡e| †euvUv †ewk †d‡U †M‡j `ya LvIqv‡bvi †k‡l ¯Í‡bi Mvp `ya GKUz †ei K‡i dvUv ¯’v‡b jvwM‡q

ivL‡Z n‡e Ges m¤¢e n‡j wKQz mgq †iv` jvMv‡Z n‡e| myweavg‡Zv mg‡q ¯Í‡b GKUz †Lvjv evZvm jvMv‡Z n‡e|

¯Í‡b mvevb ev wµg jvMv‡bv hv‡e bv| cwi®‹vi wXjvXvjv mywZi Kvco ci‡Z n‡e| `ya LvIqv‡Z gv‡qi hw` A‡bK

e¨_v jv‡M Zvn‡j `ya †M‡j wkï‡K LvIqv‡Z n‡e| g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e KLbB wkï‡K `ya LvIqv‡bv eÜ Kiv Pj‡e bv|

cÖ‡qvR‡b wPwKrm‡Ki civgk© wb‡Z n‡e| Z‡e gv hw` mwVKfv‡e ¯Í‡bi †euvUvmn Kv‡jv Ask cy‡ivcywi gy‡L w`‡q

wkï‡K `ya LvIqvb Zvn‡j G mgm¨v †`Lv †`‡e bv|

2. ¯Íb †dvjv

nVvr K‡i ¯Íb `y‡a cwic~Y© n‡q †M‡j ¯Íb dz‡j k³ n‡q hvq| we‡kl K‡i cÖm‡ei Z…Zxq w`‡b hLb Lye †ekx cwigv‡

`ya Av‡m ZLb G mgm¨v †`Lv †`q| G‡Z ¯Í‡b Lye e¨_v nq, Ggb wK gv‡qi R¡iI Avm‡Z cv‡i| ¯Íb †`L‡Z jvj

I PKP‡K n‡q hvq| R‡b¥i ciciB wkï‡K ey‡Ki `ya bv LvIqv‡j, Nb Nb ¯Íb Pzl‡Z bv w`‡j ev wkï †U‡b †L‡Z

bv cvi‡j, gv‡qi ey‡K wkïi ms¯’vcb mwVK bv n‡j G mgm¨v †ewk †`Lv †`q|

mgvavb: gv‡qi ¯Íb dz‡j k³ n‡q †M‡j wkï fv‡jvfv‡e ¯Íb ai‡Z cv‡i bv ev gy‡L wb‡Z cv‡i bv, d‡j wkï `ya

†L‡Z cv‡i bv| ZvB Av‡M ey‡Ki `ya †ei K‡i ¯Íb big K‡i wkï‡K Pzl‡Z w`‡Z n‡e| ¯Í‡b hw` Lye †ewk e¨_v nq

Zvn‡j cÖwZevi `ya LvIqv‡bvi Av‡M Mig cvwb‡Z †gvUv Kvco ev †Zvqv‡j wfwR‡q ¯Í‡bi (Kv‡jv Ask ev` w`‡q)

Pvicv‡k †muK w`‡Z n‡e (Qwe 10)| †muK †`evi ci nvZ w`‡q †P‡c `ya †ei Ki‡Z n‡e hZ¶Y ch©šÍ ¯Íb wKQyUv

big bv nq| ¯Íb big n‡j gv Abvqv‡m wkï‡K `ya LvIqv‡Z cvi‡eb, e¨_v jvM‡e bv| †ei Kiv `ya wkï‡K

LvIqv‡bvi cÖ‡qvRb bvB, KviY G `y‡a wkïi †cU f‡i †M‡j ¯Í‡bi `ya †U‡b †L‡Z PvB‡e bv| `ya LvIqv‡bv †kl

n‡j ¯Í‡b Avevi VvÐv cvwbi †muK w`‡Z n‡e| VvÐv cvwbi †muK w`‡j `ªæZ `ya ˆZwi n‡q ¯Íb Avevi cwic~Y© n‡q hv‡e

bv| gv hLbB ¯Íb fvix Abyfe Ki‡eb ZLbB Mig cvwbi †muK w`‡q `ya †P‡c †ei K‡i †dj‡eb, GQvovI evi evi

wkï‡K ey‡Ki `ya LvIqv‡eb|

Qwe 10: ¯Íb †dvjv I Zvi mgvavb

¯Í‡b `ya Rgv n‡q

k³ n‡q †M‡j

ev”Pv `ya †L‡Z bv cvi‡j

†P‡c `ya †ei K‡i †djyb|

GK UzKiv Kvco Mig cvwb‡Z

wfwR‡q †P‡c ¯Í‡b †mK w`b|

ev”Pv‡K NbNb

k³ n‡q hvIqv

¯Í‡bi `ya

LvIqvb

37


3. ¯Í‡bi †euvUv †fZ‡i XyKv‡bv

gv‡q‡`i ¯Í‡bi †euvUv mvaviYZt †PvLv _v‡K hv‡Z wkï mn‡RB gy‡L

wb‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e †Kvb †Kvb gv‡qi ¯Í‡bi †euvUv mgvb A_ev wfZ‡ii

w`‡K XzKv‡bv _v‡K (Qwe 11)| GgZve¯’vq †ewki fvM †ÿ‡ÎB gv

wkï‡K wVKg‡Zv ya LvIqv‡Z cv‡ib bv, Z‡e GRb¨ cÖm‡ei Av‡M Ges

c‡i wKQz cÖ¯‘wZi cÖ‡qvRb Av‡Q|

mgvavb :

Mf©ve¯’v †_‡KB †Mvm‡ji mgq ¯Í‡bi †evuUv cwi¯‹vi Ki‡Z n‡e Ges cÖwZw`b GKevi K‡i †evuUv nvZ w`‡q †U‡b

IVv‡Z n‡e| GQvovI cÖm‡ei ciciB nvZ w`‡q †U‡b †evuUv IVv‡Z n‡e I wkï‡K gv‡qi ey‡Ki Kv‡jv Askmn Nb

Nb Pzl‡Z w`‡Z n‡e| wkï‡K hw` evi evi ¯Íb Pzl‡Z †`Iqv nq ev †Póv K‡i Z‡e 3/4 w`‡bi g‡a¨B †evuUv D‡V

Av‡m (Qwe 12)|

5. 1.7: chv©ß `ya cÖvwßi j¶Y

cÖwk¶Y †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY-

• gv hv‡Z wkï‡K Kgc‡¶ `yB eQi ch©šÍ mdjfv‡e ey‡Ki `ya LvIqv‡Z cv‡ib †mB e¨vcv‡i mvnvh¨

Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

Kvh©µg 1: ch©vß `ya cÖvwßi j¶Y wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv

Kvh©µg 2: gv‡qi ey‡K ch©vß `ya ˆZwi bv nIqvi KviY wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv

Kvh©µg 3: gv‡qi `ya evov‡bvi Dcvq wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv

mgq: 40 wgwbU

Kvh©µg 1: ch©vß `ya cÖvwßi j¶Y

wkï hw` ch©vß cwigv‡Y gv‡qi `ya cvq Zvn‡j wb‡gœv³ j¶Y¸†jv cÖKvk cvq:

1. w`‡b I iv‡Z 24 N›Uvq Kgc‡¶ 6 evi ev Zvi †ekx cÖmve K‡i (GwUB me‡P‡q wbf©i‡hvM¨ j¶Y)

Qwe 12: †euvUv nvZ w`‡q †U‡b IVv‡bv Ges wkï‡K `ya LvIqv‡bv

1. mgm¨v

¯Í‡bi †euvUv †fZ‡ii

w`‡K Xz‡K _vK‡j

Mf©ve¯’v †_‡K †Mvm‡ji mgq

†evUv nvZ w`‡q †U‡b IVvb|

wkï‡K NbNb `ya LvIqvb|

38

Qwe 11: ¯Í‡bi †euvUv wfZ‡ii w`‡K XzKv‡bv


2. cÖwZ gv‡m wkïi IRb e„w× cvq

3. `ya LvIqvi gv‡S wkï nvwmLywk _v‡K, kvšÍfv‡e Nygvq Ges cwiZ…ß _v‡K

4. w`‡b I iv‡Z 8 †_‡K 10 evi ey‡Ki `ya Lvq

Kvh©µg 2: gv‡qi ey‡K ch©vß `ya ˆZwi bv nIqvi KviY

hw` Dc‡i D‡jøwLZ j¶Y¸†jv wkïi g‡a¨ cÖKvk bv cvq Z‡e eyS‡Z n‡e wkï ch©vß cwigv‡Y gv‡qi `ya cv‡”Q bv|

ch©vß cwigv‡Y `ya bv cvIqvi `ywU KviY _vK‡Z cv‡i; ÎæwUhy³ c×wZ‡Z wkï‡K `ya LvIqv‡bv, wkïi kvwiixK

mgm¨vi Rb¨ `ya †U‡b †L‡Z bv cviv Ges gv‡qi ey‡K ch©vß cwigv‡Y `ya ˆZwi bv nIqv| wkï hw` m¤ú~Y© my¯’ _v‡K

Ges mwVK c×wZ‡Z `ya LvIqv‡bv nq Zvn‡j eyS‡Z n‡e gv‡qi ey‡K ch©vß cwigv‡Y `ya ˆZwi n‡”Q bv| wewfbœ

Kvi‡Y GUv n‡Z cv‡i, †hgb:

1. wkï‡K kvj`ya bv LvIqv‡bv ev †ìx‡Z LvIqv‡bv

2. ey‡Ki `ya LvIqv‡bvi mgq gv‡qi ev wkïi Ae¯’vb mwVK bv nIqv we‡kl K‡i ¯Í‡bi Kv‡jv Ask cy‡ivcywi

gy‡L bv †Ìqv

3. wkï‡K 6 gvm eq‡mi Av‡MB gv‡qi `ya Qvov Ab¨ †Kvb Lvevi ev cvbxq †Ìqv, G‡Z K‡i wkï ey‡Ki `ya

Kg Lv‡e, d‡j gv‡qi ey‡K `ya Kg ˆZwi n‡e|

4. wkïi Pvwn`v Abyhvqx ey‡Ki `ya bv LvIqv‡bv A_ev A‡bK¶Y ci ci ey‡Ki `ya LvIqv‡bv

5. hZ¶Y wkï †L‡Z Pvq ZZ¶Y †L‡Z bv †Ìqv ev Aí mgq wb‡q LvIqv‡bv

6. iv‡Z †ìx K‡i `ya LvIqv‡bv

7. Kg©Rxwe gv‡q‡ì †¶‡Î A‡bK mgq weiwZ w`‡q (3 N›Uv ev Zvi †ekx) ey‡Ki `ya †P‡c †ei Kiv

Kvh©µg 3: gv‡qi ey‡Ki `ya evov‡bvi Dcvq

wb‡gœ D‡jøwLZ c×wZ Aej¤^b K‡i gv‡qi ey‡K `y‡ai Drcv`b evov‡bv hvq:

1. `ya LvIqv‡bvi mgq gv I wkïi mwVK Ae¯’vb I gv‡qi ey‡K wkïi mwVK ms¯’vcb wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e| gv‡K

nv‡Z a‡i †`wL‡q w`‡Z n‡e Ges KvRwU mwVKfv‡e Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z n‡e|

2. 6 gvm eq‡mi g‡a¨ wkï hLbB `ya †L‡Z PvB‡e ZLbB †L‡Z w`‡Z n‡e| mgq wb‡q wkï‡K `ya LvIqv‡Z n‡e|

g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e, wkï hZ †ewk `ya Lv‡e ZZ †ewk gv‡qi ey‡K `ya ˆZwi n‡e| G†ÿ‡Î cwiev‡ii Ab¨vb¨

m`m¨‡ì mn‡hvwMZv Ki‡Z n‡e| w`‡b I iv‡Z wkï‡K Kgc‡¶ 8-10 evi ey‡Ki `ya LvIqv‡Z n‡e|

3. GK ¯Íb †_‡K cwic~Y©fv‡e `ya LvIqv‡bvi ci Av‡iK ¯Í‡bi `ya LvIqv‡bv ïiæ Ki‡Z n‡e| g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e,

GKev‡i ïay GK ¯Í‡bi `yaB Lv‡e|

4. iv‡Zi †ejvq wkï‡K ev‡i ev‡i ey‡Ki `ya LvIqv‡Z n‡e, Zvn‡j c‡ii w`b cÖPzi `ya ˆZwi n‡e|

5. gv‡K cÖwZ‡ejvq Lvevi †ekx K‡i †L‡Z n‡e| w`‡b AšÍZt `yBevi cÖvYxR Avwgl (gvQ/gvsm/KwjRv/wWg) †L‡Z

n‡e, GQvov djI †L‡Z n‡e| w`‡b 8-10 Møvm cvwb †L‡Z n‡e| wekªvg wb‡Z n‡e|

6. gv‡qi wb‡Ri Dc‡i Av¯’v ivL‡Z n‡e|

5. 1.8: evowZ Lvevi wK Ges cvwievwiK evowZ Lvev‡ii ¸iæZ¡


• evowZ Lvevi Kv‡K e‡j Zv Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|

• cvwievwiK evowZ Lvevi LvIqv‡bvi DcKvwiZv I bv LvIqv‡bvi AcKvwiZv wK Zv Rvb‡eb|

• †Kb GKwU wkï‡K 6 gvm eqm c~Y© nIqvi ci †_‡K cvwievwiK evowZ Lvevi w`‡Z n‡e Zv ej‡Z

cvi‡eb|

39



Kvh©µg 1: evowZ Lvevi wK Ges wkï‡K 6 gvm c~Y© nIqvi ci ev 7 gvm eqm †_‡K (181 w`b) gv‡qi

`y‡ai cvkvcvwk cvwievwiK evowZ Lvevi LvIqv‡bvi MyiæZ¡ wb‡q A‡jvPbv|

Kvh©µg 2: cvwievwiK evowZ Lvevi LvIqv‡bvi DcKvwiZv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv|

Kvh©µg 3: cvwievwiK evowZ Lvevi bv LvIqv‡bvi AcKvwiZv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv|

Kvh©µg 1: evowZ Lvevi wK Ges wkï‡K 6 gvm c~Y© nIqvi ci ev 7 gvm eqm †_‡K (181 w`b) gv‡qi

`y‡ai cvkvcvwk cvwievwiK evowZ Lvevi LvIqv‡bvi ¸iæZ¡¡

• mnvqK AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Kv‡Q Rvb‡Z PvB‡eb evowZ Lvevi ej‡Z Zviv wK †ev‡Sb| AskMÖnYKvix‡ì

gZvgZ †R‡b mnvqK AviI fv‡jvfv‡e evowZ Lvevi m¤^‡Ü ej‡eb|

• mnvqK c‡i cvwievwiK evowZ Lvevi LvIqv‡bvi ¸iæZ¡ eywS‡q ej‡eb|

1. wkïi 6 gvm eqm c~Y© nevi ci gv‡qi `y‡ai cvkvcvwk †h Lvevi LvIqv‡bv nq Zv‡KB evowZ Lvevi e‡j| wkïi

6 gvm eqm c~Y© n‡q hvevi ci †_‡K Zvi mwVKfv‡e †e‡o IVvi Rb¨ gv‡qi `y‡ai cvkvcvwk evowZ Lvevi

†Ìqvi cÖ‡qvRb nq| g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e, evowZ Lvev‡ii cvkvcvwk wkï‡K Aek¨B Kgc‡¶ 2 eQi eqm ch©šÍ

gv‡qi `ya LvIqv‡bv Pvwj‡q †h‡Z n‡e|

2. Dc‡ii Qwe‡Z †`Lv hv‡”Q †h, 2 eQi eqm ch©šÍ wkïi cÖ‡qvRbxq cywói †ewkifvMB Av‡m ey‡Ki `ya †_‡K|

ZvB 2 eQi eqm ch©šÍ wkï‡K ey‡Ki `ya LvIqv‡bv Pvwj‡q hvIqv DwPZ| 7-8 gvm eqm †_‡K gv‡qi `ya †_‡K

cvIqv kw³ QvovI w`‡b wkïi AviI 200 wK‡jvK¨vjwi, 9-11 gvm eq‡m 300 wK‡jvK¨vjwi, Ges 12-23 gvm

eq‡m 550 wK‡jvK¨vjwi, kw³i cÖ‡qvRb| G evowZ kw³ wkï 7 gvm eqm †_‡K ïiæ Kiv evowZ Lvevi †_‡K

†c‡q _v‡K|

3. cwiev‡ii mKj m`m¨‡ì Rb¨ †h Lvevi ivbœv Kiv nq Zv‡K cvwievwiK Lvevi e‡j| G cvwievwiK Lvevi

fvjfv‡e PUwK‡q big, Nb I cywóKi K‡i wkï‡K †L‡Z †Ìqv n‡j Zv‡K cvwievwiK evowZ Lvevi e‡j| A_©vr

gv‡qi `y‡ai cvkvcwk hLb wkïi evowZ Lvev‡ii cÖ‡qvRb nq ZLb Zv‡K cvwievwiK Lvev‡i Af¨¯Í Ki‡Z nq|

Qwe 13: eqm Abyhvqx evowZ Lvev‡ii Pvwn`v

cÖwZ

w`‡bi cÖ‡qvR

b (wK

‡jvK

¨vjwi)

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0

0-2 gvm 3-6 gvm 7-8 gvm 9-11 gvm 12-23 gvm

evowZ Lvevi

ey‡Ki `ya

40


Zvi Rb¨ Avjv`vfv‡e †Kvb wKQz ivbœv Kivi cÖ‡qvRb †bB| G‡Z gv‡qi †hgb myweav nq †Zgwb wkï N‡i ˆZix

cywóKi Lvevi †L‡Z cv‡i| cvwievwiK Lvevi hv wkï †L‡Z cv‡i †m¸‡jv n‡jv fvZ, kvK-mewR, gvQ, gvsm,

wWg, KwjRv, Wvj, BZ¨vw`|

4. 6 gvm eqm c~Y© n‡j wkï evowZ Lvevi mn‡R †L‡Z I wMj‡Z wk‡L, cvkvcvwk nRgI Ki‡Z cv‡i| G mgq

wkï‡K evowZ Lvevi LvIqv‡bvi Af¨vm bv Ki‡j cieZ©x‡Z †m Nb, k³ I wewfbœ ¯^v‡ì Lvevi †L‡Z wkL‡e bv

Ges wewfbœ ai‡Yi Lvev‡ii Afv‡e Acywói wkKvi n‡e|

†bvU: g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e, 6 gvm c~Y© nIqvi Av‡M wkï‡K evowZ Lvevi †`qv ïiæ Ki‡j wkï gv‡qi `ya LvIqv Kwg‡q

†`‡e, d‡j wkïi kix‡i cÖ‡qvRbxq cywói NvUwZ n‡e|

Kvh©µg 2: wkïi cvwievwiK Lvev‡ii DcKvwiZv

mnvqK AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Kv‡Q wkï‡K cvwievwiK Lvevi LvIqv‡bvi DcKvwiZv wK Zv Rvb‡Z PvB‡eb Ges c‡i

we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb|

wkïi cvwievwiK Lvev‡ii DcKvwiZv

1. wkïi eqm 6 gvm c~Y© nevi ci gv‡qi `y‡ai cvkvcwk wkï‡K N‡i ˆZix cywóKi Lvevi †Ìqvi cÖ‡qvRb nq,

G†Z wkïi kvwiixK e„w× I gvbwmK ev eyw×e„wËK weKv‡ki Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq evowZ kw³i Pvwn`v c~iY nq|

2. cvwievwiK Lvev‡i wewfbœ ai‡Yi Lv`¨ Dcv`vb _v‡K, Avi wewfbœ ai‡Yi Lv`¨ Dcv`vb †_‡K A‡bK †ewk cywó

cvIqv hvq| wkï kix‡i hZ †ewk cywó Dcv`vb cvq Zvi †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv ZZ ev‡o, A_©vr AmyL-wemyL Kg

nq|

Kvh©µg 3: wkï‡K cvwievwiK Lvevi bv LvIqv‡bvi AcKvwiZv

mnvqK AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Kv‡Q Rvb‡Z PvB‡eb mwVK mg‡q evowZ Lvevi ïiæ bv Ki‡j wkïi wK wK ¶wZ n‡Z

cv‡i| mevi gZvgZ †R‡b wZwb mwVK Z_¨ Rvbv‡eb|

wkï‡K cvwievwiK Lvevi bv LvIqv‡bvi AcKvwiZv

1. wkï‡K hw` eqm Abyhvqx h‡_ó cwigv‡Y cywóKi Lvevi †Ìqv bv nq Z‡e wkïi kvixwiK e„w× I gvbwmK ev

eyw×e„wËK weKvk wVKg‡Zv nq bv| kvixwiKfv‡e m¶g bv n‡j ev eyw×e„wË ¯^vfvweK bv n‡j fwel¨‡Z †m Kg©¶g

n‡Z cvi‡e bv| d‡j †m cwiev‡ii †Kvb DcKvi Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv, D‡ëv cwiev‡ii †evSv n‡q hv‡e|

2. wkïi cÖ‡qvRbxq cywói Pvwn`v hw` c~iY bv nq Z‡e Zvi †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv K‡g hv‡e Ges wewfbœ AmyL-

wemy‡L AvµvšÍ n‡e| G†Z K‡i cwiev‡i wPwKrmv I Jl‡ai LiP †e‡o hvq|

3. cÖ‡qvRbxq Avqib ev †jŠ‡ni NvUwZi Rb¨ wkïi i³¯^íZv n‡Z cv‡i| i³¯^íZv n‡j wkïi Lvev‡ii cÖwZ iæwP

P‡j hvq, d‡j wkï `ye©j n‡q c‡o I AviI Acywó‡Z AvµvšÍ nq| G cÖ‡qvRbxq Avqib wkï †c‡q _v‡K gv‡qi

`ya I cvwievwiK evowZ Lvevi †_‡K|

4. wkïKv‡j Acywó‡Z AvµvšÍ n‡j mvivRxebB Gi cÖfve †_‡K hvq| †g‡q wkï n‡j cieZx©‡Z †m hLb gv n‡e

ZLb Zvi g„Zz¨ SzuwK †e‡o hvq, cvkvcvwk †m Acyó wkïiI Rb¥ †`q|

5. 1.9: wkïi cvwievwiK Lvev‡ii 7wU g~j êwkó¨


• wkïi cvwievwiK Lvev‡ii mvZwU (7wU) g~j êwkó¨ fv‡jvfv‡e Rvb‡eb I ej‡Z cvi‡eb|

41


42

†gvU mgqt 1 N›Uv

wkïi cvwievwiK Lvev‡ii 7wU g~j êwkó¨:

1. Lvev‡ii cwigvY

2. evi/w`‡b KZevi

3. Lvev‡ii NbZ¡

4. Lv‡`ï Dcv`vb

5. Bkviv ey‡S LvIqv‡bv

6. mvevb w`‡q nvZ †avqv

7. Amy¯’ wkï‡K LvIqv‡bv

Kvh©µg 1: 7 gvm eqm †_‡K 24 gvm eqmx wkï‡ì †Kvb eq‡m wK cwigvY I KZevi evowZ Lvevi †L‡Z

w`‡Z n‡e Zv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv|

Kvh©µg 2: Lvev‡ii NbZ¡ wb‡q Av‡jvPbv|

Kvh©µg 3: wewfbœ ai‡Yi Lv`¨ wbe©vPb wb‡q Av‡jvPbv|

Kvh©µg 4: wkïi Bkviv ey‡S LvIqv‡bv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv|

Kvh©µg 5: Lvevi ˆZixi Av‡M Ges wkï‡K LvIqv‡bvi Av‡M mvevb w`‡q nvZ †avqv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv|

Kvh©µg 6: Amy¯’ wkï‡K LvIqv‡bv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv|

Kvh©µg 1: c~Y© 6 gvm ev 7 gvm eqm †_‡K 24 gvm eqmx wkï‡ì eqm Abyhvqx cÖwZw`b wK cwigvY Lvevi

KZevi †L‡Z †Ìqv DwPZ


• wkïi eqm 6 gvm c~Y© nevi ci A_©vr 7 gvm †_‡K 24 gvm eqm wewfbœ mg‡q wkï‡K cÖwZw`b wK

cwigvb Lvevi KZevi LvIqv‡Z n‡e Zv Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|

• AskMÖnYKvixMY wewfbœ ai‡Yi Lvevi †_‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq Lvevi wbe©vPb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

• evwU‡Z †g‡c wkïi Rb¨ Lvevi ˆZix Ki‡Z cvi‡eb Ges gv‡K †kLv‡Z cvi‡eb|

wkïi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq cvwievwiK Lvev‡ii cwigvb I evi

• mnvqK 250 wg:wj: gv‡ci 1wU evwU w`‡q Lvevi gvcv †kLv‡eb|

• wg:wj: gv‡ci evwU w`‡q wewfbœ gv‡ci evwU‡Z `vM †Ìqv wkwL‡q †`‡eb|


43

wb‡gœi QK I Qwei gva¨‡g wkïi eqm Abyhvqx Lvev‡ii cwigvY I evi †`Lv‡bv n‡jv:

* wkïi 23 gvm eqm ch©šÍ Gfv‡eB Lvev‡ii cwigvY I evi AbymiY Ki‡Z n‡e

eqm cwigvY evi w`‡bi †gvU Lvevi

6-8 gvm

eqm (c~Y©)

250 wg: wj: (1 †cvqv)

evwUi Avav (1/2) evwU

2 evi + 1-2 evi N‡i

ˆZwi cywóKi bv¯Ív

9-11 gvm

eqm (c~Y©)

250 wg: wj: (1 †cvqv)

evwUi Avav (1/2) evwU



12-23 gvm

eqm (c~Y©)

250 wg: wj: (1 †cvqv)

evwUi GK (1) evwU



gv‡qi ey‡Ki `ya (wkï hZevi PvB‡e)

+ cvwievwiK Lvevi (cÖvYxR Lvevi †hgb: wWg, gyiwM,

gvsm, KwjRv, gvQ)

+ kK©iv RvZxq Lv`¨ †hgb: Pvj, Mg, Avjy BZ¨vw`

+ wewfbœ ai‡Yi Wvj RvZxq Lvevi I ev`vg †hgb:

gmy‡ii Wvj, gy‡Mi Wvj, wm‡gi wewP, ev`vg BZ¨vw`

+ iwOb kvK-mewR I dj

+ Ab¨vb¨ kvKme&wR I dj

cvwievwiK Lvevi (cÖvYxR Lvevi †hgb: wWg, gyiwM,

gvsm, KwjRv, gvQ)

+ kK©iv RvZxq Lv`¨ †hgb: Pvj, Mg, Avjy BZ¨vw`



+ iwOb kvK-mewR I dj

+ Ab¨vb¨ kvKme&wR I dj Ges 1-2 evi cywóKi bv¯Ív

cvwievwiK Lvevi (cÖvYxR Lvevi †hgb: wWg, gyiwM, gvsm,

KwjRv, gvQ, kK©iv RvZxq Lv`¨ †hgb: Pvj, Mg, Avjy

BZ¨vw`)



+ iwOb kvK-me&wR I dj

+ Ab¨vb¨ kvKme&wR I dj) Ges 1-2 evi cywóKi bv¯Ív

e

v

o

w

Z

L

v

e

v

‡

i

i

c

v

k

v

c

v

w

k

g

v

‡

q

i

e

y‡

K

i

`

ya

w

`

‡

Z

n

‡

e

Qwe 14: wkïi evowZ Lvev‡ii cwigvb

6 gvm c~Y© - 8 gvm c~Y© wkïi Lvevi

250 wg.wj. evwUi 1/2 evwU w`‡b 2 evi

9 - 11 gvm c~Y©

wkïi Lvevi

250 wg.wj. evwUi

1/2 evwU w`‡b

3 evi mv‡_ cywóKi

bv¯Ív 2 evi

12 - 24 gvm c~Y©

wkïi Lvevi

250 wg.wj. evwUi

1 evwU w`‡b

3 evi + mv‡_

cywóKi bv¯Ív 2 evi


44

wkï‡K LvIqv‡bvi e¨vcv‡i wKQz Kzms¯‹vi/fzj aviYv:

• wkïi AmyL n‡j Zvi LvIqv eÜ K‡i †`qv

• wkïi Wvqwiqv n‡j gv‡qi `ya Lv‡”Q Ggb wkïi gv kvK-me&wR LvIqv eÜ K‡i †`qv

• Wvqwiqv n‡j ¯^vfvweK Lvevi †L‡Z bv †`qv

• `vgx Lvev‡i cywó †ekx

• 6 gv‡mi Av‡M wkï‡K evowZ Lvevi LvIqv‡bv fvj

• evowZ Lvev‡i wkïi Wvqwiqv/cvZjv cvqLvbv nq


• wewfbœ eq‡m wkïi evowZ Lvev‡ii NbZ¡ †Kgb n‡e Zv Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|

• Lvev‡ii NbZ¡ wKfv‡e wVK ivL‡Z n‡e Zv wkL‡eb Ges gv‡K †kLv‡Z cvi‡eb|

Kvh©µg 2: cvwievwiK Lvev‡ii NbZ¡

1. Lvev‡ii NbZ¡ wVK n‡j wkïi LveviwU cywóKi n‡e| wkï

Lvevi wMj‡Z, wPev‡Z I wewfbœ Lvev‡ii ¯^v` eyS‡Z wkL‡e|

2. wkïi Lvevi †hb †ekx Zij ev cvZjv bv nq| Lvevi hZ †ekx

Zij ev cvZjv n‡e, Lvev‡ii cywógvb ZZ K‡g hv‡e| g‡b

ivL‡Z n‡e, wkïi †cU Lye †QvU, ZvB cvZjv Lvevi w`‡j

Aí‡ZB Zvi †cU f‡i hv‡e Ges Kg cwigv‡Y Lvevi †L‡Z

cvi‡e (Qwe 14)|

3. wkïi Lvevi ˆZwi Kivi mgq †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e fv‡Zi cwigvY †hb Kg nq, Zv bv n‡j ïay fv‡Z wkïi

†cU f‡i hv‡e, wewfbœ ai‡Yi Lvevi †L‡Z cvi‡e bv|

4. wkï‡K Nb Wvj w`‡Z n‡e| Wv‡ji Dc‡ii cvwb †`Iqv hv‡e bv, GgbwK ZiKvwii †SvjI bv, G‡Z Lvevi

cvZjv n‡q cywógvY K‡g hv‡e|

5. w`‡b GKevi n‡jI gvQ A_ev gvsm A_ev gyiwMi KwjRv A_ev wWg A_©vr †h‡Kvb GK ai‡Yi cÖvYxR

Avwgl fv‡Zi mv‡_ w`‡Z n‡e|

6. gvLv‡bv LveviwU Ggb n‡e †hb Zv PvgP/nvZ w`‡q Zzj‡j mn‡R c‡o bv hvq (Qwe 15)|

7. wkïiv 8-9 gvm eqm †_‡K wb‡R wb‡R nvZ w`‡q a‡i Lvevi gy‡L w`‡Z cv‡i, GB Kvi‡Y GB eq‡m bv¯Ív

wnmv‡e †QvU †QvU UzKiv Lvevi, †hgb wgwó Kzgov fvwR/Kjv fvwR/gyiwMi KwjRv/wWg (wkï †hfv‡e †L‡Z

cQ›` K‡i), GQvovI †h‡Kvb †gŠmygx d‡ji †QvU †QvU UzKiv, †hgb cvKv Avg, †cu‡c, †cqviv, KvuVvj,

BZ¨vw` w`‡j †m wb‡R wb‡R nvZ w`‡q Zz‡j †L‡Z cvi‡e|

÷gvK/†cU

Qwe 15: Lvev‡ii NbZ¡


Qwe 16: wbe©vwPZ Lvevi

45

Kvh©µg 3: wewfbœ ai‡Yi Lv`¨ wbe©vPb

†mkb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY-

• 7-24 gvm eqmx wkï‡ì wK wK ai‡Yi cywóKi Lvevi w`‡Z n‡e Zv Rvb‡Z I ej‡Z cvi‡eb|

• †Kb Gme Lvevi w`‡Z n‡e Zv eyS‡Z cvi‡eb|

wkïi Lvevi ˆZwii †¶‡Î cwiev‡ii Rb¨ ivbœv Kiv Lvevi †_‡K cywóKi Lvevi wbe©vPb Kiv LyeB ïiæZ¡¡¡c~Y©| j¶¨

ivL‡Z n‡e, w`‡b Kgc‡¶ GKevi n‡jI †hb cÖvYxR Lvevi, †hgb gvQ A_ev gvsm A_ev gyiwMi KwjRv A_ev wWg

_v‡K| evKx mgq cÖvYxR Avwgl bv _vK‡j Wvj ev Wvj RvZxq (Dw™¢R Avwgl) Lvevi _vKv DwPZ| †QvU gvQ ev

gvsm cvUvq wc‡k fv‡Zi mv‡_ †g‡L LvIqv‡bv hvq| `B, `y‡ai ˆZix cv‡qm bv¯Ív wnmv‡e _vKv DwPZ| GQvov wgwó

Kzgov fvwR, Kjv fvwR, cvKv Avg, cvKv †c‡c, KuvVvj, UK RvZxq dj BZ¨vw` LveviI wkï‡K w`‡Z n‡e| wkï‡K

LvIqv‡bvi mgq Avjv`vfv‡e cvwb LvIqv‡bvi ìKvi †bB G†Z Zvi †QvU †cU f‡i hv‡e Ges Zvi Rb¨ ˆZwi Kiv

cy‡ivUv Lvevi †L‡Z cvi‡e bv| wkï‡K cvwbi cwie‡Z© ey‡Ki `ya LvIqv‡Z n‡e, G†Z wkï AviI †ekx cywó cv‡e|

g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e, wkïi gy‡LI ¯^v` Av‡Q, wkïiv wewfbœ ai‡Yi Lvevi †L‡Z fv‡jvev‡m, ZvB Zvi Lvev‡i bZzb bZzb

DcKiY †hvM Ki‡Z n‡e|

Lvevi ˆZwii c×wZ

cÖ_‡g 250 wg:wj: gv‡ci GKwU evwU wb‡Z n‡e| evwU‡Z avivevwnKfv‡e cÖvYxR Avwgl, Nb Wvj Ges mewR wb‡q

evwKUzKz fvZ w`‡q c~iY Ki‡Z n‡e| Av‡MB fvZ †bqv hv‡e bv, Zvn‡j fv‡Zi cwigvY †ewk n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i|

mewKQz †bIqvi ci GKmv‡_ gvL‡Z n‡e| †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e, †gvU ˆZwi Kiv Lvev‡ii cwigvb hv‡Z eqm Abyhvqx

1/2 evwU ev 1 evwU nq (Qwe 16)|

Kvh©µg 4: wkïi Bkviv ey‡S LvIqv‡bv

• mnvqK AskMÖnYKvix‡ì wRÁvmv Ki‡eb wkïi Bkviv ey‡S LvIqv‡bv ej‡Z Zviv wK †ev‡Sb| mevi

gZvgZ wb‡q mnvqK D`vniY mnKv‡i Bkviv ey‡S LvIqv‡bv m¤^‡Ü we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb|


46

1. wkï‡K Drmvn w`‡q LvIqv‡Z n‡e| G†Z wkïi

LvIqvi cÖwZ AvMÖn Rb¥v‡e Ges †m †L‡Z wkL‡e|

2. wkï‡K h‡_ó mgq I âh©¨ wb‡q LvIqv‡Z n‡e|

KLbB †Rvi K‡i LvIqv‡bv hv‡e bv|

3. wkï‡K Zvi cQ‡›ì cywóKi Lvevi w`‡Z n‡e|

4. Mí e‡j, wkïi †Pv‡L †PvL †i‡L LvIqv‡Z n‡e

Ges wkïi mvgbv mvgwb e‡m gv wkï‡K

LvIqv‡eb| LvIqvi mgq gv I wkïi g‡a¨ †h

†hvMv‡hvM nq Zv wkïi eyw× I gvbwmK weKv‡ki

Rb¨ LyeB cÖ‡qvRb| GB †hvMv‡hv‡Mi ga¨ w`‡q

wkï A‡bK wKQz †k‡L, †m wewfbœ ai‡Yi Lvevi wPb‡Z wk‡L, Lvev‡ii ¯^v‡ì mv‡_ cwiwPZ nq|

5. wkï‡K cÖwZw`b wbw`©ó mgq LvIqv‡bvi †Póv Ki‡Z n‡e| Z‡e wkï hw` K¬všÍ _v‡K ev Zvi hw` Nyg cvq

Zvn‡j Zv‡K LvIqv‡bvi †Póv Kiv DwPZ bv (Qwe 17)|

Kvh©µg 5: Lvevi ˆZixi Av‡M Ges LvIqv‡bvi Av‡M mvevb w`‡q nvZ †avqv

• mnvqK AskMÖnYKvix‡ì‡K wRÁvmv Ki‡eb, †Kb Lvevi ˆZixi Av‡M gv A_ev Ab¨ cwiPh©vKvixi nvZ

fv‡jvfv‡e mvevb w`‡q nvZ ay‡Z n‡e|

• mnvqK AviI wRÁvmv Ki‡eb, †Kb wkï‡K LvIqv‡bvi Av‡M gv I wkïi nvZ fv‡jvfv‡e mvevb w`‡q

ay‡Z n‡e|

• mevi gZvgZ †R‡b mnvqK cÖK…Z KviY mg~n e¨vL¨v Ki‡eb|

wkïi Lvevi ˆZwi Kivi Av‡M Aek¨B gv/cwiPh©vKvix‡K mvevb w`‡q

fvjfv‡e nvZ ay‡q wb‡Z n‡e| wkï‡K LvIqv‡bvi Av‡M Avi GKevi wb‡Ri

nvZ Ges mv‡_ wkïi nvZ mvevb w`‡q fv‡jvfv‡e ay‡q wb‡Z n‡e| me

gvby‡li nv‡ZB gqjv I wewfbœ ai‡Yi †ivMRxevYy _v‡K| gv‡qi I wkïi

nv‡Zi †ivMRxevYy wkïi Lvev‡i †M‡j Ges †mLvb †_‡K †c‡U †M‡j

Wvqwiqv, Avgvkq, K…wg, UvBd‡qW, RwÛm, BZ¨vw` wewfbœ †ivM nq| Lvevi

ˆZwii Av‡M Ges LvIqvi Av‡M mvevb w`‡q nvZ ay‡j nv‡Z †j‡M _vKv

gqjv I †ivMRxevYy aŸsm n‡q hv‡e| nvZ †avqvi Rb¨ Ggb RvqMvq mvevb

ivL‡Z n‡e hv‡Z cÖwZevi wkïi Lvevi ˆZix I LvIqvevi mgq mvevb w`‡q

nvZ †avqvi K_v gv‡qi g‡b _v‡K|

Kvh©µg 6: Amy¯’ wkï‡K LvIqv‡bv


• wkï Amy¯’ _vK‡j Zv‡K wKfv‡e LvIqv‡Z nq Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|

• wkïi Bkviv ey‡S, Drmvn w`‡q LvIqv‡bv wK Ges wKfv‡e gv‡K Zv †kLv‡bv hvq Zv ej‡Z cvi‡eb|

wkï Amy¯’ n‡j Zv‡K †ekx K‡i gv‡qi `ya LvIqv‡Z n‡e| Amy¯’ wkïi Rb¨ me‡P‡q wbivc` Lvevi n‡”Q gv‡qi

`ya| gv‡qi `ya †L‡j wkï mn‡R `ye©j n‡q co‡e bv Ges ZvovZvwo my¯’ n‡q DV‡e| R¡‡ii Kvi‡Y ev Wvqwiqvi

Kvi‡Y wkïi wccvmv †ekx nq| Nb Nb gv‡qi `ya LvIqv‡j Zvi wccvmv wg‡U hv‡e| gv‡qi `y‡ai cvkvcvwk Amy¯’

wkï‡K Zvi cQ‡›ì cywóKi big Lvevi w`‡Z n‡e| Amy¯’Zvi Kvi‡Y wkï GKmv‡_ †ekx cwigv‡Y bv †L‡Z cv‡i,

†m‡¶‡Î evi evi Aí Aí K‡i LvIqv‡Z n‡e|

Qwe 17: wkïi Bkviv ey‡S LvIqv‡bv

Qwe 18: mvevb w`‡q nvZ †avqv


wkïi AmyL fv‡jv n‡q †M‡j Zvi ÿzav evo‡e Ges gy‡Li iæwP Avevi ¯^vfvweK n‡q Avm‡e, d‡j Gmgq Zvi

Lvev‡ii cwigvYI evov‡Z n‡e Ges bvbv ai‡Yi cywóKi Lvevi w`‡Z n‡e| g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e, Amy‡Li Kvi‡Y Zvi

†h IRb K‡g wM‡qwQj Zv †hb Avevi wd‡i Av‡m| Amy‡Li mg‡qi NvUwZ c~iY bv n‡j wkï Avevi Amy¯’ n‡q

co‡Z cv‡i|

†bvU: 7-11 gv‡mi g‡a¨ wkï‡K bxj i‡Oi 1Uv wfUvwgb G K¨vcmyj (100,000 AvBBD) LvIqv‡Z n‡e| 1-2 ermi

eq‡mi wkï†ì eQ‡i 2 evi jvj i‡Oi wfUvwgb G K¨vcmyj 1wU K‡i (200,000 AvBBD) LvIqv‡Z n‡e| G†Z

K‡i wkï AÜZ¡, Wvqwiqv, wbD‡gvwbqv I gvivZ¥K Acywó †_‡K i¶v cv‡e Ges wkï g„Zy¨ K‡g hv‡e|

6 gv‡mi ci †_‡K wkï‡K cvwievwiK Lvev‡ii mv‡_ wbqwgZ cywóKYv LvIqv‡Z n‡e| G‡Z K‡i wkï i³¯^íZvq

fyM‡e bv|

wb‡gœœ Q‡Ki gva¨‡g wkïi eqm Abyhvqx evowZ Lvev‡ii êwk‡óï 4wU Ask †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q:

5. 1.10: eqm Abyhvqx wkïi Lvevi wbe©vPb I Lvev‡ii NbZ¡


• cvwievwiK Lvevi wkïi Rb¨ †Kb ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Zv Rvb‡eb|

• 7 (181 w`b) †_‡K 24 gvm eq‡mi wkï‡ì Rb¨ †Kvb †Kvb Lvevi me‡P‡q fv‡jv Zv eyS‡Z I

ej‡Z cvi‡eb|

• wkïi Lvev‡ii NbZ¡ †Kgb nIqv DwPZ Zv eyS‡Z I ej‡Z cvi‡eb|

• wkïi Rb¨ eqm Abyhvqx Lvev‡ii aiY, cwigvY I NbZ¡ we‡ePbv K‡i 1 †ejvi Lvevi ˆZix Kiv

nv‡Z Kj‡g wkL‡eb Ges c‡i Zv gv‡q‡ì‡KI †kLv‡Z cvi‡eb|

• LvIqv‡bvi Av‡M gv‡qi Ges wkïi mvevb w`‡q nvZ †avqvi ¸iæZ¡ m¤^‡Ü Rvb‡eb|

eqm

• 7-8

gvm

• 9-11

gvm

• 12-24

gvm

1. cÖvYxR Avwgl

2. Dw™¢R Avwgl

3. kvK-mewR

4. fvZ

5. †Zj

*bZzb bZzb Lvevi

†hvM Ki‡Z n‡e

*cvkvcvwk gv‡qi

ey‡Ki `ya LvIqv‡Z

n‡e

1. wkï‡K Drmvn w`‡Z n‡e

2. mgq I âh©¨ wb‡q

LvIqv‡Z n‡e

3. wkïi cQ‡›ì cywóKi

Lvevi w`‡Z n‡e

4. wkïi †Pv‡L †PvL †i‡L,

Mí e‡j I mvgbv mvgwb

e‡m LvIqv‡Z n‡e

5. wbw`©ó mgq I wbw`©ó

RvqMvq LvIqv‡Z n‡e

6. wkïi ¶zav bv _vK‡j ev

†L‡Z bv PvB‡j †Rvi

Kiv hv‡e bv

7. wkï K¬všÍ ev NygNyg

_vK‡j LvIqv‡bv

hv‡e bv

1. Lvevi ˆZixi Av‡M

gv/cwiPh©vKvixi

nvZ mvevb w`‡q

ay‡Z n‡e

2. wkï‡K LvIqv‡bvi

Av‡M gv/cwiPh©v

Kvix Ges wkï

Df‡qi nvZ mvevb

w`‡q fv‡jvfv‡e

ay‡Z n‡e

1. ey‡Ki `y‡ai Dc‡i

†Rvi w`‡Z n‡e

2. cQ‡›ì cywóKi Ges

big Lvevi w`‡Z n‡e

3. ev‡i ev‡i Aí Aí

K‡i LvIqv‡Z n‡e

4. AmyL fv‡jv n‡q

†M‡j ¯^vfvweK

Lvevi †_‡K GKUz

†ekx Lvevi LvIqv‡Z

n‡e

Lv`¨ wbe©vPb wkïi Bkviv ey‡S LvIqv‡bv nvZ †avqv Amy¯’ wkï‡K LvIqv‡bv

47


Kvh©µg 1: 7 (181 w`b) †_‡K 24 gvm eqmx wkï†ì Rb¨ cvwievwiK cywóKi Lvevi wbe©vPb I Lvev‡ii NbZ¡

wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv|

Kvh©µg 2: mwVKfv‡e Lv`¨ wbe©vPb bv Ki‡j wkïi wK wK mgm¨v n‡Z cv‡i Zv Rvbv‡bv|

Kvh©µg 3: wkïi Lvevi ˆZwi Kivi Av‡M mvevb w`‡q fv‡jvfv‡e nvZ I evwU ay‡q †bIqvi ¸iæZ¡ wb‡q

Av‡jvPbv Kiv|

Kvh©µg 4: 7 (181 w`b) †_‡K 24 gvm eq‡mi wkïi Rb¨ cywóKi Lvevi †e‡Q †bqv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv|

†gvU mgqt 1 NÈv

cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiY:

1. 250 wg:wj: gv‡ci 3wU evwU

2. wewfbœ mvB‡Ri †QvU, eo evwU Ges PvgP

3. †Z‡ji †evZj I mvevb

4. KvW© I gvK©vi

5. ivbœv Kiv me&wR, †hgb eiewU, wgwó Kzgov, kvK, wWg, gvQ, gvsm, Wvj, fvZ Ges †gŠmygx dj

†hgb cvKv †cu‡c, Kjv, Avg, BZ¨vw`|

Kvh©µg 1: 7 (181 w`b) †_‡K 24 gvm eqmx wkï‡ì Rb¨ cvwievwiK cywóKi Lvevi wbe©vPb I Lvev‡ii

NbZ¡ wb‡q Av‡jvPbv I nv‡Z Kj‡g †kLv‡bv

• mnvqK AskMÖnYKvix‡ì mv‡_ cywóKi Lvev‡ii Dcv`vb wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb| Gici Gme Lv`¨

Dcv`v‡bi ga¨ †_‡K wewfbœ Lvev‡ii mgš^‡q wKfv‡e wkïi GKwU cywóKi Lvevi ˆZix Kiv hvq Zv e¨vL¨v

Ki‡eb| G‡¶‡Î mnvqK K¬vk iæ‡g wewfbœ Lvevi G‡b ev Qwe †`wL‡q nv‡Z Kj‡g welqwU †kLv‡Z

cvi‡eb|

• Lvevi KZUv Nb n‡e Zv D`vniY w`‡q eywS‡q ej‡eb|

• Lvevi wKfv‡e PUKv‡Z n‡e Ges KZUzKz PUKv‡Z n‡e hv‡Z K‡i wkky LveviwU wMj‡Z cv‡i †m e¨vcv‡iI

Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb|

• mwVKfv‡e Lv`¨ wbe©vPb bv Ki‡j wK wK mgm¨v n‡Z cv‡i mnvqK AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Kv‡Q Zv Rvb‡Z

PvB‡eb Ges wkïi Rb¨ cÖvYxR Lvev‡ii cÖ‡qvRbxqZv eywS‡q ej‡eb|

Kvh©µg 2: mwVKfv‡e Lv`¨ wbe©vPb bv Ki‡j wkïi wK wK mgm¨v n‡Z cv‡i

1. wkïi ˆ`wnK e„w× I eyw×i weKv‡ki Rb¨ †h cywó ìKvi Zv †m cv‡e bv|

2. Lvevi k³ _vK‡j wkïi wPev‡Z ev wMj‡Z Amyweav n‡e I nR‡g Amyweav n‡e|

3. wkïi Lvevi †ekx Zij _vK‡j Aí‡ZB †cU f‡i hv‡e Ges mwVK cywó cv‡e bv, GQvovI wb‡R Lvevi a‡i

ev DwV‡q †L‡Z wkL‡e bv|

Kvh©µg 3: wkïi Lvevi ˆZwi Kivi Av‡M mvevb w`‡q fv‡jvfv‡e nvZ I evwU ay‡q †bIqvi ¸iæZ¡

gv‡qi nvZ †avqvi mgq Ges ¸iæZ¡:

gv cÖwZevi Lvevi ˆZixi Av‡M Ges wkï‡K LvIqv‡bvi Av‡M mvevb w`‡q nvZ †av‡eb| ˆ`bw›`b KvR Kivi d‡j

nv‡Z †hme gqjv I Rxevby †j‡M _v‡K Zv `~i n‡q hv‡e| nvZ bv ay‡j Lvev‡i Ges wkïi †`‡n H Rxevby Xz‡K

msµgb NUv‡e, †hgb-Wvqwiqv, Avgvkq, BZ¨vw`|

48


49

wkïi nvZ †avqvi mgq Ges ¸iæZ¡:

wkï‡K nvZ w`‡q a‡i Lvevi †L‡Z DrmvwnZ Kiv nq| cÖwZevi LvIqv‡bvi Av‡M gv wkïi nvZ mvevb w`‡q ay‡q

†`‡eb| wkï wewfbœ wRwbm ¯úk© K‡i, d‡j nv‡Z gqjv I Rxevby †j‡M _v‡K| nvZ bv ay‡q Lvevi ai‡j wkïi †`‡n

H Rxevby Xz‡K msµgb NUv‡e, †hgb-Wvqwiqv, Avgvkq, BZ¨vw`|

Kvh©µg 4: 7 (181 w`b) †_‡K 24 gvm eq‡mi wkï†ì Rb¨ cywóKi Lvev‡ii mgš^‡q GK‡ejvi Lvevi I

bv¯Ív ˆZix

• mnvqK AskMÖnYKvix‡ì 3wU ‡j fvM Ki‡eb Ges cÖ‡Z¨K j‡K GKwU †Uwe‡ji mvg‡b †h‡Z ej‡eb|

†Uwe‡ji Dci wewfbœ ai‡Yi mewR, wewfbœ mvB‡Ri evwU, ÒnvZ †avqvÓ †jLv KvW© _vK‡e|

• mnvqK cÖwZwU `j‡K †Uwe‡j ivLv Lvevi †_‡K 7-24 gvm eq‡mi wkïi GK‡ejvi Lvevi I bv¯Ív ˆZixi

cwiKíbv Ki‡Z ej‡eb|

• 20 wgwbU ci mnvqK AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Zv‡ì ˆZix Lvev‡ii cwiKíbv Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ej‡eb|

• mnvqK cÖ‡Z¨K `‡ji Kv‡Ri Dc‡i AskMÖnYKvix‡ì gZvgZ Rvb‡Z PvB‡eb|

• cÖwZwU `‡ji Kv‡Q Lvev‡ii cwigvY, Lvev‡ii NbZ¡, KZ‡ejv Lv‡e Ges eqm Abyhvqx Lvevi †Kgb n‡e

Zv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb|

• wkï‡K ch©vß cwigv‡Y LvIqv‡bvi Rb¨ gv‡qiv wK wK Ki‡Z cv‡ib Zv Avevi Av‡jvPbv K‡i

AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Zv g‡b Kwi‡q †`‡eb|

5. 1.11: wkï‡K cvwievwiK Lvevi LvIqv‡bvi wfwWI †`Lv‡bv Ges wfwWI wb‡q Av‡jvPbv

Kvh©µg 1: wfwWIi D‡Ïk¨ eY©bv I wfwWI cÖ`k©b

Kvh©µg 2: wfwWI welqK Av‡jvPbv

†gvU mgq: 30 wgwbU (cÖ‡qvR‡b 2 evi wfwWIwU †`Lv‡eb)

cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiY: wUwf, wfwWI †cøqvi I wfwWI K¨v‡mU|

Kvh©µg 1: wfwWIi D‡Ïk¨ eY©bv I wfwWI cÖ`k©b

• mnvqK AskMÖnYKvix‡ì ej‡eb, cÖwk¶‡Y †hme welq wb‡q Av‡jvPbv n‡q‡Q Zv GLb wfwWI†Z †`Lv‡bv

n‡e, †Pv‡L †`L‡j welq¸‡jv g‡b ivL‡Z myweav n‡e| Kv‡b †kvbv, †Pv‡L †`Lv Ges nv‡Z Kj‡g Kiv,

GB wZbwU c×wZ wgwj‡q GB cÖwk¶‡Yi welq¸‡jv cieZx©‡Z Zv‡ì Kv‡R A‡bK mvnvh¨ Ki‡e|

• AskMÖnYKvix‡ì cvwievwiK Lvev‡ii cwigvY, Lvev‡ii NbZ¡, Lv`¨ wbe©vPb, wkïi Bkviv ey‡S Drmvn

w`‡q LvIqv‡bv, gv‡qi I wkïi mvevb w`‡q nvZ †avqv Ges 2 eQi ch©šÍ gv‡qi `ya LvIqv‡bv Pvwj‡q

hvIqv, BZ¨vw` welq¸‡jv g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q †`L‡Z ej‡eb|

• wkï hw` †L‡Z bv Pvq Zvn‡j gv wKfv‡e Zvi wkï‡K LvIqv‡Z cvi‡eb Zvi †KŠkj¸‡jv j¶¨ Ki‡Z

ej‡eb|

• GKRb ^v¯’¨Kgx© wKfv‡e gv‡qi y‡ai cvkvcvwk wkï‡K evowZ Lvevi LvIqv‡bvi wel‡q gv‡K civgk© †`b

Zv fv‡jvfv‡e †Lqvj Ki‡Z ej‡eb|


50

Kvh©µg 2: wfwWI welqK Av‡jvPbv

• mnvqK wfwWI wb‡q mK‡ji mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb Ges AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Kv‡Q gv‡qi `y‡ai cvkvcvwk

Ab¨vb¨ Lvev‡ii cwigvY, Lvev‡ii NbZ¡, Lv`¨ wbe©vPb, nvZ †avqv, Bkviv ey‡S LvIqv‡bv, Gme wel‡q

Rvb‡Z PvB‡eb|

• Lvbv cwi`k©‡bi mgq wkïi cywói e¨vcv‡i gv‡q‡ì I cwiev‡ii Ab¨vb¨‡ì KvD‡Ýwjs Kiv ¯^v¯’¨Kgx©i

GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© `vwqZ¡|

• me †k‡l mnvqK AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Kv‡Q GB †mkb m¤ú‡K© gZvgZ Rvbv‡Z ej‡eb| mevB‡K abëv`

w`‡q †mkb †kl Ki‡eb|

• hw` cÖ‡qvRb g‡b K‡ib Z‡e wfwWIi wewfbœ Ask Avevi †`Lv‡eb|

5.2 wK‡kvixi cywó

GB Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY

• ˆK‡kviKv‡j cywói ¸iæZ¡ I Acywó cÖwZ‡iv‡ai Dcvq m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb Ges ev¯ÍeRxe‡b eënvi

Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

• wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix‡ì cÖwZw`‡bi Lv`¨ ZvwjKv m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|

5.2. 1 ˆK‡kv‡i cywó

mnvqK mevB‡K ï‡f”Qv Rvbv‡eb Ges møvBW †_‡K ˆK‡kviKvj, ˆK‡kviKv‡j cywói cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Ges

ˆK‡kviKvjxb Acywói KviY m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb|

Kvh©µg 1:

ˆK‡kviKvj

ˆkkeKvj †_‡K †hŠe‡b c`vc©‡Yi gaëZ©x mgq (10-19 eQi)-†K ˆK‡kviKvj ejv nq Ges GB eq‡mi

†Q‡j-†g‡q‡ì‡K wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix ejv nq| ˆK‡kviKvj Rxe‡bi AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© ce©| G mgq Zv‡ì wewfbœ

ai‡Yi kvixwiK I gvbwmK cwieZ©b N‡U, ZvB G mgq Zv‡ì cywó Pvwn`vI e„w× cvq|

ˆK‡kviKvj: D”PZv, IRb I ˆ`wnK MV‡bi cwieZ©b

D”PZvi †¶‡Î cwieZ©b

- †gvU D”PZvi 15-20% GB mg‡q nq

- †g‡q‡ì PvB‡Z †Q‡j‡ì ˆ`wnK e„w× †ìx‡Z ïiæ nq

IR‡bi †¶‡Î cwieZ©b

- †gvU IR‡bi 25-50% GB mg‡q nq

- ˆ`wnK MVb I KvVv‡gvi †¶‡Î cwieZ©b

- cÖvq 45% kix‡ii KvVv‡gvi (gvsk‡ckx) Ask we‡kl GB mg‡q †hvM nq

- Rb¥ †_‡K ˆK‡kviKv‡ji g‡a¨, kix‡ii nv‡oi MV‡bi 90 fvM m¤úbœ nq

- †g‡q‡ì Zzjbvq †Q‡jiv GB mgq Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e †ekx gvsk †ckx jvf K‡i


51

ˆK‡kviKv‡j cywói ¸iæZ¡

• ˆK‡kviKv‡j †`‡ni e„w× `ªæZ nq| G mg‡q †gvU D”PZvi 20% Ges †gvU IR‡bi 50% IRb e„w× nq|

GRb¨ GB mg‡q cywói cÖ‡qvRbxqZvI †e‡o hvq| GB e„w×mva‡bi mv‡_ gvbweK‡eva, Av‡eMvbyf‚wZ I

ni‡gvbRwbZ cwieZ©bI RwoZ| †g‡q‡ì `ªæZ kvwiixK e„w× mvab nq 10-13 eQi eq‡mi g‡a¨|

†Q‡j‡ì †¶‡Î AviI 2 eQi c‡i Zv nq A_©vr 12-15 eQi eq‡mi g‡a¨| K‡kviKv‡ji GB e„w× mvabB

cieZx©Kv‡ji g~j AvKvi wba©viY K‡i| cÖvß eq¯‹‡ì AvKvi AvK…wZ cÖK…Zc‡¶ ˆ`wnK cwigvc‡KB

cÖwZdwjZ K‡i, hv Zvi Kvh©¶gZv, wbivcËv, mšÍvb Rš§`v‡b mnRmva¨Zv‡K wba©viY K‡i| GQvovI

gv‡qi cÖmeRwbZ SzuwKi cwigvY Kgv‡bv I Kg IR‡bi wkïi Rš§`vb Kgv‡bvi †¶‡ÎI gwnjv‡ì AvKvi

GKwU eo f‚wgKv iv‡L|

• ˆK‡kv‡i gvby‡li RxebhvÎv I Lvev‡ii iæwPi cwieZ©b nq| Ach©vß cywói Kvi‡Y ˆK‡kviKvjxb ¯^v‡¯’ï

Dci †bwZevPK cÖfve c‡o Ges Zv `xN©¯’vqx †iv‡Mi SzuwK e„w× K‡i|

• Avqi‡bi Afv‡e ˆK‡kviKvjxb kvixwiK e„w× wejw¤^Z n‡Z cv‡i| we‡kl K‡i wK‡kvix‡ì kvixwiK e„w×

I gvwmK FZz¯ªv‡ei Kvi‡Y kix‡i Avqi‡bi Pvwn`v †e‡o hvq|

• Avqib NvUwZi Kvi‡Y kvixwiK I gvbwmK e„w× e¨vnZ nq, ¯^vfvweK Ávb e„w×i weKvk K‡g hvq Ges

cov‡jLvi cÖwZ g‡bv‡hvM A‡bKvs‡k K‡g hvq, d‡j ¯‹z‡j hvevi AvMÖn nvwi‡q †d‡j|

• wK‡kvix Ae¯’vq Mf©aviY (we‡kl K‡i gv hw` Acywó‡Z †fv‡Mb I †eu‡U nb) gv I wkï Df‡qB ^v¯’¨ SzuwKi

g‡a¨ c‡o hvq|

• cwiev‡ii g‡a¨ Lvevi weZiY I Lvevi MÖn‡Y †Q‡j-†g‡qi g‡a¨ cÖ_vMZ AvPi‡Yi Kvi‡Y ˆkke †_‡K ïiæ

K‡i ˆK‡kviKvj ch©šÍ †g‡qiv we‡klfv‡e Acywói wkKvi n‡q _v‡K|

ˆK‡kviKvjxb Acywó cÖwZ‡iv‡a KiYxq

1. bvbvb RvZxq cywó Dcv`vb mg„× Lvevi mylg Lvevi LvIqv:

kK©iv RvZxq Lvevi (fvZ, iæwU, gywo, wPwb, ¸o, gay, Avjy, wPov BZ¨vw`) LvIqv

Avwgl RvZxq Lvevi (wWg, `ya, gvQ, gvsm, Wvj, ev`vg, exwP BZ¨vw`) LvIqv

Avqib mg„× Lvevi (gvsm, KwjRv Ges Mvp meyR kvK-mewR) LvIqv

wfUvwgb-G mg„× Lvevi (KwjRv, cvKv †cu‡c, Avg, MvRi, wgwóKzgov, †QvU gvQ, wWg, meyR

kvK-mewR I njy` i‡Oi dj-g~j) LvIqv

cÖwZw`b wfUvwgb wm hy³ Lvevi LvIqv

Av‡qvwWbmg„× Lvevi (mvgyw`ªK gvQ Ges mgy`ª ZxieZx© GjvKvi kvK-mewR) Ges Av‡qvwWbhy³

jeY LvIqv

2. cÖwZw`b 10-12 Møvm cvwb LvIqv| MigKv‡j †ewk cvwbi cÖ‡qvRb n‡Z cv‡i

3. Wv³vi ev ¯^v¯’¨Kgx©i civgk© Abyhvqx Avqib dwjK GwmW U¨ve‡jU LvIqv

4. cÖ‡Z¨K wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix‡K Wv³v‡ii civgk© Abyhvqx Qq gvm AšÍi K…wgbvkK U¨ve‡jU LvIqv|

5. Lvevi LvIqvi Av‡M I c‡i mvevb I wbivc` cvwb w`‡q nvZ †avqv

6. ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z cvqLvbv eënvi Kiv Ges RyZv ev m¨v‡Ûj c‡i cvqLvbvq hvIqv

7. gvwmK FZzmªv‡ei mgq cwi®‹vi-cwi”Qbœ _vKv| Zv‡ì‡K g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e †h Gmgq meai‡bi

Lvevi LvIqv hvq Ges me ai‡Yi ¯^vfvweK KvRKg© Kiv hvq

8. †ìx‡Z we‡q I †ìx‡Z Mf©aviY Kiv


52

5.2. 2 wK‡kvixi cywóKi Lvevi

mnvqK møvB‡Wi gva¨‡g wK‡kvix‡ì we‡klfv‡e cÖ‡qvRbxq Lv`¨ I Abycywó Dcv`vb, Drm Ges KvR

e¨vL¨v Ki‡eb|

mnvqK AskMÖnYKvix‡ì‡K wK‡kvix‡ì ˆ`wbK bgybv Lv`¨ ZvwjKv Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb|

Kvh©µg 2:

wK‡kvix‡ì we‡klfv‡e cÖ‡qvRbxq Lv`¨ I Abycywó Dcv`vb, Drm Ges KvR

wK‡kvix eqm †e‡o IVvi eqm| 18 eQi ch©šÍ Zv‡ì †`‡ni GB e„w× Pj‡Z _v‡K| GKRb cyb©v½ bvix wn‡m‡e

†e‡o DV‡Z Zvi gvsm‡ckx, nvomn me A½-cÖZ¨‡½i †hb mwVK e„w× nq †mRb¨ Zv‡K cywóKi I mylg Lvevi †ewk

cwigv‡Y †L‡Z n‡e|

Avwglt wK‡kvix †`‡ni KvVv‡gvMZ e„w×i Rb¨ AvwglRvZxq Lvevi AZ¨šÍ cÖ‡qvRb| cÖvYx I Dw™¢` Dfq Drm

†_‡KB Avwgl cvIqv hvq| cÖvYxR Avwgl cvIqv hvq gvQ, gvsm, `ya, wWg, Qvbv, cwbi, ïUwK gvQ BZ¨vw` †_‡K|

wewfbœ ai‡Yi Wvj †hgb: gyM, gymyi, gvmKjvB, †Qvjv, mx‡gi wewP, gUiïwU, Pxbvev`vg, mqvexb BZ¨vw` †_‡K

Avgiv Dw™¢R Avwgl †c‡q _vwK| †`‡ni mwVK e„w× I ¶qc~i‡Yi Rb¨ G RvZxq Lvevi wbqwgZ †L‡Z n‡e| Pvj I

Wv‡ji Avwgl GKwÎZ n‡q DbœZgv‡bi Avwgl nq| ZvB Pvj I Wvj GK‡Î LvIqv kix‡ii R‡b¨ fv‡jv|

†jŠn (Avqib)t evsjv‡`‡ki wK‡kvix‡ì cÖvq `yB-Z…ZxqvskB i³¯^íZvi Ges i‡³ Avqib ¯^íZvi wkKvi|

Avqi‡bi Afv‡e ˆK‡kviKvjxb e„w× wejw¤^Z n‡Z cv‡i| we‡kl K‡i wK‡kvix‡ì kvixwiK e„w× I gvwm‡Ki Kvi‡Y

kix‡i Avqi‡bi Pvwn`v †e‡o hvq| fwel¨‡Z my¯’ gv wn‡m‡e wb‡R‡K ˆZix Kivi Rb¨ wK‡kvix‡ì kix‡i ch©vß

cwigv‡Y Avqib Rgv _vKv cÖ‡qvRb| cÖvwbR Lvevi †hgb- gvQ/ †QvU gvQ/ gvsm/ KwjRv/ wWg BZ¨vw`‡Z †jŠ‡ni

cwigvY †ewk _v‡K| KPzkvK, jvjkvK, a‡bcvZv, cvUkvK, †n‡jÂvkvK, Kjvi †gvPv, †`wk Mve, we‡jZx Mve,

Kv‡jvRvg, Kjv, †cqviv, Wvwjg BZ¨vwÌ †jŠ‡ni Drm| GQvov ïUwK gv‡QI cÖPzi Avqib Av‡Q|

K¨vjwmqvgt nv‡oi e„w× I ùvZ‡K myMwVZ Ki‡Z K¨vjwmqvg Riæix| wWg, `ya, `B, cwbi, ïUwK gvQ, gv_v I

KuvUvmn †QvU gvQ †_‡K cÖPzi K¨vjwmqvg cvIqv hvq| cuvP dz‡Ui Kg D”PZvi gwnjv‡ì mšÍvb cÖm‡ei mgq

RwUjZv †ewk nq| A‡bK mgq gv I wkïi g„ZzÏ N‡U| ch©vß K¨vjwmqv‡gi Afv‡e cieZ©x Rxe‡b AwóIc‡iwmm

ev nv‡oi ÿq †ivM nIqvi m¤¢vebv †e‡o hvq| GR‡b¨ †g‡q‡ì D”PZv cuvP dz‡Ui †ewk j¤^v nIqv cÖ‡qvRb| ZvB

K¨vjwmqvg Av‡Q Ggb Lvevi wK‡kvix‡ì †ewk cwigv‡Y LvIqv ìKvi|

Av‡qvwWbt Av‡qvwWb wK‡kvix‡ì gvbwmK weKv‡k mnvqZv K‡i| Av‡qvwWbhy³ je‡Yi eënvi wK‡kvix‡ì †gavex

Ges ¯^v¯’ëvb wnmv‡e M‡o Zzj‡Z mnvqZv Ki‡e| Zv‡ì eyw× evov‡Z mvgyw`ªK gvQ I Av‡qvwWbhy³ jeY †L‡Z

n‡e|

wfUvwgb wmt wK‡kvix‡ì cÖwZw`b wfUvwgb wm MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e| Avqibhy³ Lvev‡ii mv‡_ wfUvwgb-ÕwmÕ hy³ Lvevi

MÖnY Ki‡j Avqib †kvlY e„w× cvq| G Pvwn`v c~i‡Yi R‡b¨ Zviv jvj I meyR kvK-mewR, †jey, Kgjv, †cqviv,

AvgjwK, Rv¤^yyiv, Avbvim, eiB, Kvgiv½v, U‡g‡Uv, KuvPv gwiP BZ¨vw` †L‡Z cv‡i|

GQvov cywóKi Lvevi MÖn‡Yi cvkvcvwk my¯^v‡¯’ï Rb¨ cÖwZw`b wK‡kvix‡ì cÖPzi cwigv‡Y wbivc` cvwb cvb Kiv

Ges †mB mv‡_ wbqwgZ e¨vqvg, wekªvg I †Ljvayjv Kiv cÖ‡qvRb|


53

Kvh©µg 3:

mnvqK AskMÖnYKvix‡ì‡K PviwU `‡j fvM Ki‡eb Ges cÖ‡Z¨K `j‡K wK‡kvix‡ì ˆ`wbK bgybv Lv`¨ ZvwjKv

†cv÷v‡i wj‡L Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ej‡eb|

Gici mnvqK Lvev‡ii ZvwjKv †`Lv‡eb Ges wgwj‡q wb‡Z ej‡eb|

wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix‡ì ˆ`wbK bgybv Lv`¨ ZvwjKv

cÖwZw`b wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix‡ì bvbvb RvZxq cywó Dcv`vbmg„× Lvevi †L‡Z n‡e| GKRb wK‡kvi/wK‡kvix wK wK

Lvevi †L‡j Zvi ˆ`wbK cywó Pvwn`v c~iY n‡e Zvi GKwU bgybv ZvwjKv wb‡P †`qv nj:

wK‡kvi-wK‡kvixi ˆ`wbK bg~bv Lv`¨ ZvwjKv (250 wg: wj: evwUi wnmve)

*GQvovI wK‡kvix‡ì ˆ`bw›`b Lv`¨ ZvwjKvq Avqibmg„× Lvevi _vKv evÂbxq|

GB Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY

• i³¯^íZv m¤ú‡K© e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

• Avqib m¤ú‡K© e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

• ˆK‡kviKvjxb mg‡q i³¯^íZvi KviY, cÖwZKvi I cÖwZ‡iva m¤ú‡K© e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

• Avqib dwjK GwmW †me‡bi cvk©^cÖwZwµqv m¤ú‡K© e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

• K…wgi mv‡_ i³¯^íZvi m¤úK© e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

5.2. 2 i³¯^íZv

i³¯^íZv wK?

i‡³ †jvwnZ KwbKv A_ev wn‡gv‡Møvwe‡bi cwigvY K‡g †M‡j Zv‡K

i³¯^íZv e‡j| wKQz ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Kvi‡Y wK‡kvix eq‡m i³¯^íZvi

m¤¢vebv †ekx _v‡K|

wK‡kvixi i³¯^íZvi cÖavb KviY:

• Lvev‡i ch©vß Avqi‡bi Afve

• evošÍ kix‡ii cywó Pvwn`v c~iY bv nIqv

• FZzmªveRwbZ i³¶iY

• K…wg msµgb

• Amg‡q Mf©aviY

mKv‡ji Lvevi

- gvSvix mvB‡Ri

2wU iæwU A_ev

1 evwU fvZ

- 1 evwU mewR

A_ev 1wU wWg

- †h‡Kvb †`k

†gŠmygx dj

- evox‡Z ˆZix

bv¯Ív RvZxq

Lvevi

- 2/3 evwU fvZ

- 1 evwU kvK&-mewR

- 1 evwU Nb Wvj

- 1 UzKiv gvQ/

gvsm/KwjRv

- `ya w`‡q ˆZix Nb †h‡Kvb

Lvevi (cv‡qm I `B

BZ¨vw`)/†h‡Kvb †`kx

†gŠmygx dj/evox‡Z ˆZix

bv¯Ív RvZxq †h‡Kvb Lvevi

- 2/3 evwU fvZ

- 1 evwU kvK&-mewR

- 1 evwU Nb Wvj

- (hw` m¤¢e nq 1

UzKiv gvQ/gvsm)

mKv‡ji bv¯Ív `ycy‡ii Lvevi weKv‡ji bv¯Ív iv‡Zi Lvevi

my¯’ gvby‡li †jvwnZ

i³ KwYKv

i³¯^íZvq AvµvšÍ gvby‡li

†jvwnZ i³ KwYKv


54

i³¯^íZvi j¶Y:

wb‡gœv³ êwkó¨¸‡jv †`L‡j eySv hv‡e wK‡kvixi i³¯^íZv Av‡Q:

• K¬vwšÍfve

• `ye©jZv

• ¶zavg›`v

• gwjb Z¡K

• gv_v Nyiv‡bv

• `ªæZ ü`¯ú›`b

• mn‡R †i‡M hvIqv, BZ¨vw`

Avqib NvUwZRwbZ i³¯^íZv cÖwZ‡iva I cÖwZKvi

1. Avqibmg„× mylg Lvevi MÖnY

• cÖwZw`b Avqib mg„× mylg Lvevi †L‡Z n‡e| `yB ai‡Yi Lvevi Drm †_‡K Avqib cvIqv hvq- cÖvYxR

Drm Ges Dw™¢¾ Drm| Z‡e cÖvYxR Drm †_‡K cÖvß Avqi‡bi 30% kixi †kvlY Ki‡Z cv‡i, wKš‘

Dw™¢¾ Drm †_‡K gvÎ 2-10% Avqib kix‡i †kvlY nq| G‡Z †evSv hvq cÖvYxR Drm kix‡ii Avqib

NvUwZ c~i‡Y †ekx mnvqK| ZvB cÖwZw`‡bi Lvev‡i AšÍZ GK‡ejv cÖvYxR Lvevi LvIqv DwPZ|

• Pv I Kwd †L‡j Zv kix‡i Avqib †kvlY e¨vnZ K‡i, ZvB `ycyi Ges iv‡Zi cÖavb Lvev‡ii mv‡_ Pv I

Kwd LvIqv hv‡e bv

• kix‡i Avqib Kv‡R jvMv‡bvi Rb¨ Avqib RvZxq Lvev‡ii mv‡_ wfUvwgb wm hy³ (†hgb-†jey ev UK dj)

Lvevi †L‡Z n‡e| wfUvwgb ÔwmÕ Gi fv‡jv Drm n‡”Q †gŠmygx dj, †hgb: †jey, †cqviv, Avgov, AvgjKx,

Kvgiv½v, eoB BZ¨vw`| kvKmewRi †¶‡Î wfUvwgb ÔwmÕ Gi fv‡jv Drm n‡”Q U‡g‡Uv, KvuPvgwiP,

dzjKwc, evuavKwc, cvjskvK BZ¨vw`|

5. 3: Mf©eZx I cÖm~wZ gv‡qi cywó

mgq: 30 wgwbU

• GB cÖwk¶Y †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY Mf©eZx I cÖm~wZ gv‡qi cywó m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡eb|

• mnvqK AskMÖnYKvix‡ì 2wU `‡j fvM K‡i wb‡eb, 1g `‡ji KvQ †_‡K †R‡b wb‡eb Mf©eZx gv‡K †Kvb

†Kvb ai‡Yi ev wK wK Lvevi, KZUzKz cwigvY, w`‡b KZevi †L‡Z w`‡Z n‡e Ges †Kb? AskMÖnYKvix‡ì

gZvgZ †cv÷vi †ccv‡i wjwce× Ki‡eb|

• 2q `‡ji KvQ †_‡K †R‡b wb‡eb cÖm~wZ gv‡K †Kvb †Kvb ai‡Yi ev wK wK Lvevi, KZUzKz cwigvY, w`‡b

KZevi †L‡Z w`‡Z n‡e Ges †Kb? AskMÖnYKvix‡ì gZvgZ †cv÷vi †ccv‡i wjwce× Ki‡eb|

• AskMÖnYKvix‡ì gZvgZ wb‡q mnvqK we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb Ges †Kvb ¸iæZc~Y© Z_¨ ev` c‡o

†M‡j ev †Kvb åvšÍ aviYv _vK‡j Zv wb‡qI Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb|

5.3. 1 Mf©eZx gv‡qi cywó

†h‡nZz gv‡qi kixi †_‡K wkï Lvevi MÖnY K‡i Ges cywó cvq, †m‡nZz Mf©Kvjxb mg‡q gv‡qi cywó wbwðZ Ki‡Z

n‡e| gv‡K cywóKi Lvevi MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e| gv‡qi cywói Dc‡iB wbf©i K‡i M‡f©i wkïi cywó I Zvi kvixwiK MVb

I gvbwmK ev eyw×i weKvk| meai‡Yi cywóKi Lvevi GKUz †ekx K‡i †L‡j M‡f©i wkïi cywói cÖ‡qvRbI c~iY n‡e

Ges cywó gv‡qi kix‡i Pwe© wnmv‡e Rgv _vK‡e, hv cieZ©x‡Z ey‡Ki `ya ˆZwi‡Z mvnvh¨ Ki‡e| GQvov cÖm‡ei

mgq gv‡qi cÖPzi kw³i cÖ‡qvRb nq| Mf©Kvjxb mg‡q gv‡qi kix‡i cywói mÂq _vK‡j cÖm‡ei mgq gv `ye©j n‡q

co‡e bv Ges gv I wkï my¯’ _vK‡e|


wK‡kvix Mf©eZx gv

cÖvßeq¯‹

(18 eQ‡ii †ekx)

2,000

500

-

2,500

cÖvßeq¯‹

(18 eQ‡ii †ekx)

2,000

500

300

2,800

¯^vfvweK Pvwn`v evowZ Pvwn`v hgR wkïi gv me©‡gvU Pvwn`v

wK‡kvix

(13-18 eQi eqm)

2,200

500

-

2,700

wK‡kvix

(13-18 eQi eqm)

2,200

500

300

3,000

55

Mf©Kvjxb mg‡q gv‡qi IRb ¯^vfvweKfv‡e 9 †_‡K 12 †KwR e„w× cvIqv DwPZ| Gig‡a¨ wkïi IRb 2.5-3

†KwR, evwKUv gv‡qi Mf©dzj, Rivqy, i³, gvsm‡cwk, Pwe©, ¯Íb, Rivqyi wfZi cvwb (G¨vgwbIwUK d¬zBW), BZ¨vw`|

GB IRb e„w× wbf©i K‡i gv‡qi Lv`¨ MÖn‡Yi Dci Ges kvixwiK my¯’Zvi Dci| GRb¨ Gmgq gv‡qi Lv‡`ï

Pvwn`vI e„w× cvq| ZvB cÖwZw`b gv †h cwigvY Lvevi †LZ Zvi mv‡_ Kgc‡¶ AviI 500 wK‡jvK¨vjwi mgcwigvY

evowZ Lvevi MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e|

¯^vfvweK GKRb cÖvßeq¯‹ (18 eQi eq‡mi Dc‡i) gwnjvi Rb¨ cÖwZw`b cÖ‡qvRb 2,000 wK‡jvK¨vjwi, Mf©eZx

gwnjvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb AviI 500 wK‡jvK¨vjwi, Zvn‡j GKRb Mf©eZx gwnjvi cÖwZw`b cÖ‡qvRb (2,000+500)

2500 wK‡jvK¨vjwi kw³i| GB evowZ 500 wK‡jvK¨vjwii g‡a¨ wkïi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb 300 wK‡jvK¨vjwi Ges

evwK 200 wK‡jvK¨vjwi gv‡qi kix‡i Pwe© AvKv‡i mÂq nq, hv c‡i gv‡qi cÖm‡ei mgq kw³ wnmv‡e I c‡i wkïi

Rb¨ ey‡Ki `ya ˆZix‡Z mnvqZv K‡i|

GQvovI gv‡qi hw` hgR ev”Pv nq Z‡e Zv‡K AviI 300 wK‡jvK¨vjwi A_©vr †gvU evowZ (500+300) 800

wK‡jvK¨vjwi †ekx Lvevi MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e|

Z‡e †Lqvj Ki‡Z n‡e, gv‡qi eqm hw` 10-19 eQi nq, A_©vr †m hw` wK‡kvix nq Z‡e Zv‡K AviI †ewk

cwigv‡Y †L‡Z n‡e| KviY G eq‡m wK‡kvix †g‡q‡ì kvixwiK MVb (nvo, gvsm‡ckx e„w×) Pj‡Z _v‡K, cvkvcvwk

Zvi M‡f©i wkïiI e„w× nq, d‡j Zvi Lvev‡ii Pvwn`v e„w× cvq|

wK‡kvix‡ì ¯^vfvweK Pvwn`v cÖwZw`b 2,200 wK‡jvK¨vjwi, Mf©eZx wK‡kvixi Rb¨ cÖ†qvRb AviI evowZ 500

wK‡jvK¨vjwi, A_©vr †gvU (2,200+500) 2,700 wK‡jvK¨vjwi| wK‡kvix hw` hgR mšÍvb Mf©aviY K‡ib Zvn‡j

Zvi †gvU cÖ‡qvRb n‡e (2,200+500+300) 3,000 wK‡jvK¨vjwi|

wb‡gœ Q‡Ki gva¨‡g Mf©eZx gv‡qi cÖwZw`‡bi cywó/K¨vjwii Pvwn`v †`Lv‡bv n‡jv:

Mf©eZx gv‡qi Lvev‡ii cwigvY (QK: 1, 2)

• Mf©eZx gv‡K cÖwZ‡ejv (Kgc‡¶ 3 †ejv) cvwievwiK Lvevi wKQyUv †ekx cwigv‡Y †L‡Z n‡e| cvkvcvwk

`yBevi bv¯Ív †L‡Z n‡e| cÖwZ‡ejvq evowZ Lvevi wnmv‡e GK gy‡Vv fvZ, mgcwigvY ZiKvwi, Wvj,

BZ¨vw`, w`‡b 3 Kvc `ya ev `y‡ai ˆZwi Lvevi Ges w`‡b 2 evi †h‡Kvb †gŠmywg dj †L‡Z n‡e|

• cÖwZw`b Kg c‡¶ 8 Møvm cvwb †L‡Z n‡e, G†Z K‡i gv wb‡R my¯’-mej _vK‡eb Ges my¯’ I ¯^vfvweK

IR‡bi wkï Rb¥ w`‡Z cvi‡eb Ges cieZ©x‡Z fv‡jvfv‡e wkï‡K ey‡Ki `ya LvIqv‡Z cvi‡eb|


Mf©eZx/cÖm~wZi GKw`‡bi Lv`¨ ZvwjKv

†ejv

mKv‡ji bv¯Ív fvZ

A_ev

AvUvi iæwU

mewR fvwR

wWg fvwR/wm×

A_ev

Nb Wvj

1 1/2 evwU

3wU (gvSvwi)

1 evwU

1wU

1 evwU

bv¯Ív (mKvj 10-

11 Uv)

†gŠmygx dj (Kjv/Avg/KvuVvj/†cqviv/†cu‡c BZ¨vw`)

A_ev

`y‡ai ˆZwi cv‡qm/wdiwb/wcVv

1wU (gvSvwi)

1 evwU

`ycy‡ii Lvevi fvZ

Nb Wvj

kvK-mewR

gvQ/gvsm/wWg

3 evwU

1 evwU

1 evwU

1 UzKiv (gvSvwi) 30 MÖvg

weKv‡ji bv¯Ív `ya

A_ev

¸o-gywo/¸o-LB/¸o-ev`vg

1 Møvm

1/2 evwU

iv‡Zi Lvevi

1 evwU = 250 wg:wj: ev 1 †cvqv

1 Møvm = 250 wg:wj

1 Kvc = 125 wg:wj

ivbœvq †Zj e¨envi Kiæb| m¤¢e n‡j Lvevi c~‡e© Lvev‡ii mv‡_ 1 Pv PvgP †Zj †hvM Kiæb|

fvZ

Nb Wvj

kvK-mewR

gvQ/gvsm/wWg

`ya

A_ev

`B

2 evwU

1 evwU

1 1/2 evwU

1 UzKiv (gvSvwi) 30 MÖvg

1 Møvm

1/2 evwU

Dcv`vb cwigvY

56


Mf©eZx gv‡qi Lvev‡ii aiY

Av‡jvPbv K‡i Rvbv‡Z n‡e Mf©eZx gv †Kvb †Kvb ai‡Yi Lvevi Lv‡eb Ges †Kb Lv‡eb:

1. kK©iv I Pwe©: kK©iv I Pwe© RvZxq Lvevi †_‡KB gv cÖavbZ kw³ †c‡q _v‡K, ZvB w`‡b 3 evi fvZ LvIqvi

mgq GKUz †ewk cwigv‡Y (GKgy‡Vv) †L‡Z n‡e| cvkvcvwk evowZ 1 Pv PvgP †Zj cv‡Z ev kvK/mewRi mv‡_

ev fZ©vi mv‡_ wgwk‡q †L‡Z n‡e|

GQvov bv¯Ív wnmv‡e Avjy fvRv, Wv‡ji eov, †Z‡j fvRv Pv‡ji wcVv, ¸†oi ˆZwi wewfbœ ai‡Yi wcVv, wgwó

BZ¨vw` kw³`vqK Lvevi †L‡Z n‡e| GB evowZ kw³`vqK Lvevi gv‡qi I wkïi kix‡ii cÖ‡qvRb wgwU‡q gv‡qi

kix‡i evowZ †g` wnmv‡e Rgv _vK‡e, hv cÖm‡ei mgq gv‡qi kix‡i kw³ †hvMv‡e, GQvovI cieZ©x‡Z wkïi

Rb¨ gv‡qi ey‡K `ya ˆZwi n‡Z mvnvh¨ Ki‡e|

2. Avwgl: Mf©¯’ wkïi †`‡ni gvsm‡cwk MVb, i³ ˆZwi I gw¯Í‡®‹i MV‡bi Rb¨ Ges gv‡qi kix‡ii ¶qc~iY I

e„w× mva‡bi Rb¨ Avwgl cÖ‡qvRb| Mf©Kvjxb mg‡q gv‡qi kix‡i Avwg‡li Pvwn`v wØ¸Y e„w× cvq, we‡kl K‡i

†k‡li 6 gv‡m, KviY GB mgq wkïi ˆ`wnK e„w× †ekx nq| cÖ‡qvRbxq Avwg‡li Afv‡e Kg IR‡bi I Kg

eyw×m¤úbœ wkï Rb¥ †bq| Kg IRb wkïi cieZ©x‡Z g„Zz¨ SzwuK †e‡o hvq|

GQvovI Avwgl †`‡ni cÖ‡qvRbxq wfUvwgb I LwbR je‡Yi Pvwn`v c~iY K‡i| Avwgl gv‡qi ey‡K chv©ß ya Zix

K‡i| Avwg‡li Pvwn`v c~i‡Yi Rb¨ cÖwZw`b 3 †ejvi Lvev‡ii g‡a¨ †h‡Kvb `yB †ejvq Aek¨B GKUzKiv gvSvix

AvKv‡ii (30 MÖvg IR‡bi) gvQ/gvsm/wWg /KwjRv I `ya (1 Møvm) _vK‡Z n‡e| cÖvYxR Avwg‡li cvkvcvwk Nb

Wvj (Ava Kvc), wm‡gi wewP, ev`vg (GK gy‡Vv) BZ¨vw` †L‡Z cvi‡j Avwg‡li NvUwZ wKQyUv c~iY n‡e|

3. kvKmewR I dj: wfUvwgb I LwbR je‡Yi cÖavb Drm n‡jv wewfbœ ai‡Yi iwOb kvKmewR I dj-g~j| gv‡qi

I wkïi meai‡Yi wfUvwgb I LwbR je‡Yi Pvwn`v c~i‡Yi Rb¨ gv‡K cÖwZw`b Aek¨B mwVK cwigv‡Y kvKmewR

I dj-g~j †L‡Z n‡e| †`‡ni me A½cÖZ¨‡½i A_v©r; Z¡K, bL, †PvL, Pzj, `vuZ, gvwo, nv‡oi my¯’Zvi Rb¨

wfUvwgb I LwbR jeY cÖ‡qvRb| nv‡oi MVb, i³ Zwi, i³ RgvU evuav, nRg kw³, nR‡gi ci cywó Dcv`vb‡K

kix‡ii wewfbœ RvqMvq cwienb K‡i wb‡q hvIqv, myiæwP BZ¨vw` wVK ivL‡Z wfUvwgb I LwbR jeY GKmv‡_

KvR K‡i| G Dcv`vb¸‡jv †`‡ni †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv e„w× K‡i †`n‡K myy&¯’ iv‡L| wfUvwg‡bi g‡a¨ ÔGÕ,

wewfbœ ai‡Yi ÔweÕ, ÔwmÕ, ÔwWÕ, ÔBÕ I Ô†KÕ Ges LwbR je‡Yi g‡a¨ Avqib, Av‡qvwWb, wRsK, K¨vjwmqvg,

†mvwWqvg, cUvwkqvg BZ¨vw` D‡jøL‡hvM¨| g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e, wewfbœ ai‡Yi kvKmewR I d‡j wewfbœ ai‡Yi

wfUvwgb I LwbR jeY _v‡K, GB Kvi‡Y wewfbœ cÖKv‡ii Mvp meyR, njy`, Kgjv, jvj BZ¨vw` mewR I dj †L‡Z

n‡e| wfUvwgb mewR I d‡ji i‡m, †Lvmvq Ges wKQy wfUvwgb †Z‡ji g‡a¨ _v‡K| wfUvwgb I LwbR je‡Yi

Pvwn`v c~i‡Yi Rb¨ cÖwZw`b 3 †ejv 1 evwU K‡i (250 wg:wj) kvK-mewR †L‡Z n‡e, cvkvcvwk 2 evi †h‡Kvb

ai‡Yi †gŠmywg dj †L‡Z n‡e|

4. `ya: Mf©Kvjxb mgq gv‡qi I wkïi †`‡ni MV‡bi Rb¨ `ya LyeB cÖ‡qvRb| `y‡a cÖvYxR Avwgl, kK©iv I Pwe©

Av‡Q hv gv I wkïi †`‡ni gvsm‡cwk MV‡b Ges kw³ †hvMv‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| GQvov `y‡a LwbR Dcv`vb

(K¨vjwmqvg) cÖPzi cwigv‡Y _v‡K, hv wkïi †`‡ni nvo I `vuZ MV‡b mvnvh¨ K‡i| Ab¨vb¨ LwbR je‡Yi g‡a¨

i‡q‡Q †mvwWqvg I cUvwkqvg| `y‡a meai‡Yi wfUvwgbI Av‡Q|

gv hw` wK‡kvix nb Z‡e `y‡ai cÖ‡qvRbxqZv AviI †e‡o hvq| cÖwZ‡ejv GK Kvc K‡i †gvU 3 Møvm `ya A_ev

`y‡ai ˆZix †h‡Kvb Lvevi, †hgb `B, cv‡qm, `y‡a wfRv‡bv wcVv BZ¨vw` †L‡Z n‡e|

5. cvwb: †`‡ni my¯’Zvi Rb¨ cvwbi f~wgKv Acwinvh©| Avgv‡`i †`‡ki AvenvIqv Abyhvqx gv‡K w`‡b Kgc‡¶ 8

Møvm cvwb cvb Ki‡Z n‡e| eZ©gv‡b wUDeI†q‡ji ev mvcøvB Gi cvwb †hUvB †nvK bv †Kb Aek¨B 20 wgwbU

dzwU‡q VvÐv K‡i †L‡Z n‡e| G†Z K‡i cvwbevwnZ †ivM, †hgb Wvqwiqv, RwÛm, UvBd‡qW BZ¨vw` nIqvi

57


m¤¢vebv K‡g hv‡e| †`‡n cvwbi cwigvY Kg n‡j wkïi I gv‡qi Df‡qi bvbvb iKg mgm¨v †`Lv w`‡Z cv‡i|

gv‡qi kix‡i cvwbi cwigvY Kg n‡j Zj‡c‡U e¨_v K‡i, AcwiYZ wkï A_ev Kg IR‡bi wkïi Rb¥ nIqvi

m¤¢vebv _v‡K|

6. Avqib-dwjK GwmW U¨ve‡jU: gv‡K M‡f©i Pvi gvm †_‡K cÖwZw`b Kgc†¶ 1Uv K‡i Avqib-dwjK GwmW

U¨ve‡jU (60 wg.MÖv Avqib Ges 40 wg.MÖv. dwjK GwmW) †L‡Z n‡e, G‡Z K‡i gv‡qi Ges M‡f©i wkïi

i³¯^íZv nIqvi m¤¢vebv K‡g hv‡e I M‡f©i wkïi eyw×i weKvk wVKfv‡e n‡e| gv‡qi i³¯^íZv _vK‡j cÖm‡ei

ci i³¶iY †ekx nq| Avqib-dwjK GwmW U¨ve‡jU wbqwgZ †L‡j i³¯^íZv K‡g hv‡e Ges AwZwi³

i³¶iYI n‡e bv|

gv hw` fvZ LvIqvi mgq cÖwZw`b GKUv K‡i Avqib dwjK GwmW U¨ve‡jU Lvb Ges cv‡Z GKUz †jey Lvb Z‡e

U¨ve‡jUwU kix‡i †Kvb weiƒc cÖwZwµqvi m„wó Ki‡e bv Ges Lye fv‡jvfv‡e KvR Ki‡e|

7. wi‡evd¬vwfb ev we-2: Mf©eZx gv‡qi †Vvu‡Ui †Kvbvq Nv †`Lv w`‡j Zv‡K cÖwZ‡ejv 1Uv K‡i wi‡evd¬vwfb U¨ve‡jU

(wi‡evmb) w`‡b 3 evi †L‡Z w`‡Z n‡e hZw`b ch©šÍ Nv fvj bv nq|

8. K¨vjwmqvg U¨ve‡jU: gv‡qi kix‡ii NvUwZ c~iY I wkïi nvo I `vu‡Zi mwVK e„w×i Rb¨ M‡f©i Pvi gvm †_‡K

gv‡K cÖwZw`b Kgc‡¶ 1Uv K‡i K¨vjwmqvg U¨ve‡jU (500 wgwjMÖvg) †L‡Z n‡e| fiv †c‡U K¨vjwmqvg

U¨ve‡jU †L‡j kix‡i †Kvb weiƒc cÖwZwµqvi m„wó Ki‡e bv| gv‡qi `vu‡Zi I nv‡oi mgm¨vI †`Lv †`‡e bv|

9. K…wgbvkK U¨ve‡jU: Mf©ve¯’vq gv‡qi †c‡U hw` K…wg _v‡K Z‡e gv hZB cywóKi Lvevi MÖnY KiæK bv †Kb †`‡ni

cywóMZ Ae¯’vi †Kvb DbœwZ n‡e bv| ZvB gv‡K M‡f©i 5-7 gv‡mi g‡a¨ 1wU K…wgbvkK ewo (Gj‡ebWvRj) MÖnY

Ki‡Z n‡e|

10. Av‡qvwWbhy³ jeY: ivbœvq Aek¨B Av‡qvwWbhy³ jeY e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e, G†Z M‡f©i wkïi gvbwmK weKvk

ev eyw×i weKvk fvj n‡e|

11. gv‡K Aek¨B R`©v, ZvgvK cvZv BZ¨vw` LvIqv eÜ Ki‡Z n‡e|

5.3. 2 cÖm~wZ gv‡qi cywó:

Av‡jvPbv K‡i Rvbv‡Z n‡e cÖmywZ gv †Kvb †Kvb ai‡Yi Lvevi Lv‡eb Ges †Kb Lv‡eb:

1. cÖm~wZ gv‡KI Mf©eZx gv‡qi g‡Zv wKQyUv †ekx cwigv‡Y Lvevi MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e, G†Z K‡i gv ZvovZvwo my¯’

n‡q DV‡eb Ges wkï cÖPzi cwigv‡Y ey‡Ki `ya cv‡e| cÖm~wZ gv‡qi ˆ`wbK evowZ 700 wK‡jvK¨vjwi kw³i

cÖ‡qvRb| G†¶‡Î 500 wK‡jvK¨vjwi Lvevi †_‡K Avm‡e Ges evwK 200 wK‡jvK¨vjwi gv‡qi kix‡i Mf©ve¯’vq

mwÂZ †g` ev Pwe© †_‡K Avm‡e| myZivs Mf©Kvjxb mgq gv †hfv‡e evowZ Lvevi †L‡Zb wVK †mfv‡e LvIqv

Pvwj‡q hv‡eb hZw`b ch©šÍ wkï‡K ey‡Ki `ya LvIqv‡eb|

2. cÖm‡ei ci Kgc‡¶ wZbgvm ch©šÍ Avqib-dwjK GwmW U¨ve‡jU cÖwZw`b 1Uv K‡i Ges K¨vjwmqvg U¨ve‡jU

1Uv †L‡Z n‡e, d‡j gv‡qi i³¯^íZv n‡e bv Ges wkïiI gv‡qi `y‡ai gva¨‡g Avqi‡bi Pvwn`v c~iY n‡e|

cvkvcvwk K¨vjwmqvg U¨ve‡jU gv‡qi I wkïi nvo I `vu‡Zi MVb Ki‡e|

3. cÖm~wZ gv‡qi †Vvu‡Ui †Kvbvq Nv †`Lv w`‡j Zv‡K cÖwZ‡ejv 1Uv K‡i w`‡b 3 evi wi‡evd¬vwfb ev we-2 U¨ve‡jU

(wi‡evmb) †L‡Z w`‡Z n‡e hZw`b ch©šÍ Nv fvj bv nq|

58


4. wkïi R‡b¥i ci gv‡K 14 w`‡bi g‡a¨ GKwU 200,000 B›Uvib¨vkbvj BDwbU wfUvwgb ÕGÕ K¨vcmyj LvIqv‡Z

n‡e| G‡Z gv ZvovZvwo my¯’ n‡q DV‡e Ges gv‡qi `y‡ai gva¨‡g wkïi Pvwn`vI c~iY n‡e, d‡j wkïi

ivZKvbv, Wvqwiqv, wbD‡gvwbqv BZ¨vw` †iv‡Mi m¤¢vebv K‡g hv‡e|

5. cÖm~wZ gv cÖwZw`b Kgc‡¶ 8 Møvm cvwb cvb Ki‡Z n‡e| cvwb Aek¨B dzwU‡q †L‡Z n‡e|

6. gv‡K Aek¨B R`©v, ZvgvK cvZv BZ¨vw` LvIqv eÜ Ki‡Z n‡e|

†bvU: A‡b‡KB g‡b K‡ib †h, gv‡K †ekx cwigvY ev cywóKi Lvevi w`‡jB Zvi ey‡K †ekx cwigv‡Y ya Avm‡e|

GUv wVK bq| †ekx Lvevi gv‡qi Rb¨ fv‡jv| wKš‘ ey‡Ki ya evov‡bvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb wkï‡K eyK Lvwj K‡i †ekx

mgq wb‡q evievi `ya LvIqv‡bv|

59


Awa‡ekb 6:

KvD‡Ýwjs:


• mwVK KvD‡Ýwjs ev civgk©`v‡bi Rb¨ †h †h `¶Zvi cÖ‡qvRb Zv eyS‡Z cvi‡eb|

• KvD‡Ýwjs Kivi mgq †h welq¸‡jv we‡ePbvq ivL‡Z n‡e Zv Rvb‡eb|

• KvD‡Ýwjs Ki‡Z wkL‡eb|

Kvh©µg 1: KvD‡Ýwjs wK Ges Gi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv

Kvh©µg 2: Awfb‡qi (†ivj †cø) gva¨‡g KvD‡Ýwjs Abykxjb

†gvU mgq: 2 NÈv

cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiY: cyZzj

Kvh©µg 1: KvD‡Ýwjs wK Ges Gi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv

• †ivj‡cø Kivi mgq mnvqK B”QvK…Zfv‡e fyjfv‡e KvD‡Ýwjs K‡i †`Lv‡eb|

• mnvqK wK wK fyj K‡i‡Qb Zv AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Kv‡Q Rvb‡Z PvB‡eb|

• mnvqK AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Kv‡Q KvD‡Ýwjs `¶Zv evovevi Rb¨ gZvgZ Rvb‡Z PvB‡eb|

AskMÖnYKvix‡ì gZvgZ Rvbvi ci wZwb cybivq mwVKfv‡e KvD‡Ýwjs K‡i †`Lv‡eb|

KvD‡Ýwjs n‡”Q GKwU cÖwµqv hvi gva¨‡g †mevMÖnxZv (Mf©eZx gwnjv, `y»`vbKvix gv)/cwiPh©vKvixi mgm¨v¸‡jv wK

†m¸‡jv g‡bv‡hv‡Mi mv‡_ †kvbv, Zv‡K mnvbyf~wZ †`Lv‡bv Ges Zvici hyw³, Z_¨ I civg‡k©i Øviv mgm¨vmg~n

wbim‡bi Dcvq Luy‡R †ei K‡i †mevMÖnxZv‡K welqwU we‡ePbv Ki‡Z DrmvwnZ K‡i wbw`©ó wm×všÍ wb‡Z mnvqZv Kiv|

KvD‡Ýwjs Gi ¸iæZ¡:

AvZ¥wek¦vm AR©b Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i

mgm¨vi mgvavb K‡i

†Kvb fyj aviYv `~i Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i

Af¨vm/ AvPiY cwieZ©‡b ev bZyb †Kvb Af¨vm/ AvPiY MÖn‡Y mnvqZv K‡i

mdjfv‡e KvD‡Ýwjs Kivi Rb¨ wb‡Pi avç†jv †g‡b Pj‡Z n‡e:

Av‡jvPbvi cwi‡ek ˆZix Kiv

†mevMÖnxZvi K_v †kvbv

Av‡jvPbvi ga¨ †_‡K mgm¨v¸‡jv wPwýZ Kiv

mwVK wm×všÍ wb‡Z mnvqZv Kiv

†mevMÖnxZv wK ey‡S‡Qb Zv hvPvB K‡i †`Lv

AvZ¥wek¦vm/Av¯’v ˆZix Kiv

KvD‡Ýwjs Gi `¶Zvmg~n: †hvMv‡hv‡Mi aiY Ges G mgq hv j¶¨ ivL‡Z n‡e

†hvMv‡hv‡Mi aiY 2 cÖKvi:

1. K_v bv e‡j †hvMv‡hvM Kiv (Non- verbal communication)

2. K_v e‡j †hvMv‡hvM Kiv (Verbal communication)

60

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1. K_v bv e‡j †hvMv‡hvM Kiv (Non- verbal communication):

K_v bv e‡j †hvMv‡hv‡Mi mgq ¯^v¯’¨Kg©x‡ì‡K wbgœwjwLZ welq¸‡jv j¶¨ ivL‡Z n‡e|

GKB Ae¯’v‡b emv (Keep your head level)

†Pv‡L †PvL ivLv (Eye contact)

†Kvb evav bv ivLv (Remove barrier)

mgq †bqv (Taking time)

mwVKfv‡e ¯úk© Kiv (Appropriate touch)

2. K_v e‡j †hvMv‡hvM Kiv (Verbal communication):

¯^v¯’¨Kg©x‡ì‡K †hvMv‡hv‡Mi mgq Zv‡ì‡K wbgœwjwLZ welq¸‡jv j¶¨ ivL‡Z n‡e|

†Lvjv cÖkœ Kiv (Open Question)

gv‡qi K_vq AvMÖn cÖKvk Kiv (Use response & show interest)

gv‡qi K_vi cybive„wË Kiv (Reflect back)

gv‡qi Abyf~wZ eyS‡Z cviv (Show that you understand how she feels)

wePvig~jK kã cwinvi Kiv (Avoid using judging words)

†Lvjv cÖkœ Kiv (Ask open questions):

†Lvjv cÖkœ mvaviYZ LyeB DcKvix| cÖ‡kœi DË‡i gv Aek¨B Avcbv‡K wKQy Z_¨ w`‡e| †Lvjv cÖkœ mvaviYZ ïiæ

nq ÔwKfv‡e, wK, KLb, †Kv_vq, †KbÕ GB me kã w`‡q| †hgb ÒwKfv‡e Avcwb wkï‡K LvIqv‡”Qb?Ó

e× cÖkœ GKUz Kg DcKvix| gv‡qi KvQ †_‡K hv Avkv Kiv nq, gv ZvB DËi †`q Ges DËiwU n¨vu ev bv nq| e×

cÖkœ mvaviYZ ïiæ nq: ÒAvcwb wK †L‡q‡Qb?Ó ÒAvcbvi wkï‡K ey‡Ki `ya LvIqvb?Ó

mnvbyf~wZ †`Lv‡bv (Using responses and gestures which show interest):

GKRb gv‡qi mv‡_ K‡_vcK_b Pvwj‡q hvIqvi Rb¨ Avcbv‡K †evSv‡Z n‡e †h Avcwb Zvi K_v g‡bv‡hvM mnKv‡i

ïb‡Qb Ges K_v †kvbvi AvMÖnI Avcbvi Av‡Q| Avcwb †h Zvi K_v AvMÖn wb‡q ïb‡Qb GUv †evSv‡bvi Rb¨ gv‡S

gv‡S Zvi w`‡K ZvKvb, gv_v bvovb Ges nvwm w`b|

D`vniY:

gv: Avwg DwØMœ n‡q wM‡qwQjvg †h Avwg wbðqB Ggb wKQz †L‡qwQjvg hvi Rb¨ †m Avgvi ey‡Ki `ya nRg Ki‡Z

cv‡iwb|

¯^v¯’¨Kgx©: Avn&v (mnvbyf~wZ cÖKv‡ki Rb¨ gv_v bvoyb)

gv‡qi K_vi c~bive„wË Kiv (Reflect back what the mother says):

gv‡K Avk¦¯Í Ki‡Z n‡e †h Avcwb gv‡qi K_v ïb‡Qb, G Rb¨ gv hv ej‡Q †mB K_v Av‡iv cwi®‹vi K‡i †evSvi

Rb¨ gv‡K GKB K_v ej‡Z n‡e, G†Z K‡i gv eyS‡eb Avcwb Zvi K_v ïb‡Qb|

D`vniY:

gv: Avgvi wkï †ewk †L‡Z Pvq| mviv¶YB cÖvq `ya gy‡L wb‡q ivL‡Z Pvq, Avwg K¬všÍ †eva Kwi|

¯^v¯’¨Kgx©: wkïwU Lye †ewk †L‡Z Pvq|

61


gv‡qi Abyf~wZ eySv (Show that you understand how she feels):

hLb GKRb gv Zvi mšÍv‡bi e¨vcv‡i †Kvb cÖKvi Abyf~wZ e¨³ Ki‡eb, ZLb Avcbv‡K Aek¨B Zvi K_v g‡bv‡hvM

w`‡q ïb‡Z n‡e Ges Zv‡K †evSv‡Z n‡e †h Avcwb Zvi Abyf~wZ eyS‡Z †c‡i‡Qb| mngwg©Zv I mnvbyf~wZ `yBwU

wfbœ welq| hLb Avcwb Kv‡iv Rb¨ `ytL †c‡jb Zvi gv‡b Avcwb Zv‡K mnvbyf~wZ †`Lv‡”Qb, wKš‘ welqwU‡K

Avcbvi wbR¯^ `„wóf½x w`‡q Abyfe Ki‡Z n‡e| GKRb gv‡qi Abyf~wZ †evSvi Rb¨ mngwg©Zv A‡bK †ewk

Kvh©Kix| mngwg©Zv w`‡q GKB mv‡_ gv‡qi fvj I Lvivc `yBwU Abyf~wZ‡KB mn‡R AbyaveY Kiv hvq|

D`vniY:

gv: wkï Avgvi ey‡Ki `ya †L‡Z Pv‡”Q bv| Avgvi ey‡Ki `ya †m GLb cQ›` Ki‡Q bv|

¯^v¯’¨Kgx©: Avcwb wK g‡b Ki‡Qb †h †m Avcbv‡K cQ›` Ki‡Q bv?

gv: nu¨v, Avgvi g‡b nq †m Avgv‡K fv‡jvev‡m bv, †m GB mßvn †_‡K GB iKg ïiæ K‡i‡Q hLb †_‡K Zvi `v`x

Avgv‡ì mv‡_ _vK‡Z G‡m‡Q Ges Zv‡K †evZ‡j K‡i `ya LvIqv‡”Q|

¯^v¯’¨Kgx©: Avcbvi wK g‡b n‡”Q wZwbB ïay wkï‡K LvIqv‡Z Pv‡”Qb?

gv: nu¨v, †m Avgvi wkï†K Avgvi KvQ †_‡K †Rvi K‡i †K‡o wb‡Z Pvq|

gšÍe¨: ¯^v¯’¨Kgx© mivmwi †Kvb cÖkœ Kiv e¨wZ‡i‡K mngwg©Zv w`‡q gv‡qi Abyf~wZ Ges wKQz ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Z_¨ msMÖn

Ki‡Z cvi‡jb|

¯^w¯Í`vqK Abyf‚wZ:

gv: wkï Lye fv‡jvfv‡e `ya †U‡b Lv‡”Q Avi LvIqvi ci †m Lywk‡Z _v‡K|

¯^v¯’¨Kgx©: Avcwb wbðq Lye Lywk †h Avcbvi wkï fv‡jv Av‡Q|

gv: nu¨v, Avwg LyeB Lywk Ges Avwg Zv‡K †evZ‡ji `ya LvIqv‡ev bv|

¯^v¯’¨Kgx©: Avcwb Avcbvi wkï†K Avb‡›ì mv‡_ `ya LvIqv‡”Qb GUv LyeB fv‡jv|

gšÍe¨: GUv LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y© †h GKRb gv‡qi myLvbyf~wZ‡Z I Avcbv‡K AvMÖn cÖKvk Ki‡Z n‡e|

wePvig~jK kã eënvi †_‡K weiZ _vKv (Avoid using judging words):

KvD‡Ýwjs-Gi mgq wePvig~jK kã cwinvi Ki‡j Avmj Z_¨ cvIqv hvq| GRb¨ wePvig~jK kã cwinvi Kiv

DwPZ| evsjv fvlvq wKQy wKQy kã ejv †h‡Z cv‡i †hgb-fv‡jv, g›`, wVK, fyj, Lvivc, h‡_ó, h_vh_fv‡e BZ¨vw`

G¸‡jv wePvig~jK kã| D`vniY:

Avcbvi wkï wK wVKgZ `ya Lvq? GLv‡b ÔwVKgZÕ wePvig~jK kã| Gi DË‡i gv n¨vu ev bv ej‡eb| Avi hw` cÖkœ

Kiv hvq Avcbvi wkï†K `ya LvIqv‡bv †Kgb Pj‡Q? Gi DË‡i gv A‡bK K_v ej‡eb| ZLb KvD‡Ýj‡ii eyS‡Z

myweav n‡e †h mgm¨vUv †Kv_vq| GRb¨ KvD‡Ýwjs G wePvig~jK kã cwinvi Kiv DwPZ|

gv‡qi AvZ¥wek¦vm AR©‡bi avcmg~n:

GALIDRAAG-Greet (MÖxU) - nvwm gy‡L gv‡K ¯^vMZ Rvbvb

A- Ask and Assess (Avm&K GÛ A¨v‡mm) - eZ©gvb Af¨vmmg~n wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiæb

L-Listen (wj‡mb) - wK e‡j, Zv ïbyb

I-Identify (AvB‡WbwUdvB) - m¤¢ve¨ mgm¨vwU mbv³ Kiæb

D-Discuss (wWmKvm) - wKfv‡e GB me mgm¨v `~i Kiv hvq †m welq wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiæb

RA-Recommend and Negotiate Actions (wiK‡gÛ GÛ †b‡Mvwk‡qU GKkbm)-

62


weKí¸†jv Zz‡j aiæb, Ae¯’vi Dbœq‡b Zviv bZzb bZzb PP©v¸‡jv Abykxjb Ki‡Z ivwR Av‡Qb wKbv Zv Rvb‡Z Pvb

Ges †mev MÖnYKvix‡K ejyb †Kvb GKwU eë¯’v evQv&B Ki‡Z hv Zviv †Póv K‡i †`L‡Z cv‡ib

A-Appoinment (G¨vc‡q›U‡g›U) - d‡jv-Avc wfwR‡Ui Rb¨ ZvwiL wVK Kiæb|

wKfv‡e gv‡qi AvZ¥wek¦vm evov‡Z n‡e:

- gv‡qi K_v MÖnY Kiv- gv hv ej‡Qb Zv g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q †kvbv| gv‡qi K_v wek¦vm Kiv Ges wZwb hv

e‡j‡Qb †m e¨vcv‡i Zvi mv‡_ ZK© ev Dëv cÖkœ bv Kiv ev gv‡K K_vi gvSLv‡b _vwg‡q bv †`qv

- gv‡qi Kv‡Ri cÖksmv Kiv Ges wkïi m¤ú‡K© fv‡jv K_v ejv

- nv‡Z Kj‡g mvnvh¨ Kiv- cÖ‡qvR‡b gv‡K wkïi Lvevi ˆZix Ki‡Z ev gv hv‡Z Avivg K‡i mgq wb‡q

wkï‡K LvIqv‡Z cv‡i †m e¨vcv‡i Zv‡K mvnvh¨ Kiv

- cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨ †`qv (2/3 wUi †ekx bv) - `yB wZbUvi †ekx civgk© GKw`‡b bv †`qv|

- Lye †ekx ej‡j gvÕi c‡¶ †KvbUvB Kiv m¤¢e n‡e bv| gvÕi c‡¶ Kiv m¤¢e Ggb 2-3 wU civgk© w`‡Z

n‡e Ges Zvi Kv‡Q ï‡b wb‡Z n‡e Avcwb hv ej‡jb Zv wK wK Ges Zvi c‡¶ Gme Kiv m¤¢e wK bv

- mnR fvlv eënvi Kiv- mnR fvlvq A_©vr †hfv‡e Avgiv K_v ewj †mfv‡e gv‡qi mv‡_ K_v ej‡Z

n‡e| KwVb fvlv hv gv‡qi eyS‡Z Amyweav nq Zv eënvi Kiv hv‡e bv

Kvh©µg 2: †ivj †cøi gva¨‡g Abykxjb

• mnvqK AskMÖnYKvix‡ì 2wU eo `‡j fvM Ki‡eb, †hgb `j K I `j L| cÖwZwU `j‡K Avevi 2wU

Dc`‡j A_©vr †gvU 4wU †QvU `‡j fvM Ki‡eb, †hgb `j K1 I K2 Ges `j L1 I L2| †QvU `‡ji

AskMÖnYKvix‡ì g‡a¨ 1Rb gv I 1Rb KvD‡Ýji n‡eb| evwK AskMÖnYKvixiv ch©‡e¶K wnmv‡e

_vK‡eb Ges g‡bv‡hvM mnKv‡i KvD‡Ýj‡ii K_v ïb‡eb I †`L‡eb hv‡Z K‡i cieZ©x‡Z KvD‡Ýjvi‡K

wdWe¨vK w`‡Z cv‡ib| `‡ji mnvqK AskMÖnYKvix‡ì †ivj †cø wKfv‡e Ki‡Z n‡e Zv wkwL‡q †`‡eb

Ges GKwU Kvwnbx ev †Km ÷vwW †`‡eb| Gfv‡e Ab¨vb¨ `j¸‡jv G†K G‡K †ivj †cø Ki‡eb| mnvqK

wbwðZ Ki‡eb hv‡Z mKj AskMÖnYKvixMY KvD‡Ýj‡ii f~wgKvq Awfbq Kivi my‡hvM cvb|

• mnvqK KvD‡Ýwjs Gi mgq AskMÖnYKvixM‡Yi w`‡K we‡klfv‡e †Lqvj ivL‡eb Ges KvD‡Ýji wn‡m‡e

AskMÖnYKvixi fv‡jv welq I fyj welq¸‡jv wj‡L ivL‡eb Ges cieZx©‡Z eywS‡q ej‡eb|

• GB `j wn‡m‡eB gvV ch©v‡qi eënvwiK cÖwk¶Y †`‡eb Ges GKRb GKRb K‡i gv‡K KvD‡Ýwjs

Ki‡eb| GRb¨ j fvM Kivi ci AskMÖnYKvix‡ì bvg I mnvqK Gi bvg wd¬cPv‡U© wj‡L ivL‡eb, hv‡Z

c‡ii w`b gv‡V hvIqvi Av‡M mgq bó bv nq|

• KvD‡Ýwjs †mk‡bi c‡i Av‡jvPbvi Rb¨ mnvqK Gi Rb¨ 1 N›Uv mgq eivÏ ivL‡eb| cÖ_‡g

AskMÖnYKvix‡ì ci¯ú‡ii KvR m¤ú‡K© gZvgZ †b‡eb, KvD‡Ýji wn‡m‡e AskMÖnYKvix‡ì AwfÁZv

ïb‡eb Ges me©‡k‡l mnvqK wb‡Ri gZvgZ †`‡eb| Gfv‡e cÖwZwU `j‡K wdWe¨vK †`‡eb|

• wK Ki‡j KvD‡Ýwjs AviI fvj Kiv hv‡e †m wel‡qI mnvqK Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb|

63


Awa‡ekb 7:

A¨vKzqvKvjPvi: BbwµwRs BbKvg, WvBfvwm©dvBs Wv‡qUm, A¨vÛ GgcvIqvwis I†gb Bb evsjv‡`k cÖ‡R±

Gi cUf‚wg I Kvh©µg

cÖK‡íi cUf‚wg:

gv‡Q fv‡Z evOvwj| gvQ evOvwji AwZ wcÖq Lv`¨| D”P Avwglhy³ GB Lvevi cÖvYxR Avwgl Pvwn`vi kZKiv 60 fvM

†hvMvb †`q| gv‡Qi †cÖvwUb mnRcvP¨ Ges †`n MV‡b mnvqK, eZ©gv‡b gv‡Qi Drcv`b j¶Ÿxq nv‡i e„w× †c‡q‡Q|

gv‡Qi Pvwn`v I mieivn g‡Wj †_‡K †`Lv hvq †h, 2010 mv‡j gv‡Qi gv_vwcQz Pvwn`v 18 †KwR †_‡K DbœxZ

n‡q‡Q, hv 2030 mv‡ji g‡a¨ 30 †KwR‡Z DbœxZ Ki‡Z n‡e| aviYv Kiv nq †h, GRb¨ 2015 †_‡K 2030 mv‡ji

g‡a¨ evrmwiK gv‡Qi Drcv`b 5% e„w× Ki‡Z cvi‡jB G Ae¯’vq †cŠuQv‡bv m¤¢e n‡e| cÖwZeQi gv‡Qi Drcv`b

5 wgwjqb †gwUªK Ub evov‡Z cvi‡j 2030 mv‡ji g‡a¨ Drcv`b jw¶Z gvÎvq DbœxZ n‡e, hv 2010 mv‡ji Zzjbvq

cÖvq wZb¸Y| gvQ Pvl welqK wewfbœ M‡elYvjä djvdj Abyhvqx †`Lv †M‡Q †h, gvQPv‡li Drcv`bkxjZv Lv‡`ï

gvb I mvkªqx g~‡jï Dci Dbœqb wbf©i K‡i (Tran and Chan 2018)| G†ÿ‡Î grm¨Pvl Dbœq‡bi AvIZvq

wewfbœ g‡Wj Gi Dbœqb, DbœZgv‡bi Pvlc×wZ, gv‡Qi Lvev‡ii ¸YMZgvb Ges mvkªqx `v‡g Lvevi mieivn †ewk

gvQ Drcv`b I ¯’vwqZ¡kxj grm¨ Drcv`b wbwðZ Ki‡e| M‡elYv cÖgvY K‡i †h, grm¨ Pvl 2 wgwjqb gvby‡li

`vwi`ª¨Zv `~i K‡i| gvQ Pvl D‡jøL‡hvM¨fv‡e GB cÖfve we¯Ívi Kivi cÖPzi Awfbe my‡hvM cÖ`vb K‡i| Zvic‡iI

evsjv‡`‡k grm¨Pvl I grm¨ LvZ A‡bK Dbœqb cÖwZKzjZvi m¤§yLxb n‡”Q|

grm¨Pvl Drcv`bkxjZvi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ DbœwZ Ae¨vnZ ivL‡Z ¯’vbxq †mevcÖ`vbKvix e¨w³‡ì AwaK `¶Zv I gvb

êlg¨, †UKmB I e¨vcK gvrm¨Pvl Lv‡Zi cÖe„w× AR©b, RwUj P¨v‡jÄ wn‡m‡e i‡q †M‡Q| bvixiv cÖvqktB gvQ

Pv‡li gva¨‡g RxweKvi my‡hvM ev grm¨ f¨vj~ †PB‡b AskMÖn‡Yi my‡hvM †_‡K ewÂZ n‡”Q| AwaKvsk †ÿ‡Î Zv‡ì

f‚wgKv AcÖKvwkZ ev AMÖnY‡hvM¨ _v‡K Ges Zv‡ì A‡bK KvRB cvwikªwgK Gi AvIZvf~³ bq| G ai‡Yi cÖeYZv

hLb cwieZ©b n‡Z ïiæ K‡i ZLb †RÛvi evav D‡jøL‡hvM¨ nv‡i n«vm cvq| Dbœq‡bi aviv Ae¨vnZ ivLvi Rb¨ G

mKj myweav bvix-cyiæl Gi g‡a¨ êlg¨nxbfv‡e weZiY Ki‡Z n‡e| †Møvevj †RÛvi M¨vc wi‡cvU© Abyhvqx 149 wU

†`‡ki g‡a¨ evsjv‡`‡ki Ae¯’vb 48Zg (World Economic Forum, 2018) Ges †RÛvi AmgZvm~PK Abyhvqx

189wU †`‡ki g‡a¨ evsjv‡`‡ki Ae¯’vb 134Zg (UNDP, 2018)| wj½ êlg¨nxb K…wl ev grm¨ †m±‡ii g~j

P¨v‡jÄ n‡jv bvix Pvwl‡ì m¤ú` I wm×všÍ MÖn‡Y cyiæ‡li Zzjbvq mxwgZ cÖ‡ekvwaKvi| GB ¸iæZ¡c~Y© evav bvix

Pvwl‡ì cy‡ivcywifv‡e gvQ Pv‡l m¤ú„³ n‡Z Ges evRvi Gi mydj †c‡Z evav m„wó K‡i| cÖK…Zc‡¶ emZevwoi

cyKz‡i gvQPv‡l bvix‡ì m¤ú„³ nIqvi welqwU cÖv_wgKfv‡e Abyrcv`bkxj f~wgKvi AšÍf©~³ A_©vr cvwikªwgK †bB

Ges wm×všÍ mg~nI bvix‡ì Øviv M„nxZ bq (FAO 2017)| †KejgvÎ d¨v±ix‡Z cÖwµqvRvZKiY KvR e¨wZZ

bvix‡ì mvßvwnK A¨v‡KvqvKvjPvi f¨vjy †PB‡b hy³ nIqvi GKwU cÖeYZv †`Lv hvq, hv Drcv`bkxj f‚wgKvi

AšÍf©~³ (Choudhury et al 2017)| G wel‡q †m±iwfwËK †Kvb cwimsL¨vb †bB| wKš‘ e„nËi †ÿ‡Î †`Lv hvq

evsjv‡`‡k gvÎ 17% bvix wewfbœfv‡e KzwUi wkí, ¶z`ª ev gvSvix D‡`¨v³v wn‡m‡e wb‡qvwRZ i‡q‡Q| GQvovI

eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡k Lye KgmsL¨K bvix (10%) D‡`¨v³v wn‡m‡e wb‡qvwRZ Av‡Q (Roy 2016)| GB P¨v‡jÄwU

†RÛvi aviYv I †÷wiIUvB‡ci mv‡_ m¤ú„„³ †hgb bvix‡ì g~jKvR n‡jv cwiev‡ii †`Lv‡kvbv Kiv, hv cwiev‡ii

cyiæl m`‡mï Zzjbvq cvwikªwgK wenxb, g~j¨nxb (Kg m¤§vbRbK) Ges hv evwoi evB‡i bvixi cwiågY (mobility) †K mxwgZ K‡i †d‡j (FAO 2017; Aregu et al 2018)|

cywó P¨v‡jÄ GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq| KviY Acywó †iv‡Mi cÖavb Drm¨ hv wnDg¨vb K¨vwcUvj‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i|

AwaKvsk †ÿ‡Î Lv`¨gvb LyeB wbgœ ch©v‡qi n‡j Acywói nvi AcÖZ¨vwkZfv‡e †ewk nq (HKI and JPGSPH 2016, Waid etal 2017)| cÖRbb¶g gwnjv I wkï†ì wfUvwgb I LwbR Dcv`vb h_v AvqiY, wRsK,

K¨vjwmqvg, wfUvwgb we12 Ges wfUvwgb ÔGÕ Gi Ach©vß †meb Le©Kvq Gi mv‡_ m¤ú„³, hv Rb¥MZfv‡e eyw×gËv

weKvk‡K euvavMÖ¯’ K‡i, Drcv`bkxjZv‡K ¶wZMÖ¯Í K‡i Ges DcvR©b Kivi ¶gZv Kwg‡q †`q| Le©Kvq Ges

Ab¨vb¨ AcywóRwbZ mgm¨v hv `vwi`ª¨Zvi mv‡_ m¤ú„³ Ges Áv‡bi mxgve×Zv RvZxq Dbœq‡b GKwU wbgœg~Lx aviv

eRvq iv‡L| wnmve K‡i †`Lv †M‡Q Acywói Kvi‡Y evsjv‡`‡k cÖwZeQi 1 wewjqb Wjvi Drcv`bkxjZv Kg nq|

gvQ cÖvYxR Avwg‡li GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Drm¨ hv Acywó `~ixKi‡Y ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv iv‡L|

64

...........................


ivRkvnx I iscyi wefv‡Mi 34 wgwjqb (340 j¶) Rb‡Mvwô we‡kl K‡i bvix I wkï†ì `vwi`ª¨Zv Ges Acywó D”P

ch©v‡qi hv evsjv‡`‡ki †gvU RbmsL¨vi 24%| wKš‘ G GjvKvi cÖvK…wZK cwi‡ek gvQ Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ e¨vcK

m¤¢vebvgq| evsjv‡`‡ki `w¶YvÂj †hLv‡b mvgyw`ªK, †gvnbv ev b`xi gv‡Qi ch©vßZv i‡q‡Q, †m Zzjbvq ivRkvnx

ev iscyi AÂj cy‡ivcywifv‡e ¯^v`ycvwbi gvQ, hv f‚Mf©¯’ cvwb ev e„wói cvwbi Dr†mi Dci wbf©ikxj| G AÂj

AvKw¯§K eb¨v Øviv ¶wZMÖ¯Í nq, wKš‘ GLv‡b mvB‡K¬v‡bi SzuwK Kg, Z‡e ¶ivi e¨vcK cÖfve i‡q‡Q| A_©vr gvwUi

êwkó¨ I cvwbi cÖvc¨Zv Abyhvqx gvQ Drcv`‡bi wewfbœ g‡Wj AbymiY K‡i GLv‡b ¶z`ª I cÖvwšÍK Pvwl‡ì gva¨‡g

gvQ Drcv`b Kiv m¤¢e, hv av‡bi Drcv`‡bi mv‡_I mgš^q Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| GLv‡b D‡jøL Kiv cÖ‡qvRb †h, G

AÂ†j gv‡Qi †cvbv Ges gvQPv‡li gvbm¤úbœ Ab¨vb¨ DcKiY mieivnKvix Kg Ges Giv wewfbœ gv‡K©‡Ui mv‡_

mshy³| ivRkvnx, XvKvi evRv‡i cÖavb gvQ mieivnKvix| wKš‘ ¯’vbxq evRv‡iI GLvb †_‡K gv‡Qi †hvMvb n‡q

_v‡K| GQvov AbvbyôvwbKfv‡e ivRkvnx †_‡K BwÛqv‡ZI gvQ hvq| BwÛqvi evRv‡i gvQ mieiv‡ni GB c×wZwU

GKvav‡i †hgb my‡hvM m„wó K‡i Ab¨fv‡e P¨v‡jÄI e‡U| hvB †nvK, G `yB wefv‡M gvQPv‡l bvix‡ì AskMÖnY

Kiv‡bvi gva¨‡g cywó ms†e`bkxj gv‡Qi Drcv`b evov‡bv Ges bvix‡ì cywógvb Dbœqb Gi h‡_ó m¤¢vebv i‡q‡Q|

cÖK‡íi j¶¨, D‡Ïk¨ I cÖfve:

50 gvm †gqvw` GB cÖK‡íi gva¨‡g, evsjv‡`‡ki DËi-cwðgvÂ‡j gvQPv‡l m¤ú„³ (n¨vPvix, bvm©vwi, Lv`¨ wWjvi

Ges Ab¨vb¨ DciKiY we‡µZv) D‡`¨v³v‡ì m¤úK© Dbœqb I kw³kvjx Kiv n‡e| hvi d‡j †UKmB grm¨ Pv‡li

gva¨‡g gvQ Drcv`b e„w× cv‡e, cywó Ae¯’vi Dbœqb NU‡e, gvQ I mswkøó Dcv`v‡bi evRvi eë¯’vcbvi Dbœqb n‡e

Ges Gi mv‡_ m¤ú„³ mK‡ji (bvix I ciæl) Avq e„w× cv‡e, hv we‡kl K‡i bvix‡ì ¶gZvwqZ Ki‡e|

cÖZ¨vwkZ djvdj:

• grm¨ Drcv`b I êwPÎ¨Zv e„w× cv‡e

• evRv‡ii mv‡_ ms†hvM Ges jvfRbK f¨vjy †PBb e„w× cv‡e

• ¶z`ª I cÖvwšÍK bvix I cyiæl Pvwl‡ì Kv‡Q ¸YMZ gvbm¤úbœœ DcKiY I †mev wbwðZ n‡e

• Lv`¨ êwPÎ¨Zv Ges gvQ LvIqv e„w× cv‡e

• m¤ú` I wm×všÍ MÖn‡Y bvixi ¶gZv evo‡e|

cÖZ¨vwkZ cÖfve:

• 10 j¶ (1 wgwjqb) †÷K‡nvìv‡ii emZevwo‡Z wgkªPv‡li gva¨‡g gv‡Qi Drcv`bkxjZv kZKiv 50

fvM e„w× cv‡e

• 10 j¶ (1 wgwjqb) ¶z`ª I cÖvwšÍK Pvwl KZ©…K evRviRvZ gvQ I gvQRvZ Drcv‡ì g~j¨ e„w× cv‡e

• m¤cÖmviY †mevi gvb I `¶Zv e„w×, cÖvwß wbwðZ I †UKmB n‡e

• gvQ I gvQRvZ Lv`¨mn cywómg„× Lv`¨ LvIqv (consumption) e„w×i gva¨‡g 20 j¶ bvix I †QvU

wkï‡ì g‡a¨ gvQ Ges gvQRvZ Lv`¨mn Ab¨vb¨ cywóKi Lvevi LvIqvi nvi e„w× cv‡e|

• gvQ Drcv`b I f¨vjy †PBb wn‡m‡e wb‡qvwRZ nevi gva¨‡g 10 j¶ bvixi ¶gZvqb NU‡e|

cÖKí GjvKvi weeiY:

e„nËi ivRkvnx I iscyi wefvM|

65


cÖK‡íi cvU©bvi:

¯’vbxq I RvZxq miKvi, ¯’vbxq †mev`vbKvix Ges ¯^wbf©i MÖæc, GbwRI (wUGgGgGg, eª¨vK) Ges cÖvB‡fU †m±i

mykxj mgvR I Dbœqb wewb‡qvMKvix G cÖK‡íi cvU©bvi| ¯§j‡nvìvi Pvwl cwievi AvBwWqv cÖK‡íi j¶¨ n‡”Q

evsjv‡`‡ki ¯§j‡nvìvi grm¨ Pvwl cwiev‡ii mv‡_ KvR Kiv| cÖK‡íi msÁvbyhvqx Ô¯§j†nvìviÕ grm¨ Pvwl cwievi

ej‡Z eySvq, Ôhw` †Kvb cwiev‡ii me©vwaK 2 (`yB) †n±i Pvl‡hvM¨ Rwg (cyKzimn) †_‡K _v‡K A_ev hw` †n±i

cÖwZ gv‡Qi Drcv`b 4 †gwUªKUb Gi Kg nq A_ev hw` wbR¯^ Drcv`‡bi Kgc‡¶ 50% fvM gvQ cwiev‡ii Lvevi

Rb¨ eënvi Kiv nqÕ|

†Kvb Pvwl cwievi D‡jøwLZ wZbwU k‡Z©i †h‡Kvb GKwU c~iY Ki‡jB Zv‡K ¯§j‡nvìvi wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kiv n‡e|

wbR¯^ gvwjKvbvaxb I BRvivK…Z Dfq cÖKvi Rwg ev RjvqZbB cvwievwiK Rwg e‡j MY¨ Kiv n‡e|

jw¶Z Pvwli eqm 18 eQ‡ii †ewk Ges kvixwiK I gvbwmKfv‡e my¯’ n‡Z n‡e| cyKz‡i grm¨ Pvl ev grm¨ Pvl

m¤úwK©Z Ab¨vb¨ Kvh©µ‡gi mv‡_ Aek¨B RwoZ _vK‡Z n‡e| †hgb - avb‡ÿ‡Z gvQPvl, bvm©vwi cwiPvjbvKvix,

†cvbv gRy`Kvix (Pv‡ci †cvbv Pvl/cwiPh©vKvix) BZ¨vw`|

KwgDwbwU ¯^v¯’¨Kg©x (H&N worker):

gvV ch©v‡q 1 Rb Pvwli Rb¨ 1 Rb Kg©x wb‡qvwRZ _vK‡e, hv wbf©i Ki‡e ev¯ÍevqbKvix ms¯’vi Dci| Gme

¯^v¯’¨Kg©xMY Pvwl MÖæc‡K Gmwewmwm G†cÖv‡Pi gva¨‡g wKfv‡e cywó welqK civgk© cÖ`vb Kiv hvq †m wel‡q cÖwk¶Y

cv‡e| cÖKí †gqv` †k‡l G Kvh©µgwU wKfv‡e ¯’vwqZ¡Zv cv‡e †m wel‡q cÖ‡qvRbxq c`‡¶c wb‡Z n‡e| GRb¨

¯’vbxq †¯^”Qv‡meK ˆZwii welqwU ¸iæZ¡ †`qv n‡”Q| †hLv‡b cywówelqK civgk© cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ GKRb gyL¨ f‚wgKv

cvjb Ki‡e whwb wWwRUvj A¨vc eënv‡ii wel‡q Ab¨vb¨‡ì cÖwk¶Y cÖ`vb Ki‡e| Gi gva¨‡g MÖvgch©v‡q wWwRUvj

A¨vc eënv‡ii cÖwµqvwU wbwðZ n‡e|

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cywókg©x cÖwkÿy mnvwqkv...n‡z cv‡i • acywó‡z avµvšÍ wkï‡`i cªwz ¸iæz¡...

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