Cycles of MatterCycles of Matter

Water CycleWater Cycle Water moves between the Earth’s surface and Water moves between the Earth’s surface and

the atmosphere the atmosphere The sun provides the energy to drive the cycleThe sun provides the energy to drive the cycle EvaporationEvaporation – water changes from a liquid to – water changes from a liquid to

a gasa gas PrecipitationPrecipitation – water vapor cools and falls to – water vapor cools and falls to

Earth as rain, sleet, or snowEarth as rain, sleet, or snow GroundwaterGroundwater – layer of water underground – layer of water underground

Water CycleWater Cycle Living organisms move water about…Living organisms move water about…

Carried within bodies (by drinking it or extracting Carried within bodies (by drinking it or extracting it from food)it from food)

During respiration, water is excretedDuring respiration, water is excreted Water also evaporates from the skin as sweatWater also evaporates from the skin as sweat Plant roots collect water from the soilPlant roots collect water from the soil

Some is used for photosynthesisSome is used for photosynthesis Some is evaporated or transpired from the leavesSome is evaporated or transpired from the leaves

Water CycleWater Cycle What are the 3 phases of water?What are the 3 phases of water?

SolidSolid Ex. Glaciers, ice on the surface of a lake or pondEx. Glaciers, ice on the surface of a lake or pond

LiquidLiquid Ex. oceans, rivers, streams, lakesEx. oceans, rivers, streams, lakes

GasGas Ex. Water vaporEx. Water vapor Water vapor cannot be seen, but we know that fog and Water vapor cannot be seen, but we know that fog and

clouds contain itclouds contain it

Water CycleWater Cycle

Carbon CycleCarbon Cycle Carbon is an essential part of proteins, lipids, Carbon is an essential part of proteins, lipids,

carbohydrates, and nucleic acids needed for lifecarbohydrates, and nucleic acids needed for life Producers take COProducers take CO22 from the atmosphere to undergo from the atmosphere to undergo

photosynthesisphotosynthesis Consumers eat the producers to obtain carbonConsumers eat the producers to obtain carbon COCO22 is released back to the atmosphere during is released back to the atmosphere during

cellular respirationcellular respiration Fossil fuels store carbon that is then released when Fossil fuels store carbon that is then released when

they are burnedthey are burned

Carbon CycleCarbon Cycle Four main reservoirs of carbon:Four main reservoirs of carbon:

AtmosphereAtmosphere Carbon dioxide, carbon monoxideCarbon dioxide, carbon monoxide

Terrestrial BiosphereTerrestrial Biosphere Includes freshwater, soilIncludes freshwater, soil

OceansOceans Dissolved carbon, living organisms in the oceanDissolved carbon, living organisms in the ocean

SedimentsSediments Fossil fuelsFossil fuels

Carbon CycleCarbon Cycle Four processes involved in the carbon cycle:Four processes involved in the carbon cycle:

Biological processes – photosynthesis, respiration Biological processes – photosynthesis, respiration & decomposition& decomposition

Geochemical processes – release of carbon dioxide Geochemical processes – release of carbon dioxide gas into the atmosphere by volcanoesgas into the atmosphere by volcanoes

Mixed biogeochemical processes – burial of Mixed biogeochemical processes – burial of carbon-rich organisms and their conversion to carbon-rich organisms and their conversion to fossil fuelsfossil fuels

Human activity – mining, burning of fossil fuelsHuman activity – mining, burning of fossil fuels

Carbon CycleCarbon Cycle

Nitrogen CycleNitrogen Cycle All organisms need nitrogen to build All organisms need nitrogen to build

proteinsproteins Nitrogen gas makes up 78% of the Nitrogen gas makes up 78% of the

atmosphereatmosphere Nitrogen-fixing bacteriaNitrogen-fixing bacteria – Convert – Convert

nitrogen from the air into ammonia nitrogen from the air into ammonia ((nitrogen fixationnitrogen fixation))

Nitrogen CycleNitrogen Cycle Ammonia is converted into nitrates and Ammonia is converted into nitrates and

nitrites, which plants and other producers nitrites, which plants and other producers can use (can use (nitrificationnitrification))

Bacteria convert nitrogen in the soil into Bacteria convert nitrogen in the soil into atmospheric nitrogen (atmospheric nitrogen (denitrificationdenitrification))

Decomposers return nitrogen to the soilDecomposers return nitrogen to the soil

Nitrogen CycleNitrogen Cycle