moswavlis saxelmZRvanelo

pirveli da meore nawilebi

maswavleblis saxelmZRvanelo

moswavlis saxelmZRvanelobunebismetyvelebaSi

Cveni garemolia SalvaSvili, manana maWavariani

Cveni garemolia SalvaSvili, manana maWavariani

maswavleblissaxelmZRvanelobunebismetyvelebaSi

moswavlis saxelmZRvanelobunebismetyvelebaSimeore nawili

Cveni garemolia SalvaSvili, manana maWavariani

dafinansebulia „moswavleebis saxelmZRvaneloebiT uzrunvelyofis programis“ farglebSi

ISBN 978-9941-428-68-5

Cveni garemo 3lia SalvaSvili

manana maWavariani

moswavlis saxelmZRvanelobunebismetyvelebaSi

meore nawili

SemecnebaTbilisi • 2018

grifminiWebulia saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros mier 2018 wels

Cveni garemo 3moswavlis saxelmZRvanelo bunebismetyvelebaSimeore nawili

avtori:lia SalvaSvili (jgufis xelmZRvaneli) _ pedagogi, bio-geografi, geograf. mecnierebaTa doqtori, iakob gogebaSvilis premiis laureati

manana maWavariani _ fizikosi

redaqtori _ givi bojgua _ filologi

dizaineri da damkabadonebeli _ manana maWavarianimxatvroba da kompiuteruli grafika _ ilia WrelaSvilisfotoebi _ akaki muSkiaSvilisgarekanis dizaini _ nato yubaneiSvilis

yvela ufleba daculia.am saxelmZRvanelos arc erTi nawili, aranairi formiTa da saSualebiT, iqneba es eleqtronuli Tu meqanikuri, ar SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes gamomcemlis werilobiTi nebarTvis gareSe.saavtoro uflebebis darRveva isjeba kanoniT.

grifminiWebulia saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros mier 2018 wels

ISBN 978-9941-428-68-5

© gamomcemloba `Semecneba~, 2018© l. SalvaSvili, m. maWavariani, 2018 Tbilisi, antonovskaias 9b

telefoni 995 32 260 23 15; 995 599 55 05 54 elfosta: info@shemetsneba.ge vebgverdi: www.shemetsneba.ge

mesame gamocema, 2018

CHVENI GAREMO (OUR NATURE) 3Student’S textbook in natural Science • Part ii

Author Lia Shalvashvili, Manana MachavarianiRedactor Givi Bojgua

All rights reserved

© Publishing House SHEMETSNEBA, 2018© L. Shalvashvili, M. Machavariani, 2018 9b Antonovskaya Street., Tbilisi, Georgia Phone 995 32 260 23 15; 995 599 55 05 54 E-mail: info@shemetsneba.ge www.shemetsneba.ge

24

Cveni garemo 3

11. siTbos gadacema

I. praqtikuli samuSao _ `siTbo~.

saWiro masala: buki; cxeli wyliT savse ori minis Wiqa, minis Tavsaxurebi, asanTis carieli kolofi da carieli minis qila, wylis Termometri.

1. CarTe buki.2. bukis samuSao magidaze (Desktop) Sen xedav patara naxatebs _

piqtogramebs. qveS gakeTebuli aqvT warwerebi.3. daakvirdi piqtogramebs da moZebne iseTi, romelsac qvemoT

aqvs warwera _ siTbo.rtf.

4. miiyvane mausis (an TaCpedis) mimTiTebeli (kursori) am piqto-gramasTan da orjer daawkapune.

5. daakvirdi, ra Seicvala? _ ekranze gaixsna axali fanjara. axla Sen SegiZlia Seasrulo davaleba.

bolos ar dagaviwydes Seni namuSevris Senaxva.

25

siTbo

praqtikuli samuSaos Sedegad Sen darwmundi, rom minis qilaSi arsebul haers gadaeca cxeli wylis siTbo.

rogor fiqrob, ratom? _ Wiqas mina exura, Tbili haeri darCa minis WurWelSi da WiqaSi ar-sebuli cxeli wylis mier gadacemuli siTbo ga-reT ar gauSva.

aseve gaTba asanTis cariel kolofSi arse-buli haeri, romelmac ar misca wyals gaciebis saSualeba.

SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom Tbil sxeuls ha-eri unarCunebs siTbos.

II. fanjrebs ormag minebs ukeTeben. minebs Soris yovelTvis toveben sivrces.

rogor fiqrob, ratom?

rogor fiqrob, ra `exmareba~ Cven sxeuls siTbos SenarCunebaSi.

saxelmZRvanelosgamoyenebis instruqcia

gakveTilisnomeri

da saTaurigakveTilis

ZiriTadi teqsti

logo, romelic Segaxsenebs,

rom es davaleba kompiuterisgamoyenebiTsruldeba

gverdisnomerirubrika `davaleba~,

romelic masalisSejamebisa da codnis

ganmtkicebis mizniT aris warmodgenili

savarjiSo, romelicsaswavlo miznis

miRwevas emsaxureba

ilustracia, romelicgexmareba

savarjiSos SesrulebaSi

sarCevi

meore nawili

cxovelTa samyaro

45-46. cxovelTa samyaro ......................................................6

ZuZumwovari cxovelebi

47-48. ZuZumwovari cxovelebi ........................................... 15

49. cxovelTa saarsebo garemo........................................... 19

50-51. xmeleTis cxovelebi ................................................. 20

52. wylis cxovelebi ............................................................ 25

54. cxovelTa qceva ............................................................. 27

55. sicocxle udabnoSi ....................................................... 30

57. sicocxle yinulebSi ..................................................... 33

59. saqarTvelos fauna ........................................................ 37

rubrikebis pirobiTi niSnebi

daakvirdi moifiqre

Caatare cda gamoiyene buki

66

Cveni garemo 3

45-46. cxovelTa samyaro

7

cxovelTa samyaro

I. daakvirdi suraTs. aRwere, ra aris masze gamosaxuli.

88

Cveni garemo 3

Sen ukve ici, rom dedamiwaze mravalnairi cxoveli binad robs. cxovelebi erTmaneTisagan gansxvavdebian sxe-ulis agebulebiTa da cxovrebis wesiT. yvela cxoveli mcenareebiT an sxva cxovelebiT ikvebeba.

mkvlevarebi saerTo niSnebis mqone cxovelebs erT did jgufSi aerTianeben. am jgufSi Semavali cxovelebi erT-maneTisagan sxvadasxva niSniT mainc gansxvavdebian. amitom maT kidev ufro mcire jgufebad yofen.

ZaRli kata

magaliTad, Cven advilad varCevT erTmaneTisagan ZaRls, mgels, turas, katas, vefxvs, cxens, irems...

am cxovelebidan mgeli da tura Zalian hgvanan erT-maneTs, magram maT Soris SesamCnevi gansxvavebacaa. mgeli gacilebiT didia turaze. isini cxovrebis niriTac gan-sxvavdebian. magaliTad, tura binadrobs xSir lerwmian da buCqnar adgilebSi mdinareTa axlos, agreTve, Walis ty-eebSi. maRal mTebs gaurbis da etaneba soflebis Semoga-rens. mgeli ki binadrobs rogorc tyian adgilebSi, ise velebsa da udabnoebSi, maRal mTebzec adis.

rogorc vxedavT, miuxedavad garkveuli msgavsebisa, mgeli da tura mainc gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisagan. ami-tom mkvlevarebi Tvlian, rom mgeli da tura sxvadasxva saxeobas warmoadgenen.

9

cxovelTa samyaro

mgeli tura

amJamad dedamiwaze Zalian bevri saxeobis cxoveli bi-nadrobs. isini sxvadasxvagvarni arian garegnuli formiT, zomiT, Sinagani agebulebiT, cxovrebis niriTa da qceviT.

dedamiwis cxel, tenian adgilas izrdeba xSiri maradmwvane tye. aq bevri cxoveli binadrobs. maT Soris aris TuTiyu-Si. xSir tyeSi frena Znelia, amitom TuTiyuSebi umetesad totidan totze gadaskupdebian xolme.

1010

Cveni garemo 3

mdinaris an tbis napiras grZelfexa da grZelni-skarta frinveli _ yanCa binadrobs. Cauyvia Tavi `mxrebSi~ da dgas gaun-Zrevlad, rom ar daafrTxos moaxloebuli msxverpli. ucbad Cahkravs niskarts wyalSi da Tevzs an bayays amoiyvans. yanCa xvliks, Tagvs da sxva patara cxovelebsac Wams.

pingvini frinvelia, magram mas frena ar SeuZlia. pingvini araCveulebrivi mocuravea. Tavis mokle frTebs curvisas farflebiviT iyenebs. xmeleTze ki or fexze dabajbajebs an mokle naxtomebiT gadaadgildeba xolme.

11

cxovelTa samyaro

mtknari da mlaSe wylebis yvelaze gavrcelebuli binadar-ni Tevzebia. maT umravlesobas Sebrtyelebuli, qercliT dafaruli sxeuli aqvs, rac wyalSi moZraobas uadvilebs.

nemsiylapia mweria. igi Tbil da nestian adgilebSi binad-robs. nemsiylapia spobs buzs, koRos. igi mTeli zafxulis ganmavlobaSi gamalebuli dafrinavs da Tavis msxverpls dasdevs. Semdeg wyalSi an wylis mcenareze kvercxebs dadebs da zamTris pirze kvdeba.

1212

Cveni garemo 3

es tbis bayayia. igi saqar-TveloSic gvxvdeba. mTel cxovrebas atarebs wyalSi an wylis maxloblad. ikve-beba umTavresad mwerebiT, zogjer ki patar-patara frinvelebis bartyebiT.

kavkasiuri salamandas sxeu-lis sigrZe 19 sm aRwevs. aqedan naxevarze meti kudze modis. zurgze koplebi aqvs. cxovrobs tyis mdinareebsa da nakadulebSi. ikvebeba ZiriTadad mwerebiT da maTi matlebiT.

es Waobis kua. mas sxeuli moqceuli aqvs Zvlovan javSanSi. JavSani dafaruli aqvs rqovani firfitebiT. kbilebi ara aqvs, xolo kiseri _ moZravi. Waobis ku gvxvdeba saqarTvelos wyalsatevebSi. sainteresoa, rom kuebi didxans cocxloben. zogierTi maTgani 200 wels da mets Zlebs.

13

cxovelTa samyaro

niangi qvewarmavalia. misi sigrZe 2-5 metrs, xolo iSvi-aTad 7 metrs aRwevs. aqvs grZeli, gverdebidan Sebrtye-lebuli kudi, wagrZelebuli dingi, mokle fexebi. nestoebi da Tvalebi zemoT aqvs aweuli, rac saSualebas aZlevs wylidan mxolod Tvalebi da nestoebi amoyos. aqtiuri aris RamiT. ikvebeba TevzebiT da wylis sxva cxovelebiT. cocxlobs 100 wlamde.

14

Cveni garemo 3

I. gaixsene cxovelTa jgufebi. II. daasaxele SenTvis nacnobi cxovelebi sxvadasxva

jgufidan.

nimuSi

#cxovelis

saxeli

cxovelTa romel

jgufs mie­kuTvneba?

sad binadrobs?

riTi ikvebeba?

rogoria sxeulis

agebu leba?

riTi aris dafaruli

misi sxe uli?

1 kobri Tevzebs wyalSi wylis mcena-reebiT,

matlebiT, WiebiT

Tavi, tani, kudi da

farflebi

qercliT

2 mgeli nadirebs tyeSi, velebsa da mTian

adgilebSi

sxva cxovele-

biT

Tavi, tani, kidurebi,

kudi

balniT

III. bukis gamoyenebiT Seavse cxrili _ `cxovelTa samyaro~.

a. CarTe buki. b. moZebne da gaxseni fanjara

cxovelTa-samyaro.rtf. g. axla Sen SegiZlia Seasrulo davaleba.

1. ufrosebis daxmarebiT daadgine, ra da ra saxeobis cxovelebi binadroben Seni soflis SemogarenSi.

2. Seadare erTmaneTs romelime ori maTgani.

15

ZuZumwovari cxovelebi

47-48. ZuZumwovari cxovelebi

Sen ukve ici, rom zogierTi cxovelis sxeuli da-farulia balniT. es cxovelebi cocxlad Soben da rZiT kvebaven TavianT naSierebs, amitom maT ZuZumwovrebs uwodeben.

albaT gaxsovs, rom ZuZumwovrebis naSierebs sxvada-sxva saxeli aqvT. am cxovelTa naSierebi zrdasrul cxove-lebs _ mSoblebs sxeulis nawilebiTa da formiT hgvanan da gansxvavdebian zomiTa da feriT.

I. daakvirdi fotoebs. gaixsene, riT aris dafaruli daTvis, vefxvis,

meliis sxeuli? riTi hgvanan am cxovelTa naSierebi mSoblebs da

riTi gansxvavdebian maTgan?

16

Cveni garemo 3

Sua zamTarSi daTvis bunagSi belebi ibadebian. Tavda-pirvelad isini patarebi da umweoebi arian. gazafxulze `daTuniebi~ dedasTan erTad iwyeben seirnobas. deda maT mtrebisgan icavs da sakvebis damoukideblad mopovebas aswavlis.

ZuZumwovarTa umravlesoba Tavis naSiers gazafxulze Sobs. meliis naSierni soroSi cxovroben; ciyvisa _ xeze, fuRurosa an budeSi; kurdRlis baWiebi _ buCqis qveS. meliebi da ciyvebi TvaldaxuWulni, sruliad umweoebi ibadebian. samagierod, baWiebi pirveli dRidanve kargad xedaven da siarulsac iwyeben.

mSoblebi mzrunvelobas ar akleben Svilebs.

cxeni cocxlad Sobs da rZiT kvebavs Tavis naSiers. cxenis naSieri dedis mucelSi viTardeba. 11 Tvisa ki kvicad Camoyalibdeba da ibadeba. axaldabadebuli kvici dedas dasdevs da gverdidan ar scildeba.

17

ZuZumwovari cxovelebi

II. gazafxulze nadiroba akrZalulia. rogor fiqrob, ratom?

am fotoebze 3 dRis win dabadebuli kvici da 4 wlis bavSvia gamosaxuli.

es fuRua _ yvelaze patara ZuZumwovari cxoveli. misi sxeulis sigrZe 45 mm, kudisa — 31 mm, masa — 1,5 g

aRwevs. fuRu mwerebiT ikvebeba. saqarTveloSi gvxvdeba mxolod Tbilisis midamoebSi. Setanilia saqarTvelos „wiTel wignSi“.