CVE 1000

Construction EngineeringThe Project Delivery SystemProf. Ralph V. Locurcio, PE

Why we are “civil” engineers…

The definition of “civil” of or relating to citizens as individuals; a condition of social order; adherence to social systems and

consideration for others

Why we are “civil” engineers…

The definition of engineers Engineering is the application of science

to the needs of humanity. This is accomplished through knowledge, mathematics, and practical experience applied to the design of useful objects or processes.

Why we are “civil” engineers!!

We build “civility” into daily life Water & Sanitary systems - keep us healthy Housing – keeps us warm & safe Transportation systems – help us travel Factories – build the stuff we need & want Office buildings – give us a place to work Schools – a place to prepare our children Energy systems – keep it all running

Recent memorable examples

Reconstruction of the World Trade Center

Reconstruction of New Orleans after hurricane Katrina

Class Problem… The time is 2000BC in Egypt The pharaoh has appointed you PM to

construct his burial pyramid He wants to know…

What tasks are necessary? What is the sequencing of tasks? How long will it take? How many people will you need? What will it cost?

Pyramid Construction…

Time2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

General Design

Planning Preparation Construct Core

Trim Exterior

Demobilize

Interior Design Room Const Interior Finishes

Bury Pharoah

Structure

Site Selection

Master Plan

Open Quarry Cut Blocks Cut Trim

Workforce

Train Train Train

Build Camp

DemobCamp

FinalInsp

Design Process

Construction Process

Programming Process

Project Delivery Process…

Need for a projectIs recognized

Owner appointsProject Manager

Project Manager develops project

program: scope & cost parameters

Project is entered into an annual

capital program

Designer prepares concept design & preliminary cost

estimate

Designer completes plans &

specifications

Owner orders bid documents

Project Manager advertises for

construction bids

Contractors assemble team,

prepare & submit bid

Bids reviewed by owner

(with designer)

Builder’s credentials &

bonding approved

Owner approves program

Project Manager advertises for

designer

Owner hires designer

Owner authorizes final

design

Owner selectsbuilder

Notice to Proceed

Constructionbegins

Resident Engineeroversees

construction

Project phase(s)completed

All work completed final inspection

made

Progresspayment

Final paymentOwner accepts

facility

Programming Process…

Owner approves program

Need for project is

recognized

Owner appoints project

manager

PM develops scope & cost parameters

Project entered into

annual program

Project funding

provided

To Design Process

Design Process…

Owner hires

designer

PM advertises for

design

Designer prepares concept &

cost

PM develops scope & cost parameters

Designer prepares plans &

speifications

Project funding provided

To Construction

Process

Owner orders const

docs

Designer prepares

const cost estimate

Owner authorizes

final

Construction Process-1…

Owner selects builder

PM advertises for builder

Bids opened, reviewed

(w/designer)

Builder’s credentials

checked

Awardmade

Notice To

ProceedConstruction

Begins

Const contract signed

Builders assemble

teams & prep bids

4

1 2

3

5

Construction Process-2…

Progress payments

made

Resident Engineer appointed

Project phase(s)

completed

Work accepted

All project phases

completed

Owner accepts & occupies

ProjectCompleted

Final payment

made

Builder & subcontractors

mobilize

Finalinspection

Project Organization…Owner

Quality Control

Superintendent Project Engineer

Project Engineer

Contractor

Project Manager, Construction Manager

and/orContracting Officer

Subcontractor

Subcontractor

Subcontractor

Subcontractor

Subcontractor

Design Manager

ProjectArchitect

StructuralEngineer

CivilEngineer

MechEngineer

ElectricalEngineer

A

B

C

Quality Assure

OfficeEngineer

TechnicalInspectors

A/E Const Staff

Resident Engineer

UsingAgency

Project Organization-designOwner

ProjectArchitect

StructuralEngineer

CivilEngineer

MechanicalEngineer

Design Manager

Corporate Management

Project Manager, Construction Manager

and/orContracting Officer

ConstructionContract

UsingAgency

ElectricalEngineer

Design Staff Design Staff Design Staff Design Staff Design Staff

Consultant A Consultant B Consultant C

Project Organization-const mgt…

Owner

Quality Assurance

OfficeEngineer

TechnicalInspectors

A/E Const Staff

ResidentEngineer

Corporate Management

Corporate staff

Field site

FoundationElectrical

Mechanical

Shop DrawingsRFI controlMaterialsSamples

SchedulesPayments

RFI responsesClarification of drawings

Monitor compliance

Monitor QC processPrepare QA reports

Monitor corrective actionsDocument QA/QC

Project Manager, Construction Manager

and/orContracting Officer

ConstructionContract

Responsibility

Project Organization-const opnsOwner

Quality Control

Superintendent Project Engineer

Project Engineer

Contractor

Corporate Management

Corporate staff

Field site

Interpret Drawings & SpecsShop Drawings

RFI controlMaterialsSamples

Construction operationsCoordination of trades

SchedulesPayments

Safety-OSHAChanges

RFI responsesClarification of drawings

Monitor compliance

Monitor QC processPrepare QC reportsMake inspections

Take corrective actionDocument QC checks

Construction Managerand/or

Contracting Officer

ConstructionContract

Subcontractor A Subcontractor B Subcontractor C Subcontractor D Subcontractor E

Sub-contracts

Project Organization…Owner

Quality Control

Superintendent Project Engineer

Project Engineer

Contractor

Project Manager, Construction Manager

and/orContracting Officer

Subcontractor

Subcontractor

Subcontractor

Subcontractor

Subcontractor

Design Manager

ProjectArchitect

StructuralEngineer

CivilEngineer

MechEngineer

ElectricalEngineer

A

B

C

Quality Assure

OfficeEngineer

TechnicalInspectors

A/E Const Staff

Resident Engineer

UsingAgency

Participants & Responsibilities…

The Owner The Designer The Builder The Project Manager (PM) The Construction Manager (CM)

Class exercise: define responsibilities

The Owner… Pays for the project Accepts the project on completion Sets criteria for design Sets cost parameters Establishes time line for completion Determines contract type Hires the designer & builder Appoints the construction manager Makes decisions when needed

The Designer… Oversees planning & advises owner Evaluates siting options Develops concept design Prepares contract plans Prepares contract specifications Prepares cost estimates Prepares bid package Assists in selection of builder Assists during construction

The Builder or Contractor… Prepares and submits bid documents Organizes project team Hires & pays subcontractors Obtains permits and licenses Mobilizes contract work force on NTP Builds IAW plans & specifications Controls quality & cost Manages construction site & safety Turns over completed project on time

The Project Manager (PM) Represents the Owner in all matters Serves as technical assistant to owner Controls project budget, schedule, quality & timing Makes recommendations on budget, schedule,

changes, & quality changes Makes recommendations on payments Recommends acceptance of project

Construction Manager (CM)… Represents the contractor in all matters Oversees construction operations Monitors schedule & costs Provides interface with client operations Follows all contract provisions Makes recommendations on changes or claims Submits progress payments Responsible for quality control Ensures all work is completed

Construction Scheduling…

Common methods:1. Bar Charts2. Velocity Charts3. Line-of-Balance Charts 4. Network Diagrams: CPM/PERT

Bar Chart Schedule…

Task Month 1 Month 2 Month 3 Month 4 Month 5 Month 6 Month 7 Month 8 Month 9

Excavate xxxxxFoundation xxx xxxxx

Slab xxxxxStructure xxxxxxx

Roof xxxxxx Walls xxxxxxxxxxDoors xxxx

Windows xx xx xx xxInterior Walls xxxxxxxxx

Ceilings xxxxxxxxPaint xxxxx

Floor Tile xxxxxxPlumbing xxx xxx xxxx

Mechanical xxx xxxx xxxElectrical xxx xxxx xxxFurniture xxxxx

Punch List xxClose out xxxx

Simple Bar Chart Schedule

Velocity Chart…or S-curve

Excav Found Slab Struct Walls Roof Partitions Ceilings Paint CleanSchedule 100 225 275 575 975 1275 1725 1850 1950 2000Cum Hrs 88 218 268 568 768 993 1493 1493 1493 1493Plan Hrs 100 125 50 300 400 300 450 125 100 50Act Hrs 88 130 50 300 200 225 500

Simple Velocity Chart

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

Excav

Found

Slab

Struct

Wall

sRoo

f

Partiti

ons

Ceilin

gsPain

t

Clean

Schedule

Cum Hours

Plan Hours

Act Hours

Line-of-Balance Chart

Characteristics of methods… Bar Charts

Simple & easy to read Based on contractor field experience Do not show interdependencies Do not show critical path

S-Curves Good for showing progress Do not show interdependencies Do not show critical path

Line-of-Balance Show interdependencies May show progress Do not show critical path

CPM/PERT Chart…

Management of Quality…

Definition of Quality Control Definition of Quality Assurance Designer’s responsibility Contractor’s responsibility

Total QualityManagement

Savings from quality

Quality Control Process… Must have a Quality Control Plan… an inspection"

system” Special considerations:

Timing of inspections; preclude delays Protection of work in place Most work is irreversible; i.e.. concrete, foundations Logistical sequencing Follow plans & specifications; changes not authorized Report and correct errors & deviations from spec;

documents Three phased inspections system

Preparatory inspection Pre-inspection Final inspection

QC Staff must be qualified, trained & dedicated

Inspection & Testing Manual… Detailed inspection procedures:

Preparatory inspection: work flow, submittals, methods Initial inspection: workmanship & components Follow-up: results of work, tests, appearance

Acceptance/rejection criteria Testing requirements & frequency Responsibilities for testing Approval of outside labs & testing agencies Timing of inspections & work Reports required, frequency & format Documentation of test results

Inspection Process (text p304)…Inspecton

Work & Materials

Visual Or

Lab Test

Lab TestVisual Test

Compare w Plans & Specifications

Samples to lab

Lab Results

Conform? Test OK?Yes

No

Issue Non-Comp

Defective Mat Report

No Payment till corrected

Follow-upRecord in log

Reinspect When Corrected

No

Issue Non-Comp

Defective Mat Report

No Payment till corrected

Follow-upRecord in log

Resample When Corrected

Make FinalInspection

Work AcceptedPayment Authorized

Submittal Process…Inspecton

Work & Materials

Visual Or

Lab Test

Lab TestVisual Test

Compare w Plans & Specifications

Samples to lab

Lab Results

Conform? Test OK?Yes

No

Issue Non-Comp

Defective Mat Report

No Payment till corrected

Follow-upRecord in log

Reinspect When Corrected

No

Issue Non-Comp

Defective Mat Report

No Payment till corrected

Follow-upRecord in log

Resample When Corrected

Make FinalInspection

Work AcceptedPayment Authorized

Shop Drawing?

AE Review

Civil Engineering Jobs…

Design – specific discipline Construction Facilities Engineering Project Management Construction Management Public agency Private firm