CURRICULUM VITAE Robert J. Linhardt

EDUCATION Institution and Location Degree Year Conferred Field of Study Marquette University B.S. 1975 Chemistry The Johns Hopkins University M.A., Ph.D. 1977, 1979 Organic Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology Postdoctoral 1979-1982 Biochemical Engineering RESEARCH AND PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE 9/03- Ann and John H. Broadbent Senior Constellation Chair in Biocatalysis and Metabolic Engineering, Professor of

Chemistry, Biology, Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI)

7/06-8/08 Acting Director, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute 7/05- Adjunct Professor of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy, Albany, NY 7/99-8/03 F. Wendell Miller Distinguished Professor of Chemistry 5/96-8/03 F. Wendell Miller Distinguished Professor of Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry and Professor of Chemical and

Biochemical Engineering 5/90-8/03 Professor of Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry 1/92-9/92 Visiting Professor, University of California, San Diego, Cancer Center and the La Jolla Cancer Research Foundation 7/86-4/90 Associate Professor of Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry 7/82-6/86 Assistant Professor of Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa (UI) 1/81- Industrial Consultant in the area of biocatalysis, biopolymers, carbohydrate chemistry and drug delivery 6/79-6/82 Research Associate, Biochemical Engineering, Department of Applied Biological Sciences and Harvard-MIT Joint

Program in Biomedical Research at the Whitaker College of Health Sciences and Technology, MIT 9/75-5/79 Research/Teaching Assistant, Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES

American Chemical Society, Divisions of Medicinal Chemistry, Biotechnology and Carbohydrate Chemistry; American Association for the Advancement of Science – AAAS Fellow; Society for Glycobiology; American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy; American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists; American Society of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; American Society for Matrix Biology

NATIONAL APPOINTMENTS Editorial Boards: The Journal of Biological Chemistry 1995-2000, 2005-; Journal of Carbohydrate Chemistry 1995-

; Analytical Biochemistry 1991-1997, 2001-; Carbohydrate Research 1990-2002; Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 1985-; Current Organic Synthesis (regional editor) 2002-; Mini Reviews in Organic Chemistry (regional editor) 2002-, Glycobiology 2006-, Nanotechnology, Science and Applications 2007-, Biochemistry Research International, 2007-, Open Glycoscience (editor-in-chief), 2007-2010, Organic Synthesis, 2008-, Cell Health and Cytoskeleton, 2008-, International Journal of Carbohydrate Chemistry 2008-, Molecules 2009-, Polymers 2009-; American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2010-;. 2012 Chair–Proteoglycans Gordon Conference; National Institutes of Health, Pharmacology Special Study Section, 1988, Bioorganic and Natural Products Study Section ad hoc member 2003, Thrombosis and Hemostasis Study Section ad hoc member 2004, Synthetic and Biological Chemistry A Study Section ad hoc member 2006, and Synthetic and Biological Chemistry B, Biological Chemistry and Macromolecular Biophysics ad hoc member 2009. FDA Adverse Reactions Working Group, 2008, USP Advisory Committee on Heparin, 2008-2009, Presidents Council on Competitiveness (National Initiative on Innovation, Skills subcommittee member) 2004. National Academy of Sciences Interacademy Exchange Scientist to Russia and the Ukraine, 1987.

ACADEMIC HONORS 2010 Melville L. Wolfrom Award from the American Chemical Society, Division of Carbohydrate Chemistry for outstanding service to the Carbohydrate Division and to the field of carbohydrate chemistry 2010 Elected to the rank of American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) Fellow 2010 USP Award for an Innovative Response to a Public Health Challenge 2009 Scientific American 10 - Recognized for contributions to American science and technology 2006 Gisvold Award in Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry from the University of Minnesota 2003 RPI Ann and John H. Broadbent Senior Constellation Chair in Biocatalysis and Metabolic Engineering awarded 2003 American Chemical Society Claude S. Hudson Award in Carbohydrate Chemistry 1999 Volwiler Research Achievement Award sponsored by Abbott, awarded by the AACP 1996 University of Iowa F. Wendell Miller Distinguished Professorship Awarded 1994 Horace S. Isbell Award from the American Chemical Society, Division of Carbohydrate Chemistry - Given for excellence of contributions to carbohydrate chemistry and continuing promise of quality contributions. 1992 Iowa Regents Award for Faculty Excellence - Awarded for a sustained record of excellence across the spectrum of

faculty endeavors. 1989 University of Iowa Excellence in Teaching Award 1981 MIT/Johnson & Johnson Postdoctoral Fellow - A competitive award given for exceptional biomedical research. 1979 The Johns Hopkins University/Ernst M. Marks Award - Presented for excellence in teaching and research in organic

chemistry.

PUBLICATIONS 1. "Mechanism of Decomposition for Diacyl Peroxides and Related Carboxy Inversion Compounds in Aqueous Acetone," R.J.

Linhardt and B.L. Murr, Tetrahedron Letters, 12, 1007-1010, 1979. 2. "The Mechanism of Diacyl Peroxide Decomposition," R.J. Linhardt, Ph.D. Dissertation, The Johns Hopkins University,

1979. 3. "Heparinase Production by Flavobacterium heparinum," P.M. Galliher, C.L. Cooney, R. Langer and R.J. Linhardt, Applied

and Environmental Microbiology, 41, 360-365, 1981. 4. "Blood Deheparinization Using Immobilized Microbial Heparinase," R.J. Linhardt, R. Langer, C.L. Cooney, P.M. Galliher,

M.M. Flanagan, S.M. Hoffberg, Proceedings of the Second World Congress of Chemical Engineering, Montreal, Canada, Vol. I, pp. 182-186, 1981.

5. "Mechanism for Diacyl Peroxide Decomposition," R.J. Linhardt, B.L. Murr, E. Montgomery, J. Osby and J. Sherbine, The

Journal of Organic Chemistry, 47, 2242-2251, 1982. 6. "A System for Heparin Removal," R. Langer, R.J. Linhardt, P.M. Galliher, M.M. Flanagan, C.L. Cooney and, Klein, M.D.

Biomaterials: Interfacial Phenomena and Applications, Advances in Chemistry Series, Chapter 31, pp. 493-509, S.L. Cooper and N.A. Pepas (Eds.), Washington, D.C. 1982.

7. "Immobilized Heparinase: Production, Purification, and Application In Extracorporeal Therapy," R. Langer, R.J. Linhardt,

C.C. Cooney, D. Tapper, M.D. Klein, Enzyme Engineering Vol. 6, pp. 433-441, I. Chibata, S. Fukui and L.B. Wingard, Jr. (Eds.), Plenum Press, New York, 1982.

8. "Mode of Action of Heparin Lyase On Heparin," R.J. Linhardt, G.L. Fitzgerald, C.L. Cooney, R. Langer, Biochimica et

Biophysica Acta, 702, 197-203, 1982. 9. "An Enzymatic System for Removing Heparin in Extracorporeal Therapy," R. Langer, R.J. Linhardt, S. Hoffberg, A.K.

Larsen, C.L. Cooney, D. Tapper, M. Klein, Science, 217, 261-263, 1982. 10. "Regulation of Heparinase Synthesis in Flavobacterium heparinum," P.M. Galliher, R.J. Linhardt, L.J. Conway, R. Langer,

C.L. Cooney, European Journal of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 15, 252-257, 1982. 11. "Differential Anticoagulant Activity of Heparin Fragments Prepared Using Microbial Heparinase," R.J. Linhardt, A. Grant,

C.L. Cooney, R. Langer, The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 257, 7310-7313, 1982. 12. "A Colorimetric Assay for Chemical Heparin in Plasma," M. D. Klein, R.A. Drongowski, R.J. Linhardt, R.S. Langer,

Analytical Biochemistry, 124, 59-64, 1982. 13. "In Vivo Activity of Microbial Heparinase," R. Langer, R.J. Linhardt, A.K. Larsen, C.L. Cooney, D. Tapper, M. Klein,

Transactions of the American Society for Artificial Internal Organs, 28, 387-390, 1982. 14. "Bioerodible Polyanhydrides For Controlled Drug Delivery," H. B. Rosen, J. Chang, G. E. Wnek, R.J. Linhardt, R. Langer,

Biomaterials, 4, 131-133, 1983. 15. "Heparinase: In Vivo Activity and Immunogenicity in Rabbits," M.D. Klein, R.A. Drongowski, R.J. Linhardt, C.L. Cooney,

R.S. Langer, Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine, 102, 828-837, 1983. 16. "Angiogenesis Inhibition and Tumor Regression Caused by Heparin or a Heparin Fragment in the Presence of Cortisone," J.

Folkman, R. Langer, R.J. Linhardt, C. Haudenschild, S. Taylor, Science, 221, 719-725, 1983. 17. "Bioerodable Polyanhydrides for Controlled Drug Delivery," R.J. Linhardt, H.B. Rosen, R. Langer, Polymer Preprints, 24,

47-48, 1983. 18. "An Immobilized Microbial Heparinase for Blood Deheparinization," R.J. Linhardt, C.L. Cooney, D. Tapper, C.A. Zannetos,

A.K. Larsen, R. Langer, Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 9, 41-55, 1984. 19. "Metachromatic Activity of Heparin and Heparin Fragments," A.C. Grant, R.J. Linhardt, G.L. Fitzgerald, J.J. Park, R.

Langer, Analytical Biochemistry, 137, 25-32, 1984. 20. "Effect of Extracorporeal Enzymatic Deheparinization on Formed Blood Components," A.K. Larsen, R.J. Linhardt, D.

Tapper, M. Klein, R. Langer, Artificial Organs, 8, 198-203, 1984.

21. "Polymer Based Drug Delivery: Magnetic Modulated and Bioerodible Systems," E.R. Edelmen, R.J. Linhardt, H. Bobeck, J. Kost, H.B. Rosen, R. Langer, Polymers as Biomaterials, pp. 279-292, S.W. Shalaby, A.S. Hoffman, B.D. Ratner and T.A. Horbett (Eds.) Plenum Press, 1984.

22. "Purification and Characterization of Heparinase from Flavobacterium heparinum," V.C. Yang, R.J. Linhardt, H. Bernstein,

C.L. Cooney, R. Langer, The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 260, 1849-1857, 1985. 23. "Small Heparin Fragments Regulate the Amplification Pathway of Complement," M.D. Sharath, Z.M. Merchant, Y.S. Kim,

K.G. Rice, R.J. Linhardt, J.M. Weiler, Immunopharmacology, 9, 73-80, 1985. 24. "Structure of Heparin-Derived Tetrasaccharides," Z.M. Merchant, Y.S. Kim, K.G. Rice, R.J. Linhardt, Biochemical Journal,

229, 369-377, 1985. 25. "Immuno-Affinity Purification of Heparinase," R.J. Linhardt, Z.M. Merchant, D.W. Persinger, The International Journal of

Biochemistry, 17, 1179-1183, 1985. 26. "High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Separation of Heparin-Derived Oligosaccharides," K.G. Rice, Y.S. Kim, A.C.

Grant, Z.M. Merchant, R.J. Linhardt, Analytical Biochemistry, 150, 325-331, 1985. 27. "Evidence of Random Structural Features in the Heparin Polymer," R.J. Linhardt, Z.M. Merchant, K.G. Rice, Y.S. Kim, G.L.

Fitzgerald, A.C. Grant, R. Langer, Biochemistry, 24, 7805-7810, 1985. 28. "Polysaccharide Lyases," R.J. Linhardt, P.M. Galliher, C.L. Cooney, Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 12, 135-176,

1986. 29. "Effect of Heparin, Heparin Fragments, and Corticosteriods on Cerebral Endothelial Cell Growth In Vitro and In Vivo," D.W.

Beck, J.J. Olson, R.J. Linhardt, Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology, 45, 503-512, 1986. 30. "Variation in Composition and Yield of Exopolysaccharides Produced by Klebsiella sp. Strain K32 and Acinetobacter

calcoaceticus BD4," B.A. Bryan, R.J. Linhardt, L. Daniels, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 51, 1304-1308, 1986. 31. "Effect of Very Low Molecular Weight Heparin-Derived Oligosaccharides on Lipoprotein Lipase Release in Rabbits," Z.M.

Merchant, E.E. Erbe, W.P. Eddy, D. Patel, R.J. Linhardt, Atherosclerosis, 62, 151-158, 1986. 32. "Structure and Activity of a Unique Heparin-Derived Hexasaccharide," R.J. Linhardt, K.G. Rice, Z.M. Merchant, Y.S. Kim,

D.L. Lohse, The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 261, 14448-14454, 1986. 33. "New Approaches for Anticoagulation in Extracorporeal Therapy," R.J. Linhardt, R. Langer, Journal of Biomaterials,

Artificial Cells and Artificial Organs, 15, 91-100, 1987. 34. "Fractionation of Heparin-Derived Oligosaccharides by Gradient Polyacrylamide-Gel Electrophoresis," K.G. Rice, M.K.

Rottink, R.J. Linhardt, Biochemical Journal, 244, 515-522, 1987. 35. "Use of Computer Simulation on the Massively Parallel Processor to Study the Structural Features of Heparin," D.M. Cohen,

R.J. Linhardt, Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Super-computing: Supercomputing Projects, Applications and Artificial Intelligence, Volume 1, pp 210-213, L.P. Kartashev and S.I. Kartashev, (Eds.), International Supercomputing Institute, St. Petersburg, FL, 1988.

36. "Homogeneous, Structurally Defined Heparin-Oligosaccharides With Low Anticoagulant Activity Inhibit the Generation of

the Amplification Pathway C3 Convertase In Vitro," R.J. Linhardt, K.G. Rice, Y.S. Kim, J. D. Engelken, J. M. Weiler, The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 263, 13090-13096, 1988.

37. "Microheterogeneity of Plasma Glycoproteins Heparin Cofactor II and Antithrombin III and Their Carbohydrate Analysis,"

Y.S. Kim, K.B. Lee and R.J. Linhardt, Thrombosis Research, 51, 97-104, 1988. 38. "Mapping and Quantification of the Major Oligosaccharide Components of Heparin," R.J. Linhardt, K.G. Rice, Y.S. Kim,

D.L. Lohse, H.M. Wang, D. Loganathan," Biochemical Journal, 254, 781-787, 1988. 39. "Microbially Produced Rhamnolipid as a Source of Rhamnose," R.J. Linhardt, R. Bakhit, L. Daniels, F. Mayerl, and W.

Pickenhagen, Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 33, 365-368, 1989. 40. "Study of Structurally Defined Oligosaccharide Substrates of Heparin and Heparan Monosulfate Lyases," K.G. Rice and R.J.

Linhardt, Carbohydrate Research, 190, 219-233, 1989.

41. "A Dose Escalation Study of Org 10172 (Low Molecular Weight Heparinoid) in Stroke," J. Biller, E.W. Massey, J.R. Marler, H.P. Adams, J.N. Davis, A. Bruno, R.A. Henriksen, R.J. Linhardt, L.B. Goldstein, M. Alberts, C.T. Kisker, G.J. Toffol, C.S. Greenberg, K.J. Banwart, C. Bertels, D.W. Beck, M. Walker, H.N. Maganani, Neurology, 39, 262-265, 1989.

42. "Resistance of Heparinase-Derived Heparin Fragments to Biotransformation," A.K. Larsen, K.G. Rice, RJ. Linhardt, G.

Wogan, R. Langer, The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 264, 1570-1577, 1989. 43. "Biodegradable Polymers For Controlled Release of Drugs," R.J. Linhardt, in Controlled Release of Drugs: Polymers and

Aggregate Systems, Verlag Chemie Critical Review Series, M. Rosoff (Ed.), Chapter 2, pp 53-95, 1989. 44. "Nonrandom Structural Features in the Heparin Polymer," R.J. Linhardt, D.M. Cohen, K.G. Rice, Biochemistry, 28, 2888-

2894, 1989. 45. "Structural Features of Heparin and Their Effect on Heparin Cofactor II Mediated Inhibition of Thrombin," Y.S. Kim and

R.J. Linhardt, Thrombosis Research, 53, 55-71, 1989. 46. "Quantitative Analysis of the Monomer Products Formed on the Hydrolysis of Poly(Esters) and Poly(Anhydrides)," R.J.

Linhardt, D.R. Flanagan, E. Schmitt, H.T. Wang, Polymer Preprints, 30, 464-465, 1989. 47. "Comparison of the Activity of Polyanions and Polycations on the Classical and Alternative Pathways of Complement," J.M.

Weiler, R.J. Linhardt, Immunopharmacology, 17, 65-72, 1989. 48. "Sequence Analysis of Highly Sulfated Heparin-Derived Oligosaccharides Using Fast Atom Bombardment Mass

Spectrometry," L.M. Mallis, H.M. Wang, D. Loganathan, R.J. Linhardt, Analytical Chemistry, 61, 1453-1458, 1989. 49. "Analysis of Glycosaminoglycan-Derived Oligosaccharides Using Reversed Phase Ion-Pairing and Ion-Exchange

Chromatography With Suppressed Conductivity Detection," R.J. Linhardt, K.N. Gu, D. Loganathan, S.R. Carter, Analytical Biochemistry, 181, 288-296, 1989.

50. "Structure of Amiprilose-Hydrochloride, A Novel Anti-Inflammatory Agent," R.J. Linhardt, N.C. Baenziger, B. Ronsen,

Journal of Pharmaceutical Science, 79, 158-162, 1990. 51. "Heparin, Heparinoids and Heparin Oligosaccharides: Structure and Biological Activities," R.J. Linhardt and D. Loganathan,

in Biomimetic Polymers, G. Gebelein (ed.), Plenum Press, New York, pp. 135-173, 1990. 52. "Carbohydrate Analysis of Glycoproteins," K.B. Lee, D. Loganathan, Z.M. Merchant, R.J. Linhardt, Applied Biochemistry

and Biotechnology, 23, 53-80, 1990. 53. "Isolation and Recovery of Acidic Oligosaccharides from Polyacrylamide Gels by Semi-Dry Electrotransfer," A. Al-Hakim,

R.J. Linhardt, Electrophoresis, 11, 23-28, 1990. 54. "Structural Variation in the Antithrombin III Binding Site Region and Its Occurrence in Heparin from Different Sources," D.

Loganathan, H.M. Wang, L.M. Mallis, R.J. Linhardt, Biochemistry, 29, 4362-4368, 1990. 55. "Examination of the Substrate Specificity of Heparin and Heparan Sulfate Lyases," R.J. Linhardt, J.E. Turnbull, H.M. Wang,

D. Loganathan, J.T. Gallagher, Biochemistry, 29, 2611-2617, 1990. 56. "Modification and Potential Uses of Heparin and Other Acidic Polysaccharides," R.J. Linhardt, Proceedings of the ACS

Division of Polymeric Materials: Science and Engineering, 62, 488-491, 1990. 57. "Biodegradable Poly(Esters) and the Delivery of Bioactive Agents," R.J. Linhardt, D.R. Flanagan, E. Schmitt, H.T. Wang,

Polymer Preprints, 31, 249-250, 1990. 58. "Oligosaccharide Mapping of Low Molecular Weight Heparins: Structure and Activity Differences," R.J. Linhardt, D.

Loganathan, A. Al-Hakim, H.M. Wang, J.M. Walenga, D. Hoppensteadt, J. Fareed, Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 33, 1639-1645, 1990.

59. "Randomness in the Heparin Polymer: Computer Simulations of Alternative Action Patterns of Heparin Lyase," D.M.

Cohen, R.J. Linhardt, Biopolymers, 30, 733-741, 1990. 60. "Degradation of Poly(Ester) Microspheres," H.T. Wang, H. Palmer, R.J. Linhardt, D.R. Flanagan, E. Schmitt, Biomaterials,

11, 679-685, 1990.

61. "Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins and Heparinoids and their Use in Acute or Progressing Ischemic Stroke," D.L. Gordon, R. Linhardt, H.P. Adams, Clinical Neuropharmacology, 13, 522-543, 1990.

62. "Structure and Metabolism of Glycosaminoglycans," R.J. Linhardt, D. Loganathan A. Al-Hakim, S. A. Ampofo, in New

Trends in Haemostasis: Coagulation Proteins, Endothelium, and Tissue Factors, Springer Verlag Publishers, Berlin, J. Harenberg, D.L. Heene, G. Stehle, G. Schletter, (Eds.), pp. 12-26, 1990.

63. "Biodegradable Poly(Esters) for the Controlled Delivery of Vaccines," R.J. Linhardt, H.T. Wang, D.R. Flanagan, E. Schmitt,

H. Palmer, Proceedings of the ACS Division of Polymeric Materials: Science and Engineering, 63, 39-42, 1990. 64. "Immobilization of C3b with Retention of Functional Activity," R.E. Edens, R.J. Linhardt, J.M. Weiler, Journal of

Immunological Methods, 133, 67-70, 1990. 65. "Electrophoresis and Detection of Nanogram Quantities of Exogenous and Endogenous Glycosaminoglycans in Biological

Fluids," A. Al-Hakim, R.J. Linhardt, Applied and Theoretical Electrophoresis, 1, 305-312, 1991. 66. "Biocatalysts for the Synthesis and Modification of Biopolymers," R.J. Linhardt and A. Al-Hakim in Biocatalysts for

Industry, Topics in Applied Chemistry, Plenum Publishing Company, New York, J.S. Dordick (Ed.), Chapter 5, pp. 83-112, 1991.

67. "Molecular Profile and Mapping of Dermatan Sulfates from Different Origins," R.J. Linhardt, A. Al-Hakim, S.Y. Liu, Y.S.

Kim, J. Fareed, Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis, 17, 15-22, 1991. 68 "A New Method for Sequencing Linear Oligosaccharides on Gels Using Charged, Fluorescent Conjugates," K.B. Lee, A. Al-

Hakim, D. Loganathan, R.J. Linhardt, Carbohydrate Research, 214, 155-168, 1991. 69. "Acidic Polysaccharides, Their Modification and Potential Uses," R.J. Linhardt, A. Al-Hakim, J. Liu, in Biotechnology and

Polymers, Plenum Press Publishing Company, New York, C.G. Gebelein (Ed.) 1991, pp. 115-165. 70. "Influence of Formulation Methods on the In Vitro Controlled Release of Protein from Poly(Ester) Microspheres," H.T.

Wang, E. Schmitt, D.R. Flanagan, R.J. Linhardt, Journal of Controlled Release, 17, 23-32, 1991. 71. "Rhamnose from the Products of Microbial Fermentation," R.J. Linhardt, SIM Industrial Microbiology News, 41, 113-118,

1991. 72. "Heparin: An Important Drug Enters its Seventh Decade," R.J. Linhardt, Chemistry & Industry, 2, 45-50, 1991. 73. "Antithrombin III Regulates Complement Activity In Vitro," J.M. Weiler, R.J. Linhardt, Journal of Immunology, 146, 3889-

3894, 1991. 74. "Determination of the pKa of Glucuronic Acid and the Carboxy Groups of Heparin by 13C-Nuclear-Magnetic Resonance

Spectroscopy," H.M. Wang, D. Loganathan, R.J. Linhardt, Biochemical Journal, 278, 689-695, 1991. 75. "Structural Features of Dermatan Sulfates and their Relationship to Anticoagulant and Antithrombotic Activities," R.J.

Linhardt, A. Al-Hakim, J. Liu, D. Hoppensteadt, G. Mascellani, P. Bianchini, J. Fareed Biochemical Pharmacology, 42, 1609-1619, 1991.

76. "Capillary Electrophoresis for the Analysis of Chondroitin Sulfate- and Dermatan Sulfate-Derived Disaccharides," A. Al-

Hakim, R.J. Linhardt, Analytical Biochemistry, 195, 68-73, 1991. 77. "Capillary Zone Electrophoresis for the Quantitation of Oligosaccharides Formed Through the Action of Chitinase", K.B.

Lee, Y.S. Kim, R.J. Linhardt, Electrophoresis, 12, 636-640, 1991. 78. "Disaccharide Compositional Analysis of Heparin and Heparan Sulfate Using Capillary Zone Electrophoresis," S.A. Ampofo,

H.M. Wang, R.J. Linhardt, Analytical Biochemistry, 199, 249-255, 1991. 79. "Detection of Chitinase Activity Using a Fluorescence-Labeled Substrate on Polyacrylamide Gel," Y.S. Kim, K.B. Lee, R.J.

Linhardt, Korean Biochemical Journal, 24, 466-471, 1991. 80. "Controlled Release of Protein and Vaccines from Poly(Ester) Microspheres In Vitro," H.T. Wang, H. Palmer, R.J. Linhardt,

D.R. Flanagan, E. Schmitt, in Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Applications of Polymers, Plenum Press Publishing Company, New York, C.G. Gebelein, T.C. Cheng, V.C. Yang (Eds.), pp 239-253, 1991.

81. "Controlled Release of Protein and Vaccines from Poly(Ester) Microspheres In Vitro," H.T. Wang, H. Palmer, R.J. Linhardt, D.R. Flanagan, E. Schmitt, Proceedings of the ACS Symposium on Polymers Cosmetics and Pharmaceutical Applications, 239-253, 1991.

82. "Chemical and Enzymatic Methods for the Depolymerization and Modification of Heparin," R.J. Linhardt, in Carbohydrates-

Synthetic Methods and Applications in Medicinal Chemistry, Kodansha/VCH Publishers, Tokyo/Weinheim, H. Ogura, A. Hasegawa, T. Suami (Eds.), Chap. 20, pp 387-403, 1992.

83. "Analysis of Glycosaminoglycan-Derived Oligosaccharides Using Fast-Atom-Bombardment Mass-Spectrometry," R.J.

Linhardt, H.M. Wang, D. Loganathan, D. Lamb, L.M. Mallis, Carbohydrate Research, 225, 137-145, 1992. 84. "Gradient Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis for Determination of the Molecular Weights of Heparin Preparations and

Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin Derivatives," R.E. Edens, A. Al-Hakim, J.M. Weiler, D.G. Rethwisch, J. Fareed, R.J. Linhardt, Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 81, 823-827, 1992.

85. "Isolation and Characterization of Human Heparin," R.J. Linhardt, S.A. Ampofo, J. Fareed, D. Hoppensteadt, J. B. Mulliken,

J. Folkman, Biochemistry, 31, 12441-12445, 1992. 86. "Search for the Heparin Antithrombin III-Binding Site Precursor," R.J. Linhardt, H.M. Wang, D. Loganathan, J.H. Bae, The

Journal of Biological Chemistry, 267, 2380-2387, 1992. 87. "New Methodologies in Heparin Structure Analysis and the Generation of LMW Heparins," R.J. Linhardt, H.M. Wang, S.A.

Ampofo, in Heparin and Related Polysaccharides, Plenum Press, New York, D. Lane and U. Lindahl (Eds.), pp. 37-47, 1992.

88. "An Electrophoresis-Based Assay For Glycosyltransferase Activity," K.B. Lee, U.R. Desai, M.M. Palcic, O. Hindsgaul, R.J.

Linhardt, Analytical Biochemistry, 205, 108-114, 1992. 89. "Lectin Affinity Electrophoresis for the Separation of Fluorescently Labeled Sugar Derivatives," K.B. Lee, Y.S. Kim, R.J.

Linhardt, Analytical Biochemistry, 203, 206-210, 1992. 90. "Biodegradable Polymers for the Controlled Delivery of Vaccines," E. Schmitt, D.R. Flanagan, R.J. Linhardt, Proceedings of

the ACS Division of Polymeric Materials: Science and Engineering, 66, 493-494, 1992. 91. "Fundamental Studies on the Hydration, Erosion and Release Properties of Biodegradable Poly(esters)," E. Schmitt, D.R.

Flanagan, R.J. Linhardt, Proceedings of the ACS Division of Polymeric Materials: Science and Engineering, 66, 1992. 92. "Heparin and Modified Heparin Inhibit Complement Activation In Vivo," J.M. Weiler, R.E. Edens, R.J. Linhardt, D.P.

Kapelanski, Journal of Immunology, 148, 3210-3215, 1992. 93. "Negative Ion Fast-Atom Bombardment Tandem Mass Spectrometry to Determine Sulfate and Linkage Position in

Glycosaminoglycan-Derived Disaccharides," D.J. Lamb, H.M. Wang, L.M. Mallis, R.J. Linhardt, Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry, 3, 797-803, 1992.

94. "Purification and Characterization of Heparin Lyases from Flavobacterium heparinum," D.L. Lohse, R.J. Linhardt, Journal

of Biological Chemistry, 267, 24347-24355, 1992. 95. "Biocatalytic Synthesis of Sugar-Containing Poly(acrylate)-Based Hydrogels," B.D. Martin, S.A. Ampofo, R.J. Linhardt, J.S.

Dordick, Macromolecules, 25, 7081-7085, 1992. 96. "Physical Stabilization of Acidic Fibroblast Growth Factor by Polyanions," D.B. Volkin, P.K. Tsai, J.M. Dabora, J.O. Gress,

C.J. Burke, R.J. Linhardt, C.R. Middaugh, Archives in Biochemistry and Biophysics, 300, 30-41, 1993. 97. "Degradation and Release Properties of Pellets Fabricated From Three Commercial Poly (D,L-Lactide-co-Glycolide)

Biodegradable Polymers," E.A. Schmitt, D.R. Flanagan, R.J. Linhardt, Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 82, 326-329, 1993.

98. "Nature of the Interaction of Heparin with Acidic Fibroblast Growth Factor," H. Mach, D.B. Volkin, C.J. Burke, C.R.

Middaugh, R.J. Linhardt, J. Fromm, D. Loganathan, L. Mattsson, Biochemistry, 32, 5480-5489, 1993. 99. "Structure Elucidation of a Novel Acidic Tetrasaccharide and Hexasaccharide Derived From a Chemically Modified

Heparin," U.R. Desai, H.M. Wang, T.R. Kelly, R.J. Linhardt, Carbohydrate Research, 241, 249-259, 1993.

100. "Heparin Is Not Just an Anticoagulant Anymore: Six and One-Half Decades of Studies on the Ability of Heparin to Regulate Complement Activation," R.E. Edens, R. J. Linhardt, Weiler, J.M., Complement Profiles, 1, 96-120, 1993.

101. "Monoclonal Antibodies Prepared Against Heparin Lyase I and their Reactivity Towards Heparin Lyases I, II and III," K.

Gu., R.E. Edens, K.A. Jandik, R.J. Linhardt, International Journal of Biochemistry, 25, 331-336, 1993. 102. "Comparison of the Activity of Two Chondroitin AC Lyases on Dermatan Sulfate," K. Gu, J. Liu, A. Pervin, R.J. Linhardt,

Carbohydrate Research, 244, 369-377, 1993. 103. "Mapping and Sequencing of Oligosaccharides by Electrophoresis" R.J. Linhardt, J. Liu, X.-J. Han, Trends in Glycoscience

and Glycotechnology, 5, 181-192, 1993. 104. "Heparin Oligosaccharides Bind L- and P-Selectin and Inhibit Acute Inflammation," R.M. Nelson, O. Cecconi, W.G.

Roberts, A. Aruffo, R.J. Linhardt, M.P. Bevilacqua, Blood, 82, 3253-3258, 1993. 105. "Oligosaccharide Composition of Heparin and Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins by Capillary Electrophoresis," U.R. Desai,

H.M. Wang, S.A. Ampofo, R.J. Linhardt, Analytical Biochemistry, 213, 120-127, 1993. 106. "Specificity Studies on the Heparin Lyases from Flavobacterium heparinum," U.R. Desai, H.M. Wang, R.J. Linhardt,

Biochemistry, 32, 8140-8145, 1993. 107. "Substrate Specificity of the Heparin Lyases from Flavobacterium heparinum," U.R. Desai, H.M. Wang, R.J. Linhardt,

Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 306, 461-468, 1993. 108. "Capillary Electrophoresis to Measure Sulfoesterase Activity on Chondroitin Sulfate and Heparin Derived Disaccharides" A.

Pervin, K. Gu, R.J. Linhardt, Applied and Theoretical Electrophoresis, 3, 297-303, 1993. 109. "Heparin and Derivatized Heparin Inhibit Zymosan and Cobra Venom Factor Activation of Complement in Serum," R.E.

Edens, R.J. Linhardt, C. S. Bell, J.M. Weiler, Immunopharmacology, 27, 145-153, 1994. 110. "Biodegradable Polymers for the Controlled Delivery of Vaccines," E. Schmitt, D.R. Flanagan, R.J. Linhardt, in

Biotechnology and Bioactive Polymers, Plenum Publishing Company, New York, C. Gebelein and C. Carraher (Eds.), pp 249-258, 1994.

111. "Analysis of Glycosaminoglycans with Polysaccharide Lyases," R.J. Linhardt, in Current Protocols in Molecular Biology,

Analysis of Glycoconjugates, A. Varki (ed.), V 2, 17.13.17-17.13.32, Wiley Interscience, Boston, 1994. 112. "Molecular Weight of Low Molecular Weight Heparins by 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy," U.R. Desai,

R.J. Linhardt, Carbohydrate Research, 255, 193-212, 1994. 113. "Low Molecular Weight Dermatan Sulfate as an Antithrombotic Agent: Structure-Activity Relationship Studies" R.J.

Linhardt, U.R. Desai, J. Liu, A. Pervin, D. Hoppensteadt, J. Fareed, Biochemical Pharmacology, 47, 1241-1252, 1994. 114. "Interaction of Heparin with Synthetic Antithrombin III Peptide Analogues," J. Bae, U.R. Desai, A. Pervin, E.E.O. Caldwell,

J.M. Weiler, R.J. Linhardt, Biochemical Journal, 301, 121-129, 1994. 115. "Capillary Electrophoresis of Oligosaccharides" R.J. Linhardt, in Methods in Enzymology, Guide to Techniques in

Glycobiology, W.J. Lennarz, G.W. Hart (Eds.), Volume 230, Chapter 16, pp 265-280, Academic Press, San Diego, 1994. 116. "Importance of Distinct Water Environments in the Hydrolysis of Poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide)," E.A. Schmitt, D.R.

Flanagan, R.J. Linhardt, Macromolecules, 27, 743-748, 1994. 117. "Action Pattern of Polysaccharide Lyases on Glycosaminoglycans" K.A. Jandik, K. Gu, R.J. Linhardt, Glycobiology, 4, 289-

296, 1994. 118. "Accelerated Degradation of Poly(ε-caprolactone) by Organic Amines," W.-J. Lin, D.R. Flanagan, R.J. Linhardt,

Pharmaceutical Research, 11, 1030-1034, 1994. 119. "New Approaches for the Preparation of Hydrophobic Heparin Derivatives," J. Liu, A. Pervin, C.M. Gallo, U.R. Desai, C.L.

Van Gorp, R.J. Linhardt, Journal of Pharmaceutical Science, 83, 1034-1039, 1994. 120. "Chemical and Biochemical Catalysis to make Swellable Polymers," J.S. Dordick, R.J. Linhardt, D.G. Rethwisch Chemtech,

24, 33-39, 1994.

121. "Separation of Glycosaminoglycan-Derived Oligosaccharides by Capillary Electrophoresis Using Reverse Polarity," A. Pervin, A. Al-Hakim, R.J. Linhardt, Analytical Biochemistry, 221, 182-188, 1994.

122. "Directional Immobilization of Heparin onto Beaded Supports," V. D. Nadkarni, A. Pervin, R.J. Linhardt, Analytical

Biochemistry, 222, 59-67, 1994. 123. "Human Milk Glycosaminoglycans Inhibit HIV Glycoprotein gp120 Binding to Its Host Cell CD4 Receptor " D.S. Newburg,

R.J. Linhardt, S.A. Ampofo, R.H. Yolken, Journal of Nutrition, 125, 419-424, 1995. 124. "IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-5 Association with Endothelial Cells: Role of C-terminal Heparin Binding Domain," B.A. Booth, M.

Boes, D.L. Andress, B.L. Dake, M.C. Kiefer, C. Maack, R.J. Linhardt, K. Bar, E.E.O. Caldwell, J. Weiler, R. S. Bar, Growth Regulation, 5, 1-17, 1995.

125. "Preparation and Structural Characterization of Large Heparin-Derived Oligosaccharides," A. Pervin, C. Gallo, K. A. Jandik,

X.-J. Han, R.J. Linhardt, Glycobiology, 5, 83-95, 1995. 126. "Analysis of Fluorescently Labeled Sugars by Reversed-Phase Ion-Pairing High-Performance Liquid Chromatography," Y.S.

Kim, J. Liu, X.J. Han, A. Pervin, R.J. Linhardt, Journal of Chromatographic Science, 33, 162-167 1995. 127. "Capillary Electrophoresis for Monitoring Chemical Reactions: Sulfation and Synthetic Manipulation of Sulfated

Carbohydrates," R.J. Kerns, I.R. Vlahov, R.J. Linhardt, Carbohydrate Research, 267, 143-152, 1995. 128. "Lectin Affinity Electrophoresis," R.J. Linhardt, X.J. Han, J.R. Fromm, Molecular Biotechnology, 3, 191-197, 1995. 129. "Dermatan Sulfate as a Potential Therapeutic Agent," R.J. Linhardt, R.E. Hileman, General Pharmacology, 26, 443-451,

1995. 130. "Measurement of the Antithrombin III Binding Sites in Low Molecular Weight Heparins Using 13C NMR and Capillary

Electrophoresis" U.R. Desai, D. Hoppensteadt, J. Fareed, R.J. Linhardt, Pharmaceutical Science, 1, 349-353, 1995. 131. "Molecular Weight of Heparin Using 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy," U.R. Desai, R.J. Linhardt, Journal of

Pharmaceutical Science, 84, 212-215, 1995. 132. "Two-Dimensional Affinity Resolution Electrophoresis Demonstrates that Three Distinct Heparin Populations Interact with

Antithrombin III" R.E. Edens, J.R. Fromm, S.J. Fromm, R.J. Linhardt, J.M. Weiler Biochemistry, 34, 2400-2407, 1995. 133. "Modified Assay for the Measurement of Biotin in the Presence of Heparin," V.D. Nadkarni, R.J. Linhardt, Analytical

Biochemistry, 227, 402-404, 1995. 134. "Separation of Hydroxyl Protected Heparin Derived Disaccharides using Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid

Chromatography," R.J. Kerns, R.J. Linhardt, Journal of Chromatography A, 705, 369-373, 1995. 135. "Carbohydrate-Protein Interactions in Vascular Biology," , R.M. Nelson, A. Venot, M.P. Bevilacqua, R.J. Linhardt, I.

Stamenkovic, Annual Reviews in Cell and Developmental Biology, 11, 601-631, 1995. 136. "Purification, Characterization and Specificity of Chondroitin Lyases and Glycuronidase from Flavobacterium heparinum"

K. Gu, R.J. Linhardt, M. Laliberte, K. Gu, J. Zimmerman, Biochemical Journal, 312, 569-577, 1995. 137. "Conformational Analysis of Sucrose Octasulfate by High Resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy," U.R.

Desai, I.R. Vlahov, A. Pervin, R.J. Linhardt, Carbohydrate Research, 275, 391-401, 1995. 138. "Isolation and Characterization of Heparan Sulfate from Crude Porcine Intestinal Mucosa Peptidoglycan Heparin," C.C.

Griffin, R.J. Linhardt, C.L. Van Gorp, T. Toida, R.E. Hileman, R.L. Schubert, S.E. Brown, Carbohydrate Research, 276, 183-197, 1995.

139. "Strategy for the Sequence Analysis of Heparin" J. Liu, U.R. Desai, X.-J. Han, T. Toida, R.J. Linhardt, Glycobiology, 5, 765-

774, 1995. 140. "Differences in the Interaction of Heparin with Arginine and Lysine and the Importance of These Basic Amino Acids in the

Binding of Heparin to Acidic Fibroblast Growth Factor," J.R. Fromm, R.E. Hileman, E.E.O. Caldwell, J.M. Weiler, R.J. Linhardt, Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 323, 279-287, 1995.

141. "Enzymatic Synthesis of Polymeric Materials," J.S. Dordick, B.D. Martin, X. Chen, J.O. Rich, N. Patil, R.J. Linhardt, D.G.

Rethwisch, Polymer Material Science and Engineering, 72, 90-91, 1995.

142. "Regioselective Synthesis of Derivatives of L-Idopyranuronic Acid: A Key Constituent of Glycosaminoglycans," I.R.

Vlahov, R.J. Linhardt, Tetrahedron Letters, 36, 8379-8382, 1995. 143. "Enzymatic and Chemoenzymatic Approaches to Synthesis of Sugar-Based Polymer and Hydrogels," X. Chen, B.D. Martin,

T.K. Neubauer, R.J. Linhardt, J.S. Dordick, D.G. Rethwisch, Carbohydrate Polymers, 28, 15-21, 1995. 144. "Separation of Negatively Charged Carbohydrates by Capillary Electrophoresis," R.J. Linhardt, A. Pervin, Journal of

Chromatography A, 720, 323-335, 1996. 145. "Importance of Specific Amino Acids in Protein Binding Sites for Heparin and Heparan Sulfate," E.E.O. Caldwell, V.D.

Nadkarni, J.R. Fromm, R.J. Linhardt, J.M. Weiler International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, 28, 203-216, 1996.

146. "Accelerated Stability Studies of Heparin," K. A. Jandik, D. Kruep, M. Cartier, R.J. Linhardt, Journal of Pharmaceutical

Science, 85, 45-51, 1996. 147. "13C-NMR Relaxation Study of Heparin-Disaccharide Interactions with Tripeptides GRG and GKG," D. Mikhailov, K. H.

Mayo, A. Pervin, R.J. Linhardt, Biochemical Journal, 315, 447-454, 1996. 148. "Detection of Glycosaminoglycans as a Copper (II) Complex in Capillary Electrophoresis," T. Toida, R.J. Linhardt,

Electrophoresis, 17, 341-346, 1996. 149. "Heparin Structure and Interactions with Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor," S. Faham, R.E. Hileman, J.R. Fromm, R.J.

Linhardt, D.C. Rees, Science, 271, 1116-1120, 1996. 150. "C-2 Epimerization of N-Acetylglucosamine in an Oligosaccharide Derived from Heparan Sulfate," T. Toida, I.R. Vlahov,

A.E. Smith, R.E. Hileman, R.J. Linhardt, Journal of Carbohydrate Chemistry, 15, 351-360, 1996. 151. "Selective N-Sulfation of Glucosamine Derivatives Using Phenyl Chlorosulfate in Non-Aqueous Solvent," R.J. Kerns, R.J.

Linhardt, Synthetic Communications, 26, 2671-2680, 1996. 152. "Synthesis of the Bis-Tetrahydropyrano[2,3-b:2’,3’-e] Piperazine Ring System: A New Tricyclic Heterocycle from D-

Glucosamine," R.J. Kerns, T. Toida, R.J. Linhardt, Journal of Carbohydrate Chemistry, 15, 581-590, 1996. 153. "A New Glycosaminoglycan from the Giant African Snail Achatina fulica," Y.S. Kim, Y.Y. Jo, I.M. Chang, T. Toida, Y.

Park, R.J. Linhardt, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 271, 11750-11755, 1996. 154. "NMR Solution Conformation of Heparin-Derived Tetrasaccharide," D. Mikhailov, K.H. Mayo, I.R. Vlahov, T. Toida, A.

Pervin, R.J. Linhardt, Biochemical Journal, 318, 93-102, 1996. 155. "Heparin and Heparin Oligosaccharides: Preparation, Analysis, Applications and Biological Activities," R.J. Linhardt, R.J.

Kerns, I.R. Vlahov, Biomedical Functions and Biotechnology of Natural and Artificial Polymers, M. Yalpani, ed., ATL Press, Science Publishers, Mt. Prospect, IL, 1996, pp 45-62.

156. "Preparation and Biological Activity of N-Sulfonated Chondroitin and Dermatan Sulfate Derivatives," V.D. Nadkarni, T.

Toida, C.L. Van Gorp, R.L. Schubert, J.M. Weiler, K.P. Hansen, E.E.O. Caldwell, R.J. Linhardt, Carbohydrate Research, 290, 87-96, 1996.

157. "Enzymatic Preparation of Heparin Oligosaccharides Containing Antithrombin III Binding Sites," T. Toida, R.E. Hileman,

A.E. Smith, P.I. Vlahova, R.J. Linhardt, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 271, 32040-32047, 1996. 158. "Structure-Function Relationships in the Heparin-Binding C-terminal Region of Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein-

3," B.A. Booth, M. Boes, B.L. Dake, R.J. Linhardt, E.O. Caldwell, J.M. Weiler, R.S. Bar, Growth Regulation, 6, 206-213, 1996.

159. "An Unusual Ring Contraction of Silyl Glucopyranosides to Silyl Glucofuranosides," Y.G. Du, I.R. Vlahov, R.J. Linhardt,

Carbohydrate Letters, 2, 165-168, 1996. 160. "Analysis of the Structure of Heparin and Heparan Sulfate by High-Resolution Separation of Oligosaccharides, " R.J.

Linhardt, T. Toida, A.E. Smith, R.E. Hileman, in A Laboratory Guide to Glycoconjugate Analysis, J.T. Gallagher, P. Jackson, eds, Birkhauser Verlag AG, Basel, 1997, Chapter 10, pp 183-197.

161. "Preparation and Structure of Heparin Lyase-Derived Heparan Sulfate Oligosaccharides," R.E. Hileman, A.E. Smith, T. Toida, R.J. Linhardt, Glycobiology, 7, 231-239, 1997.

162. "Diastereocontrolled Synthesis of Carbon Glycosides of N-Acetylneuraminic Acid via Glycosyl Samarium(III)

Intermediates," I.R. Vlahov, P.I. Vlahova, R.J. Linhardt, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 119, 1480-1481, 1997. 163. "Structural Differences and the Presence of Unsubstituted Amino Groups in Heparan Sulphates from Different Tissues and

Species," T. Toida, H. Yoshida, H. Toyoda, I. Koshiishi, T. Imanari, R.E. Hileman, J.R. Fromm, R.J. Linhardt, Biochemical Journal, 322, 499-506, 1997.

164. "Regio and Stereoselective Conversion of Δ4-Uronates of L-Ido- and D-Glucopyranosiduronic Acids," H.G. Bazin, R.J.

Kerns, R.J. Linhardt, Tetrahedron Letters, 38, 923-926, 1997. 165. "Exploration of the Action Pattern of Streptomyces Hyaluronate Lyase Using High-Resolution Capillary Electrophoresis," Y.

Park, S. Cho, R.J. Linhardt, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1337, 217-226, 1997. 166. "Regioselective Synthesis of Sucrose Monoesters as Surfactants," I.R. Vlahov, P.I. Vlahova, R.J. Linhardt, Journal of

Carbohydrate Chemistry, 16, 1-10, 1997. 167. "Heparin Oligosaccharides: New Analogues-Development and Applications," R.J. Linhardt, T. Toida, in Carbohydrates in

Drug Design, Z.B. Witczak, K.A. Nieforth, eds, Marcel Dekker, NY, Chapter 7, pp. 277-341, 1997. 168. "Pattern and Spacing of Basic Amino Acids in Heparin Binding Sites," J.R. Fromm, R.E. Hileman, E.E.O. Caldwell, J.M.

Weiler, R.J. Linhardt, Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 343, 92-100, 1997. 169. "Dengue Virus Infectivity Depends on Envelope Protein Binding to Target Cell Heparan Sulfate," Y. Chen, T. Maguire, R.E.

Hileman, J.R. Fromm, J.D. Esko, R.J. Linhardt, R.M. Marks, Nature Medicine, 3, 866-871, 1997. 170. "Directional Immobilization of Heparin onto the Nonporous Surface of Polystyrene Microplates," V.D. Nadkarni, R.J.

Linhardt, BioTechniques, 23, 382-385, 1997. 171. "Parameters Affecting the Efficiency of Affinity-Based Reversed Micellar Extraction and Separation (ARMES) in

Glycoprotein Purification," J.-H. Choe, V.A. VanderNoot R.J. Linhardt, J.S. Dordick, Biotechnology Progress, 13, 440-445, 1997.

172. "Polysulfated Carbohydrates Analyzed as Ion-paired Complexes with Basic Peptides and Proteins Using Electrospray

Negative Ionization Mass Spectrometry," M.M. Siegel, K. Tabei, M.Z. Kagan, I.R. Vlahov, R.E. Hileman, R.J. Linhardt, Journal of Mass Spectrometry, 32, 760-772, 1997.

173. "Glycosaminoglycans Can Influence Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 Mitogenicity Without Significant Growth Factor Binding,"

H.M. Wang, T. Toida, Y.S. Kim, I. Capila, R.E. Hileman, M. Bernfield, R.J. Linhardt, Biochemical Biophysical Research Communications, 235, 369-373, 1997. Erratum 242, 248, 1998.

174. "Chemical Microdetermination of Heparin in Plasma," T. Toida, Y. Huang, Y. Washio, T. Maruyama, H. Toyoda, T.

Imanari, R.J. Linhardt, Analytical Biochemistry, 251, 219-226, 1997. 175. "Heparin-Dependent Fibroblast Growth Factor Activities: Effects of Defined Heparin Oligosaccharides," F.-Y. Zhou, M.

Kan, R.T. Owens, W.L. McKeehan, J.A. Thompson, R.J. Linhardt, M. Höök, European Journal of Cell Biology, 73, 71-80, 1997.

176. "Interaction of Fibroblast Growth Factor-1 and Related Peptides with Heparan Sulfate and Its Oligosaccharides," J.R.

Fromm, R.E. Hileman, J.M. Weiler, R.J. Linhardt, Archives in Biochemistry and Biophysics, 346, 252-262, 1997. 177. "Enzyme Catalyzed Regioselective Synthesis of Sucrose Fatty Acid Ester Surfactants," T. Polat, H.G. Bazin, R.J. Linhardt,

Journal of Carbohydrate Chemistry, 16, 1319-1325, 1997. 178. "Identification of a Heparin Binding Peptide on the Extracellular Domain of the KDR VEGF Receptor," A. M. Dougher, H.

Wasserstrom, L. Torley, L. Shridaran, P. Westdock, R.E. Hileman, J.R. Fromm, R. Anderberg, S. Lyman, R.J. Linhardt, J. Kaplan, B.I. Terman Growth Factors, 14, 257-268, 1997.

179. "Regioselective Synthesis of L-Idopyranosyluonic Acid Derivatives: Intermolecular Aglycon Transfer of Dithioacetal under

Standard Glycosylation Conditions," Y. Du, J. Lin, R.J. Linhardt, Journal of Carbohydrate Chemistry, 16, 1327-1344, 1997.

180. "Detection of Glycosaminoglycans as a Copper (II) Complex in High-performance Liquid Chromatography," T. Toida, M. Shima, S. Azumaya, T. Maruyama, H. Toyoda, T. Imanari, R.J. Linhardt, Journal of Chromatography, 787, 266-270, 1997.

181. "NMR Solution Conformation of Heparin-Derived Hexasaccharide," D. Mikhailov, R.J. Linhardt, K.H. Mayo, Biochemical

Journal, 328, 51-61, 1997. 182. "New Strategy for the Synthesis of D-Glucopyranosiduronic Acid Glycosyl Donors Containing a Latent C-4 Acceptor," Y.

Du, I.R. Vlahov, R.J. Linhardt, Carbohydrate Letters, 3, 53-58, 1998. 183. "Structural Analysis of Heparan Sulfate and Heparan Sulfate Oligosaccharides," T. Toida, R.J. Linhardt, Trends in

Glycobiology and Glycotechnology, 10, 125-136, 1998. 184. "Glycosaminoglycan-Protein Interaction: Definition of Consensus Sites in Glycosaminoglycan Binding Proteins," R.E.

Hileman, J.R. Fromm, J.M. Weiler, R.J. Linhardt, BioEssays, 20, 156-167, 1998. 185. "Affinity Capillary Electrophoresis Employing Immobilized Glycosaminoglycan to Resolve Heparin-Binding Peptides," V.A.

VanderNoot, R.E. Hileman, J.S. Dordick, R.J. Linhardt, Electrophoresis, 19, 437-441, 1998. 186. "Differential Interactions of Heparin and Heparan Sulfate Glycosaminoglycans with the Selectins. Implications for the Use

of Unfractionated and Low Molecular Weight Heparins as Therapeutic Agents," A. Koenig, K. Norgard-Sumnicht, R.J. Linhardt, A. Varki, Journal of Clinical Investigation, 101, 877-889, 1998.

187. "Interaction of Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor with Heparin Inhibits Proteases Involved in Asthma," M.A. Fath, X.

Wu, R.E. Hileman, R.J. Linhardt, M.A. Kashem, R.M. Nelson, C. Wright, W.M. Abraham, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 273, 13563-13569, 1998.

188. "Sensitive Method for the Quantification of β-Glucuronidase Activity in Human Urine Using Capillary Electrophoresis with

Fluorescence Detection," X. Wu, D. Loganathan, R.J. Linhardt, Journal of Chromatography B, 708, 61-66, 1998. 189. "Highly Swelling Hydrogels from Ordered Galactose-Based Polyacrylates," B.D. Martin, R.J. Linhardt, J.S. Dordick,

Biomaterials, 19, 69-76, 1998. 190. "Conformational Changes and Anticoagulant Activity of Chondroitin Sulfate Following its O-Sulfonation," T. Maruyama, T.

Toida, T. Imanari, G. Yu, R.J. Linhardt, Carbohydrate Research, 306, 35-43, 1998. 191. "Characterization of a Bacteroides Species from Human Intestine that Degrades Glycosaminoglycans," M.Y. Ahn, K.H. Shin,

D.-H. Kim, E.-A. Jung, T. Toida, R.J. Linhardt, Y.S. Kim, Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 44, 423-429, 1998. 192. "Stereospecific Synthesis of α-C-Glycosyl derivatives (“α-C-Glycosides”) of N-Acetylneuraminic Acid by Samarium-

Mediated Reductive Desufonylation of a Glycosyl Phenylsulfone," Y. Du, R.J. Linhardt, Carbohydrate Research, 308, 161-164, 1998.

193. "Determination of the Structure of Oligosaccharides Prepared from Acharan Sulfate," Y.S. Kim, M.Y. Ahn, S.J. Wu, D.-H.

Kim, T. Toida, L.M. Teesch, Y. Park, G. Yu, J. Lin, R.J. Linhardt, Glycobiology, 8, 869-877, 1998. 194. "Synthesis of Sucrose-Based Surfactants Through Regioselective Sulfonation of Acylsucrose and the Nucleophilic Opening

of a Sucrose Cyclic Sulfate," H.G. Bazin, T. Polat, R.J. Linhardt, Carbohydrate Research, 309, 189-205, 1998. 195. "Conformational Study of Synthetic Δ4-Uronate Monosaccharide and Glycosaminoglycan-derived Disaccharides," H.G.

Bazin, I. Capila, R.J. Linhardt, Carbohydrate Research, 309,135-144, 1998. 196. "Recent Advances in Stereoselective C-Glycoside Synthesis," Y. Du, R.J. Linhardt, Tetrahedron, 54, 9913-9959, 1998. 197. "The Stereospecific Synthesis of KDN α-C-glycosides by Samarium Mediated Reductive Desufonylation of Glycosyl

Phenylsulfone," Y. Du, T. Polat, R.J. Linhardt, Tetrahedron Letters, 39, 5007-5010, 1998. 198. "Isolation and Characterization of β-Cyclodextrin Sulfates by Preparative Gradient Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis,

Capillary Electrophoresis and Electrospray Ionization- Mass Spectrometry," R. E. Hileman, M.M. Siegel, K. Tabei, K. Balagurunathan, R.J. Linhardt, Electrophoresis, 19, 2677-2681, 1998.

199. "Capillary Affinity Chromatography and Affinity Capillary Electrophoresis of Heparin Binding Proteins," X. Wu, R.J.

Linhardt, Electrophoresis, 19, 2650-2653, 1998.

200. "Chemical Sulfonation and Anticoagulant Activity of Acharan Sulfate," S.J. Wu, M.W. Chun, K.H. Shin, T. Toida, Y. Park, R.J. Linhardt, Y.S. Kim, Thrombosis Research, 92, 273-281, 1998.

201. "Thermodynamic Analysis of Heparin Interaction with a Basic Cyclic Peptide Using Isothermal Titration Calorimetry," R.E.

Hileman, R.N. Jennings, R.J. Linhardt, Biochemistry, 37, 15231-15237, 1998. 202. "Circular Dichroism and Absolute Conformation of Δ4-Uronate Derivatives: a Semi-empirical Rule for Inherent Chiral α-

Alkoxy Acrylates," I.R. Vlahov, H.G. Bazin, R.J. Linhardt, Chemical Communication, 1819-1820, 1998. 203. "Resolution of Glycoproteins by Affinity-Based Reversed Micellar Extraction and Separation," J.-H. Choe, V.A.

VanderNoot, R.J. Linhardt, J.S. Dordick, AIChE Journal, 44, 2542-2548, 1998. 204. "Diversity Does Make a Difference: Fibroblast Growth Factor - Heparin Interactions," S. Faham, R.J. Linhardt, D.C. Rees,

Current Opinions in Structural Biology, 8, 578-586 1998. 205. "A General Method for the Stereospecific Synthesis of C-glycosides of Ulosonic Acids by Samarium-Mediated Reductive

Dechlorination," T. Polat, Y. Du, R.J. Linhardt, Synlett, 11, 1195-1196, 1998. 206. "Regio- and Stereoselective Synthesis of β-D-Gluco-, α-L-Ido- and α-L-Altropyranosiduronic Acids from Δ4-Uronates," H.G.

Bazin, M.W. Wolff, R.J. Linhardt, Journal of Organic Chemistry, 64, 144-152, 1999. 207. "Heparin Binding and Augmentation of C1 Inhibitor Activity," E.E.O. Caldwell, A.M. Andreasen, M.A. Blietz, J. N. Serrahn,

V. VanderNoot, Y. Park, G. Yu, R.J. Linhardt, J.M. Weiler, Archives in Biochemistry and Biophysics, 361, 215-222, 1999. 208. "A Novel Fabrication of Poly (ε-caprolactone) Microspheres from Blends of Poly (ε-caprolactone) and Poly(ethylene

glycol)s," W.J. Lin, D.R. Flanagan, R.J. Linhardt, Polymer 40, 1731-1735, 1999. 209. "Heparinoids: Structure, Biological Activities and Therapeutic Applications," N.S. Gunay, R.J. Linhardt, Planta Medica, 65,

301-306, 1999. 210. "Regiospecific Synthesis of New Methyl Sufoglucopyranoside-Based Surfactants: Nucleophilic Displacement of a Cyclic

Sulfate," H.G. Bazin, R.J. Linhardt, Synthesis, 4, 621-624, 1999. 211. "Interaction of Heparin with Annexin V," I. Capila, V.A. Vander Noot, T.R. Mealy, B.A. Seaton, R.J. Linhardt, FEBS

Letters, 446, 327-330, 1999. 212. "Release and Preparation of Intact and Unreduced N-linked Oligosaccharides from Sf-9 Insect Cells," M. W. Wolff, D. W.

Murhammer, R.J. Linhardt, Preparative Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 29, 1-21, 1999. 213. "Interaction of Soluble and Surface-Bound Heparin Binding Growth-Associated Molecule with Heparin," M. Fath, V.

VanderNoot, I. Kilpeläinen, T. Kinnunen, H. Rauvala, R.J. Linhardt, FEBS Letters, 454, 105-108, 1999. 214. "Preparation and Anticoagulant Activity of Fully O-Sulphonated Glycosaminoglycans," T. Toida, T. Maruyama, Y. Ogita, A.

Suzuki, H. Toyoda, T. Imanari, R.J. Linhardt, International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 26, 233-241, 1999. 215. "Synthesis of a Versatile Neuraminic Acid "C"-Disaccharide Precursor for the Synthesis of C-Glycoside Analogues of

Gangliosides" H.G. Bazin, Y. Du, T. Polat, R.J. Linhardt, Journal of Organic Chemistry, 64, 7254-7259, 1999. 216. "Preparation and Isolation of Neoglycoconjugates Using Biotin-Streptavidin Complexes," B. Kuberan, N.S. Gunay, J.S.

Dordick, R.J. Linhardt, Glycoconjugate Journal, 16, 271-281, 1999. 217. "Production and Chemical Processing of Low Molecular Weight Heparins,", R.J. Linhardt, N. S. Gunay, Seminars in

Thrombosis and Hemostasis, 25, 5-16, 1999. 218. "A New Sulfated β-Galactan From Clams with Anti-HIV Activity," C. Amornrut, T. Toida, T. Imanari, E.R. Woo, H. Park,

R.J. Linhardt, S.J. Wu, Y.S. Kim, Carbohydrate Research, 321, 121-127, 1999. 219. "Heparin Dodecasaccharide Binding to Platelet Factor-4 and Growth-Related Protein-α: Introduction of a Partially Folded

State and Implications for Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia," D. Mikhailov, H.C. Young, R.J. Linhardt, K.H. Mayo, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 274, 25317-25329, 1999.

220. "Purification and Characterization of Heparan Sulphate Proteoglycan from Bovine Brain," Y. Park, G. Yu, N.S. Gunay, R.J.

Linhardt, Biochemical Journal, 344, 723-730, 1999.

221. "Affinity Chromatography Using Enzymatically Synthesized Nucleotide-Containing DNA Binding Polymers," Q. Wang, R.J. Linhardt, J.S. Dordick, Biotechnology Techniques, 13, 463-467, 1999.

222. "Effect of Fully Sulfated Glycosaminoglycans on Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation," H. G. Garg, P.A.M.

Joseph, T. Thompson, C.A. Hales, T. Toida, T. Imanari, I. Capila, R.J. Linhardt, Archives in Biochemistry and Biophysics, 371, 228-233, 1999.

223. "Crystal Structure of Chondroitinase B from Flavobacterium heparinum and its Complex with a Disaccharide Product at 1.7

Å Resolution," W. Huang, A. Matte, Y. Li, Y.S. Kim, R.J. Linhardt, H. Su, M. Cygler, Journal of Molecular Biology, 294, 1257-1269, 1999.

224. "Analysis of Fluorescently Labeled Oligosaccharides by Capillary Electrophoresis and Electrospray Ionization Mass

Spectrometry," M.W. Wolff, H.G. Bazin, R.J. Linhardt, Biotechnology Techniques, 13, 797-801, 1999. 225. "Conformational Behavior of C-Glycosyl Analogues of Sialyl-α-(2,3) Galactose," A. Poveda, J. L. Asensio, T. Polat, H.

Bazin, R.J. Linhardt, J. Jiménez-Barbero, European Journal of Organic Chemistry, 1805-1813, 2000. 226. "Tissue Distribution and Antithrombotic Activity of Unlabeled or 14C-Labelled Porcine Intestinal Mucosal Heparin

Following Administration to Rats by the Oral Route, " L.M. Hiebert, S.M. Wice, T. Ping, R.E. Hileman, I. Capila, R.J. Linhardt, Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 78, 307-320, 2000.

227. Heparin-Binding Growth-Associated Molecule Contains Two Heparin Binding β-Sheet Domains That Are Homologous to

the Thrombospondin Type I Repeat" I. Kilpeläinen, M. Kaksonen, T. Kinnunen, H. Avikainen, R.J. Linhardt, M. Fath, E. Raulo, H. Rauvala, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 275, 13564-13570, 2000.

228. "Inhibition of Neuraminidase with Neuraminic Acid C-Glycosides," Q. Wang, M. Wolff, T. Polat, R.J. Linhardt, Bioorganic

& Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 10, 941-944, 2000. 229. "Carbohydrate Based Vaccines," B. Kuberan, R.J. Linhardt, Current Organic Chemistry, 4, 653-677, 2000. 230. "Purification and Characterization of a Novel Heparinase from Bacteroides stercoris HJ-15, " B.-T. Kim, W.-S. Kim, Y.S.

Kim, R.J. Linhardt, D.-H. Kim, Journal of Biochemistry (Tokyo), 128, 323-328, 2000. 231. "Electrophoretic Analysis of Glycoprotein Glycans Produced by Lepidoteran Insect Cells Infected with an Immediate Early

Recombinant Baculovirus Encoding Mammalian β1,4- Galactosyltransferase," M.W. Wolff, D. W. Murhammer, D.L. Jarvis, R.J. Linhardt, Glycoconjugate Journal, 16, 753-756, 2000.

232. "Electrophoresis for the Analysis of Acidic Oligosaccharides," M. Koketsu, R.J. Linhardt, Analytical Biochemistry, 283, 136-

145, 2000. 233. "Separation of α-Acid Glycoprotein Glycoforms Using Affinity-Based Reversed Micellar Extraction and Separation," J.-H.

Choe, F. Zhang, M.W. Wolff, D.W. Murhammer, R.J. Linhardt, J.S. Dordick, Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 70, 484-490, 2000.

234. "Preparation and Structural Determination of Dermatan Sulfate-Derived Oligosaccharides," H.O. Yang, N.S. Gunay, T.

Toida, B. Kuberan, G. Yu, Y.S. Kim, R.J. Linhardt, Glycobiology, 10, 1033-1040, 2000. 235. "Enzymatic Modification of Heparan Sulfate on a Biochip Promotes Its Interaction with Antithrombin III," M. Hernaiz, J.

Liu, R.D. Rosenberg, R.J. Linhardt, Biochemical Biophysical Research Communications, 276, 292-297, 2000. 236. "Sequencing of 3-O-Sulfate Containing Heparin Decasaccharides with a Partial Antithrombin III Binding Site," Z. Shriver, R.

Raman, G. Venkataraman, K. Drummond, J. Turnbull, T. Toida, R. Linhardt, K. Biemann, R. Sasisekharan, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA), 97, 10359-10364, 2000.

237. "Cleavage of the Antithrombin III Binding Site in Heparin by Heparinase and Its Implications in the Generation of Low

Molecular Weight Heparin," Z. Shriver, M. Sundaram, G. Venkataraman, J. Fareed, R. Linhardt, K. Biemann, R. Sasisekharan, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA), 97, 10365-10370, 2000.

238. "Steroeselective Synthesis of the α-Glycoside of a KDO "C"-Disaccharides," M. Koketsu, B. Kuberan, R.J. Linhardt,

Organic Letters, 2, 3361-3363, 2000.

239. "Crystal Structure of a Ternary FGF-FGFR-Heparin Complex Reveals a Dual Role for Heparin in FGFR Binding and Dimerization," J. Schlessinger, A.N. Plotnikov, O.A. Ibrahimi, A.V. Eliseenkova, B.K. Yeh, A. Yayon, R.J. Linhardt, M. Mohammadi, Molecular Cell, 6, 743-750, 2000.

240. "Heparinase I Acts on a Synthetic Heparin Pentasaccharide Corresponding to the Antithrombin III Binding Site," G. Yu, L.

LeBrun, N.S. Gunay, D. Hoppensteadt, J. Walenga, J. Fareed, R.J. Linhardt, Thrombosis Research, 100, 549-556, 2000. 241. "Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Dermatan Sulfate Oligosaccharides as Arylsulfatase B and α-L-Iduronidase Inhibitors," F.

Dasgupta, R.I. Masada, C.M. Starr, B. Kuberan, H.-O. Yang, R.J. Linhardt, Glycoconjugate Journal 17, 827-832, 2000. 242. "Probing the Interaction of Dengue Virus Envelope Protein with Heparin: Assessment of Glycosaminoglycan-Derived

Inhibitors," R.M. Marks, H. Lu, R. Sundaresan, T. Toida, A. Suzuki, T. Imanari, M.J. Hernáiz, R. J. Linhardt, Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 44, 2178-2187, 2001.

243. "Active Site of Chondroitin AC Lyase Revealed by the Structure of Enzyme-Oligosaccharide Complexes and Mutagenesis,"

W. Huang, L. Boju, L. Tkalec, H. Su, H.O. Yang, N.S. Gunay, R.J. Linhardt, Y.S. Kim, A. Matte, M. Cygler, Biochemistry, 40, 2359-2372, 2001.

244. "Interaction of the N-Terminal Domain of Apolipoprotein E4 with Heparin," J. Dong, C.A. Peters-Libeu, K.H. Weisgraber,

B.W. Segelke, B. Rupp, I. Capila, M.J. Hernáiz, L.A. LeBrun, R.J. Linhardt, Biochemistry, 40, 2826-2834, 2001. 245. "X-ray Diffraction and High-Resolution NMR Spectroscopic Analysis of 2,4,7,8-tetra-O-acetyl-3-deoxy-α-D-manno-2-

octulopyranosidonon-1,5-lactone," M. Koketsu, R.J. Linhardt, Carbohydrate Research, 330, 145 - 147, 2001. 246. "Annexin V-Heparin Oligosaccharide Complex Suggests Heparan Sulfate-Mediated Assembly on Cell Surfaces," I. Capila,

M.J. Hernáiz, Y.D. Mo, T.R. Mealy, B. Campos, R.J. Linhardt B.A. Seaton, Structure, 9, 57-64, 2001. 247. "Degradation of Heparan Sulfate with Heparin Lyases," L.A. LeBrun, R.J. Linhardt, in Methods in Molecular Biology,

Proteoglycan Protocols: Current Methods and Applications, Vol. 171, R.V. Iozzo, ed., Humana Press, Totowa, NJ, Chap. 35, pp 353-361, 2001.

248. "Degradation of Chondroitin Sulfate and Dermatan Sulfate with Chondroitin Lyases," M.J. Hernáiz, R.J. Linhardt, in

Methods in Molecular Biology, Proteoglycan Protocols: Current Methods and Applications, Vol. 171, R.V. Iozzo, ed., Humana Press, Totowa, NJ, Chap. 36, pp 363-371, 2001.

249. "Affinity Purification of Secreted Alkaline Phosphatase Produced by the Baculovirus Expression Vector System," F. Zhang,

M.W. Wolff, D. Williams, K. Busch, S.C. Lang, D.W. Murhammer, R.J. Linhardt, Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 90, 125-136, 2001.

250. "Enzymatic Preparation of Heparin Disaccharides as Building Blocks in Glycosaminoglycan Synthesis," Y.S. Kim, C.

Thanawiroon, H.G. Bazin, R.J. Kerns, R.J. Linhardt, Preparative Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 31, 113-124, 2001. 251. "Expression of C1 Esterase Inhibitor by the Baculovirus Expression System: Preparation, Purification and Characterization,"

M.W. Wolff, F. Zhang, J.J. Roberg, E.E.O. Caldwell, P.R. Kaul, J.N. Serrahn, D.W. Murhammer, R.J. Linhardt, J.M. Weiler Protein Expression and Purification, 22 414-421, 2001.

252. "Isolation and Preparation of Dermatan Sulfate Oligosaccharides" G. Yu, G. Huashi, R. J. Linhardt, Q. Wang, H.-O. Yang,

T. Toida, Journal of the Ocean University of Qingdao, 31, 849-854, 2001. 253. "Certain High Molecular Weight Heparin Chains Have Affinity for Vitronectin," R.E. Edens, L.A. LeBrun, J.M. Weiler, R.J.

Linhardt, P.R. Kaul, Archives in Biochemistry and Biophysics, 391, 278-285, 2001. 254. "Direct Measurement of the Interaction of Glycosaminoglycans and a Heparin Decasaccharide with Malaria

Circumsporozoite Protein," D. Rathore, T. F. McCutchan, M. J. Hernáiz, L.A. LeBrun, S.C. Lang, R.J. Linhardt, Biochemistry, 40, 11518-11524, 2001.

255. "Anticoagulant and Antiprotease Profiles of a Novel Natural Heparinomimetic Mannopentaose Phosphate Sulfate (PI-88),"

M. Demir, O. Iqbal, D.A. Hoppensteadt, P. Piccolo, S. Ahmad, C.L. Schultz, R.J. Linhardt, J. Fareed Clinical Applications in Thrombosis and Hemostasis, 7, 131-140, 2001.

256. "Order out of complexity; protein structures that interact with heparin," B. Mulloy, R.J. Linhardt, Current Opinions in

Structural Biology, 11, 623-628, 2001.

257. "New Insights into the Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycan binding Activity of Apolipoprotein E4," C. Peters-Libeu, S. Lund-Katz, M. Phillips, S. Wehrli, M. J. Hernáiz, I. Capila, R.J. Linhardt, R. Raffai, Y. M. Newhouse, M., F. Zhou, K. H. Weisgraber, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 276, 39138-39142, 2001.

258. "Preparation and Structure-Activity Differences of Low Molecular Weight Heparins (LMWH)," G. Yu, G. Huashi, X. Jiamin,

Q. Wang, R.J. Linhardt, Journal of Ocean University of Qingdao, 31, 673-680, 2001. 259. "Structural Basis for interaction of FGF-1, FGF-2 and FGF-7 with different heparan sulfate motifs", S. Ye, Y. Luo, W. Lu,

R.B. Jones, K.A. Mohamedali, R.J. Linhardt, I. Capila, T. Toida, M. Kan, H. Pelletier, W.L. McKeehan, Biochemistry, 40, 14429-14439, 2001.

260. "Hydrolysis of Heparinase I to Synthetic Heparin-Pentasaccharide and Effect on its Anti-Factor Xa Activity," G. Yu, G.

Huashi, R. J. Linhardt, J. Fareed, Journal of the Ocean University of Qingdao, 31, 529-535, 2001. 261. "Localization and Characterization of Acharan Sulfate in the Body of the Giant African Snail Achatina fulica", J. Jeong, T.

Toida, I. Kosiishi, T. Imanari, R.J. Linhardt, S.J. Wu, Y.S. Kim, Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology (Part B), 130, 513-519, 2001.

262. "Synthesis and Applications of Sucrose-Based Esters," T. Polat, R. J. Linhardt, Journal of Surfactants and Detergents, 4,

415-421, 2001. 263. "Properties of Carbohydrates," H.G. Bazin, R.J. Linhardt, in Glycoscience: Chemistry and Chemical Biology, B. Fraser-Reid,

K. Tatsuta, J. Thiem, eds., Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, Chapter 1.2, pp 53-61, 2001. 264. "Separation and Purification of Carbohydrates," H.G. Bazin, R.J. Linhardt, in Glycoscience: Chemistry and Chemical

Biology, B. Fraser-Reid, K. Tatsuta, J. Thiem, eds., Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, Chapter 1.3, pp 64-74, 2001. 265. "Esterase Mediated Regioselective Deacetylation of Ulosonic Acids," B. Kuberan, Q. Wang, M. Koketsu, R.J. Linhardt,

Synthetic Communications, 32, 1421-1426, 2002. 266. "The Effect of Dissolved Oxygen (DO) Concentration on the Glycosylation of Recombinant Protein Produced by the Insect

Cell-Baculovirus System," F. Zhang, M.A. Saarinen, L.J. Itle, S.C. Lang, D.W. Murhammer, R.J. Linhardt, Biotechnology & Bioengineering, 77, 219-224, 2002.

267. "Heparin-Protein Interactions," I. Capila, R.J. Linhardt, Angewandte Chemie Int. Ed., 41, 390-412, 2002; Angewandte

Chemie 114, 426-450, 2002 268. "Preparation of Bovine Lung Heparin Oligosaccharides," G. Yu, Q. Wang , G. Huashi, X. Jiamin, R. J. Linhardt, Journal of

the Ocean University of Qingdao, 32, 231-235, 2002, 269. "Purification and Characterization of Heparan Sulfate Peptidoglycans from Bovine Liver," M.J. Hernáiz, H.O. Yang, N.S.

Gunay, R.J. Linhardt, Carbohydrate Polymers, 48, 153-160, 2002. 270. "Pretreatment Procedure for the Microdetermination of Chondroitin Sulfate in Plasma and Urine," S. Sakai, J. Onose, H.

Nakamura, H. Toyoda, T. Toida, Toshio Imanari, R. J. Linhardt. Analytical Biochemistry, 302, 169-174, 2002. 271. "Capillary Electrophoresis for the Analysis of Glycosaminoglycans and Glycosaminoglycan-Derived Oligosaccharides," W.J.

Mao, C. Thanawiroon, R.J. Linhardt, Biomedical Chromatography, 16, 77-94, 2002. 272. "Determination of the Composition of the Oligosaccharide Phosphate Fraction of Pichia holstii NRRL Y-2448

Phosphomannan by Capillary Electrophoresis and HPLC," V. Ferro, C. Li, K. Fewings, M.C. Palermo, D. Podger, R.J. Linhardt, T. Toida, Carbohydrate Research, 337, 139-146, 2002.

273. "Structural Studies on κ-Carrageenan Derived Oligosaccharides," G. Yu, H. Guan, A.S. Ioanoviciu, S.A. Sikkander, C.

Thanawiroon, J. K. Tobacman, T. Toida, R. J. Linhardt. Carbohydrate Research, 337, 433-440, 2002. 274. "Enhancement of Paracellular Transport of Heparin Disaccharide Across Caco-2 Cell Monolayers, " S. Y. Cho, J. S. Kim, H.

Li, C. Shim, R. J. Linhardt, Y. S. Kim, Archives Pharmacal Research, 25, 86-92 2002. 275. "Human Single Chain Antibodies Against Heparin: Selection, Characterization and Effect on Coagulation, " E.M.A. van de

Westerlo, T.F.C.M. Smetsers, M.A.B.A. Dennissen, R.J. Linhardt, J.H. Veerkamp, G.N.P. van Muijen, T.H. van Kuppevelt, Blood, 99, 2427-2433, 2002.

276. "Molecular and Biochemical Profiling of a Heparin-Derived Oligosaccharide, C3" Q. Ma, B. Dudas, A. Daud, O. Iqbal, D. Hoppensteadt, W. Jeske, U. Cornelli, J. Lee, S. Lorens, R. Mervis, I. Hanin, I. Capila, R. Linhardt, J. Fareed, Thrombosis Research, 105, 303-309, 2002.

277. "Tissue Distribution [14C] Sucrose Octasulfate Following Oral Administration to Rats, " L.M. Hiebert, S.M. Wice, T. Ping,

R.E. Hileman, T. Polat, R.J. Linhardt, Pharmaceutical Research, 19, 838-844, 2002. 278. "Enzyme Kinetics and Glycan Structural Characterization of Secreted Alkaline Phosphatase Prepared Using the Baculovirus

Expression Vector System," F. Zhang, D.W. Murhammer, R.J. Linhardt, Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 101, 197-210, 2002.

279. "Role of Arginine 292 in the Catalytic Activity of Chondroitin AC Lyase from Flavobacterium heparinum," I. Capila, Y.

Wu, D. W. Rethwisch, A. Matte, M. Cygler, R.J. Linhardt, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1597, 260-270, 2002. 280. "Inhibition of Apolipoprotein E- Related Neurotoxicity by Glycosaminoglycans and their Oligosaccharides," H. G. Bazin, M.

A. Marques, A. P. Owens, R.J. Linhardt, K. A. Krutcher, Biochemistry, 41, 8203-8211, 2002. 281. "A Highly Stable Covalent Conjugated Heparin Biochip for Heparin-Protein Interaction Studies," F. Zhang, M. Fath, R.

Marks, R. J. Linhardt, Analytical Biochemistry, 304, 271-273, 2002. 282. "Synthesis and Application of Carbohydrate-Containing Polymers," Q. Wang, J. S. Dordick, R. J. Linhardt, Chemistry of

Materials, 14, 3232-3244, 2002. 283. "Characterization of a Heparan Sulfate Octasaccharide that Binds to Herpes Simplex Viral Type 1 Glycoprotein D," J. Liu, Z.

Shriver, R.M. Pope, S.C. Thorp, C.S. Raska, K. Yoshida, R.J. Eisenberg, G. Cohen, R.J. Linhardt, R. Sasisekharan, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 277, 33456-33467, 2002.

284. "Structural Basis for the Activation of Sucrose Octasulfate," B. K. Yeh, A. N. Plotnikov, A. V. Eliseenkova, D. Green, J.

Pinnel, T. Polat, A. Gritli-Linde, R. J. Linhardt, M. Mohammadi, Molecular and Cellular Biology, 22, 7184-7192, 2002. 285. "Heparin Oligosaccharide Sequence and Size Essential for Inhibition of Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cell

Proliferation," H.G. Garg, N. Cindhuchao, C. A. Hales, C. Thanawiroon, I. Capila, R. J. Linhardt, Carbohydrate Research, 337, 2359-2364, 2002.

286. "Patents related to Dengue Virus Infection," M. Warda, R. M. Marks. R. J. Linhardt, Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents,

12, 1127-1144, 2002. 287. "Further evidence that periodate cleavage of heparin occurs primarily through the antithrombin binding site." T. Islam, M.

Butler, S. A. Sikkander, T. Toida , R.J. Linhardt, Carbohydrate Research, 337, 2239-2243, 2002. 288. "Characterization of Heparin Binding by a Peptide from Amyloid P Component using Capillary Electrophoresis, Surface

Plasmon Resonance, and Isothermal Titration Calorimetry," M. J. Hernáiz, L. A. LeBrun, Y. Wu, J. W. Sen, R. J. Linhardt, N. H. H. Heegaard, European Journal of Biochemistry, 269, 2860-2867, 2002.

289. "Identification of the Capsular Polysaccharides of Type D and F Pasteurella multocida as Unmodified Heparin and

Chondroitin, Respectively." P. L. DeAngelis, N. S. Gunay, T. Toida, W.-J. Mao, and R. J. Linhardt, Carbohydrate Research, 337, 1547-1552, 2002.

290. "Characterization of Polysaccharide Interactions", C. Thanawiroon, W.J. Mao, R.J. Linhardt in Affinity Capillary

Electrophoresis in Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, R.H.H. Neubert, H.H. Rüttinger, Eds., Marcel Dekker, New York, Chap. 11, pp 265-301, 2002.

291. "Analysis of Glycosaminoglycans by Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis", C. Thanawiroon, W.J. Mao, R.J. Linhardt in

Analytical Chemistry: Analytical Techniques to Evaluate Structure and Function of Natural Polysaccharides and Glycosaminoglycans, N. Volpi, ed., Research Signpost, Kerala, India, 53-78, 2002.

292. "Preparation and Anticoagulant Activity of Phosphosulfomannan PI-88," G. Yu, N.S. Gunay, R.J. Linhardt, T. Toida, J.

Fareed, D.A. Hoppensteadt, H. Shadid, V. Ferro, C. Li, K. Fewings, M.C. Palermo, D. Podger, European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 37, 783-791, 2002.

293. "LaPSvS1, a (1→3)-β-Galactan Sulfate and its Effect on Angiogenesis In Vivo and In Vitro," J. Bürgermeister, D.H. Paper,

H. Vogl, R.J. Linhardt, G. Franz, Carbohydrate Research 337, 1459-1466, 2002.

294. "Conductivity Detection for Molecular Mass Estimation of Per-O-Sulfonated Glycosaminoglycans Separated by high-Performance Size Exclusion Chromatography" A. Chaidedgumjorn, A. Suzuki, H. Toyoda, T. Toida, T. Imanari and R. J. Linhardt, Journal of Chromatography A, 959, 95-102, 2002.

295. "Synthesis of Sulfosucrose Derivatives for Evaluation as Regulators of Fibroblast Growth Factor Activity," T. Polat, M.

Mohammadi, R.J. Linhardt, Tetrahedron Letters, 43, 8047-8049, 2002. 296. "Ultra-High Resolution Separation Comes of Age, " R.J. Linhardt, T. Toida, Science, 298, 1441-1442, 2002. 297. "Characterization of Glycosaminoglycans by Capillary Electrophoresis," R.J. Linhardt, T. Toida, in Capillary

Electrophoresis of Oligosaccharides and Complex Carbohydrates, S. Honda, P. Thibault, Eds. Humana Press, Totawa, NJ, pp. 133-146, 2003.

298. "Heparin as a Potential Therapeutic Agent to Reverse Vascular Remodeling" H. Garg, B.T. Thompson, R.J. Linhardt, CA

Hales, in Proteoglycans and Lung Disease, H. G. Garg, P. J. Roughley, C. A. Hales (Eds.), Chapter 18, 377-398, 2003. 299. "Turkey intestine as a commercial source of heparin? Comparative structural studies of intestinal avian and mammalian

glycosaminoglycans," M. Warda, W. Mao, T. Toida, R.J. Linhardt, Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B, 134, 189-197, 2003.

300. "Zinc Triflate-Benzoyl Bromide: A Versatile Reagent for the Conversion of Ether into Benzoate Protecting Groups and Ether

Glycosides into Glycosyl Bromides," T. Polat, R. J. Linhardt, Carbohydrate Research, 338, 447-449, 2003. 301. "Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Neuraminic Acid Containing C-Glycoside Polymers," Q. Wang, J. S. Dordick, R. J. Linhardt,

Organic Letters, 5,1187-1189, 2003. 302. "Synthesis of Serine-Based Neuraminic Acid C-Glycoside," Q. Wang, R.J. Linhardt, Journal of Organic Chemistry, 68, 2668

-2672, 2003. 303. "Suppression of Tumor growth by a New Glycosaminoglycan Isolated from African Giant Snail Achatina fulica," Y. S. Lee,

K. H. Shin, D. K. Oh, R. J. Linhardt, Y. S. Kim, European Journal of Pharmacology, 465, 191-198, 2003. 304. "Synthesis of a C-Glycoside Analog of sTn: an HIV and Tumor Associated Antigen," B. Kuberan, S.A. Sikkander, H.

Tomiyama and R.J. Linhardt, Angewandte Chemie Int. Ed., 42, 2073-2075, 2003; Angewandte Chemie 115, 2119-2121, 2003.

305. "Evaluation of Counter-Ions for Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectral Analysis of Highly Sulfated Carbohydrates," N.S.

Gunay, K. Tadano-Aritomi, T. Toida, I. Ishizuka, R.J. Linhardt, Analytical Chemistry, 75, 3226-3231, 2003. 306. "Perspective: 2003 Claude S. Hudson Award Address in Carbohydrate Chemistry. Heparin: Structure and Activity, " R. J.

Linhardt, Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 46, 2551-2554, 2003. 307. "Distribution of N-Acetylneuraminic Acid and Sialylglycan in Eggs of Silky Fowl," M. Koketsu, E. Sakuragawa, R.J.

Linhardt, H. Ishihara, Brittish Journal of Poultry Science, 44, 145-148, 2003. 308. "Structure and Bioactivity of Sulfated Polysaccharides," T. Toida, R.J. Linhardt, Trends in Glycoscience and

Glycotechnology, 15, 29-46, 2003. 309. "Recent Chemical and Enzymatic Approaches to the Synthesis of Glycosaminoglycan Oligosaccharides," N.A. Karst, R.J.

Linhardt, Current Medicinal Chemistry, 10, 1993-2031, 2003. 310. "Separation of a Complex Mixture of Heparin-Derived Oligosaccharides Using Reversed-Phase High Performance Liquid

chromatography", C. Thanawiroon, R.J. Linhardt Journal of Chromatography A, 1014, 215-223, 2003. 311. "Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Potential of Glycosaminoglycans and Related Saccharides," T. Islam, R.J.

Linhardt, in Carbohydrate-Based Drug Discovery, C.H. Wong, Ed. Wiley-VCH Press, Weinheim, Germany, Chapter 15, pp. 407-439, 2003.

312. "Dialkyl Imidazolium Benzoates – Room Temperature Ionic Liquids useful in the Peracetylation and Perbenzoylation of

Simple and Sulfated Saccharides," S. Murugesan, N. Karst, T. Islam, J.M. Wiencek, R.J. Linhardt, Synlett, 9, 1283-1286, 2003.

313. "Capillary Electrophoretic Separation of Heparin-Derived Oligosaccharides Under Conditions Amenable MS Detection,"

N.S. Gunay, R.J. Linhardt Journal of Chromatography A, 1014, 225-233, 2003.

314. "Synthetic Oligosaccharides as Heparin-Mimetics Displaying Anticoagulant Properties," F. Y. Avci, N. A. Karst, R. J.

Linhardt, Current Pharmaceutical Design, 9 2323-2335, 2003. 315. "Chondroitin O-methyl ester: an unusual substrate for chondroitin AC lyase," F. Y. Avci, T. Toida, R. J. Linhardt,

Carbohydrate Research, 338, 2101-2104, 2003. 316. "Cellular Binding of Hepatitis C Virus Envelope Glycoprotein E2 Requires Cell Surface Heparan Sulfate," H. Barth, C.

Schäfer, M.I. Adah, F. Zhang, R.J. Linhardt, H. Toyoda, A. Kinoshita-Toyoda, T. Toida, T. H. van Kuppevelt, E. Depla, F. von Weizsäcker, H.E. Blum, T.F. Baumert, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 278, 41003 – 41012, 2003.

317. "Molecular Mechanism of Host Specificity in Plasmodium falciparum Infection: Role of Circumsporozoite Protein," D.

Rathore, S. C. L. Hrstka, J. B. Sacci, P. de la Vega, R.J. Linhardt, S. Kumar, T.F. McCutchan, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 278, 40905 – 40910, 2003.

318. "Sulfation Patterns in Heparin and Heparan Sulfate: Effects on the Proliferation of Bovine Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle

Cells," H. G. Garg, L. Yu, C.A. Hales, T. Toida, T. Islam, R. J. Linhardt, Biochimical Biophysical Acta, 1639, 225-231, 2003.

319. "The First Total Synthesis of Calabricoside A," Y. Du, G. Wei, R. J. Linhardt, Tetrahedron Letters, 44, 6887-6890, 2003. 320. "Synthesis of Saponins Using Partially Protected Glycosyl Donors," Y. Du, G. Gu, G. Wei, Y. Hua, R. J. Linhardt Organic

Letters, 5, 3627-3630, 2003. 321. "Sulfo-Protected Hexosamine Monosaccharides: Potentially Versatile Building Blocks for Glycosaminoglycan Synthesis," N.

A. Karst, T. F. Islam, R. J. Linhardt, Organic Letters, 5, 4839-4842, 2003. 322. "Engineering Interferon-Alpha for Targeted Delivery," S. C. L. Hrstka, P. Yoder, J. M. Weiler, and R. J. Linhardt,

Proceedings of the Conference on Advances in Structure, Function and Stability in Pharmaceuticals and Biologics II, AIChE Meeting, November 16-21, 2003, Omnipress, Madison, WI.

323. "Enhancement of Heparin an Heparin Disaccharide Absorption by the Phytolacca americana Saponins," S. Y. Cho, J.-S.

Sim, C.-S. Jeong, S. S. Kang, R. J. Linhardt, Y. S. Kim Archives of Pharmacal Research, 26, 1102-1108, 2003. 324. "LC/MS Sequencing of Highly Sulfated Heparin-Derived Oligosaccharides" C. Thanawiroon, K. G. Rice, T. Toida, R.J.

Linhardt Journal of Biological Chemistry, 279, 2608-2615 2004. 325. "Proline to Arginine Mutations in FGF Receptors 1 and 3 Result in Pfeiffer and Muenke Craniosyntosis Syndromes Through

the Enhancement of FGF Binding Affinity," O.A. Ibrahimi, F. Zhang, A. V. Eliseenkova, R. J. Linhardt, M. Mohammadi Human and Molecular Genetics, 13, 69-78, 2004.

326. "Insights Into the Molecular Basis for FGF Receptor Autoinhibition and Ligand binding Promiscuity," S. K. Olsen, O. A.

Ibrahimi, A. Raucci, F. Zhang, A. V. Eliseenkova, A. Yayon, C. Basilico, R. J. Linhardt, J. Schlessinger, M. Mohammadi, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 101, 935-940, 2004.

327. "Sialic Acid Donors: Chemical Synthesis and Glycosylation," D. K. Ress, R. J. Linhardt, Current Organic Synthesis, 1, 31-

46, 2004. 328. "Isolation and characterization of raw heparin from dromedary intestine: evaluation of a new source of pharmaceutical

heparin," M. Warda, E. M. Gouda, T. Toida, L. Chi, R. J. Linhardt, Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C, 136 357-365, 2004.

329. "High Resolution Crystal Structure of Arthrobacter aurescens Chondroitinase AC Complexed with Chondroitin Sulfate

Defines the Catalytic Mechanism," V. V. Lunin, Y. Li, R.J. Linhardt, H. Miyazono, M. Kyogashima, M. Cygler, Journal of Molecular Biology, 337, 367-386, 2004.

330. "Identification and Characterization of a Glycosaminoglycan Recognition Element of the C Chemokine Lymphotactin," F. C.

Peterson, E. S. Elgin, T. J. Nelson, F. Zhang, T. J. Hoeger, R. J. Linhardt, B. F. Volkman, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 279, 12598-12604, 2004.

331. "Total Synthesis of Quercetin 3-Sophorotrioside," Y. Du, G. Wei, R. J. Linhardt, Journal of Organic Chemistry, 69, 2206-

2209, 2004.

332. "Structural Determinants of Heparan Sulfate Interactions With Slit Proteins," F. Zhang, F. Ronca, R.J. Linhardt, R.U. Margolis, Biochemical Biophysical Research Communications, 317, 352-357, 2004.

333. "Combinatorial Carbohydrate Synthesis" S. N. Baytas, R. J. Linhardt, Mini-Reviews in Organic Chemistry, 1, 27-39, 2004. 334. "Long Duration of Anticoagulant Activity and Protective Effects of Acharan Sulfate in Vivo," D.-W. Li, I. S. Lee, J.-S. Sim,

T. Toida, R. J. Linhardt, Y. S. Kim, Thrombosis Research, 113, 67-73, 2004. 335. "A Kinetic Model for FGF, FGFR and Proteoglycan Signal Transduction Complex Assembly," O. A. Ibrahimi, F. Zhang, S.

C. Lang Hrstka, M. Mohammadi, R. J. Linhardt, Biochemistry, 43, 4724-4730, 2004. 336. "Studies on the effect of calcium in interactions between heparin and heparin cofactor II using surface plasmon resonance,"

F. Zhang, Y. Wu, Q. Ma, D. Hoppensteadt, J. Fareed, R. J. Linhardt, Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis 10, 249-257, 2004.

337. "Crystal Structure and Mutational Analysis of Heparan Sulfate 3-O-Sulfotransferase Isoform 1," S. Thorp, K.A. Lee, M.

Negishi, R.J. Linhardt, J. Liu, L.C. Pedersen, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 279, 25789-25797, 2004. 338. "The structure of chondroitin B lyase complexed with glycosaminoglycan fragments unravels calcium-dependent catalytic

machinery," G. Michel, Y. Li, T. Sulea, R. J. Linhardt, M. Cygler, R. Raman, V. Prabhakar, K. Pojasek, R. Sasisekharan, M. Cygler, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 279, 32882-32896, 2004.

339. "Trifluoroethylsulfonate Protected Monosaccharides in Glycosylation Reactions," N. A. Karst, T. F. Islam, F. Avci, R. J.

Linhardt, Tetrahedron Letters, 45, 6433-6437, 2004. 340. "Previews: Heparin-Induced Cancer Cell Death," R. J. Linhardt, Chemistry & Biology, 11, 420-422, 2004. 341. "Role of Glycosaminoglycans in Cellular Communication," R. J. Linhardt, T. Toida, Accounts of Chemical Research, 37,

431-438, 2004. 342. "Heparin Binding Domains in Vascular Biology," E. M. Munoz, R. J. Linhardt, Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular

Biology, 24, 1549-1557, 2004. 343. "Facile Synthesis of Saponins Containing 2,3-Branched Oligosaccharides by Using Partially Protected Glycosyl Donors," G.

Gu, Y. Du, R. J. Linhardt, Journal of Organic Chemistry, 69, 5497-5500, 2004. 344. "Chondroitin Sulphate Structure Impacts its Immunological Effects on Murine Splenocytes Sensitized with Ovalbumin," H.

Akiyama, S. Sakai, R. J. Linhardt, Y. Goda, T. Toida, T. Maitani, Biochemical Journal, 382, 269-278 2004. 345. "Solid-Phase Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Neuraminic Acid Based C-glycosides," S.N. Baytas, Q. Wang, N.A. Karst,

Dordick J.S., R.J. Linhardt, Journal of Organic Chemistry, 69, 6900-6903, 2004. 346. "New Potent Insecticidal Agent: 4’-Fucosyl Avermectin Derivative," G. Wei, Y. Du R.J. Linhardt, Tetrahedron Letters, 45,

6895-6898, 2004. 347. "Biochemical Analysis of Pathogenic Ligand-Dependent FGFR2 Mutations Suggests Distinct Pathophysiological

Mechanisms for Craniofacial and Limb Abnormalities in Human Skeletal Disorders," O. A. Ibrahimi, F. Zhang, A. V. Eliseenkova, N. Itoh, R. J. Linhardt, M. Mohammadi, Human Molecular Genetics, 13, 2313-2324, 2004.

348. "Metabolic Alteration of the N-Glycan Structure of a Protein from Patients with a Heterozygous Protein Deficiency," F.

Zhang, A. D. Bries, S.C. Lang, Q. Wang, J.M. Weiler, R.J. Linhardt, Biochimica Biophysica Acta, 1739, 43-49, 2004. 349. "Structural Analysis of the Sulfotransferase (3-OST-3) Involved in the Biosynthesis of an Entry Receptor for Herpes Simplex

Virus 1," A.F. Moon, S.C. Edavettal, J.M. Krahn, E.M. Munoz, M. Negishi, R.J. Linhardt, J. Liu, L.C. Pedersen, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 279, 45185-45193, 2004.

350. "Synthetic and natural polysaccharides with anticoagulant properties," F. Zhang, P.G. Yoder, R.J. Linhardt, in

Polysaccharides: Structural Diversity and Functional Versatility, 2nd Edition, S. Dumitriu, Ed., Marcel Dekker, New York, Chapter 33, 773-794, 2004.

351. "Samarium iodide-mediated synthesis of Neu5Ac, KDN, and KDO C-glycosides," C. Chen, D.K. Ress, R.J. Linhardt, In

Syntheses of Glycomimetics, R. Roy, Ed., ACS Symposium Series, Volume 896, Chapter 3, pp 53-80, 2004.

352. "Nucleolin: acharan sulfate-binding protein on the surface of cancer cells," E. J. Joo, T. Toida, R. J. Linhardt, Y. S. Kim, Glycobiology, 15, 1-9, 2005.

353. "Structural characterization of human liver heparan sulfate," P. Vongchan, M. Warda, H. Toyoda, T. Toida, R. M. Marks, R.

J. Linhardt, Biochemica Biophysica Acta, 1721, 1-8, 2005. 354. "Ionic liquids in carbohydrate chemistry – current trends and future directions," S. Murugesan, R. J. Linhardt, Current

Organic Synthesis, 2, 437-451, 2005. 355. "Quantitative analysis of chondroitin sulfate in raw materials, ophthalmic solutions, soft capsules and liquid preparations," J.-

S. Sim, T. Toida, S. Y. Cho, D. W. Choi, S.-Y. Chang, R. J. Linhardt, Y. S. Kim, Journal of Chromatography B, 818, 133-139, 2005.

356. "Analysis of mutations in FGF and a pathogenic mutation in FGFR provide direct evidence in support of the two-end model

for FGFR dimerization," O.A. Ibrahimi, B.K. Yeh, A.V. Eliseenkova, F. Zhang, S.K. Olsen, M. Igarashi, S.A. Aaronson, R.J. Linhardt, M. Mohammadi, Molecular and Cellular Biology, 25, 671-684, 2005.

357. "Characterization of heparan sulfate from the unossified antler of Cervus elaphus, " Y. W. Ha, B. T. Jeon, S. H. Moon, H.

Toyoda, T. Toida, R. J. Linhardt, Y. S. Kim, Carbohydrate Research, 340, 411-416, 2005. 358. "Poly(ethylene glycol)-based biosensor chip to study heparin protein interactions," E.M. Muñoz, H. Yu, J. Hallock, R.E.

Edens, R.J. Linhardt, Analytical Biochemistry, 343, 176-178, 2005. 359. "Mass spectrometry for the analysis of highly charged sulfated carbohydrates," L. Chi, J. Amster, R.J. Linhardt, Current

Analytical Chemistry, 1, 223-240, 2005. 360. "Preparation of hyaluronan O-methylester and its enzymatic degradation," K. Hirano, S. Sakai, T. Ishikawa, F.Y. Avci, R. J.

Linhardt, T. Toida, Carbohydrate Research, 340, 2297-2304, 2005. 361. "Synthesis of double C-Glycoside analog of sTn," D.R. Ress, S.N. Baytas, H Tomiyama, E.M. Muñoz, R.J. Linhardt, Journal

of Organic Chemistry,  70, 8197-8200, 2005. 362. "Kinetic studies on the interaction of heparin and complement proteins using surface plasmon resonance," H. Yu, E.M.

Muñoz, F. Zhang, R.E. Edens, R.J. Linhardt, Biochemica Biophysica Acta, 1726, 168-176, 2005. 363. "Analysis of the biochemical mechanisms for the endocrine actions of FGF23," X. Yu, O. A. Ibrahimi, F. Zhang, S. I. Davis,

H. J. Garringer, R. J. Linhardt, D. M. Ornitz, M. Mohammadi, K. E. White, Endocrinology, 146, 4647-4656, 2005. 364. "Recent advances in the synthesis of C-oligosaccharides," X. Yuan, R. J. Linhardt, Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry, 5,

1393-430, 2005. 365. "Heparin regulation of the complement system," H. Yu, R.E. Edens, R. J. Linhardt, in the Chemistry and Biology of Heparin

and Heparan Sulfate, Elsevier Ltd., Oxford, H. G. Garg, R. J. Linhardt, and C. A. Hales (Eds.), Chapter 11, pp.313-343, 2005.

366. "Influence of heparin chemical modifications on its antiproliferative properties," H. G. Garg, R. J. Linhardt, C. A. Hales, in

the Chemistry and Biology of Heparin and Heparan Sulfate, Elsevier Ltd., Oxford, H. G. Garg, R. J. Linhardt, and C. A. Hales (Eds.), Chapter 18, pp 513-532, 2005.

367. "Chemistry and biology of heparin and heparan sulfate," H. G. Garg, R. J. Linhardt, C. A. Hales (Eds.), Elsevier Ltd.,

Oxford, 2005. 368. "Enzymatic redesigning of biological active heparan sulfate," J. Chen, F.Y. Avci, E. M. Muñoz, L. M. McDowell, M. Chen,

L. C. Pedersen, L. Zhang, R. J. Linhardt, J. Liu, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 280, 42817-42825, 2005. 369. "HClO4-SiO2 catalyzed glycosylation using sugar trichloroacetimidates as glycosyl donors," Y. Du, G. Wei, S. Cheng, Y.

Hua, R. J. Linhardt, Tetrahedron Letters, 47, 307-310, 2006. 370. "Enzymatic synthesis of heparin related polysaccharides on sensor chips: rapid screening of heparin-protein interactions," E.

Muñoz, D. Xu, F. Avci, M. Kemp, J. Liu, R. J. Linhardt, Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 339, 597-602, 2006.

371. "Dromedary glycosaminoglycans: Molecular characterization of camel lung and liver heparan sulfate," M. Warda, R.J.

Linhardt, Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B, 143, 37-43, 2006.

372. "Stereoselective synthesis of cytotoxic anhydrophytosphingosine Pachastrissamine (Jaspine B) from D-xylose," Y. Du, J,

Liu, R.J. Linhardt, Journal of Organic Chemistry, 71, 1251 -1253, 2006. 373. "Benzoate-based room temperature ionic liquids – thermal properties and glycosaminoglycan dissolution," S. Murugesan, J.

M. Wiencek, R.X. Ren R.J. Linhardt, Carbohydrate Polymers, 63, 268-271, 2006. 374. "Structural basis by which alternative splicing modulates the organizer activity of FGF8 in the brain," S. K. Olsen, J. Y. H.

Li, C. Bromleigh, A. V. Eliseenkova, O. A. Ibrahimi, Z. Lao, F. Zhang, R. J. Linhardt, A. L. Joyner, M. Mohammadi, Genes and Development, 20, 185-198, 2006.

375. "Heparin accelerates gelsolin amyloidogenesis," J. Y. Suk, F. Zhang, W. E. Balch, R. J. Linhardt, J. W. Kelly, Biochemistry,

45, 2234-2242, 2006. 376. "Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometric analysis of uncomplexed highly sulfated oligosaccharides

using ionic liquid matrices. T.N. Laremore, S. Murugesan," T.-J. Park, F.Y. Avci, D. V. Zagorevski, R. J. Linhardt, Analytical Chemistry, 78, 1774-1779, 2006.

377. "Preparation of biopolymer fibers using electrospinning from room temperature ionic liquids," G. Viswanathan, S.

Murugesan, V. Pushparaj, O. Nalamasu, P. M. Ajayan and R. J. Linhardt, Biomacromolecules, 7, 415-418, 2006. 378. "Microscale isolation and analysis of heparin from plasma using an anion exchange spin column," F. Zhang, P. Sun, E.

Muñoz, L. Chi, S. Sakai, T. Toida, H. Zhang, S. Mousa R. J. Linhardt, Analytical Biochemistry, 353, 284–286, 2006. 379. "Isolation and characterization of heparan sulfate from various murine tissues," M. Warda, T. Toida, F. Zhang, P. Sun, E.

Munoz, R. J. Linhardt, Glycoconjugate Journal, 23, 553-561, 2006. 380. "Blood compatible carbon nanotubes–nano-based neoproteoglycans," S. Murugesan, T. Park, H. Yang, S. Mousa and R. J.

Linhardt, Langmuir, 22, 3461-3463, 2006. 381. "Preparation and structural determination of large oligosaccharides derived from acharan sulfate," L. Chi, E. M. Muñoz, H. S.

Choi, Y. W. Ha, Y. S. Kim, T. Toida, R. J. Linhardt, Carbohydrate Research, 341 864–869, 2006. 382. "In vivo antithrombotic synergy of oral heparin and arginine: Endothelial thromboresistance without systemic

anticoagulation," B. Daniels, R.J. Linhardt, F. Zhang, W. Mao, S. Wice, L. Hiebert, Thrombosis and Haemostasis, 95, 865-873, 2006.

383. "Affinity, kinetic and structural study of the interaction of 3-O-sulfotransferase isoform 1 with heparan sulfate," E. Muñoz, D. Xu, J. Liu, R. J. Linhardt, Biochemistry, 45, 5122-5118, 2006.

384. "Immunological activity of chondroitin sulfate," T. Toida, S. Sakai, H. Akiyama, R. J. Linhardt, Chondroitin Sulfate

Structure, Role and Pharmacological Activity-Advances in Pharmacology, N. Volpi Ed., Elsevier, Chapter 19, 2006. 385. "Viral and cellular determinants of hepatitis C virus envelope-heparan sulfate interaction," H. Barth, E. K. Schnober, F.

Zhang, R. J. Linhardt, E. Depla, B. Boson, F.-L. Cosset, A. Patel, H. E. Blum, T. F. Baumert, Journal of Virology, 80, 10579-10590, 2006.

386. "CS lyases: Structure, activity and applications in analysis and the treatment of diseases, R.J. Linhardt," F.Y. Avci, T. Toida,

Y.S. Kim, M. Cygler, Chondroitin Sulfate Structure, Role and Pharmacological Activity-Advances in Pharmacology, N. Volpi Ed., Elsevier, Chapter 9, 2006.

387. "Chondroitin sulfate intake inhibits the IgE-mediated allergic response by down regulating Th2 responses in mice," S. Sakai,

H. Akiyama, Y. Sato, Y. Yoshioka, R. J. Linhardt, Y. Goda, T. Maitani, T. Toida, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 281, 19872 - 19880, 2006.

388. "Synthetic sugars enhance the functional glycomics toolkit," J. E. Turnbull, R. J. Linhardt, Nature Chemical Biology, 2, 449-

450, 2006. 389. "Synthetic oligosaccharide stimulates and stabilizes angiogenesis: Structure-function relationships and potential

mechanisms," S.A. Mousa, X. Feng, J. Xie, Y. Du, Y. Hua, H. He, L. O’Connor, R. J. Linhardt, The Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, 48, 6-14, 2006.

390. "Increase in the growth inhibition of bovine pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells by an O-hexanoyl low molecular weight heparin derivative," H. G. Garg, N. Cindhuchao, C. A. Hales, M. Butler, T. Islam, R. J. Linhardt, Carbohydrate Research, 341, 2607–2612, 2006.

391. "Crystallographic analysis of calcium-dependent heparin binding to annexin A2," C. Shao, F. Zhang, M. Kemp, R. J.

Linhardt, J. F. Head, B, A. Seaton, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 281, 31689–31695, 2006. 392. "Ionic liquid derived blood compatible composite membranes for kidney dialysis," S. Murugesan, S. Mousa, A.

Vijayaraghavan, P. M. Ajayan and R. J. Linhardt, Journal of Biomedical Materials Research: Part B - Applied Biomaterials, 79B, 298-304, 2006.

393. "Anti-metastatic effect of non-anticoagulant low molecular weight heparin versus standard low molecular weight heparin," S.

A. Mousa, R. Linhardt, J. L. Francis, A. Amirkhosravi, Thrombosis and Haemostasis, 96, 816-821, 2006. 394. "Synthesis of silica – gold nanocomposites and their porous nanoparticles by in – situ approach," A. Kumar, V. L. Pushparaj,

S. Murugesan, G. Viswanathan, R. J. Linhardt, O. Nalamasu and P. M. Ajayan, Langmuir, 22, 8631-8634, 2006. 395. "The first total synthesis of sporiolide A," Y. Du, Q. Chen, R. J. Linhardt, Journal of Organic Chemistry, 71, 8446-8451,

2006. 396. "Qualitative and quantitative determination of ten major saponins in platycodi radix by high performance liquid

chromatography with evaporative light scattering detection and mass spectrometry," Y. W. Ha, Y.-C. Na, J.-J. Seo, S.-N. Kim, R. J. Linhardt, Y. S. Kim, Journal of Chromatography A, 1135, 27-35, 2006.

397. "Acceptor specificity of the Pasteurella hyaluronan and chondroitin synthases and production of chimeric

glycosaminoglycans," B. S. Tracy, F. Y. Avci, Robert J. Linhardt, and P. L. DeAngelis, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 282, 337–344, 2007.

398. "Glycosylation in room temperature ionic liquid using unprotected and unactivated donors," T.-J. Park, M. Weiwer, X. Yuan,

S. N. Baytas, E. M. Munoz, S. Murugesan, R. J. Linhardt, Carbohydrate Research, 342, 614-620, 2007. 399. "Expression of human liver HSPGs on myeloid leukemia," P. Vongchan, R. J. Linhardt, Clinical Immunology, 122, 194–206,

2007. 400. "Electron detachment dissociation of glycosaminoglycan tetrasaccharides," J. J. Wolff, L. Chi, R. J. Linhardt, I. J. Amster,

Journal of the American Society of Mass Spectrometry, 18, 234-244, 2007.

401. "Quantitative continuous assay for hyaluronan synthase," J. C. Krupa, D. Shaya, L. Chi, R.J. Linhardt, M. Cygler, S. G. Withers, J. S. Mort, Analytical Biochemistry, 361, 218-225, 2007.

402. "Synthesis of tin (II) phosphate open frameworks using isomers of 1, 2-diaminocyclohexane as template," X. Yuan, Y. Xu, X.

You, R. J. Linhardt, European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 858-864, 2007. 403. "Conducting organic-inorganic submicron rods based on ionic liquids," A. Kumar, S. Murugesan, V. L. Pushparaj, C.

Soldano, J. Xie, G. John, O. Nalamasu, P. M. Ajayan, R. J. Linhardt, Small, 3, 429-433, 2007. 404. "New ionic liquid matrix for direct UV-MALDI-TOF-MS analysis of dermatan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate

oligosaccharides," T.N. Laremore, F. Zhang, R. J. Linhardt, Analytical Chemistry, 79, 1604-1610, 2007. 405. "Investigation of the binding mechanism between internalin B and heparin using surface plasmon resonance," S. Lang, M. M.

Kemp, E. M. Muñoz, O. Azizad, M. Banerjee, J. Kumaran, P. Ghosh, R. J. Linhardt, Biochemistry, 46, 2697 -2706, 2007. 406. "Improved matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometric detection of glycosaminoglycan disaccharides as

cesium salts," T.N. Laremore, R.J. Linhardt, Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 21, 1315-1320, 2007. 407. "Molecular weight dependent tissue factor pathway inhibitor release by heparin and heparin oligosaccharides," Q. Ma, M.

Tobu, C. Schultz, W. Jeske, D. Hoppensteadt, J. Walenga, U. Cornelli, J. Lee, R. Linhardt, I. Hanin, J. Fareed, Thrombosis Research, 119, 653-661, 2007.

408. "Carbon inhibits VEGF and FGF promoted angiogenesis," S. Murugesan, S. A. Mousa, L. J. O’Connor, D.W. Lincoln, R. J.

Linhardt, FEBS Letters, 581, 1157-1160, 2007.

409. "Distinguishing glucuronic from iduronic acid in glycosaminoglycan tetrasaccharides by using electron detachment dissociation," J. J. Wolff, L. Chi, R. J. Linhardt, I. J. Amster, Analytical Chemistry, 79, 2015-2022, 2007.

410. "Enzymatic synthesis of glycosaminoglycans: improving on nature," F.Y. Avci, P.L. DeAngelis, J. Liu, R.J. Linhardt, in Frontiers in Carbohydrate Chemistry, ACS Symposium Series 960, A. Demchenko, Ed., Chapter 15, pp 253-284, 2007, Oxford University Press, London.

411. "Kinetic and structural studies on interactions between heparin/heparan sulfate and proteins of the hedgehog signaling

pathway," F. Zhang, J. S. McLellan, A. M. A. Jimenez, D. J. Leahy, R. J. Linhardt, Biochemistry, 46, 3933-3941, 2007. 412. "Synthesis of C-linked neuraminic acid disaccharide: A versatile precursor of C-analogs of oligosialic acids and

gangliosides," X. Yuan, D. K. Ress, R. J. Linhardt, Journal of Organic Chemistry, 72, 3085-3088, 2007. 413. "Molecular insights into the klotho-dependent, endocrine mode of action of FGF19 subfamily members," R. Goetz, A.

Beenken, O. A. Ibrahimi, J. Kalinina, S. K. Olsen, A. V. Eliseenkova, C. F. Xu, T. Neubert, F. Zhang, R. J. Linhardt, X. Yu, K. E. White, T. Inagaki, S. A. Kliewer, M. Yamamoto, H. Kurosu, Y. Ogawa, M. Kuro-o, B. Lanske, M. S. Razzaque, M. Mohammadi, Molecular and Cellular Biology, 27, 3417-3428, 2007.

414. "Facile synthesis of (±)-paeonilide," Y. Du, J Liu, R. J. Linhardt, Journal of Organic Chemistry, 72, 3952-3954, 2007. 415. "Heparin oligosaccharides as potential therapeutic agents in senile dementia," Q. Ma, U. Cornelli, I. Hanin, J. M. Lee, W. P.

Jeske, R. J. Linhardt, J. M. Walenga, J. Fareed, Current Pharmaceutical Design, 13, 1607-1616, 2007. 416. "Matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry analysis of hyaluronan oligosaccharides," S.

Sakai, K. Hirano, H. Toyoda, R. J. Linhardt, T. Toida, Analytica Chimica Acta, 593, 207-213, 2007.

417. "Enzymatic synthesis of glycosaminoglycan heparin," R. J. Linhardt, J. S. Dordick, P. L. DeAngelis, J. Liu, Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis, 33, 453-465, 2007.

418. "Flexible nanocomposite thin film energy storage devices," V. L Pushparaj, S. M. Manikoth, A. Kumar, S. Murugesan, L. Ci,

R. Vajtai, R. J. Linhardt, O. Nalamasu, P. M. Ajayan, Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA 104, 13574-13577, 2007.

419. "Mosquito heparan sulfate and its potential role in malaria infection and transmission," P. Sinnis, A. Coppi, T. Toida, H.

Toyoda, A. Kinoshita-Toyoda, J. Xie M.M. Kemp, R. J. Linhardt, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 282, 25376-25384, 2007. 420. "Combinatorial enzymatic synthesis of heparan sulfate," J.-H. Kim, R. J. Linhardt, Chemistry & Biology, 14, 972-973, 2007. 421. "Thin layer chromatography for the analysis of glycosaminoglycan oligosaccharides," Z. Zhang, J. Xie, F. Zhang, R. J.

Linhardt, Analytical Biochemistry, 371, 118–120, 2007. 422. "Binding between the integrin αXβ2 (CD11c/CD18) and heparin," T. Vorup-Jensen, L. Chi, L. C. Gjelstrup, U. B. Jensen, C.

A. Jewett, C. Xie, M. Shimaoka, R. J. Linhardt, T. A. Springer, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 282, 30869-30877, 2007. 423. "Synthesis of glycosaminoglycans and their oligosaccharides," M. Weiwer, R. J. Linhardt, in Comprehensive Glycosciences,

G. J. Boons, Y. C. Lee, A. Suzuki, N. Taniguchi, A. G. J. Voragen, J.P. Kamerling (eds.) Elsevier BV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Chap 1.18, 713-745, 2007.

424. "Glycomics of proteoglycan biosynthesis in murine embryonic stem cell differentiation," A. V. Nairn, A. Kinoshita-Toyoda,

H. Toyoda, J. Xie, K. Harris, S. Dalton, M. Kulik, J. M. Pierce, T. Toida, K. W. Moremen, R. J. Linhardt, Journal of Proteome Research 6, 4374-4387, 2007.

425. "Enzyme-carbon nanotube conjugates in room temperature ionic liquids," B. Eker, P. Asuri, S. Murugesan, R. J. Linhardt, J.

S. Dordick, Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 143, 153-163, 2007. 426. "Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oral heparin solid dosage form in healthy human subjects," S. A. Mousa, F.

Zhang, A. Aljada, S. Chaturvedi, M. Takieddin, H. Zhang, L. Chi, E. Arbit, M. C. Castelli, M.M. Goldberg, R. J. Linhardt, Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 47, 1508-1520, 2007.

427. "Immobilization of heparin-approaches and applications," S. Murugesan, J. Xie, R. J. Linhardt, Current Topics in Medicinal

Chemistry, 8, 80-100, 2008.

428. "Tandem MS can distinguish hyaluronic acid from N-acetylheparosan," Z. Zhang, J. Xie, J. Liu, R. J. Linhardt, Journal of American Society of Mass Spectrometry, 19, 82-89, 2008.

429. "Conformational analysis of a dermatan sulfate - derived tetrasaccharide by NMR, molecular modeling and residual dipolar

couplings," A. Silipo, Z. Zhang, F. J. Cañada, A. Molinaro, R. J. Linhardt, J. Jiménez-Barbero, ChemBiochem, 9, 240-252, 2008.

430. "Synthesis and evaluation of anticancer vaccine candidate, C-glycoside analogs of sTn and PSA," M. Weïwer, F. Huang, C.-

C. Chen, X. Yuan, K. Tokuzaki, H. Tomiyama, R. J. Linhardt, Chemical Glycobiology, X. Chen, R. L. Halcomb, p. G. Wang, Eds., ACS Press, Chap. 10, pp. 175-195, 2008.

431. "Electron detachment dissociation of dermatan sulfate oligosaccharides," J. J. Wolff, T. N. Laremore, A. M. Busch, R. J.

Linhardt, I. Jonathan Amster, Journal of American Society of Mass Spectrometry, 19, 294-304, 2008. 432. "Structural analysis of bikunin glycosaminoglycan," L. Chi, J. J. Wolff, T. N. Laremore, O. F. Restaino, J. Xie, C. Schiraldi,

T. Toida, I. J. Amster, R. J. Linhardt, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 130, 2617-2625, 2008. 433. "Toll-like receptor 4 mediates induction of inflammatory pathway by food additive carrageenan," S. Bhattacharyya, R. Gill,

M. L. Chen, F. Zhang, R. J. Linhardt, P. K. Dudeja, J. K. Tobacman, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 283, 10550-10558, 2008.

434. "Using a 3-O-sulfated heparan sulfate octasaccharide to inhibit the entry of herpes simplex virus 1", R. Copeland, A.

Balasubramaniam, V. Tiwari, F. Zhang, A. Bridges, R. J. Linhardt, D. Shukla, J. Liu, Biochemistry, 47, 5774–5783, 2008. 435. "Influence of charge state and sodium cationization on the electron detachment dissociation and infrared multiphoton

dissociation of glycosaminoglycan oligosaccharides," J. J. Wolff, T. N. Laremore, A. M. Busch, R. J. Linhardt, I. J. Amster, Journal of the American Society Mass Spectrometry, 19, 790-798, 2008

436. "Is human placenta proteoglycan remodeling involved in pre-eclampsia?" M. Warda, F. Zhang, M. Radwan, Z. Zhang, N.

Kim, Y.N. Kim, R. J. Linhardt, J. Han, Glycoconjugate Journal, 25, 441–450, 2008. 437. "Oversulfated chondroitin sulfate is a major contaminant in heparin associated with adverse clinical events," M. Guerrini, D.

Beccati, Z. Shriver, A. M. Naggi, A. Bisio, I. Capila, J. Lansing, S. Guglieri, B. Fraser, A. Al-Hakim, S. Gunay, K. Viswanathan, Z. Zhang, L. Robinson, G. Venkataraman, L. Buhse, M. Nasr, J. Woodcock, R. Langer, R. J. Linhardt, B. Casu, G. Torri, R. Sasisekharan, Nature Biotechnology, 26, 669-775, 2008.

438. "The effects of culture conditions on the glycosylation of secreted human placental alkaline phosphatase produced in chinese

hamster ovary cells," J. H. Nam, F. Zhang, M. Ermonval, R. J. Linhardt, S. T. Sharfstein, Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 100, 1178-1192, 2008.

439. "Physiological, pathophysiological and therapeutic roles of heparin/heparan sulfate," J. Xie, S. Murugesan, R. J. Linhardt, in

Carbohydrate Chemistry, Biology and Medical Applications. Garg, H.G., Cowman, M.K., Hales, C.A., eds., Chapter 10, 227-251, Elsevier, Oxford, UK, 2008.

440. "Capillary electrophoresis of complex natural polysaccharides, " N. Volpi, F. Maccari, R. J. Linhardt, Electrophoresis, 29,

3095–3106, 2008. 441. "The role of the methoxyphenol apocynin, a vascular NADPH oxidase inhibitor, as a chemopreventative agent in the

potential treatment of cardiovascular diseases," J. Yu, M. Weiwer, R. J. Linhardt, J. S. Dordick, Current Vascular Pharmacology, 6, 204-217, 2008.

442. "Distinct heparan sulfate compositions in wild-type and Pipe-mutant eggshell matrix," Y. Park, Z. Zhang, R.J. Linhardt, E.

K. LeMosy, Fly, 2, 1-5, 2008. 443. "Modification of solid phase red cell adherence assay for the detection of platelet alloantibodies in patients with

thrombocytopenia, " P. Vongchan, W. Nawarawong, R. J. Linhardt, American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 130, 455-66, 2008.

444. "Pharmacological applications of biocompatible carbon nanotubes and their emerging toxicology issues," T.-J. Park, J. G.

Martin, R. J. Linhardt, In Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacological Potential of Fullerenes and Carbon Nanotubes, Franco Cataldo and Tatiana Da Ros (Eds.), Springer Vol. 1, Capter 12, pp 283-316, Topics in Carbon Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2008.

445. "Oversulfated chondroitin sulfate: Impact of a heparin impurity, associated with adverse clinical events, on low molecular weight heparin preparation," Z. Zhang, M. Weïwer, B. Li, M. M. Kemp, T. H. Daman, R. J. Linhardt Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 51, 5498-5501, 2008.

446. "Electron induced dissociation of glycosaminoglycan tetrasaccharides," J. J. Wolff, T. N. Laremore, H. Aslam, R. J. Linhardt,

I. J. Amster, Journal of the American Society of Mass Spectrometry, 19, 1449-1458, 2008. 447. "Solution structures of chemoenzymatically synthesized heparin and its precursors," Z. Zhang, S. A. McCallum, J. Xie, L.

Nieto, F. Corzana, J. Jiménez-Barbero, M. Chen, J. Liu, R. J. Linhardt, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 130, 12998-13007, 2008.

448. "Signal amplification of target protein on heparin glycan microarray," T.-J. Park, M.-Y. Lee, J. S. Dordick, R. J. Linhardt,

Analytical Biochemistry, 383, 116–121, 2008. 449. "Evaluation of the Experimental Parameters which Control Electron Detachment Dissociation, and their Effect on the

Fragmentation Efficiency of Glycosaminolgycan Carbohydrates," F. E. Leach III, J. J. Wolff, T. N. Laremore, R. J. Linhardt, I. J. Amster, International Journal of Mass Spectrometry, 276,110-115, 2008.

450. "Human follicular fluid heparan sulfate contain abundant 3-O-sufated chains with anticoagulant activity," A. I. de Agostini,

J.-C. Dong, C. de Vantéry Arrighi, M.-A. Ramus, I. Dentand-Quadri, S. Thalmann, P. Ventura, V. Ibecheole, F. Monge,A.-M. Fischer, S. HajMohammadi, N. W. Shworak, L. Zhang, Z. Zhang, R. J. Linhardt, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 283, 28115-28124, 2008.

451. "Mass spectrometry for the characterization of unsulfated chondroitin oligosaccharides from 2-mers to 16-mers. Comparison

with hyaluronic acid oligomers," N. Volpi, Z. Zhang, R. J. Linhardt, Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 22, 3526-3530, 2008.

452. "Heparin-cellulose-charcoal composites for drug detoxification prepared using room temperature ionic liquids," T.-J. Park, J.

G. Martin, T. J. Simmons, S. Mousa, E. A. Snezhkova, V. V. Sarnatskaya, V. G. Nikolaev, R. J. Linhardt, Chemical Communications, 5022-5024, 2008.

453. "Synthesis of uridine 5’-diphosphoiduronic acid: A potential substrate for the chemoenzymatic synthesis of heparin," M.

Weïwer, T. Sherwood, D. E. Green, M. Chen, P. L. DeAngelis, J. Liu, R. J. Linhardt, Journal of Organic Chemistry, 73, 7631-7637, 2008.

454. "Glycosaminoglycan binding proteins," J. D. Esko, R.J. Linhardt, In Essentials of Glycobiology, A. Varki, Ed., Cold Spring

Harbor Laboratory, Chapter 35, Second Edition, 2008. 455. "Synthesis of floridoside," M. Weïwer, T. Sherwood, R. J. Linhardt, Journal of Carbohydrate Chemistry, 27, 420 - 427,

2008. 456. "Variation of acharan sulfate and monosaccharide composition and analysis of neutral N-glycans in african giant snail

(Acatina fulica)." Y. Park, Z. Zhang, T. N. Laremore, B. Li, J.-S. Sim, A.-R. Im, M. Y. Ahn, Y. S. Kim, R.J. Linhardt Glycoconjugate Journal, 25, 863-877, 2008.

457. "Significance of 2-O-sulfonate group of L-iduronic acid residues in heparin on the growth inhibition of bovine pulmonary

artery smooth muscle cells," H. G.Garg, H. Mrabat, L. Yu, C. Freeman, B. Li, F. Zhang, R. J. Linhardt, C. A. Hales, Carbohydrate Research, 343, 2406−2410, 2008.

458. "Stereoselective synthesis of a C-linked neuraminic acid disaccharide: potential building block for the synthesis of C-analogs

of polysialic acids," J.-H. Kim, F. Huang, M. Ly, R. J. Linhardt, Journal of Organic Chemistry, 73, 9497–9500, 2008. 459. "Biological profile of hyper/oversulfated chondroitin sulfate contaminant isolated from recalled heparin," J. Fareed, J.M.

Walenga, W. Jeske, D. Hoppensteadt, M. Prechel, O. Iqbal, C. Adiguzel, M. Clark, E., Latinas, J. Cunanan, R. J. Linhardt, J. Harenberg, Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis, 34,119-127 2008

460. "Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to study chondroitin lyase action pattern," Z. Zhang, Y. Park, M. M. Kemp, W.

Zhao, A.-R. Im, D. Shaya, M. Cygler, Y. S. Kim, R. J. Linhardt, Analytical Biochemistry, 385, 57-64, 2009. 461. "Electron capture dissociation, electron detachment dissociation, and infrared multiphoton dissociation of sucrose

octasulfate," J. J.Wolff, T. N.Laremore, F. E.Leach, R. J. Linhardt, I. Amster, European Journal of Mass Spectrometry, 15, 275–281, 2009.

462. "Ionic liquid-mediated selective extraction of lignin from wood leading to enhanced enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis," S.-H. Lee, T. V. Doherty, R. J. Linhardt, J. S. Dordick, Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 102, 1368-1376, 2009.

463. "Structural characterization of glycosaminoglycans from zebrafish in different ages," F. Zhang, Z. Zhang, R. Thistle, L.

McKeen, S. Hosoyama, T. Toida, R. J. Linhardt, P. Page-McCaw, Glycoconjugate Journal, 26, 211-218, 2009. 464. "Lessons learned from the contamination of heparin," H. Liu, Z. Zhang, R.J. Linhardt, Natural Product Reports, 26, 313–

321, 2009. 465. "Green glycosylation using ionic liquid to prepare alkyl glycosides for studying carbohydrate-protein interactions by SPR," F.

J. Muñoz, J. Pérez, S. André, H.-J. Gabius, J. V. Sinisterra, M. J. Hernáiz, and R. J. Linhardt, Green Chemistry, 11, 373-379, 2009.

466. "Synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles stabilized with glycosaminoglycans having distinctive biological activities," M.

M. Kemp, A. Kumar, S. Mousa, T.-J, Park, N. Kubotera, S. Mousa, P. Ajayan, R. J. Linhardt, Biomacromolecules, 10, 589–595, 2009.

467. "Quantitative capillary electrophoresis determination of oversulfated chondroitin sulfate as a contaminant in heparin

preparations," N. Volpi, F. Maccari, R. J. Linhardt, Analytical Biochemistry, 388, 140-145, 2009. 468. "Antiseptic single wall carbon nanotube bandages", T.J. Simmons, S.-H. Lee, T.-J. Park, D.P. Hashim, P.M. Ajayan, R.J.

Linhardt, Carbon, 47, 1561-1564, 2009. 469. "Solvolytic depolymerization of chondroitin and dermatan sulfates," T. Toida, K. Sato, N. Sakamoto, S. Sakai, S. Hosoyama,

R. J. Linhardt, Carbohydrate Research, 344, 888-893, 2009. 470. "Non-covalent functionalization as an alternative to oxidative acid treatment of single wall carbon nanotubes," T. J.

Simmons, J. Bult, D. P. Hashim, R. J. Linhardt, P.M. Ajayan, ACS Nano, 3, 865-870, 2009. 471. "Synthesis and biological evaluation of 1,2,3-triazole linked sialic acid derivatives as neuraminidase inhibitors," M. Weïwer,

C.-C. Chen, M. M. Kemp, R. J. Linhardt, European Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2611–2620, 2009. 472. "Oversulfated chondroitin sulfate interaction with heparin-binding proteins: New insights into adverse reactions from

contaminated heparins," B. Li, J.Suwan, J.G. Martin, F. Zhang, Z. Zhang, D. Hoppensteadt, M. Clark, J. Fareed, R.J. Linhardt, Biochemical Pharmacology, 78, 292–300, 2009.

473. "Quantitification of heparan sulfate and heparin disaccharides using ion-pairing, reverse-phase, micro-flow, high

performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization trap mass spectrometry," Z. Zhang, J. Xie, H. Liu, J. Liu, R. J. Linhardt, Analytical Chemistry, 81, 4349–4355, 2009.

474. "Thin layer chromatography for the separation and analysis of acidic carbohydrates," Z. Zhang, Z. Xiao, R.J. Linhardt,

Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies, 32, 1711–1732, 2009. 475. "Sulfonation of papain treated chitosan and its mechanism for anticoagulant activity," J. Suwan, Z. Zhang, B. Li, P.

Vongchan, P. Meepowpan, F. Zhang, S.A. Mousa, S. Mousa, B. Premanode, P. Kongtawelert, R. J. Linhardt, Carbohydrate Research, 344, 1190–1196, 2009.

476. "Hyaluronan and heparin reduced silver nanoparticles having antimicrobial properties," M. M. Kemp, A. Kumar, D. Clement,

P. Ajayan, S. Mousa, R. J. Linhardt, Nanomedicine, 4, 421-429, 2009. 477. "Sequence analysis of native oligosaccharides using negative ESI tandem MS," Z. Zhang, R. J. Linhardt, Current Analytical

Chemistry, 5, 225-237, 2009. 478. "Novel interactions of glycosaminoglycans and bacterial glycolipids mediate binding of enterococci to human cells," I. G.

Sava, F. Zhang, I. Toma, C. Theilacker, B. Li, T. F. Baumert, O. Holst, R. J. Linhardt, J. Huebner, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 284, 18194 - 18201, 2009.

479. "Inhibition of human vascular NADPH oxidase by apocynin derived oligophenols," M. Mora-Pale, M. Weïwer, J. Yu, R.J.

Linhardt, J.S. Dordick, Bioorganic Chemistry and Medicinal Chemistry, 17, 5146–5152, 2009. 480. "Towards an artificial Golgi: Redesigning the biological activities of heparan sulfate on a digital microfluidic chip," J. G.

Martin, M. Gupta, Y. Xu, S. Akella, J. Liu, J. S. Dordick, R. J. Linhardt, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 131, 11041–11048, 2009.

481. "Compositional analysis of heparin/heparan sulfate interacting with fibroblast growth factor•fibroblast growth factor receptor complexes," F. Zhang, Z. Zhang, X. Lin, A. Beenken, A. V. Eliseenkova, M. Mohammadi, R. J. Linhardt, Biochemistry, 48, 8379–8386, 2009.

482. "Changes in cultured endothelial cell glycosaminoglycans under hyperglycemic conditions and the effect of insulin and

heparin," J. Han, F. Zhang, J. Xie, R. J. Linhardt and L. M. Hiebert, Cardiovascular Diabetology, 8, 46-58, 2009. 483. "Photolytic depolymerization of alginate," J. Burana-osot, S. Hosoyama, Y. Nagamoto, S. Suzuki, R. J. Linhardt, T. Toida,

Carbohydrate Research, 344, 2023–2027, 2009. 484. "Analysis of pharmaceutical heparins and potential contaminants using 1H-NMR and PAGE," Z. Zhang, B. Li, J. Suwan, F.

Zhang, Z. Wang, H. Liu, B. Mulloy, R. J. Linhardt, Journal of Pharmaceutical Science, 98, 4017-4026, 2009. 485. "Control of promatrilysin (MMP7) activation and substrate-specific activity by sulfated glycosaminoglycans," H-J Ra, S.

Harju-Baker, F. Zhang, R. J. Linhardt, C. L. Wilson, W. C. Parks, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 284, 27924-27932, 2009. 486. "Orthogonal analytical approaches to detect potential contaminants in heparin," M. Guerrini, Z. Zhang, Z. Shriver, S.

Masuko, R. Langer, B. Casu, R. J. Linhardt, G. Torri, R. Sasisekharan, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 106, 16956–16961, 2009.

487. "Gold and silver nanoparticles conjugated with heparin-derivative possess anti-angiogenesis properties," M. M. Kemp, A.

Kumar, S. Mousa, E. Dyskin, M. Yalcin, P. Ajayan, R. J. Linhardt, S.A. Mousa, Nanotechnology, 20, 455104, 2009. 488. "Recent progress and applications in glycosaminoglycan and heparin research," T. N. Laremore, F. Zhang, J. S. Dordick, J.

Liu, R. J. Linhardt, Current Opinions in Chemical Biology, 13, 633–640, 2009. 489. "Structural snapshots of heparin depolymerization by heparin lyase I," Y.-H. Han, M.-L. Garron, H.-Y. Kim, W.-S. Kim, Z.

Zhang, K.-S. Ryu, D. Shaya, Z. Xiao, C. Cheong, Y.-S. Kim, R. J. Linhardt, Y. H. Jeon, M. Cygler, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 284, 34019–34027, 2009.

490. "Chloroquine reduces arylsulphatase B activity and increases chondroitin-4-sulphate: implications for mechanisms of action

and resistance." S. Bhattacharyya, K. Solakyildirim, Z. Zhang, R. J. Linhardt, J. K. Tobacman, Malaria Journal, 8, 303, 2009.

491. "Enzymatic polymerization of phenols in room-temperature ionic liquids," B. Eker, D. Zagorevski, G. Zhu, R.J. Linhardt, J.S.

Dordick, Journal of Molecular Catalysis B: Enzymatic, 59, 177–184, 2009. 492. "Cell-bound IL-8 increases in bronchial epithelial cells after arylsulfatase B silencing due to sequestration with chondroitin-

4-sulfate," S. Bhattacharyya, K. Solakyildirim Z. Zhang, R. J. Linhardt, J. K. Tobacman, American Journal of Respiratory

Cell and Molecular Biology, 42, 51-61, 2010. 493. "Ultraperformance liquid chromatography with electrospray ion trap mass spectrometry for chondroitin disaccharide

analysis," K. Solakyildirim, Z. Zhang, R. J. Linhardt, Analytical Biochemistry, 397, 24–28, 2010. 494. "Heparin-based nanoparticles," M. M. Kemp and R. J. Linhardt, Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology, 2, 77 – 87, 2010. 495. "Cellulose composites prepared using ionic liquids (ILs)-Blood compatibility to batteries," T.-J. Park , S. Murugesan, R. J.

Linhardt, Kevin Edgar, Thomas Heinze, Charles Buchanan (eds.), ACS symposium Series, Polysaccharide Materials: Performance by Design, Chapter 7, pp 133-152, 2010.

496. "Nuclear magnetic resonance quantification for monitoring heparosan K5 capsular polysaccharide production," Z. Wang, Z.

Zhang, S. A. McCallum, R. J. Linhardt, Analytical Biochemistry, 398, 275–277, 2010. 497. "Glycosaminoglycans from earthworms (Eisenia andrei)," A.-R. Im, Y. Park, J.-S. Sim, Z. Zhang, Z. Liu, R. J. Linhardt, Y.

S. Kim, Glycoconjugate Journal, 27, 249–257, 2010. 498. "Unnatural polyketide analogs selectively target the HER2 signaling pathway in human breast cancer cells," S. J. Kwon, M. I.

Kim, B. Ku, L. Coulombel, J.-H. Kim, R.J. Linhardt, and J. S. Dordick, ChemBioChem, 11, 573 – 580, 2010. 499. "Oversulfated chondroitin sulfate is the major contaminant in suspect heparin lots collected in February/March of 2008," M.

Guerrini, Z. Shriver, A. Naggi, B. Casu, R. J. Linhardt, G. Torri, Ram Sasisekharan, Nature Biotechnology, 28, 207-211, 2010.

500. "High-resolution preparative separation of glycosaminoglycan oligosaccharides by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis," T. N. Laremore, M. Ly, K. Solakyildirim, D.V. Zagorevski, R. J. Linhardt, Analytical Biochemistry, 401, 236–241, 2010.

501. "Electrospinning of nanomaterials and applications in electronic components and devices," J. Miao, M. Miyauchi, T. J.

Simmons, J. S. Dordick, R. J. Linhardt, Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 10, 5507–5519, 2010. 502. "Antitumor effect of butanoylated heparin with low anticoagulant activity on lung cancer growth in mice and rats," L. Yu, H.

G. Garg, B. Li, R. J. Linhardt, C. A. Hales, Current Cancer Drug Targets, 10, 229-241, 2010. 503. "High performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for mapping and sequencing glycosaminoglycan-derived

oligosaccharides," N. Volpi, R. J. Linhardt, Nature Protocols, 5, 993 - 1004, 2010. 504. "Effect of Carboxyl-Reduced Heparin on the Growth Inhibition of Bovine Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells," H.G.

Garg, H. Mrabat, L. Yu, C. Freeman, B. Li, F. Zhang, R. J. Linhardt, C. A. Hales, Carbohydrate Research, 345, 1084–1087, 2010.

505. "Artificial organelles: Digital microfluidic platform for proteoglycan and glycoprotein biosynthesis," J. G. Martin, J. M.

Beaudet, J. S. Dordick, R. J. Linhardt, The World Scientific Journal, 10, 997-1000, 2010. 506. "Partial depolymerization of pectin by photochemical reaction," J. Burana-osot, N. Soonthornchareonnon, S. Hosoyamac, R.

J. Linhardt, T. Toida, Carbohydrate Research, 345, 1205–1210, 2010. 507. "Negative electron transfer dissociation of glycosaminoglycans," J. Wolff, F. Leach, T. Laremore, D. Kaplan, M. Easterling,

R. J. Linhardt, J. Amster, Analytical Chemistry, 82, 3460-3466, 2010. 508. "Catalytic mechanism of heparinase II revealed by site-directed mutagenesis and the crystal structure with its substrate," D.

Shaya, W. Zhao, M.-L. Garron, Z. Xiao, Q. Cui, Z. Zhang, T. Sulea, R. J. Linhardt, M. Cygler, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 285, 20051-20061, 2010.

509. "Induction of nucleolin translocation by acharan sulfate in A549 cells," E. J. Joo, Y. Hui, Y. Park, N. Y. Park, T. Toida, R. J.

Linhardt, Y.S. Kim, Journal of Cellular Biochemistry, 110, 1272–1278, 2010. 510. "Stereoselective Total Synthesis of (-)-Cleistenolide," C. Cai, J. Liu, Y. Du, R. J. Linhardt, Journal of Organic Chemistry, in

75, 5754–5756, 2010. 511. "Identification of a novel structure in heparin generated by potassium permanganate oxidation," D. Beccati, S. Roy, F. Yu, N.

S. Gunay, R. J. Linhardt I. Capila, G. Venkataraman, Carbohydrate Polymers, 82, 699–705, 2010. 512. "Proteoglycomics: Recent progress and future challenges," M. Ly, T. N. Laremore, R. J. Linhardt, Omics, 14, 389-399, 2010. 513. "Conductive cable fibers with insulating surface prepared by coaxial electrospinning of multi-walled nanotubes and

cellulose," M. Miyauchi, J. Miao, T. J. Simmons, J.-W. Lee, T. V. Doherty, J. S. Dordick, R. J. Linhardt, Biomacromolecules, 11, 2440–2445, 2010.

514. "Carrageenan-induced increase in interleukin-8 secretion is modified by pre-treatment with galactosidases and

carrageenases," S. Bhattacharyya, H. Liu, Z. Zhang,

M. Jam,

P. K. Dudeja,

G. Michel,

R. J. Linhardt, J. Tobacman, Journal of

Nutritional Biochemistry, 21, 906-913, 2010. 515. "Glycosaminoglycan characterization by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry including Fourier transform mass

spectrometry," T. N. Laremore, F. E. Leach III, K. Solakyildirim, I. J. Amster, R. J. Linhardt, Methods in Enzymology, 478, 79-108, 2010.

516. "Domain structure elucidation of human decorin glycosaminoglycans," T. N. Laremore, M. Ly, Z. Zhang, K. Solakyildirim,

S. McCallum, R. T. Owens, R. J. Linhardt, Biochemical Journal 431, 199-205, 2010. 517. "Chemoenzymatic design of heparan sulfate oligosaccharides," R. Liu, Y. Xu, M. Chen, M. Weïwer, A. Bridges, P.L.

DeAngelis, Q. Zhang, R. J. Linhardt, J. Liu, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 285, 34240-34249, 2010. 518. "Electrospinning from room temperature ionic liquids for biopolymer fiber formation," L. Meli, J. Miao, J. S. Dordick, R, J.

Linhardt, Green Chemistry, 12, 1883–1892, 2010. 519. "Glycosaminoglycans of the porcine central nervous system," Z. Liu, S. Masuko, K. Solakyildirim, D. Pu, R. J. Linhardt, F.

Zhang, Biochemistry, 49, 9839–9847, 2010.

520. "E. coli K5 fermentation and the preparation of heparosan, a bioengineered heparin precursor," Z. Wang, M. Ly, F. Zhang, W. Zhong, A. Suen, J. S. Dordick, R. J. Linhardt, Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 107, 968-977, 2010.

521. "Preparation of biopolymer-based materials using ionic liquids for the biomedical applications," S. H. Lee, M. Miyauchi, J. S.

Dordick, and R. J. Linhardt, ACS Symposium Series Ionic liquids application: Pharmaceutical, Therapeutics, and Biotechnology, (S. V. Malhotra, ed.) Chapter 10, pp 115-134, 2010.

522. "Ionic Liquid Solvent Properties as Predictors of Lignocellulose Pretreatment Efficacy," T. V. Doherty, M. Mora-Pale, S.

Foley, R. J. Linhardt, J. S. Dordick, Green Chemistry, 12, 1967-1975, 2010. 523. "Mass balance analysis of contaminated heparin product," Z. Liu, Z. Xiao, S. Masuko, W. Zhao, E. Sterner, V. Bansal, J.

Fareed, J. S. Dordick, F. Zhang, R. J. Linhardt, Analytical Biochemistry, 408, 147-156, 2011. 524. "Analysis of glycosaminoglycans in stem cell glycomics," B. Li, H. Liu, Z. Zhang, H. Stansfield, J.S. Dordick, R.J. Linhardt,

in Embryonic Stem Cell Therapy for Osteodegenerative Diseases. Nicole zur Nieden, Ed., Humana Press, Methods in Molecular Biology 690, 285-300, 2011.

525. "Structural motif in heparin oligosaccharides: Heparinase I susceptible 3,6-di-O-sulfo-2-deoxy-2- sulfamido-α-D-

glucopyranose (1,4) 2-O-sulfo-α-L-idopyranosyluronic acid linkage," Z. Xiao, W. Zhao, B. Yang, Z. Zhang, H. Guan, R. J. Linhardt, Glycobiology, 21, 13–22, 2011.

526. "Hyphenated techniques for the analysis of heparin and heparan sulfate," B. Yang, K. Solakyildirim, Y. Chang, R. J.

Linhardt, Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 399, 541–557, 2011. 527. "Analysis of E. coli K5 capsular polysaccharide heparosan," M. Ly, Z. Wang, T. N. Laremore, F. Zhang, W. Zhong, D. Pu,

D. V. Zagorevski, J. S. Dordick, R. J. Linhardt, Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 399, 737-745, 2011. 528. "Conjugation of ginsenoside Rg3 with gold nanoparticles," Y. Park, A.-R. Im, E. J. Joo, J. Lee, H.-G. Park, R. J. Linhardt, Y.

S. Kim, Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society, 32, 286-290, 2011. 529. "E. coli K5 heparosan fermentation and improvement by genetic engineering," Z. Wang, J. S. Dordick, R. J. Linhardt,

Bioengineered Bugs, 2, 1-15, 2011. 530. "Host and pathogen glycosaminoglycan-binding proteins modulate antimicrobial peptide responses," Z. Wang, L. A. Flax, M.

M. Kemp, R. J. Linhardt, M. J. Baron, Infection and Immunity, 79, 606-616, 2011. 531. "Heparin mapping using heparin lyases and the generation of a novel low molecular weight heparin," Z. Xiao, B. R. Tappen,

M. Ly, W. Zhao, L. P. Canova, H. Guan, R. J. Linhardt, Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 54, 603–610, 2011. 532. "Protein-associated water effects the removal of blood proteins from metallic substrates," G. Anand, F, Zhang, R. J. Linhardt,

G. Belfort, Langmuir, 27, 1830–1836, 2011. 533. "HSulf-1 modulates FGF-2 and hypoxia mediated migration and invasion of breast cancer cells," A. Khurana, P. Liu, P.

Mel1one, L. Lorenzon, B. Vincenzi, K. Datta, B. Yang, R. J. Linhardt, W. Lingle, J. Chien, A. Baldi, V. Shridhar, Cancer Research, 71, 2152-2161, 2011.

534. "Room Temperature Ionic Liquids as Emerging Solvents for the Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass," M. Mora-Pale, L.

Meli, T. V. Doherty, R. J. Linhardt, J. S. Dordick, Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 108, 1229-1245, 2011. 535. "N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan nanoparticles for the delivery of monoclonal antibodies against hepatocellular carcinoma cells," P.

Vongchan, Y. Wutti-In, W. Sajomsang, P. Gonil, S. Kothan, R. J. Linhardt, Carbohydrate Polymers, 85, 215-220, 2011. 536. "Design and synthesis of unnatural heparosan and chondroitin building blocks," S. Bera, R. J. Linhardt, Journal of Organic

Chemistry, 76, 3181-3189, 2011. 537. "Ultraperformance ion-pairing liquid chromatography with on-line electrospray ion trap mass spectrometry for heparin

disaccharide analysis," B. Yang, A. Weyers, J. Y. Baik, E. Sterner, S. Sharfstein, S. A. Mousa, F. Zhang, J. S. Dordick, R. J. Linhardt, Analytical Biochemistry, 415, 59–66, 2011.

538. "Affect of autoclave sterilization on the activity and structure of formulated heparin," J. M. Beaudet, A. Weyers, K.

Solakyildirim, B. Yang, M. Takieddin, S. Mousa, F. Zhang, R. J. Linhardt, Journal of Pharmaceutical Science, 100, 3396–3404, 2011.

539. "Control of the heparosan N-deacetylation leads to an improved bioengineered heparin, " Z. Wang, B. Yang, Z. Zhang, M. Ly, M. Takieddin, S. Mousa, J. Liu, J. S. Dordick, R. J. Linhardt Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 91, 91-99, 2011.

540. "Negative electron transfer dissociation Fourier transform mass spectrometry of glycosaminoglycan carbohydrates," F. E.

Leach, J. J. Wolff, Z. Xiao, M. Ly, T. N. Laremore, S. Arungundram, K. Al-Mafraji, A. Venot, G.-J. Boons, R. J. Linhardt, I. Jonathan Amster, European Journal of Mass Spectrometry, 71, 167-176, 2011.

541. "Electrospun polyvinylpyrrolidone fibers with high concentrations of ferromagnetic and superparamagnetic nanoparticles,"

M. Miyauchi, T. J. Simmons, J. Miao, Z. Shriver, U. Aich, J. S. Dordick, R. J. Linhardt, ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 3, 1958-1964, 2011.

542. "Asparagine 405 of heparin lyase II prevents the cleavage of glycosidic linkages proximate to a 3-O-sulfo glucosamine

residue," W. Zhao, M.-L. Garron, B. Yang, Z. Xiao, J. D. Esko, M, Cygler, R. J. Linhardt, Febs Letters, 585, 2461–2466, 2011.

543. "Controlled Photochemical Depolymerization of K5 Heparosan, a Bioengineered Heparin Precursor," K. Higashi, M. Ly, Z.

Wang, S. Masuko, U. Bhaskar, E. Sterner, F. Zhang, T. Toida, J. S. Dordick, R. J. Linhardt, Carbohydrate Polymers, 86, 1365– 1370, 2011.

544. "Electrospray ionization Fourier transform mass spectrometric analysis of intact bikunin glycosaminoglycan from normal

human plasma," T. N. Laremore, F. E. Leach III, I. J. Amster, R. J. Linhardt, International Journal of Mass Spectrometry, 305, 109–115, 2011.

545. "Anti-proliferative effects of O-acyl-low-molecular-weight heparin derivatives on bovine pulmonary artery smooth muscle

cells," H. G.Garg, H. Mrabat, L. Yu, C. A. Hales, B. Li, C. N. Moore, F. Zhang, R. J. Linhardt, Glycoconjugate Journal, 28, 419–426, 2011.

546. "Ozonolysis of the double bond of the unsaturated uronate residue in low molecular weight heparin and K5 heparosan," S.

Masuko, K. Higashi, Z. Wang, U. Bhaskar, A. M. Hickey, F. Zhang, T. Toida, J. S. Dordick, R. J. Linhardt, Carbohydrate Research, 346, 1962–1966, 2011.

547. "Comamonas testosteronan synthase, a bifunctional glycosyltransferase that produces a unique heparosan polysaccharide

analog," N. J. Otto, K. Solakyildirim, R. J. Linhardt, P. L. DeAngelis, Glycobiology, 21, 1331–1340, 2011. 548. "Polysaccharides and phytochemicals: a natural reservoir for the green synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles," Y. Park,

Y. N. Hong, A. Weyers, Y. S. Kim, R. J. Linhardt, IET Nanobiotechnology, 5, 69–78, 2011. 549. "Synthesis, structural, and biological studies on a pseudodisaccharide containing a bicyclic, bridged carba-sugar," Z. Fejes, T.

Kurtán, G. Raabe, J. Fleischhauer, L. Szilágyi, A. Bényei, Z. Gál, W. Zhao, R. J. Linhardt, M. Cygler, P. Herczegh, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 22, 1404-1410, 2011.

550. "Lysostaphin-functionalized cellulose fibers with antistaphylococcal activity for wound healing applications," J. Miao, R. C.

Pangule, E. E. Paskaleva, E. Hwang, R. S. Kane, Robert J. Linhardt, J. S. Dordick, Biomaterials, 32, 9557-9567, 2011. 551. "Response surface optimization of the heparosan N-deacetylation in producing bioengineered heparin," Z. Wang, J. Li, S.

Cheong, U. Bhaskar, O. Akihiro, F. Zhang, J.S. Dordick, R.J. Linhardt, Journal of Biotechnology, 156, 188-196, 2011. 552. "Preparation of synthetic wood composites using ionic liquids," S.H. Lee, T.-J. Park, T.J. Simmons, M. Miyauchi, S.S. Bale,

R. Pangule, Jianjun Miao, J. Bult, J.G. Martin, J.S. Dordick, R.J. Linhardt, Wood Science and Technology, 45, 719–733, 2011.

553. "The proteoglycan bikunin has a defined sequence," M. Ly, F. E. Leach III, T. N. Laremore, T. Toida, I. J. Amster, R.J.

Linhardt, Nature Chemical Biology, 7, 827-833, 2011. 554. "Stereoselective synthesis of α-C-sialyl compounds," J.-H. Kim, F. Huang, S. Masuko, D. Sail, R. J. Linhardt, Carbohydrate

Chemistry, Proven Methods, Volume 1, CRC Press, Chapter 26, pp. 239-243, 2012. 555. "Binding affinities of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) for heparin-derived oligosaccharides," W. Zhao, S.

McCallum, Z. Xiao, F. Zhang, R. J. Linhardt, Bioscience Reports 32, 71-81, 2012. 556. "Semi-synthesis of chondroitin sulfate-E from chondroitin sulfate-A," C. Chai, K. Solakyildirim, B. Yang, J. M. Beaudet, A.

Weyer, R. J. Linhardt, F. Zhang, Carbohydrate Polymers, 87, 822– 829, 2012.

557. "Glycosaminoglycans," F. Zhang, Z. Zhang, R.J. Linhardt, in Handbook of Glycomics: Glycoconjugate Structural Analysis, M. Pierce (ed.) Academic Press/Elsevier, in press, 2011.

558. "Facile pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass at high loadings in room temperature ionic liquids," H. Wu, J. Miao, M.

Mora-Pale, T. V. Doherty, R. J. Linhardt, J. S. Dordick, Biotechnology and Bioengineering, in press, 2011. 559. "Chemoenzymatic synthesis of structurally homogeneous ultra-low molecular weight heparins," Y. Xu, S. Masuko, M.

Takieddin, H. Xu, R. Liu, J. Jing, S. Mousa, R. J. Linhardt, J. Liu, Science, in press, 2011. 560. "Flexible electrospun cellulose fibers as an affinity packing material for the separation of bovine serum albumin," M.

Miyauchi, J. Miao, T. J. Simmons, J. S. Dordick, R.J. Linhardt, Journal of Chromatography and Separation Techniques, in press, 2011.

561. "Structural characterization of heparins from different commercial sources" F. Zhang, B. Yang, M. Ly, K. Solakyildirim, Z.

Xiao, Z. Wang, J. M. Beaudet, A. Y. Torelli, J. S. Dordick, R. J. Linhardt, Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, in press, 2011.

562. "Preparation and characterization of electrospun core sheath nanofibers from multiwall carbon nanotubes and poly (vinyl

pyrrolidone)," J. Miao, M. Miyauchi, J. S. Dordick, R. J. Linhardt, Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, in press, 2011.

563. "Engineering of routes to heparin and related polysaccharides," U. Bhaskar, E. Sterner, A. M. Hickey, A. Onishi, F. Zhang, J.

S. Dordick, R.J. Linhardt, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, in press, 2011. 564. "Photochemical preparation of a novel low molecular weight heparin," K. Higashi, S. Hosoyama, A. Ohno, S. Masuko, B.

Yang, E. Sterner, Z. Wang, R. J. Linhardt, T. Toida, Carbohydrate Polymers, in press, 2011. 565. "Inhibition of human tumor xenograft growth in nude mice by a novel monoclonal anti-HSPG isolated from human liver, P.

Vongchan, S. Kothan, Y. Wutti-In, N. Janejad, R.J. Linhardt, Anticancer Research, in press, 2011. 566. "New type of sulfonated aramides nanoparticles and their copper complexes with anomalous electrical behavior: A simple

method for the preparation of a microporous film-like layer," H. H. A. M. Hassan, A. F. Elhusseiny, A. M. Sweyllam, R. J. Linhardt, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, submitted, 2011.

567. "Tunable thermo-responsive poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) cellulose nanofibers: Synthesis, characterization, and fabrication of

potential affinity membranes" M. Webster, J. Miao, B. Lynch, D. Green, R. Linhardt, J. Mendenhall, Biomacromolecules, submitted, 2011.

568. "Kinetic and Structural Characterization of Glycosaminoglycan-IL-7 Interactions," F. Zhang, R. J Linhardt, D. Pu, K. I.

George, S. T. Walsh, "Kinetic and Structural Characterization of Glycosaminoglycan-IL-7 Interactions," Biochemie, submitted, 2011.

569. "Hexuronic acid stereochemistry determination in chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycan oligosaccharides by electron

detachment dissociation," F. E. Leach, M. Ly, T. N. Laremore, J. J. Wolff, J. Perlow, R. J. Linhardt, I. J. Amster, Journal of American Society of Mass Spectrometry, submitted, 2011.

570. "Electron detachment dissociation and infrared multiphoton dissociation of heparin tetrasaccharides," F. E. Leach, Z. Xiao, T.

N. Laremore, R. J. Linhardt, I. J. Amster, International Journal of Mass Spectrometry, submitted, 2011. 571. "Structural analysis of glycosaminoglycans from lethal and non-lethal breast cancer tissues," A. Weyers, B. Yang, D. S.

Yoon, J.-H. Park, F. Zhang, K. B. Lee, R. J. Linhardt, Omics, submitted, 2011. 572. "Preparation of high dielectric constant BaTiO3 fibers and their effect on the dielectric properties of polymer composites," Z.

Wang, J. K. Nelson, J. Miao, R. J. Linhardt, H. Hillborg, S. Zhao, L. S. Schadler, Applied Physics Letters, submitted, 2011. 573. "Capillary electrophoresis for the analysis of glycosaminoglycan-derived disaccharides," Y. Chang, B. Yang, A. Weyers, R.

J. Linhardt, In Capillary Electrophoresis of Carbohydrates, Methods in Molecular Biology, F. Maccari, N. Volpi eds., Humana Press, submitted 2011.

574. "Recent advances in sulfotransferase enzyme activity assays," P. Paul, J. Liu, J. S. Dordick, R. J. Linhardt, Analytical and

Bioanalytical Chemistry, submitted, 2011

575. "Structural remodeling of proteoglycans on retinoic acid-induced differentiation of NCCIT cells," H. E. Stansfield, L. Gasimli, A. V. Nairn, B. Li, H. Liu, J. L. Paluh, B. Yang, M. J. Saunders, J. S. Dordick, K. W. Moremen, R. J. Linhardt, Glycobiology, submitted, 2011.

576. "Total glycosaminoglycan disaccharide analysis by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry," B. Yang,

Y. Chang, A. M. Weyers, E. Sterner, R. J. Linhardt, Journal of Chromatography A, submitted, 2011. 577. "Molecular weight characterization for glycosaminoglycans with different degrees of sulfation by size exclusion

chromatography," Z. Wang, F. Zhang, J. S. Dordick, R. J. Linhardt, Current Analytical Chemistry, submitted, 2011. 578. "Trimer hydroxylated quinone (IIIHyQ) derived from apocynin targets cysteine residues of p47phox preventing the activation

of human vascular NADPH oxidase," M.Mora-Pale, S.J. Kwon, R. J. Linhardt, J. S. Dordick, Free Radical Biology and Medicine, submitted, 2011.

579. "Electrophoresis techniques for the analysis of heparin purity and quality," N. Volpi, F. Maccari, R. J. Linhardt,

Electrophoresis, submitted, 2011. 580. "Inhibitory effect of non-anticoagulant heparin (S-NACH) on pancreatic cancer cell adhesion and invasion in human

umbilical cord vessel segment," T. Sudha, P. Phillips, C. Kanaan, R. J. Linhardt, L. Borsig, S.A. Mousa, Clinical & Experimental Metastasis, submitted, 2011.

581. "Dissecting the substrate recognition of 3-O-sulfotransferase for the biosynthesis of anticoagulant heparin," A. F. Moon, Y.

Xu, S. M. Woody, J. M. Krahn, R. J. Linhardt, J. Liu, L. C. Pedersen, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, submitted, 2011.

582. "Effect of high aspect ratio filler on dielectric properties of polymer composites: A study on barium titanate fibers and

graphene platelets," Z. Wang, J. K. Nelson, J. Miao, R.J. Linhardt, L. S. Schadler, H. Hillborg, S. Zhao, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, submitted, 2011.

583. "Chemoenzymatic synthesis of the next generation of ultralow molecular weight heparin therapeutics, " S. Masuko, R. J.

Linhardt, Future Medicinal Chemistry, submitted, 2011. 584. "Structure/function analysis of the Pasteurella multocida heparosan synthases: towards defining enzyme specificity and

engineering novel catalysts," N. J. Otto, S. Masuko, A. Mayer, M. E. Tanner, Robert J. Linhardt, P. L. DeAngelis, Journal of Biological Chemistry, submitted, 2011.

585. "Metabolic engineering of Chinese hamster ovary cells: Towards a bioengineered heparin," J. Y. Baik, L. Gasimli, B. Yang,

P. Datta, F. Zhang, C. A Glass, J. D. Esko, R.J. Linhardt, S. Sharfstein, Metabolic Engineering, submitted, 2011. 586. "Synthetic heparin," R. J. Linhardt, J. Liu, Current Opinion in Pharmacology, submitted, 2011.

DOCTORAL STUDENTS SUPERVISED 1. Kevin G. Rice, Ph.D., Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry, University of Iowa, "A Sequencing Strategy for Heparin,"

December, 1987. Current position: Professor, Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry, University of Iowa. 2. Yeong Shik Kim, Ph.D., Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry, University of Iowa, "Interaction of Heparin with

Antithrombin III and Heparin Cofactor II," August, 1988. Current position: Professor, Natural Products Chemistry, Seoul National University.

3. Kyong Bok Lee, Ph.D., Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry, University of Iowa, "A Sequencing Strategy for Neutral

Oligosaccharides," March, 1991. Current position: Professor, Biochemistry, Konyang University Medical School. 4. Daniel L. Lohse, Ph.D., Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry, University of Iowa, "Purification and Characterization

of Three Heparin Lyases," May, 1992. Current position: Research Scientist, TargeGen, Inc. 5. Hui-ming Wang, Ph.D., Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry, University of Iowa, "Preparation and Characterization of

Heparin-Derived Oligosaccharides and their Applications," September, 1992. Current position: Research Scientist, Hercules Inc.

6. R. Erik Edens, Ph.D., Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry, University of Iowa, "Studies of the Interaction of Heparin

With Proteins," March, 1993. Current position: Associte Professor, Pediatric Cardiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City,IA. 7. Jin-Hee Bae, Ph.D., Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry, University of Iowa, "Protein-Polysaccharide Interaction:

Study of Heparin Binding to Antithrombin III Using a Synthetic Peptide Model," May, 1993. Current position: Clinical Pharmacist.

8. Jian Liu, Ph.D., Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry, University of Iowa, "Approach for Sequencing

Glycosaminoglycan Chains of Proteoglycans," June, 1993. Current position: Associate Professor, Medicinal Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.

9. Eric A. Schmitt, Ph.D., Pharmaceutics, University of Iowa, "Hydrolysis and Controlled Release Characteristics of

Biodegradable Poly (Esters)," June, 1993. Current position: Group Leader, Abbott Pharmaceuticals. 10. Kenan Gu, Ph.D., Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry, University of Iowa, "Purification and Characterization of

Chondroitin Lyase and Glycuronidase from Flavobacterium heparinum," November, 1993. Current position: Associate Director, Eisai Inc. Woodcliff Lake, NJ

11. Wen-Jen Lin, Ph.D., Pharmaceutics, University of Iowa, "Degradation Studies on Poly (δ-Caprolactone) and its Blends,"

May, 1995. Current position: Professor, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Taiwan University. 12. Varsha D. Nadkarni, Ph.D., Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry, University of Iowa, "Directionally Immobilized

Heparin and Heparan Sulfate: Preparation, Analysis, and Applications," January, 1996. Current position: Research Scientist, Baylor University College of Medicine.

13. Brett Martin, Ph.D., Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Iowa, "Sugar Containing Hydrogels," February,

1996. Current position: Research Scientist, Office of Naval Research. 14. Robert J. Kerns, Ph.D., Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry, University of Iowa, "Studies on the Chemo-Enzymatic

Synthesis of Glycosaminoglycan Oligosaccharides," July, 1996. Current position: Professor and Head, Medicinal Chemistry, University of Iowa.

15. Jonathan R. Fromm, Ph.D., Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry, University of Iowa, "The Interaction of Proteins with

Glycosaminoglycans: Studies on the Interaction of Acidic Fibroblast Growth Factor with Heparin and Heparan Sulfate," October, 1996. Current position: Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, University Washington, College of Medicine, Seattle.

16. Youmie Park, Ph.D., Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry, University of Iowa, "Purification and Characterization of a

New Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycan and Glycosaminoglycan," December, 1998. Current position: Assistant Professor, College of Pharmacy, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeongnam, Korea.

17. Michael W. Wolff, Ph.D., Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Iowa, "Extension of the Glycoprotein

Processing Capabilities of the Lepidopteran Insect Cell Line Spodoptera Frugiperda by Metabolic Engineering," May, 1999. Current position: Biotechnologist and Pharmacologist, Max Planck Institute, Magdeburg, Germany.

18. Jahoon Choe, Ph.D., Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Iowa, "Affinity Reverse Micellar Extraction for the Purification of Glycoprotein Glycoforms," November, 1999. Current position: Senior Research Engineer, LG Chemicals.

19. Balagurunathan Kuberan, Ph.D., Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry, University of Iowa, "Synthesis of

Neoglycoconjugates of Biochemical and Biopharmaceutical Importance," December, 2000. Current position: Associate Professor, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah.

20. Ishan Capila, Ph.D., Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry, University of Iowa, "Studies on Glycosaminoglycan

Structure and Interaction with Proteins and Enzymes," April, 2001. Current position: Research Scientist, Momenta Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA.

21. Melissa A. Fath, Ph.D., Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry, University of Iowa, "Studies on the Interaction of

Heparin with Proteins of Biological Significance," April, 2001. Current position: Research Scientist, University of Iowa. 22. Tülay Polat, Ph.D., Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry, University of Iowa, "Chemical and Enzymatic Synthesis of

Biologically Important Glycolipids," April 2002. Current position: Senior Scientist Abraxis Bioscience, Los Angeles, CA. 23. Qun Wang, Ph.D., Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry, University of Iowa, "Synthesis of Neuraminidase Inhibitors

and Bioactive Polymers," December 2002. Current position: Research Scientist, Wellstat Biologicals and Therapeutics, Gaithersburg, MD.

24. Nur Sibel Gunay, Ph.D., Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry, University of Iowa, "Structural Studies on Sulfated

Carbohydrates," April 2003. Current position: Research Scientist, Momenta Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA. 25. Charuwan Thanawiroon, Ph.D., Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry, University of Iowa, "Chromatographic

Separation and LC/MS Analysis of Heparin Derived Oligosaccharides," April 2003. Current position: Associate Professor, Mahidol University, College of Pharmacy, Bangkok, Thailand.

26. Tasneem Islam, Ph.D., Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, “Synthesis of Glycosaminoglycans as Potential

Therapeutic Agents,” January 2004. Current position: Assistant Professor, Roosevelt University. 27. Haining Yu, Ph.D., Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry, University of Iowa, “Studies of the Interaction of Heparin

with Complement Proteins,” May 2005. Current position: Associate Professor, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University, Peoples Republic of China.

28. Dino Ress, Ph.D., Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, “Progress in the Synthesis of Sialic Acid Containing C-

Glycosides of Potentially Therapeutic Epitopes,” May 2005. Current position: Lecturer, Univesity of Wisconsin, Madison WI.

29. Fikri Y. Avci, Ph.D., Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, “Chemoenzymatic

Synthesis of Glycosaminoglycans,” November 2005. Current position: Postdoctoral Scientist, Harvard University, Medical School, Boston, MA.

30. Saravanababu Murugesan, Ph.D., Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute,

“Behavior of Biopolymers in Room Temperature Ionic Liquids-Dissolution to Dialysis,” November 2005. Current position: Research Scientist, Bristol Meyers Squibb, Princeton, NJ.

31. Sybil Lang-Hrstka, Ph.D., Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Iowa, “Interaction Studies

on Glycosaminoglycan Binding Proteins and Therapeutic Protein Engineering,” April 2006. Current position: Research Scientist, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA

32. Lianli Chi, Ph.D., Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, “Mass Spectrometry for

the Analysis of Glycosaminoglycans,” December 2006. Current position: Professor, Shandong University. 33. Xuejun Yuan, Ph.D., Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, “Synthesis of C-

linked Neuraminic Acid Oligomers as Potential Immunogens for Meningococal Meningitis and Carcinomas,” August 2007. Current position: Research Scientist, American Radiolabeled Chemical, Saint Louis, MO.

34. Tatiana Laremore, Ph.D., Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, “MALDI-MS

Applications in Glycomics of Glycosaminoglycans,” August 2007. Current position: Director, Pennsylvania State University, Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility.

35. Jin Xie, Ph.D., Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, “Applications of Chromatography and Spectroscopy to Heparin and Heparan Sulfate Glycomics,” December 2007. Current position: Research Scientist, SPL Laboratories, Madison, WI.

36. Jingjing Yu, Ph.D., Department of Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, “Understanding the Mechanism of

Polyphenolic Inhibition on Human Vascular NADPH Oxidase,” December 2007. Current position: Research Scientist Cerep, Inc., Seattle, WA

37. Tae-joon Park, Ph.D., Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, “Improved

Heparin Therapeutics: Biocompatible Composites and Redesigning the Biological Activities of Heparin on Microarray Chips” May 2008. Current position:

38. Chi-Chang Chen, Ph.D., Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, “Synthesis of C-

Glycoside Analogs of Neuraminic Acids,” August 2008. Current position: NIH Postdoctoral Fellow, Bethesda, MD. 39. Trevor J. Simmons, Ph.D., Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, “Carbon

Nanotube Suspensions, Dispersions and Composites,” December 2008. Current position: The Paper Battery Company, Troy, NY.

40. Melissa M. Kemp, Ph.D., Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, “Insights into the

Structure, Activity and Therapeutic Potential of Glycosaminoglycans,” March 2009. Current position: Postdoctoral Fellow Broad Institute, MIT, Cambridge, MA.

41. Jeffrey G. Martin, Ph.D., Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, “Creation of an

Artificial Golgi Organelle: Gycosaminoglycans in Microfluidics,” March 2010. Current position: Novartis, Cambridge, MA 42. Boyangzi Li, Ph.D., Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, “Study of the

Biological Functions of Chemically Modified Glycosaminoglycan Derivatives as Potential Therapeutic Agents,” December 2010. Current position: Postdoctoral Fellow, Albert Einstein Medical School, New York, NY

43. Zhongping Xiao, Ph.D., Department of Chemistry, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, “Heparin oligosaccharide mapping

using heparinases and the generation of a novel low molecular weight heparin,” December 2010. Current position: Postdoctoral Fellow, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.

44. Wenjing Zhao, Department of Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, “Study of the Substrate Specificity and Catalytic

Mechanism of Glycosaminoglycan Lyases as Potential Analytical Tools,” April 2011. Current position: Columbia University School of Public Health, New York, NY

45. Zhenyu Wang, Department of Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, “Heparosan Production and Modification Towards a

Bioengineered Heparin,” July 2011. Current position: Director of Research, Celsus Pharmaceuticals, Cincinnati, OH 46. Mellisa Ly, Department of Chemistry and ChemicalBiology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, “Glycosaminoglycan

Sequencing of Proteoglycans,” July 2011. Current position:

MASTERS STUDENTS SUPERVISED 1. Xue Jun Han, M.S., May 1994, Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry. "Preparation of Heparin-Derived

Oligosaccharides," Current position: Research Scientist, Eli Lily Pharmaceutical Company, Indianapolis, IN. 2. Yixian Chen, M.S., August 2002, Chemistry. "Progress Towards the Synthesis of the C-Glycoside Analog of GM3," Current

position: Research Scientist, Abbott Pharmaceutical Company, Chicago, IL. 3. Yi Wu, M.S., December 2002, Chemical and Biochemical Engineering. "Heparin Cofactor II Interactions with Heparin,"

Current position: Doctoral Student in Pharmaceutics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA. 4. Saravanababu Murugesan, M.S., August 2003, Chemical and Biochemical Engineering. "Dialkyl Imidazolium Benzoates-

Room Temperature Ionic Liquids Useful in the Peracetylation of Simple and Sulfated Oligosaccharides," Current position: Bristol Meyers Squibb, New Jersey.

5. Jinzhou Zhang, M.S., January 2004, Chemistry, "Progress Towards the Synthesis of a Donor and Acceptor for the

Preparation of a Hyaluronic Acid Tetrasaccharide," Current position: Doctoral Student in Pharmaceutics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA.

6. Fei Huang, M.S., December 2008, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, "Synthesis of Neuraminidase Inhibitors

and C-linked Polysialic Acids," Current position: Doctoral Program University of Melbourne, Australia. 7. Wenjing Zhao, M.S., May 2009, Department of Biology, "Activity Study on Several Mutants of Heparin Lyase II," Current

position: Doctoral Program Rensselaer, Troy, NY. 8. Kemal Solakyildirim, M.S., August, 2009, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, "Ultraperformance Liquid

Chromatography with Electrospray Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry for Chondroitin Disaccharide Analysis," Current position: Doctoral Program Rensselaer, Troy, NY.

9. Tyler Poore, M.S., May 2010, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, "Synthesis of C-Linked Polysialic Acid and

Bivalent Influenza Inhibitors," Current position: Doctoral Program, Columbia University, NY, NY. 10. Gabbie Gladstone, M.S., May 2010, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, "Synthesis of Glycans for

Differentiation of Human Teratocarcinoma Cells," Current position: unknown. 11. Nan Chen, M.S., August 2010, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, "Synthesis on N-linked Polysiaic Acid

Analogs," Current position: Doctoral Program, University of Texas, Austin, TX. 12. William Fergus, M.S., May, 2011, Department of Computer Science, "Digital Microfluidics Droplet Discovery and

Identification through use of Hough Transforms," Current position: 13. Chris Stabler, M.S., May, 2011, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, "Sialic Acid as a Tool for Vaccine

Development.," Current position: Research Scientist, Dupont, Wilmington, DE. PATENTS 1. "Process for Producing Heparinase," R.S. Langer, R. Linhardt, C.L. Cooney, P.M. Galliher. U.S. PATENT #4,341,869

(1982). 2. "Process for Neutralizing Heparin," R.S. Langer, R. Linhardt, C.L. Cooney, P.M. Galliher, M.M. Flanagan and M. Klein.

U.S. PATENT #4,373,023 (1983). 3. "Heparinase Derived Anticoagulants," R.S. Langer, R.J. Linhardt, C.L. Cooney, G. Fitzgerald, and A. Grant. U.S. PATENT

#4,396,762 (1983). 4. "Process for Producing Heparinase," R.S. Langer, R.J. Linhardt, C.L. Cooney, and P.M. Galliher. U.S. PATENT #4,443,545

(1984). 5. "Low Molecular Weight Heparin Fragments as Inhibitors of Complement Activation," R.J. Linhardt, Z.M. Merchant, J.M.

Weiler, M.D. Sharath. U.S. PATENT #4,847,338 (1989). 6. "Oligosaccharide Heparin Fragments as Inhibitors of Complement Cascade," R.J. Linhardt, J.M. Weiler, U.S. PATENT

#4,916,219 (1990). 7. "Oligosaccharide Heparin Fragments as Inhibitors of Complement Cascade," R.J. Linhardt, J.M. Weiler, EUROPEAN

PATENT WO 89909088.0 (1990). 8. "Bioerodible Polyanhydrides for Controlled Drug Delivery," R.S. Langer, H.B. Rosen, R.J. Linhardt and K.W. Leong, U.S.

PATENT #4,891,225 (1990). 9. "Bioerodible Polyanhydrides for Controlled Drug Delivery," R.S. Langer, H. B. Rosen, R.J. Linhardt, K. Leong, U.S.

PATENT #4,906,474 (1990). 10. "Method for Producing Rhamnose," L. Daniels, B. Bryan, R.J. Linhardt, U.S. PATENT #4,933,281 (1990).

11. "Gel-Based Sequencing of Oligosaccharides and Polysaccharides," R.J. Linhardt, K.B. Lee, A. Al-Hakim, D. Loganathan,

(1994), U.S. PATENT #5,284,558 (1994). 12. "Purification of Heparin Lyase I, II and III from Flavobacterium Heparinum," R. Sasisekharan, D.L. Lohse, C. Cooney, R.J.

Linhardt, R.S. Langer, European PATENT WO 9412618 (1994).

13. "Method of Making Poly (Sugar Acrylates) Using Hydrolytic Enzymes," J.S. Dordick, B.D. Martin, S. Ampofo, R.J. Linhardt, U.S. PATENT #5,474,915 (1995).

14. "Method of Making Poly (Sugar Acrylates) Using Hydrolytic Enzymes," J.S. Dordick, B.D. Martin, S. Ampofo, R.J.

Linhardt, EUROPEAN PATENT WO 9414823 (1995). 15. "Purification of Heparin Lyase I, II and III from Flavobacterium Heparinum," R. Sasisekharan, D.L. Lohse, C. Cooney, R.J.

Linhardt, R.S. Langer, U.S. Patent #5,389,539 (1995), #RE41,328E (2010). 16. "Purification of Heparin Lyase I, II and III from Flavobacterium Heparinum," R. Sasisekharan, D.L. Lohse, C. Cooney, R.J.

Linhardt, R.S. Langer, JAPANESE PATENT #8-505767 (1996). 17. "Selectin Receptor Modulating Composition," M.P. Bevilacqua, R.M. Nelson, R.J. Linhardt, U.S. PATENT #5,527,785

(1996). 18. "Purification, Composition and Specificity of Heparin Lyase I, II and III from Flavobacterium Heparinum," R. Sasisekharan,

D.L. Lohse, C. Cooney, R.J. Linhardt, R.S. Langer, U.S. PATENT #5,569,600 (1996), Japanese Patent # 2004-135684 (2004); European Patent # EP 0 670 892 B1 (2005); German Patent #693 33 834.2 (2005); Danish Patent # 0 670 892 (2005); French, United Kingdom, Belgium, Swiss, Spanish, Swedish, The Netherlands, Italian Patent # 94 902 450.9 (2005);

19. "Process to Activate Sulfated Polysaccharides," M. Yafuso, R.J. Linhardt, U.S. PATENT #5,583,213 (1996).

20. "Snail Extract Including Acharan Sulfate," Y.S. Kim, Y. Park, R.J. Linhardt, KOREAN PATENT #170064, 1998.

21. "Purification of Heparin Lyase I, II and III from Flavobacterium Heparinum," R. Sasisekharan, D.L. Lohse, C. Cooney, R.J.

Linhardt, R.S. Langer, CANADIAN PATENT #2,150,263 (1998). 22. "Sugar-Based Polymers," J.S. Dordick, D.G. Rethwisch, D.R. Patel, B.D. Martin, R.J. Linhardt, U.S. PATENT #5,854,030

(1998), MEXICAN PATENT #192304 (1999). 23. "Dermatan Disulfate, An Inhibitor of Thrombin and Complement Activation," S.J. Brister, M.R. Buchanan, C.C. Griffin, C.L.

Van Gorp, R.J. Linhardt, U.S. PATENT #5,922,690 (1999); European Patent #EP 0 983 304 B1 (2005). 24. "Chondroitin Lyase Enzymes," C. Bennett, M. Laliberte, K. Gu, J. Zimmerman, L. Tkalec, D. Fink, R.J. Linhardt, U.S.

PATENT #6,054,569 (2000). 25. "Angiogenesis Inhibitors and Use Thereof," M. Bernfield, R.J. Linhardt, Y. Kim, U.S. PATENT #6,028,061, (2000).

26. "Chondroitin Lyase Enzymes," C. Bennett, M. Laliberte, K. Gu, J. Zimmerman, L. Tkaleck, Lydia A., D. Fink, R.J. Linhardt,

U.S. PATENT #6,093,563 (2000). European Patent Application # 05075080.1 (2005). 27. "Regioselective Synthesis of Glucose-Based Surfactants," H.G. Bazin, R.J. Linhardt, U.S. PATENT #6,121,430 (2000).

28. "Sucrose Based Surfactants and Methods Therefore," R.J. Linhardt, H.G. Bazin, T. Polat, U.S. PATENT #6,184,196 (2001).

29. "Methods and Composition for Isolation, Diagnosis and Treatment of Polyanion-Binding Microorganisms," R.M. Marks, Y.

Chen, T. Maguire, R.J. Linhardt, U.S. PATENT # 6,197,568 (2001). 30. "Dermatan Disulfate, An Inhibitor of Thrombin and Complement Activation," S.J. Brister, M.R. Buchanan, C.C. Griffin, C.L.

Van Gorp, R.J. Linhardt, EUROPEAN PATENT PENDING 97936042.7-2115. 31. "Diastereocontrolled Synthesis of Carbon Glycosides of N-Acetylneuraminic Acid via Glycosyl Samarium (III)

Intermediates," I.R. Vlahov, R.J. Linhardt, U.S. PATENT #6,376,662 (2002). 32. "Method for Synthesizing the C-Glycosides of Ulosonic Acids," I.R. Vlahov, R.J. Linhardt, European Patent EP 0 901 498

B1 (2004), German Patent DE 698 26 394 T2 (2005). 33. "Synthesis of Fully Sulfated Chondroitin Sulfates with Anticoagulant Activity," T. Maruyama, T. Toida, T. Imanari, G. Yu,

R.J. Linhardt, Japanese PATENT PENDING. 34. "Method for Synthesizing the C-Glycosides of Ulosonic Acids," Y. Du, T. Polat, R.J. Linhardt, U.S. PATENT # 6,590,110,

2003; EUROPEAN PATENT WO 00/18777, April 6, 2000, JAPANESE PATENT # 2001-502356, February 20. 2001. 35. "C-Glycoside Analogs and Methods for their Preparation and Use," R.J. Linhardt, H.G. Bazin, Y. Du, T. Polat, U.S.

PATENT #6,245,902 (2001). 36. "Structure-Based Design and Synthesis of FGF Inhibitors and FGF Modulator Compounds," M. Mohammadi, D. Green, R.J.

Linhardt, U.S. PATENT PENDING. 37. "Sulfo-Protected Polysaccharides and Methods and Intermediates Useful in their Preparation Groups in Donors and Building

Blocks Used in Glycosylation Reactions," R.J. Linhardt, Tasneem Islam, Nathalie Karst, EUROPEAN PATENT WO 2005/000907 A1, 2005, U.S. PATENT PENDING.

38. "O-Acetylated Low Molecular Weight Heparins as Antiproliferative Agents for Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Cancer,"

C.A. Hales, H.G. Garg, R.J. Linhardt, L. Yu, U.S. PATENT PENDING; EUROPEAN PATENT WO 2005/089365 A2. 39. "Treatment and Prevention of Abnormal Cellular Proliferation," C.A. Hales, H.G. Garg, R.J. Linhardt, L. Yu, U.S. PATENT

# 7,538,096 (2009). 40. "Blood Compatible Nanomaterials and Methods of Making and Using the Same," R. J. Linhardt, S. Murugesan, T. Park, PCT

WO 2008/045021 A2, U.S. PATENT PENDING. 41. "Enzymatic Synthesis of Sulfated Polysaccharides," J. Liu, J. Chen, R. J. Linhardt, F. Y. Avci, E. M. Munoz, U.S.

2009/0197308 A1. 42. "Composition and Method for Treating Occlusive Vascular Diseases, Nerve Regeneration and Wound Healing using Novel

Sulfated Saccharides and Conjugated Polymeric Forms by Promoting Angiogenesis, Vasculargenesis and Neurogenesis," S. Mousa, R. J. Linhardt, U.S. PATENT #7,741,311 (2010).

43. "Fabrication of carbohydrate-Based Biomaterials Using Room Temperature Ionic Liquids," R. J. Linhardt, S. Murugesan,

U.S. PATENT PENDING. 44. "Energy Storage Devices and Composite Articles Associated with the Same," P. M. Ajayan, R. J. Linhardt, O. Nalamasu, A.

Kumar, S. Murugesan, S. M. Manikoth, V. L. Pushparaj, U.S. PATENT PENDING. 45. "Blood Compatible Activated Carbon Beads for Extracorporeal Blood Detoxification," R. J. Linhardt, T. Park, S. Murugesan,

J. Martin, U.S. PATENT PENDING. 46. "Heparan sulfate proteoglycan compositions and use thereof," A. de Agostini, R. J. Linhardt, U.S. PATENT 2010/0004196

Al. 47. "An artificial organelle on a digital microfluidic chip used to redesign the biological activities of heparan sulfate," R. J.

Linhardt, J. S. Dordick, J. G. Martin, U.S. PATENT PENDING. 48. "Synthetic wood composite," J. S. Dordick, T. J. Simmons, M. Miyauchi, S.-H. Lee, U.S. PATENT PENDING.

49. "Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Arixtra" R. J. Linhardt, J. Liu, M. Weïwer S. Masuka J. S. Dordick, U.S. PATENT

PENDING. 50. "K5 heparosan fermentation and purification", Z. Wang J. S. Dordick, R. J. Linhardt, U.S. PATENT PENDING

51. Controlled Photochemical Depolymerization of K5 Heparosan, K.Higashi, Z. Wang, U. Bhaskar, M. Ly, F. Zhang, T. Toida,

J. S. Dordick, R. J. Linhardt, U.S. PATENT PENDING. 52. Ozonolysis of the double bonds from unsaturated polysaccharides, S. Masuko, K. Higashi, T. Toida, J. Dordick, R.J.

Linhardt, U.S. PATENT PENDING.

LITERATURE AND PATENT REVIEWS Literature and Patent Editor, Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 1985-1987. 1. "Immobilized Biocatalysts: Patents and Literature," R.J. Linhardt, Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 11, 153-163

(1985). 2. "Nucleic Acid Technology: Patents and Literature," R.J. Linhardt, Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 11, 333-348

(1985). 3. "Affinity Separations: Patents and Literature," R.J. Linhardt, Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 11, 409-426 (1985).

4. "Bioassays: Patents and Literature," R.J. Linhardt, Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 11, 465-487 (1985).

5. "Enzymes and Cells in Organic Solvents and Supercritical Fluids: Patents and Literature," R.J. Linhardt, Applied

Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 12, 67-76 (1986). 6. "Applications of Polysaccharides: Patents and Literature," R.J. Linhardt, Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 12, 177-

197 (1986). 7. "Microbial Transformations and Bioconversions: Patents and Literature," R.J. Linhardt, Applied Biochemistry and

Biotechnology, 12, 249-262 (1986). 8. "DNA Probes for Clinical Applications: Patents and Literature," R.J. Linhardt, Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 12,

301-310 (1986). 9. "Protein Engineering and Site-Directed-Mutagenesis: Patents and Literature," R.J. Linhardt, Applied Biochemistry and

Biotechnology, 12, 75-83 (1986). 10. "Mammalian Cell Culture: Patents and Literature," R.J. Linhardt, Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 13, 167-178

(1986). 11. "Microbial Transformations and Bioconversions: Patents and Literature," R.J. Linhardt, Applied Biochemistry and

Biotechnology, 13, 249-262 (1986). 12. "Immobilized Biocatalysts: Patents and Literature," R.J. Linhardt, Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 14, 121-145

(1987). 13. "Monoclonal Antibodies and Immobilized Antibodies: Patents and Literature," R.J. Linhardt, Applied Biochemistry and

Biotechnology, 15, 53-80 (1987). 14. "Bioassays: Patents and Literature," R.J. Linhardt, Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 15, 279-295 (1987).

NON-TECHNICAL PUBLCATIONS 1. "Drug," R.J. Linhardt, The World Book Encyclopedia, World Book Publishing, Chicago, V5, pp 350-360, 1996. 2. "Thalidomide Makes a Comeback," R.J. Linhardt, The World Book Encyclopedia Science Year 1997, World Book

Publishing, Chicago, p 217, 1996. 3. "Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry 1st International Meeting, IMMPC-1" R.J. Linhardt, Current Drugs, 2002.

4. "Working Group Report: The Roles of Glycans in Hemostasis, Inflammation and Vascular Biology," A.P. Varki, L.G. Baum,

S.L. Bellis, R.D. Cummings, J.D. Esko, G.W. Hart, R.J. Linhardt, J.B. Lowe, R.P. McEver, A. Srivastava, R. Sarkar Glycobiology, 18, 747–749, 2008.

PAPERS PRESENTED AT NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL MEETINGS 1. "Preparation, Purification and Immobilization of Microbial Heparinase," R.J. Linhardt, R. Langer, C.L. Cooney, P.M.

Galliher, M.M. Flanagan, NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, Division of Biological Chemistry, Las Vegas, NV, August, 1980.

2. "A System for Heparin Removal," R. Langer, R.J. Linhardt, P.M. Galliher, C.L. Cooney, M.M. Flanagan, AMERICAN

INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, SYMPOSIUM ON BIOMATERIALS, Chicago, IL, November, 1980. 3. "Microbial Heparinase: Its Importance in Studying the Structure and Biological Activity of Heparin," R.J. Linhardt, R.

Langer, C.L. Cooney, P.M. Galliher, G. Fitzgerald, NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, Division of Carbohydrate Chemistry, New York, NY, August, 1981.

4. "Heparinase Production by Flavobacterium heparinum," P.M. Galliher, R. Langer, R.J. Linhardt, NATIONAL MEETING

OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, Division of Microbial and Biochemical Technology, New York, NY, August, 1981.

5. "Immobilized Heparinase - A New Approach to Heparinize Extracorporeal Medical Machines Without Simultaneous Systemic Heparinization," R. Langer, R.J. Linhardt, C.L. Cooney, SIXTH INTERNATIONAL ENZYME ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, Tokyo, Japan, September, 1981.

6. "Blood Deheparinization Using Immobilized Microbial Heparinase," R.J. Linhardt, R. Langer, C.L. Cooney, P.M. Galliher,

M.M. Flanagan and S.M. Hoffberg, THE SECOND WORLD CONGRESS OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, Montreal, Canada, October, 1981.

7. "In Vivo Activity of Microbial Heparinase," R. Langer, R.J. Linhardt, A. Larsen, C.L. Cooney, D. Tapper, M. Klein,

AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR ARTIFICIAL INTERNAL ORGANS, Chicago, IL, 1982. 8. "An Immobilized Microbial Heparinase for Blood Deheparinization," R.J. Linhardt, C.L. Cooney, R. Langer, NATIONAL

MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, Symposium on Enzyme and Microbial Technology - Immobilized Biocatalysts, Division of Microbial and Biochemical Technology, Kansas City, MO, September, 1982.

9. "Bioerodible Polyanhydrides for Controlled Drug Delivery," R.J. Linhardt, H.B. Rosen and R. Langer, NATIONAL

MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, Polymer Science and Engineering Lecture Series No. 7: Introduction to Medical Applications of Polymers, Division of Polymer Chemistry, Seattle, WA, March, 1983.

10. "Heparinase: In Vivo Activity and Immunogenicity in Rabbits," M.D. Klein, R.A. Drongowski, R.J. Linhardt, C.L. Cooney,

R. Langer, AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE ANNUAL MEETING, Medical Sciences Section, Detroit, MI, May 1983.

11. "Sequencing of Heparin: Structure and Activity of Heparin Fragments," Z.M. Merchant, Y.S. Kim, R.J. Linhardt,

NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, Division of Carbohydrate Chemistry, St. Louis, MO, April, 1984.

12. "Progress in Sequencing Heparin," R.J. Linhardt, Z.M. Merchant, K.G. Rice, Y.S. Kim, GORDON RESEARCH

CONFERENCE ON PROTEOGLYCANS, Plymouth, NH, 1984. 13. "Enzymatic Preparation of Anticoagulants from Heparin," R.J. Linhardt, M.D. Sharath, Z.M. Merchant, Y.S. Kim, K.G. Rice

and J.M. Weiler, FEDERATION OF AMERICAN SOCIETIES FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY, The American Association of Immunologists, Anaheim, CA, April, 1985.

14. "Small Heparin Fragments Inhibit Complement Activation," R.J. Linhardt, M.D. Sharath, Z.M. Merchant, Y.S. Kim, K.G.

Rice and J.M. Weiler, FEDERATION OF AMERICAN SOCIETIES FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY, The American Association of Immunologists, Anaheim, CA, April, 1985.

15. "Effect of Cortisone and Heparin on DNA Synthesis in Cerebral Endothelium In Vitro," J.J. Olson, D.W. Beck, R.J. Linhardt,

N.J. Hays, AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF NEUROPATHOLOGY, Boston, MA, May, 1985. 16. "Isolation and Characterization of Low Molecular Weight Heparin-Derived Oligosaccharides," Z.M. Merchant, Y.S. Kim,

K.G. Rice, D.L. Lohse, R.J. Linhardt, NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, Division of Carbohydrate Chemistry, Chicago, IL, September, 1985.

17. "Biological Activity of Very Low Molecular Weight Heparin Oligosaccharides," Z.M. Merchant, Y.S. Kim, K.G. Rice, D.L.

Lohse, R.J. Linhardt, NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, Division of Biological Chemistry, Chicago, IL, September, 1985.

18. "Variation in Composition and Yield of Exopolysaccharides Produced by Klebsiella, Acinetobacter, and Rhodotorula

Species," B.A. Bryan, R.J. Linhardt, L. Daniels, AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MICROBIOLOGY, Annual Meeting, Washington, DC, March, 1986.

19. "Examination of the Structure and Lipase Activity of Low Molecular Weight Heparin Oligosaccharides," Z.M. Merchant,

E.E. Erbe, R.J. Linhardt, NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, Division of Carbohydrate Chemistry, New York, NY, April, 1986.

20. "Structure and Activity of a Unique Heparin-Derived Hexasaccharide," R.J. Linhardt, K.G. Rice, Z.M. Merchant, Y.S. Kim,

D.L. Lohse, GORDON RESEARCH CONFERENCE ON PROTEOGLYCANS, Andover, NH, July 1986. 21. "Structure and Activity of a Unique Heparin-Derived Oligosaccharide," Z.M. Merchant, K.G. Rice, Y.S. Kim, R.J. Linhardt,

XIII INTERNATIONAL CARBOHYDRATE SYMPOSIUM, Ithaca, NY, August, 1986. 22. "New Approaches for Anticoagulation in Extracorporeal Therapy," R.J. Linhardt, R. Langer, VIIth INTERNATIONAL

SYMPOSIUM ON HEMOPERFUSION, Kiev, USSR, September, 1986. 23. "Gradient PAGE and Strong Anion Exchange HPLC as Analytical Tools for Sequencing the Heparin Polymer," K.G. Rice,

Y.S. Kim, D.L. Lohse, R.J. Linhardt, NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, Division of Carbohydrate Chemistry, Denver, CO, April, 1987.

24. "Extracellular Matrices Influence Human Glioma Replication and Migration," M.M. Poor, D.W. Beck, R.J. Linhardt,

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF NEUROLOGICAL SURGEONS, Annual Meeting, Dallas, TX, May, 1987. 25. "Extracellular Matrices Influence Cerebral Endothelial Cell Replication and Migration," M.M. Poor, D.W. Beck, R.J.

Linhardt, NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF NEUROPATHOLOGISTS, Seattle, WA, June, 1987.

26. "New Approaches to Sequencing Heparin," R.J. Linhardt, K.G. Rice, Y.S. Kim and D.L. Lohse, IXth INTERNATIONAL

SYMPOSIUM ON GLYCOCONJUGATES, Lille, France, July, 1987. 27. "Liquid Chromatography With Pulsed Amperometric Detection For the Microdetermination of the Carbohydrate

Composition of Glycoproteins," K.B. Lee, R.J. Linhardt, NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, Division of Biological Chemistry, New Orleans, LA, August, 1987.

28. "Heparinoids in Stroke: Anti-Xa Activities in Patients Receiving ORG 10172," E.W. Massey, J. Biller, J.N. Davis, H.P.

Adams, C.S. Greenberg, T. Bjornsson, J.R. Marler, A. Bruno, M. Alberts, L. Goldstein, R.J. Linhardt, R.A. Henriksen, C.T. Kisker and H.N. Magnani, THE AMERICAN NEUROLOGICAL ASSOCIATION MEETING, San Francisco, CA, October, 1987.

29. "Heparin: Structure and Sequencing," R.J. Linhardt and K.G. Rice, ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOCIETY FOR

COMPLEX CARBOHYDRATES, Washington, DC, November, 1987. 30. "The Use of Pellicular Ion Exchange Resins for the Separation of Acidic Carbohydrates," S.R. Carter, R.J. Linhardt, W.T.

Edwards and J.D. Olechno, ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOCIETY FOR COMPLEX CARBOHYDRATES, Washington, DC, November, 1987.

31. "LC Using Pulsed Amperometric Detection for the Microdetermination of the Carbohydrate Composition of Glycoproteins,"

R.J. Linhardt and K. B. Lee, Carbohydrate Forum, Separation and Detection of Carbohydrates, ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOCIETY FOR COMPLEX CARBOHYDRATES, Washington, DC, November, 1987.

32. "Use of Computer Simulation on the Massively Parallel Processor to Study the Structural Features of Heparin," D.M. Cohen,

R.J. Linhardt, THIRD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SUPERCOMPUTING AND SECOND WORLD SUPERCOMPUTER EXHIBITION, Boston, MA, May, 1988.

33. "Fundamental Oligosaccharides Derived from Heparin and Their Correlation to Anticoagulant Activity," R.J. Linhardt, K.G.

Rice, Y.S. Kim, D.L. Lohse, H.M. Wang, D. Loganathan, NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, Division of Carbohydrate Chemistry, Toronto, Canada, June, 1988.

34. "Fast Atom Bombardment Mass Spectrometry of Heparin-Derived, Highly Sulfated Oligosaccharides," L. Mallis, H.M.

Wang, R.J. Linhardt, AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MASS SPECTROMETRY, San Francisco, CA, June, 1988. 35. "Heparin Lyase Produced Oligosaccharide Components of Heparin," R.J. Linhardt, D. Loganathan and H.M. Wang,

GORDON RESEARCH CONFERENCE ON PROTEOGLYCANS, Andover, NH, June, 1988. 36. "Structural Studies on Heparin-Derived Oligosaccharides," R.J. Linhardt, D. Loganathan and Z.M. Merchant, IVth

INTERNATIONAL CARBOHYDRATE SYMPOSIUM, Stockholm, Sweden, August, 1988. 37. "Coupled Transport/Chemistry Problems on MPP," G.R. Carmichael, D.M. Cohen, F. Potra, R. Marciano, W.C. Shin, R.J.

Linhardt, SECOND SYMPOSIUM ON MASSIVELY PARALLEL COMPUTATION, Fairfax, VA, October, 1988. 38. "Chemical Engineering Applications on the MPP, Alliant FX/8 and E core Multimax Parallel Computers," G.R. Carmichael,

D.M. Cohen, F. Potra, R. Marciano, W.C. Shin and R.J. Linhardt, AIChE ANNUAL MEETING, Washington, DC, November, 1988.

39. "Random and Non-Random Structural Features in the Heparin Polymer," D.M. Cohen and R.J. Linhardt, NATIONAL

MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, Division of Carbohydrate Chemistry, Dallas, TX, April, 1989. 40. "Quantitative Analysis of the Monomer Products Formed on the Hydrolysis of Poly (Esters) and Poly(Anhydrides)," R.J.

Linhardt, D.R. Flanagan, E. Schmitt, H.T. Wang, Symposium on Polymeric Controlled Release of Bioactive Agents, NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, Division of Polymer Chemistry, Dallas, TX, April, 1989.

41. "Antithrombin III Inhibits Complement Activation," J.M. Weiler, J.D. Engelken, R.J. Linhardt, FEDERATION OF THE

AMERICAN SOCIETIES FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY, The American Association of Immunologists, New Orleans, LA, March, 1989.

42. "A Structural Variant of the Antithrombin III Binding Site and its Distribution in Heparin from Different Sources," D.

Loganathan, R.J. Linhardt, THE JACQUES MONOD CONFERENCE ON STRUCTURE, METABOLISM, AND GENETICS OF GLYCOCONJUGATES, Aussois, France, June, 1989.

43. "Structure and Sequence Determination of Heparin," R.J. Linhardt, GORDON RESEARCH CONFERENCE ON

CARBOHYDRATES, Tilton, NH, June, 1989. 44. "Sequencing the Polysaccharide Component of Proteoglycans Using Discontinuous Gradient Polyacrylamide Gel

Electrophoresis," A. Al-Hakim and R.J. Linhardt, ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN ELECTROPHORESIS SOCIETY, Washington, DC, July, 1989.

45. "Molecular and Biological Profiling of LMW Heparins," R.J. Linhardt, J.M. Walenga, H.M. Wang, D. Loganathan, A. Al-

Hakim, J. Fareed, XIIIth CONGRESS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY ON THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS, Tokyo, Japan, August, 1989.

46. "Fast Atom Bombardment Mass Spectrometry of Heparin-Derived, Highly Sulfated Oligosaccharides," L. Mallis, H.M.

Wang, D. Loganathan, R.J. Linhardt, SECOND INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON MASS SPECTROMETRY IN HEALTH AND LIFE SCIENCES, San Francisco, CA, August 1989.

47. "Analysis of Glycosaminoglycan-Derived Oligosaccharides Using Reversed Phase Ion-Pairing and Ion-Exchange

Chromatography with Suppressed Conductivity Detection," R.J. Linhardt, K.N. Gu, D. Loganathan, S.R. Carter, ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOCIETY FOR COMPLEX CARBOHYDRATES, Ann Arbor, MI, November, 1989.

48. "A Structural Variant of the Antithrombin III Binding Site and Its Distribution in Heparin from Different Sources," R.J.

Linhardt, D. Loganathan, ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOCIETY FOR COMPLEX CARBOHYDRATES, Ann Arbor, MI, November, 1989.

49. "Molecular Heterogeneity of Glycosaminoglycans," R.J. Linhardt, Symposium on Current Development in

Glycosaminoglycans," GERMAN SOCIETY OF THROMBOSIS, Kiel, West Germany, February, 1990. 50. "Structure and Metabolism of Glycosaminoglycans," R.J. Linhardt, New Trends in Haemostasis, ACADEMY OF SCIENCE,

THE UNIVERSITY OF HEIDELBERG, Heidelberg, West Germany, March, 1990. 51. "Modification and Potential Uses of Heparin and other Acidic Polysaccharides," R.J. Linhardt, Symposium on Polymers from

Biotechnology, NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, Divisions of Biotechnology and of Polymeric Materials, Boston, MA, April, 1990.

52. "Biodegradable Poly (Esters) for the Delivery of Bioactive Agents," R.J. Linhardt, D.R. Flanagan, H.T. Wang, E. Schmitt,

Symposium on Polymers as Biomaterials, NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, Division of Polymer Chemistry, Boston, MA, April, 1990.

53. "New Approaches to Sequencing the Heparin Polymer," R.J. Linhardt, Symposium on Heparin: Chemistry, Biochemistry and

Analysis, NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, Division of Carbohydrate Chemistry, Boston, MA, April, 1990.

54. "Ultrasensitive Analysis of Glycosaminoglycans Aimed at Understanding Biologically Relevant Modifications," R.J.

Linhardt, GORDON RESEARCH CONFERENCE ON PROTEOGLYCANS, Andover, NH, June, 1990. 55. "Biodegradable Poly(Ester) Microspheres for Delivery of Bioactive Agents," R.J. Linhardt, D.R. Flanagan, H.T. Wang, E.

Schmitt, AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERS, Symposium on Polymers for Drug Delivery, San Diego, CA, August 1990.

56. "Biodegradable Poly (Esters) for the Controlled Delivery of Vaccines," R.J. Linhardt, H.T. Wang, D.R. Flanagan, E. Schmitt,

H. Palmer, NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, Division of Polymeric Material Sciences and Engineering, Washington, DC, August, 1990.

57. "A New Method for Sequencing Carbohydrates on Gels Using Charged and Fluorescent Conjugates," K.B. Lee, A. Al-Hakim, D. Loganathan, R.J. Linhardt, XVth INTERNATIONAL CARBOHYDRATE SYMPOSIUM, Yokohama, Japan, August 1990.

58. "Heparin Inhibits Complement (C) Activation in Guinea Pigs," R.E. Edens, D.P. Kapelanski, R.J. Linhardt, J.M. Weiler,

FEDERATION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETIES FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY, Atlanta, GA, April, 1991. 59. "Electrophoresis Based Sequencing of Oligosaccharides," K.B. Lee, R.J. Linhardt, A. Al-Hakim, NATIONAL MEETING

OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, Division of Carbohydrate Chemistry, Atlanta, GA, April, 1991. 60. "Stochastic Simulation as a Probe of Enzyme Action," D.M. Cohen, R.J. Linhardt, INTERFACE 91, THE SYMPOSIUM ON

THE INTERFACE OF COMPUTING SCIENCE AND STATISTICS, Seattle, WA, April, 1991. 61. "The Human Milk Inhibitors of HIV Binding," D.S. Newberg, R.J. Linhardt, J. Peterson, L. Ellis, M. Hamosh, R.H. Yolken,

THE AMERICAN PEDIATRIC SOCIETY, New Orleans, LA, April, 1991. 62. "Analysis of Sulfated Glycosaminoglycans For the Determination of Sulfate Position Using Fast Atom Bombardment

Ionization and Tandem Mass Spectrometry", D.J. Lamb, L.M. Mallis, R.J. Linhardt, H.M. Wang, D. Loganathan, AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY, Nashville, TN, May, 1991.

63. "Isolation and Characterization of Heparin Present in a Human Hemangioma," R.J. Linhardt, S.A. Ampofo, J. Fareed, J.

Folkman, XIII CONGRESS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY ON THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, June, 1991.

64. "Capillary and Gel Electrophoresis Based Oligosaccharide Sequencing," K.B. Lee, R.J. Linhardt, A. Al-Hakim, 11th

INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON GLYCOCONJUGATES, Toronto, Canada, July 1991. 65. "Search For the Heparin Antithrombin III Binding-Site Precursor," R.J. Linhardt, H.M. Wang, D. Loganathan, J.H. Bae,

NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, Division of Carbohydrate Chemistry, New York, NY, August, 1991.

66. "Analysis of Sulfated Glycosaminoglycans for the Determination of Sulfate Position Using Fast Atom Bombardment

Ionization and Tandem Mass Spectrometry," D.J. Lamb, L.M. Mallis, R.J. Linhardt, H.M. Wang, D. Loganathan, 12th INTERNATIONAL MASS SPECTROMETRY CONFERENCE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, August 1991.

67. "Heparin and LMW-Heparins: Structure and Preparation," R.J. Linhardt, INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON HEPARIN

AND RELATED POLYSACCHARIDES, Biomedical Center, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden, September, 1991. 68. "Heparin and Modified Heparin Inhibit Complement Activation In Vivo," R.E. Edens, R.J. Linhardt, D.P. Kapelanski, J.M.

Weiler, COMPLEMENT WORKSHOP, Cambridge, England, September, 1991. 69. "Degradation and Release Properties of Poly(DL-Lactide-co-Glycolide, 50:50) Pellets Fabricated From Three Commercial

Polymers", E. Schmitt D.R. Flanagan, R.J. Linhardt, AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENTISTS, Washington D.C., November 1991.

70. "Structure and Activity of Glycosaminoglycans," R.J. Linhardt, GLYCOBIOLOGY II, SECOND KEYSTONE

CONFERENCE IN GLYCOBIOLOGY, Park City, UT, March 1992. 71. "Biodegradable Polymers for the Controlled Delivery of Vaccines," E. Schmitt, D.R. Flanagan, R.J. Linhardt, NATIONAL

MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, Division of Polymeric Materials Science and Engineering, San Francisco, CA, April 1992.

72. "Fundamental Studies on the Hydration, Erosion and Release Properties of Biodegradable Poly(esters)," E. Schmitt, D.R.

Flanagan, R.J. Linhardt, NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, Division of Polymeric Material Sciences, San Francisco, CA, April 1992.

73. "Negative Ion FAB Tandem MS to Determine Sulfate and Linkage Position in Glycosaminoglycan-Derived Disaccharides,"

H.M. Wang, L.M. Mallis, D.J. Lamb, R.J. Linhardt, NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, Division of Carbohydrate Chemistry, San Francisco, CA, April 1992.

74. "Carbohydrates as Drug Carriers," R.J. Linhardt, GORDON RESEARCH CONFERENCE ON DRUG CARRIERS IN

BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE, Tilton, NH, July, 1992. 75. "Specificity Studies on Heparin Lyases. A Conformational Analysis Based Approach to Understanding Enzyme Action,"

U.R. Desai, H.M. Wang, D.L. Lohse, R.J. Linhardt, NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, Division of Carbohydrate Chemistry, Washington, D.C., August, 1992.

76. "Complete Mass Balance in Compositional Analysis of Heparins by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis," U.R. Desai, S.A.

Ampofo, H.M. Wang, R.J. Linhardt, NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, Division of Carbohydrate Chemistry, Washington, D.C., August, 1992.

77. "Diffusional Transport of Alkyl p-Aminobenzoates Through Poly(DL-Lactide-co-Glycolide, 50:50), Poly(ε-Caprolactone)

Blends", E.A. Schmitt D.R. Flanagan, R.J. Linhardt, AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENTISTS, San Antonio, TX, November 1992.

78. "Chemoenzymatic Synthesis and Materials Properties of Sugar-Containing Polyacrylate Hydrogels," B.D. Martin, J.S.

Dordick, R.J. Linhardt, S. Ampofo, NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, Division of Carbohydrate Chemistry, Denver, CO, April, 1993.

79. "Heparin, Low Molecular Weight Heparin and Heparinoids," R.J. Linhardt, CAMBRIDGE HEALTHCARE INSTITUTE

(CHI) GLYCOTECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, San Francisco, CA, May, 1993. 80. "Heparin-Antithrombin III Interaction Using Consensus Peptide Models and Affinity Coelectrophoresis," R.J. Linhardt, R.E.

Edens, J.H. Bae, U.R. Desai, A. Pervin, E. Caldwell, J.M. Weiler, CAMBRIDGE HEALTHCARE INSTITUTE (CHI) GLYCOTECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, San Francisco, CA, May, 1993.

81. "Oligosaccharide Conjugates for Electrophoresis Based Sequencing of Glycoprotein Derived Oligosaccharides," X.J. Han, A.

Pervin, U.R. Desai, R.J. Linhardt, CAMBRIDGE HEALTHCARE INSTITUTE (CHI) GLYCOTECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, San Francisco, CA, May, 1993.

82. "Approach for Sequencing The Glycosaminoglycan Chains of Proteoglycans," J. Liu, U.R. Desai, R.J. Linhardt,

CAMBRIDGE HEALTHCARE INSTITUTE (CHI) GLYCOTECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, San Francisco, CA, May, 1993.

83. "Low Molecular Weight Dermatan Sulfate as an Antithrombotic Agent: Structure Activity Studies," R.J. Linhardt, U.R.

Desai, J. Liu, D. Hoppensteadt, J. Fareed, XIV CONGRESS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY ON THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS, New York, NY, July 1993.

84. "Heparin and its Interaction with Antithrombin III," R.J. Linhardt, R.E. Edens. J.H. Bae, U.R. Desai, A. Pervin. E. Caldwell,

J.M. Weiler, XIV CONGRESS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY ON THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS, New York, NY, July 1993.

85. "Heparin Content and Structure in Hemangiomas," R.J. Linhardt, A. Pervin, S.A. Ampofo, J. Fareed, J.B. Mulliken, J.

Folkman, XIV CONGRESS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY ON THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS, New York, NY, July 1993.

86. "Purification and Characterization of Chondroitin Lyases from Flavobacterium heparinum," K. Gu, R.J. Linhardt,

NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, Division of Carbohydrate Chemistry, Chicago, IL, August, 1993.

87. "Approach for Sequencing the Glycosaminoglycan Chains of Proteoglycans," J. Liu, U.R. Desai, R.J. Linhardt, NATIONAL

MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, Division of Carbohydrate Chemistry, Chicago, IL, August, 1993. 88. "Polysaccharide Protein Interaction: Study of Heparin Binding to ATIII Using a Synthetic Peptide Model," J.H. Bae, U.R.

Desai, A. Pervin, E. Caldwell, J.M. Weiler, R.J. Linhardt, NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, Division of Carbohydrate Chemistry, Chicago, IL, August, 1993.

89. "Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Sugar-Based Biodegradable Water Absorbents," J.S. Dordick, B.D. Martin, X. Chen, R.J.

Linhardt, D.G. Rethwisch NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, Division of Polymeric Materials: Science and Engineering, Chicago, IL, August, 1993.

90. "Interaction of Acidic Fibroblast Growth Factor (aFGF) with Polyanions and Heparin," J. Fromm, R.J. Linhardt, D.

Loganathan, Fibroblast Growth Factors and their Receptors in Development and Disease, A Growth Factor Conference in the MCDS/ISU Symposium Series, Ames, Iowa, September 1993.

91. "Interaction of Acidic Oligosaccharides with Proteins and Peptides," R.J. Linhardt, J. Fromm, A. Pervin, V. Nadkarni, E.O.

Caldwell, J.M. Weiler, NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, Division of Carbohydrate Chemistry, Chicago, IL, August, 1993.

92. "The Hydration and Degradation of Poly(DL-Lactide-Co-Glycolide) Polymers: Evidence for Multiple Water Environments",

E.A. Schmitt D.R. Flanagan, R.J. Linhardt, AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENTISTS, Orlando, FL, November 1993.

93. "Accelerated Degradation of Poly(ε-Caprolactone) by Basic and Acidic Compounds", W. J. Lin, D.R. Flanagan, R.J.

Linhardt, AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENTISTS, Orlando, FL, November 1993. 94. "Purification of Specific Heparin Sequences Using an Affinity Chromatography Resin Created Via Solid Phase Peptide

Synthesis," E.O. Caldwell, J.M. Weiler, R.J. Linhardt, HPLC 94, Minneapolis, MN, May, 1994. 95. "Analysis of Sulfated Carbohydrates," R.J. Linhardt, HPLC 94, Minneapolis, MN, May, 1994. 96. "Use of Polysaccharide Lyases for Carbohydrate Production," R.J. Linhardt, R.J. Kerns, CAMBRIDGE HEALTHCARE

INSTITUTE (CHI) GLYCOTECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, San Diego, CA, May, 1994. 97. "Structure and Sequence Determination of Heparin Peptidoglycan and Decorin Proteoglycan," R.J. Linhardt, GORDON

RESEARCH CONFERENCE ON PROTEOGLYCANS, Andover, NH, June, 1994. 98. "Analysis of Carbohydrates by Capillary Electrophoresis," R.J. Linhardt, 1994 FACCS MEETING, St. Louis, MO, October,

1994. 99. "Thermal Analysis and Degradation Studies on Poly(ε-Caprolactone) Blends", W.J. Lin, D.R. Flanagan, R.J. Linhardt,

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENTISTS, San Diego, CA, November 1994. 100. "Interaction of Acidic Fibroblast Growth Factor (aFGF) and Peptides with Heparin and Heparan Sulfate," J.R. Fromm, R.J.

Linhardt, V. Nadkarni, A. Pervin, E.E.O. Caldwell, J.M. Weiler, 23 rd ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOCIETY FOR GLYCOBIOLOGY, Notre Dame, IN, November, 1994.

101. "Characterization of Low Molecular Weight Heparin Using Capillary Electrophoresis and 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

Spectrometry," R.J. Linhardt, U. R. Desai, A. Pervin 17th WORLD CONGRESS OF THE INTERNATIONAL UNION OF ANGIOLOGY, London, England, April 1995.

102. "Isolation and Characterization of Heparan Sulfates from Porcine Intestinal Mucosal Peptidoglycan Heparin," C. C. Griffin,

S.E. Brown, R.J. Linhardt, R.E. Hileman, R. L. Schubert, FEDERATION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETIES FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY, San Francisco, CA, May, 1995.

103. "Relative Importance of Amino Acids in Heparin and Heparan Sulfate Protein Binding Sites," E.E.O. Caldwell, V. Nadkarni,

J. R. Fromm, R.J. Linhardt, J.M. Weiler, FOURTEENTH AMERICAN PEPTIDE SYMPOSIUM, Columbus, OH, June, 1995.

104. "Differential Binding of Arginine and Lysine Containing Peptides to Glycosaminoglycans," J. R. Fromm, R.E. Hileman,

E.E.O. Caldwell, R.J. Linhardt, J.M. Weiler, FOURTEENTH AMERICAN PEPTIDE SYMPOSIUM, Columbus, OH, June, 1995.

105. "Characterization of A Heparan Sulfate," R.J. Linhardt, R. E. Hileman, C.C. Griffin, S.E. Brown, R.L. Schubert, C. L. Van

Gorp, XV CONGRESS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY ON THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS, Jerusalem, Israel, June, 1995.

106. "Characterization of A Heparan Sulfate by 1H-NMR and CE Analysis," T. Toida, T. Imanari, R.E. Hileman, R.J. Linhardt,

INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON GLYCOCONJUGATES, Seattle, WA, August, 1995. 107. "Highly Regio- and Stereo-selective Synthesis of Glycosaminoglycan Oligosaccharides," I. Vlahov, R.J. Linhardt,

INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON GLYCOCONJUGATES, Seattle, WA, August, 1995. 108. "Differential Importance of Basic Amino Acids in Heparin Binding Proteins," R. E. Hileman, J. R. Fromm, V. D. Nadkarni,

E.E.O. Caldwell, J.M. Weiler, R.J. Linhardt, ELECTRONC GLYCOSCIENCE CONFERENCE -1 , Internet and World Wide Web, September, 1995.

109. "Heparin: An Important Drug Enters Its Seventh Decade," R.J. Linhardt, 18th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON

SCIENCE AND TEHNOLOGY, New Delhi, India, November, 1995. 110. "Analysis of Glycosaminoglycans: Past and Future Challenges," R.J. Linhardt, THIRD INTERNATIONAL

GLYCOBIOLOGY SYMPOSIUM, San Diego, CA, November, 1995.

111. "Characterization of Low Molecular Weight Heparins," R.J. Linhardt, FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION MEETING

ON THE CHARACTERIZATION OF BIOTECHNOLOGY PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS, Washington, DC, December, 1995.

112. "Heparin and Heparin Oligosaccharides: Preparation, Analysis, Application and Biological Activities," R.J. Linhardt, R.J.

Kerns, I. Vlahov, 1995 INTERNATIONAL CHEMICAL CONGRESS OF PACIFIC BASIN SOCIETIES, Honolulu, HA, December, 1995.

113. "Analysis of Acidic Oligosaccharides and Glycosaminoglycans," R.J. Linhardt, DIVISION OF CARBOHYDRATE

CHEMISTRY, AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, New Orleans, LA, March, 1996. 114. "The Inhibition of the Classical Pathway of Complement by Modified Heparins" E.E.O. Caldwell, V. Nadkarni, R.J.

Linhardt, K. Hansen, J.M. Weiler, COMPLEMENT WORKSHOP, Boston, MA, June, 1996. 115. "General Requirements for Protein-Glycosaminoglycan Interaction," R.E. Hileman, J.R. Fromm, E.E.O. Caldwell, J.M.

Weiler, R.J. Linhardt, ELECTRONC GLYCOSCIENCE CONFERENCE-2, Internet and World Wide Web, September, 1996.

116. “Effects of Heparin and CL-03135 on Complement Activation in vitro and Thrombin Generation During Cardiopulmonary

Bypass (CPB) in vivo,” S.J. Brister, M.R. Buchanan, C.C. Griffin, R.J. Linhardt, C.L. Van Gorp, FOURTEENTH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON THROMBOSIS, Montpellier, France, October, 1996.

117. "Determining Glycan Structures Produced in Insect Cells," M.W. Wolff, E.F. Finn, Y. Park, D. L. Jarvis, R.J. Linhardt, D.

W. Murhammer, AIChE Meeting, Chicago, IL, November, 1996. 118. "Heparin: Structure, Activity and a New Potential Applications," R.J. Linhardt, ‘96 CARBOHYDRATE SYMPOSIUM,

KIST, Daeduck Science City, South Korea, November, 1996. 119. "Isolation of a New Anaerobic Strain Degrading Glycosaminoglycans in Human Intestine," M.I. Ahn, S.J. Wu, B.S. Hahn,

K.H. Shin, R.J. Linhardt, E.A. Jung, D.H. Kim, Y.S. Kim, ‘96 CARBOHYDRATE SYMPOSIUM, KIST, Daeduck Science City, South Korea, November, 1996.

120. "Acharan Sulfate and its Biological Activities," S.J. Wu, M.W. Chun, K.A. Koo, R.J. Linhardt, K.H. Shin, Y.S. Kim R.J.

Linhardt, ‘96 CARBOHYDRATE SYMPOSIUM, KIST, Daeduck Science City, South Korea, November, 1996. 121. "Heparin Structure and Activities Mediated Through Its Interaction with Proteins" R.J. Linhardt, GORDON RESEARCH

CONFERENCE ON PROTEOGLYCANS, Santa Barbara, CA, February, 1997. 122. "Chemical Modification Alters the Ability of Heparin to Augment C1 Inhibitor Activity," E.E.O. Caldwell, K. Hansen, V.

Nadkarni, R.J. Linhardt, J.M. Weiler, FASEB Meeting, San Francisco, CA, February, 1997. 123. "Purification of Glycoproteins with Affinity Based Reverse Micellar Extraction," J. Choe, V.A. VanderNoot, R.J. Linhardt,

J.S. Dordick, 38th ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOGNOSY, Iowa City, IA, July, 1997.

124. "Acharan Sulfate and Acharan Sulfate -Derived New Oligosaccharides," Y.S. Kim, M.Y. Ahn, K.H. Shin, S.J. Woo, M.W.

Chun, D.-H. Kim, T. Toida, R.J. Linhardt, ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, San Francisco, CA, August, 1997.

125. "Characterization of Oligosaccharides Prepared From Porcine Intestinal Heparin/Heparan Sulfate," T. Toida, T. Imanari, R.E.

Hileman, R.J. Linhardt, JAPANESE GLYCOCONJUGATES SYMPOSIUM, Kobe, Japan, August, 1997. 126. "Differential Interactions of Heparin and Heparan Sulfate Glycosaminoglycans with the Selectins. Implications for the Use

of Unfractionated and Low Molecular Weight Heparins as Therapeutic Agents," A. Koenig, K. Norgard-Sumnicht, R.J. Linhardt, A. Varki, GLYCOBIOLOGY 97, Long Beach, CA, November, 1997.

127. "Regio and Stereoselective Synthesis of Derivatives of L-Idopyranosiduronic Acid and D-Glucopyranosiduronic Acid from

Δ4-Uronates," H.G. Bazin, R.J. Kerns, R.J. Linhardt, GLYCOBIOLOGY 97, Long Beach, CA, November, 1997. 128. "Regio and Stereoselective Synthesis of Derivatives of L-Idopyranosiduronic Acid and D-Glucopyranosiduronic Acid from

4,5-Uronates," H.G. Bazin, R.J. Kerns, R.J. Linhardt, DIVISION OF CARBOHYDRATE CHEMISTRY, AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, Dallas, TX, April, 1998.

129. "Biological Activities of Chemically Fully O-Sulfonated Glycosaminoglycans," T. Toida, T. Maruyama, S. Shima, H. Toyoda, T. Imanari, R.J. Linhardt, JAPANESE CARBOHYDRATE SYMPOSIUM, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan, July, 1998.

130. "Affinity Based Extraction of Glycoprotein Glycoforms," J. Choe, K. Balagurunathan, J.S. Dordick, R.J. Linhardt,

INTERNATIONAL CARBOHYDRATE SYMPOSIUM, San Diego, CA, August, 1998. 131. "Glycosaminoglycan-Protein Interactions: Structure Motifs Within Proteins and Specificity of Binding," M. Fath, I. Capila,

N. S. Gunay, R.J. Linhardt, INTERNATIONAL CARBOHYDRATE SYMPOSIUM, San Diego, CA, August, 1998. 132. "Synthesis of “C”-Glycosides of Ulosonic Acids," Y. Du, T. Polat, H. Tomiyama, R.J. Linhardt, INTERNATIONAL

CARBOHYDRATE SYMPOSIUM, San Diego, CA, August, 1998.

133. "Chemical O-Sulfonation of Glycosaminoglycans and Their Anticoagulant Activity," T. Imanari, T. Maruyama, R.J. Linhardt, T. Toida, INTERNATIONAL CARBOHYDRATE SYMPOSIUM, San Diego, CA, August, 1998.

134. "NMR and Modeling Study of the Solution Conformation of the C-Glycoside Analogue of Sialyl- Alpha-(2-3)-Galactose," A.

Poveda, J. Jimenez-Barbero, R.J. Linhardt, INTERNATIONAL CARBOHYDRATE SYMPOSIUM, San Diego, CA, August, 1998.

135. "A Fraction of High Molecular Weight Heparin has High Affinity for Vitronectin," R. E. Edens, R.J. Linhardt, J. M. Weiler,

XVIIth INTERNATIONAL COMLEMENT WORKSHOP, Rhodes, Greece, October, 1998. 136. "Analysis of Acharan Sulfate and Its N-Sulfate Derivative Activity on the Classical Complement Pathway," E.E.O. Caldwell,

Y.S. Kim, S.J. Wu, R.J. Linhardt, J.M. XVIIth INTERNATIONAL COMPLEMENT WORKSHOP Rhodes, Greece, October, 1998.

137. "Addition of Galactosyltransferase to the Insect Cell N-glycosylation Pathway," M.W. Wolff, R.J. Linhardt, D.W.

Murhammer, D.L. Jarvis AICHE MEETING, Miami, FL, November, 1998. 138. "Chemical Differentiation of LMWHs: Chemical Characterization," INTERNATIONAL SUMMIT: DIFFERENTIATION

OF LMWHS: APPLIED AND CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS, St. Petersburg, FL, January 1999. 139. "Analysis of Acidic Oligosaccharides and Glycosaminoglycans," R.J. Linhardt, DIVISION OF POLYMER CHEMISTRY,

AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, Annaheim, CA, March, 1999. 140. "Glycosaminoglycan Structure and Interaction with Proteins," R.J. Linhardt, INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON

HEPARAN SULFATE PROTEOGLYCANS, Stockholm, Sweden, April, 1999. 141. "Heparin, Chemically Modified Heparins, and Acharan Sulfate Differentially Regulate Complement Activity," R. E. Edens,

Y. S. Kim, S.J. Wu, R.J. Linhardt, E.E. Caldwell, J.M. Weiler, THE AMERICAN PEDIATRIC SOCIETY AND THE SOCIETY FOR PEDIATRIC RESEARCH, San Francisco, CA, May, 1999.

142. "Absorption of Orally Administered Unlabeled and 14[C] porcine intestinal mucosal heparin," L.M. Hiebert, S.M. Wice, T.

Ping, R.E. Hileman, I. Capila, R.J. Linhardt, XXIII CONGRESS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY ON THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS, Washington, DC, July, 1999.

143. "Structure and Activity of Glycosaminoglycans and their Interaction with Proteins," Robert J. Linhardt, Volwiler Award

Presentation, NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF COLLEGES OF PHARMACY, Boston, MA, July, 1999.

144. "Synthesis of “C”-Glycosides of Ulosonic Acid," T. Polat, B. Kuberan, H. Bazin, H. Tomiyama, R.J. Linhardt, XV

INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON GLYCOCONJUGATES, Tokyo, Japan, August, 1999. 145. "Structural Characterization of a Clam Polysaccharide with Antiviral Activity," T. Toida, C. Amornrut, E.R. Woo, R.J.

Linhardt, J. Chung, Y. Kim, XV INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON GLYCOCONJUGATES, Tokyo, Japan, August, 1999.

146. "A New Glycosaminoglycan From the Giant African Snail Achatina Fulica," Y.S. Kim, K.H. Shin, S.J. Wool, D.H. Kim, T.

Toida, R.J. Linhardt, XV INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON GLYCOCONJUGATES, Tokyo, Japan, August, 1999. 147. "Glycosaminoglycan–Protein Interactions: Structure Motifs and Specificity of Binding," R.J. Linhardt, M. Fath, I. Capila

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MOLECULAR INTERACTIONS OF PROTEOGLYCANS, Kanagawa, Japan, August, 1999.

148. "Understanding Heparin Chemistry," R.J. Linhardt, THE 11TH ANNUAL SYMPOSIUM OF TRANSCATHETER CARDIOVASCULAR THERAPEUTICS, Washington, DC, September, 1999.

149. "Electrophoresis for the Analysis of Acidic Oligosaccharides," R.J. Linhardt, GLYCOBIOLOGY 99, ANALYTICAL

METHODS IN GLYCOBIOLOGY SATELLITE MEETING, San Francisco, CA, October, 1999. 150. "Addition of Galactosyltransferase to the Insect Cell N-glycosylation Pathway," F. Zhang, M.W. Wolff, R.J. Linhardt, D.W.

Murhammer, D.L. Jarvis AICHE MEETING, Dallas, TX, November, 1999.

151. "Synthesis of C-Glycosides of Neuraminic Acids, " R.J. Linhardt, B. Kuberan, T. Polat, M. Koketsu, Q. Wang AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY MEETING, San Francisco, CA, March 2000.

152. "Interaction of Heparin with Lipid-Binding Proteins," R.J. Linhardt, CURRENT TOPICS IN GLYCOBIOLOGY, Helsinki,

Finland, June, 2000.

153. "Heparin-Protein Interactions," R.J. Linhardt, GORDON CONFERENCE ON PROTEOGLYCANS, Andover, NH, July 2000.

154. "Heparin: Structure and Function," R.J. Linhardt, AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY MEETING, Washington, DC,

August 2000.

155. "Structure-Activity Studies on Heparin," R.J. Linhardt, 20th INTERNATIONAL CARBOHYDRATE SYMPOSIUM, Hamburg, Germany, August, 2000.

156. "LAPSVS1 and Its Anti-Angiogenic and Anti-inflammatory Effects in Various CAM Assays," J. Bürgermeister, D. H. Paper,

R.J. Linhardt, G. Franz, 5th INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PREDICTIVE ONCOLOGY THERAPY, Geneva, Switzerland, October, 2000.

157. "Synthesis of C-Glycoside Analog of Sialyl-Tn Antigen," B. Kuberan, R.J. Linhardt, GLYCOBIOLOGY 2000, Boston, MA,

November, 2000. 158. "Interaction of Heparin with Lipid-Binding Proteins," I. Capila, K. Weisgraber, B. Seaton, R.J. Linhardt, GLYCOBIOLOGY

2000, Boston, MA, November, 2000. 159. "Stereoselective Synthesis of the α-Glycoside of KDO C-Disaccharide," M. Koketsu, H. Ishihara, R.J. Linhardt, CHEMICAL

SOCIETY OF JAPAN NATIONAL MEETING, Kobe, Japan, March, 2001. 160. "Synthesis of Sugar-Based Surfactants" R.J. Linhardt, 92nd AOCS ANNUAL MEETING, Minneapolis, MN, May 2001.

161. "Synthesis of "C"-Glycosides of Ulosonic Acids," R.J. Linhardt, GORDON CONFERENCE ON CARBOHYDRATES,

Tilton, NH, June 2001. 162. "Heparin and Related Sulfated Polysaccharides of Biological Importance: Structure, Function and Preparation," R.J.

Linhardt, GORDON CONFERENCE ON The CHEMISTRY OF POLYSACCHARDIDES, Mount Holyoke College, MA, July 2001.

163. "Heparin: Biological Activities Mediated through Protein Interaction," R.J. Linhardt, AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY

MEETING, Chicago, IL, August 2001. 164. "Synthesis of "C"-glycosides of Ulosonic Acids, " R.J. Linhardt, T. Polat, S. Sikkander, D. Ress, Y. Chen, Q. Wang,

AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY MEETING, Chicago, IL, August 2001. 165. "Structure, Sequencing and Synthesis of Sulfated Polysaccharides, " R.J. Linhardt, S. Gunay, C. Thanawiroon, W-J. Mao, T.

Islam, A. Ioanoviciu, Y. Wu, AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY MEETING, Chicago, IL, August 2001. 166. "Metabolic Alteration of the N-Glycan Structure of C1 Esterase Inhibitor in Patients with Hereditary Angioedema, " R.J.

Linhardt, F. Zhang, S.G. Lang, Q. Wang, D.W. Murhammer, J.M. Weiler, AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY MEETING, Chicago, IL, August 2001.

167. "Heparin Oligosaccharide Chain Length Requirements for Inhibition of Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cell

Proliferation," H. Garg, P.A.M. Joseph, B.T. Thompson, C.A. Hales, C. Thanawiroon, I. Capila, R.J. Linhardt, XVIth INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON GLYCOCONJUGATES, The Hague, The Netherlands, August, 2001.

168. "Effect of Dissolved Oxygen Concentration on Protein Glycosylation Insect Cells, " F. Zhang, D. Murhammer, R.J. Linhardt, AIChE MEETING, Reno, NV, November 2001.

169. "Heparin: Structure and Activities Mediated through Interaction with Proteins" R.J. Linhardt, JAPANESE

PHARMACEUTICAL SOCIETY, Chiba, Japan, March 2002. 170. "Heparin: Structure and Anticoagulant Activities," R.J. Linhardt, 2nd ASIA-PACIFIC CONGRESS ON THROMBOSIS

AND HAEMOSTASIS, Seoul, Korea, April 2002. 171. "Preparation of O-Hexanoyl Heparin Oligosaccharides," M. N. Butler, T. Islam, R.J. Linhardt, AMERICAN CHEMICAL

SOCIETY MEETING, Orlando, FL, April 2002. 172. "Proteoglycan Biosynthesis as it Relates to Structure and Function," R.J. Linhardt, PLANT CELL WALL BIOSYNTHESIS

MEETING, UCLA LAKE ARROWHEAD CONFERENCE, Los Angeles, CA, May, 2002. 173. "A Highly Stable Covalent Conjugated Heparin Biochip for Heparin-Protein Interaction Studies," F. Zhang, R. J. Linhardt,

BIACORE SYMPOSIUM, Chicago, IL, May 2002. 174. "Engineered Heparin Binding INF-alpha", P. G. Yoder, R.J. Linhardt. National Meeting American Association of Colleges of

Pharmacy, Kansas City, July 2002. 175. "Study on the Interaction between Heparin and Proteins with Biological Significant Using SPR," F. Zhang, R.J. Linhardt,

AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY MEETING, Boston, MA, August 2002. 176. "Do Quantitative and Qualitative Differences in Organ Tissue Distribution of Heparan Sulfate in Mice Solve some Mysteries

of Protein Expression?" M. Warda, W. Mao, T. Toida, R.J. Linhardt, AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY MEETING, Boston, MA, August 2002.

177. "Carbohydrate-Based Anti-Cancer Therapeutics," R.J. Linhardt, 1st INTERNATIONAL MEETING OF MEDICINAL

CHEMISTRY SPONSORED BY THE TURKISH ASSOCIATION OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY, Ankara, Turkey, September, 2002.

178. "Cellular Binding of Hepatitis C Virus Envelope Glycoprotein E2 Requires Cell Surface Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans, " H.

Barth, C. Schäfer, M. Adah, R. J. Linhardt, E. Depla, H. E. Blum, T.F. Baumert, THE LIVER MEETING, 53rd ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE STUDY OF LIVER DISEASES, Boston, MA, November, 2002.

179. "Structural and Functional Characterization of Heparan Sulfate from Mouse Tissues," M. Warda, W. Mao, T. Toida, R.J.

Linhardt, AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MATRIX BIOLOGY, Houston, TX, November 2002. 180. "CE Separation of Heparin-Derived Oligosaccharides Under Conditions Amenable MS Detection," N.S. Gunay, R.J.

Linhardt, SIXTEENTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON MICROSCALE SEPARATIONS AND ANALYSIS, HPCE 2003, San Diego, CA, January 2003.

181. "HPLC Separation and Analysis of Heparin-Derived Oligosaccharides Under Conditions Compatible with MS Detection," C.

Thanawiroon, R.J. Linhardt, SIXTEENTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON MICROSCALE SEPARATIONS AND ANALYSIS, HPCE 2003, San Diego, CA, January 2003.

182. "Diverse Biomaterials from Simple Sugars," J.S. Dordick, L. Ferreira, D.-Y. Kim, R.J. Linhardt, Q. Wang, AMERICAN

CHEMICAL SOCIETY MEETING, New Orleans, LA, March 2003. 183. "Synthesis of Bioactive Glycoconjugates using Samarium Iodide Mediated C-Glycosylation," R.J. Linhardt, S. Sikkander, B.

Kuberan, T. Polat, Q. Wang, D. Ress, AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY MEETING, New Orleans, LA, March 2003. 184. "Heparin Structure and Biological Activities," R.J. Linhardt, AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY MEETING, New

Orleans, LA, March 2003. 185. "ESIMS of Highly Sulfated Disaccharide (Sucrose Octasulfate): Systematic evaluation of Counter-Ions," K. Tadano-Aritomi,

N.S. Gunay, T. Toida, R.J. Linhardt, I. Ishizuka, THE 51st ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON MASS SPECTROMETRY, Tsukuba, Japan, May 2003.

186. "Systematic Evaluation of Counter-Ions for ESI-MS of Highly Sulfated Carbohydrates: Sucrose Octasulfate as a Model

Compound," K. Tadano-Aritomi, N.S. Gunay, T. Toida, R.J. Linhardt, JAPANESE CARBOHYDRATE SYMPOSIUM, Yokahoma, Japan, July 2003.

187. "Disaccharide Approach for the Synthesis of Glycosaminoglycan Oligosaccharides," T.F. Islam, F.Y. Avci, N. A. Karst, J.

Zhang, R.J. Linhardt, AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY MEETING, New York, NY, September 2003. 188. "Trifluoroethylsulfonate-Protected Monosaccharide Building Blocks: New Tools for Oligosaccharide Synthesis," N.A. Karst,

T.F. Islam, and R.J. Linhardt, AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY MEETING, New York, NY, September 2003. 189. "Structure Analysis Of Sulfated Acidic Oligosaccharides," L. Chi, N.S. Gunay, C. Thanawiroon, J. Xie, R.J. Linhardt,

AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY MEETING, New York, NY, September 2003. 190. "Study on the Interaction Between Heparin and Virus Envelope Proteins using SPR," F. Zhang, M. Warda, T.F. Baumert, R.

Marks, R.J. Linhardt, AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY MEETING, New York, NY, September 2003. 191. "Study of Preparative Method on Dermatan Sulfate from Porcine Intestinal Mucosa," W. Mao, R.J. Linhardt, AMERICAN

CHEMICAL SOCIETY MEETING, New York, NY, September 2003. 192. "Study of Preparative Method on Dermatan Sulfate from Porcine Intestinal Mucosa," W. Mao, R.J. Linhardt, AMERICAN

CHEMICAL SOCIETY MEETING, New York, NY, September 2003. 193. "Progress in the Synthesis of C-Glycoside Analogues of Biologically Important Glycoconjugates," R.J. Linhardt, D.K. Ress,

C.C. Chen, S. Sikkander, AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY MEETING, New York, NY, September 2003. 194. "Dialkyl Imidazolium Benzoates – Room Temperature Ionic Liquids useful in the Peracetylation and Perbenzoylation of

Simple and Sulfated Saccharides," S. Murugesan, N. Karst, R.J. Linhardt, AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY MEETING, New York, NY, September 2003.

195. "Engineering Interferon-alpha for Targeted Delivery," S.C.L. Hrstka, P. Yoder, J.M. Weiler, R.J. Linhardt, AMERICAN

INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING (AIChE) MEETING, San Francisco, CA, November 2003. 196. "Purification of the Putative Permissive Glycan Receptor in the Retina," X.F. Wang, R.J. Linhardt, J. Balsamo, J. Lillien,

M.M. Jablonski 2004 National ARVO Meeting, Fort Lauderdale, FL, April 2004. 197. "Heparin, Low Molecular Heparin and Analogs as Cardiovascular Agents," R.J. Linhardt, INTERNATIONAL

SYMPOSIUM OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY, Copenhagen, Denmark, August 2004. 198. "SPR biosensor study of 3-OST-1 interaction with heparan sulfate, " E.M. Munoz, J. Liu, L.C. Pedersen, R.J. Linhardt

AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY MEETING, Philadelphia, PA, August, 2004. 199. "Solubility data on glycosaminoglycans in room temperature ionic liquids, " S. Murugesan and R.J. Linhardt, AMERICAN

CHEMICAL SOCIETY MEETING, Philadelphia, PA, August, 2004. 200. "Trifluoroethylsulfonate protected monosaccharides in glycosylation reactions, " F.Y. Avci, N.A. Karst, T.F. Islam, R.J.

Linhardt, AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY MEETING, Philadelphia, PA, August, 2004. 201. "Enzymes Acting in Drug Discovery," R.J. Linhardt, RENSSELAER BIOTECHNOLOGY SYMPOSIUM, Troy, NY,

September 2004. 202. "Functional Role of Hepatitis C Virus Envelope-Heparan Sulfate Interaction for Virus Binding and Entry," Barth, B. Gißler,

E. Munoz, F. Zhang, R.J. Linhardt, E. Depla, G. Maertens, P. Maurel, F-L. Cosset, H.E. Blum, T.F. Baumert, 11th INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON HEPATITIS C VIRUS AND RELATED VIRUSES, Heidelberg, October 2004.

203. "A Synthetic Oligosaccharide Magnifies, Sustains, and Stabilizes 3D Sprout Angiogenesis of Human Microvascular

Endothelial Cells in Fibrin: A Novel Approach for Therapeutic Angiogenesis," X. Feng, R. J. Linhardt, J. Xie, Y. Du, L. O’Conner, S. Mousa, THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION CONFERENCE, New Orleans, Louisiana, November, 2004

204. "Proposed Molecular Mechanisms of Protein-Losing Enteropathy," L. Bode, C. Salvestrini, S. Murch, P. W. Park, R. J.

Linhardt, H. H. Freeze, SOCIETY FOR GLYCOBIOLOGY AND THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH, Honolulu, Hawaii, November 2004.

205. "MALDI-MS Analysis of Highly Sulfated Carbohydrates Using Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids as Matrices," T. N.

Laremore; S. Murugesan; T.-J. Park; F.Y. Avci; D. V. Zagorevski; R. J. Linhardt 53rd ASMS CONFERENCE ON MASS SPECTROMETRY, San Antonio, Texas, June 2005.

206. "Poly (Ethylene Glycol) Based Biosensor Chip to Study Heparin Protein Interactions," E.M. Muñoz, H. Yu, J. Hallock, Melissa Kemp, R.E. Edens, R. J. Linhardt, DEVELOPMENTS IN PROTEIN INTERACTION ANALYSIS CONFERENCE, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, August 2005.

207. "Mouse Glycomics: SPR Studies on the Interaction Between Protein and Heparan Sulfate Isolated from Various Tissues," P.

Sun, F. Zhang, M. Warda, T. Toida, R.J. Linhardt, DEVELOPMENTS IN PROTEIN INTERACTION ANALYSIS CONFERENCE, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, August 2005.

208. "SPR Studies on the Molecular Interaction Between FGF and FGFR," F. Zhang, O.A. Ibrahimi, M. Mohammadi, R.J.

Linhardt, DEVELOPMENTS IN PROTEIN INTERACTION ANALYSIS CONFERENCE, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, August 2005,

209. "Increase in the growth inhibition of bovine pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells by an O-hexanoyl low molecular weight

heparin derivative, " H. G. Garg, L. Yu, C. A. Hales, J. Xie, R. J. Linhardt, XVIII INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON GLYCOCONJUGATES (GLYCO XVIII), Florence, Italy, September, 2005.

210. "Heparin-Protein Interactions, " R. J. Linhardt, XVIII INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON GLYCOCONJUGATES

(GLYCO XVIII), Florence, Italy, September, 2005. 211. "Analysis of the Biochemical Mechanisms for the Endocrine Actions of FGF23," X. Yu, O.A. Ibrahimi, R. Goetz, F. Zhang,

S.I. Davis, H.J. Garringer, R.J. Linhardt, D.M. Ornitz, M. Mohammadi, K.E. White, 27th ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH, Nashville, Tennessee, September, 2005.

212. "Heparin, Low Molecular Heparin and Analogs as Pharmaceutical Agents," R.J. Linhardt, KOREAN SOCIETY OF

PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, Seoul, Korea, November 2005. 213. "Heparin and Nanotechnology," R.J. Linhardt, FIRST MINI-SYMPOSIUM ON GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANS, Seoul, Korea,

November 2005. 214. "ECD and EDD of Sulfated Glycosaminoglycans – A Tool for Determining the Sites of Sulfation," THIRD

INTERNATIONAL UPPSALA CONFERENCE ON ELECTRON CAPTURE AND TRANSFER DISSOCIATION IN MASS SPECTROMETRY, J. J. Wolff, L. Chi, R. J. Linhardt, I. J. Amster, Snoqualmie, Washington, December 2005.

215. "Synthesis of C-linked Neuraminic Acid as an Potent Immunogen for Meningococcal meningitis and Small Cell Lung

Cancer," X. Yuan, R. J. Linhardt, NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, Division of Carbohydrate Chemistry, Atlanta, GA, March, 2006.

216. "Structural Analysis of Glycosaminoglycan Component of Bikunin," L. Chi, T. Toida, and R. J. Linhardt, NATIONAL

MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, Division of Carbohydrate Chemistry, Atlanta, GA, March, 2006. 217. "Synthesis of C-Glycoside Analogs of GM3 and GD3," C. C. Chen, R. J. Linhardt, NATIONAL MEETING OF THE

AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, Division of Carbohydrate Chemistry, Atlanta, GA, March, 2006. 218. "New Ionic Liquid Matrix for MALDI-MS Analysis of Dermatan," T. N. Laremore, F. Zhang, R.J. Linhardt, 54th ASMS

CONFERENCE ON MASS SPECTROMETRY, Seattle, WA, May 2006. 219. "Structure Studies of Sulfated Carbohydrates Using ECD and EDD", J. J. Wolff, L. Chi, R. J. Linhardt, M.L. Easterling, I. J.

Amster, 54th ASMS CONFERENCE ON MASS SPECTROMETRY AND ALLIED TOPICS, Seattle, Washington, June 2006.

220. Anticancer Activity of a Novel Glycosaminoglycan, Acharan Sulfate Against Brain Tumor Cells, L. Birnby, S. Murugesan,

P. Chichester, R.J. Linhardt, P.J. Chikhale, 33rd CONTROLLED RELEASE SOCIETY’S ANNUAL CONFERENCE, Vienna, Austria, July, 2006.

221. "Design of Heparinized Carbon Nanotube Carriers- Enhanced Blood Compatibility Using Covalent Chemistry," T.-J. Park, S.

Murugesan, J. Xie, S. Mousa, R. J. Linhardt, METHODS IN BIOENGINEERING, Cambridge, MA, July 2006. 222. "Evaluation of Alkali Metal Counterions for UV-MALDI-TOF-MS Analysis of Sucrose Octasulfate," T. N. Laremore, R. J.

Linhardt, 17th International Mass Spectrometry Conference, Prague, Czech Republic, August 2006. 223. "Carbohydrate Vaccines," R.J. Linhardt, NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, Division

of Carbohydrate Chemistry, San Francisco, CA, September, 2006."Enzymatic Synthesis of Glycosaminoglycans," R.J.

Linhardt, VILLA VIGONI SYMPOSIUM ON GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANS, Lake Como, Italy, September, 2006. 224. "Synthesis and Evaluation of an Anticancer Vaccine Candidate, the Double C-Glycoside Analog of sTn," R. J. Linhardt, D.

K. Ress, S. N. Baytas, Q. Wang, E. M. Muñoz, K. Tokuzoki, H. Tomiyama, NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, Division of Carbohydrate Chemistry, San Francisco, CA, September, 2006.

225. "Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Chondroitin Sulfate of Bikunin," L. Chi, J. J. Wolff, T. Laremore, I. J. Amster, R. J.

Linhardt, NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, Division of Carbohydrate Chemistry, San Francisco, CA, September, 2006.

226. "Study on the Interaction Between Heparin/HS and Proteins in Hedgehog Signaling Pathway using Surface Plasmon

Resonance," F. Zhang, J. S. McLellan, D. J. Leahy, R. J Linhardt, NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, Division of Carbohydrate Chemistry, San Francisco, CA, September, 2006.

227. "Mosquito and Porcine Liver Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans: Comparison, and their Roles in Malaria," J. Xie, M. Kemp, P.

Sinnis, T. Toida, R. J Linhardt, NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, Division of Carbohydrate Chemistry, San Francisco, CA, September, 2006.

228. "Polyphenolic Inhibition of Vascular NADPH Oxidase," J. Yu, D. Ahuja, Michel Weiwer, R. J. Linhardt, J. Dordick,

NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, Division of Carbohydrate Chemistry, San Francisco, CA, September, 2006.

229. "Enzyme Structure, Function, and Utility in Room Temperature Ionic Liquids," B. Eker, P. Asuri, S. Murugesan, R. J.

Linhardt, J. S. Dordick, AIChE ANNUAL MEETING, San Francisco, CA, November 2006. 230. "Non-Anticoagulant 2,3-De-O-Sulfated Heparin as a Potential Novel Therapeutic for Patients With Protein-Losing

Enteropathy, " L. Bode, R. J. Linhardt, H. H. Freeze, GLYCOBIOLOGY 2006, Los Angelis, CA, November, 2006. 231. "BCL10 and TLR4-Mediated Pathway of Human Colonic Epithelial Cell Inflammation Induced by Carrageenan," J. K.

Tobacman, S. Bhattacharyya, A. Borthakur, R. Gill, M.L. Chen, F. Zhang, R. J. Linhardt, P. K. Dudeja, CCFA NATIONAL RESEARCH & CLINICAL CONFERENCE FIFTH ANNUAL ADVANCES IN THE INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES, Miami, Florida, December, 2006.

232. "Chemoenzymatic synthesis of heparin and heparan sulfates, " R. J. Linhardt, M. Wiewer, J. Liu, P. L. DeAngelis,

NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, Chicago, IL, March, 2007. 233. "Cellulose Composites Prepared Using Room Temperature Ionic Liquids, " R. J. Linhardt and S. Murugesan, NATIONAL

MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, Chicago, IL, March, 2007. 234. "Synthesis and Structural Study of Isotopically Labeled Heparin, " J. Xie, S. A. McCallum, Z. Zhang, M. Chen, J. Liu, R. J.

Linhardt NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, Chicago, IL, March, 2007. 235. "Synthesis of C-Linked Neuraminic Acid Disaccharide and Larger Oligosaccharides," X. Yuan, R. J. Linhardt NATIONAL

MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, Chicago, IL, March, 2007. 236. "Polyphenolic Inhibition of Human Vascular NADPH Oxidase," J. Yu, M. Weiwer, D. Ahuaja, R. J. Linhardt, J. S. Dordick ,

ASBMB-EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY Washington D.C. April, 2007. 237. Linhardt, Robert J., "An Artificial Golgi," NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH MEETING ON EXPANDING THE

CHEMICAL SPACE FOR CARBOHYDRATES: SYNTHETIC STRATEGIES, HIGH THROUGHPUT TECHNOLOGIES & STANDARDS, Session V. Glycoconjugate-based Therapeutics, Bethesda, MD April 2007.

238. "Investigating Pathogenic Protein Interactions with Heparin and Heparan Sulfate using Surface Plasmon Resonance," M. M

Kemp, F. Zhang, R. J Linhardt, ASBMB-EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY Washington D.C. April, 2007. 239. "Study on the Interactions between Heparin/HS and Proteins with Biological Significant Using SPR," F. Zhang, E. Muñoz,

M. Kemp and R. J. Linhardt, DEVELOPMENTS IN PROTEIN INTERACTION ANALYSIS (DPIA) 2007, Phoenix, Arizona, May, 2007.

240. "Glycosylation in room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) using unprotected and unactivated donors," S. N. Baytas, T. Park, M.

Weiwer, X. Yuan, and R. J. Linhardt, INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON DRUG RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, Istanbul, Turkey, May, 2007.

241. "Electron Detachment Dissociation Fourier Transform Mass Spectrometry Of Glycosaminoglycan Oligosaccharides," J. J. Wolff, T. Larramore, R. J. Linhardt, I. J. Amster, ASMS - 55th ASMS CONFERENCE ON MASS SPECTROMETRY, Indianapolis, IN, June 2007.

242. "Synthetic Mucin Analogues as a First Step Towards New Ocular Biomaterials", Robert J. Linhardt, International Society for

Contact Lens Research (ISCLR), Whistler, British Columbia, Canada, August 2007. 243. "Enzyme-Carbon Nanotube Conjugates In Room Temperature Ionic Liquids," B. Eker, P. Asuri, S. Murugesan, R. J.

Linhardt, J. S. Dordick, AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 234th NATIONAL MEETING, Boston, MA, August, 2007. 244. "Examination of the Blood Compatibility of Heparinized Carbon Nanotubes," T.-J. Park, S. Murugesan, S. Mousa, J. Fareed,

R. J. Linhardt, AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 234th NATIONAL MEETING, Boston, MA, August, 2007. 245. "Structure and Conformation Study of the Heparin, Heparosan and Intermediate Products by NMR," Z. Zhang, S. A.

McCallum, J. Xie, J. Liu, R. J. Linhardt, AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 234th NATIONAL MEETING, Boston, MA, August, 2007.

246. "Room Temperature Ionic Liquid Derived Heparin-Cellulose Coated Carbons," J. G. Martin, T.-J. Park, V. Nikolaev, R. J.

Linhardt, AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 234th NATIONAL MEETING, Boston, MA, August, 2007. 247. "Microarray Screening of Anthithrombin Interactions on the High Affinity Heparin Glycan Chips," T.-J. Park, M.-Y. Lee, M.

I. Kim, J. G. Martin, J. S. Dordick, R. J. Linhardt, AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 234th NATIONAL MEETING, Boston, MA, August, 2007.

248. "Glycosylation in Room Temperature Ionic Liquid Using Unprotected and Unactivated Donors," T.-J. Park, M. Weïwer, X.

Yuan, R. J. Linhardt, AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 234th NATIONAL MEETING, Boston, MA, August, 2007. 249. "Synthesis of Non-Natural UDP-Sugars for the Enzymatic Preparation of Well-Defined Heparin-Like Oligosaccharides," M.

Weïwer, F. Huang, R. J. Linhardt, AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 234th NATIONAL MEETING, Boston, MA, August, 2007.

250. "Structural and Kinetics Study on the Interactions between Heparin/HS and Proteins with Biological Significant Using SPR,"

F. Zhang, R. J. Linhardt, AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 234th NATIONAL MEETING, Boston, MA, August, 2007. 251. "Synthesis of Neuraminic Acid Based C-glycosides and its Application," C.-C. Chen, M. Weïwer, R. J. Linhardt,

AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 234th NATIONAL MEETING, Boston, MA, August, 2007. 252. "Heparin-protein interactions, R. J Linhardt, F. Zhang, B. Li, M. Kemp," C.-C. Chen, M. Weïwer, R. J. Linhardt,

AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 234th NATIONAL MEETING, Boston, MA, August, 2007. 253. "Heparin & heparan sulfate on proteins of the hedgehog signaling pathway," R. J. Linhardt, SOCIETY FOR

GLYCOBIOLOGY ANNUAL MEETING, Boston, MA, November 2007. 254. "Glycomics of Proteoglycan Biosynthesis in Murine Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation," A. V. Nairn, A. Kinoshita-

Toyoda, H. Toyoda, J. Xie, K. Harris, S. Dalton, M. Kulik, J. M. Pierce, T. Toida, K. W. Moremen, R. J. Linhardt,, SOCIETY FOR GLYCOBIOLOGY ANNUAL MEETING, Boston, MA, November 2007.

255. "Effects Of Microcarrier Culture and Temperature Shift on Productivity and Glycosylation of Recombinant Proteins

Produced in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells," J. Hyun Nam, F. Zhang, M. Ermonval, R. J. Linhardt, S. Sharfstein, AICHE NATIONAL MEETING, Salt Lake City, November 2007.

256. "Nanotechnology in Screening, Analysis, Synthesis and Therapeutic Application of Glycosaminoglycans," R. J. Linhardt,

NHLBI Workshop on the Role of Glycan in Hemostasis Inflammation and Vascular Biology, Bethesda, MD, February, 2008. 257. Synthesis of Nanocomposite Paper for Flexible Energy Storage Devices Such as Battery and Supercapacitor, V. Pushparaj,

S.Manikoth, A. Kumar, S. Murugesan, L. Ci, R. Vajtai, R. Linhardt, O. Nalamasu, P. Ajayan, ISME AME 08, 15th ISME International Conference on Advances in Mechanical Engineering, Bhopal, India, March 2008.

258. "Production and Conformational Studies of Uniformly 15N and 13C enriched Heparin and Intermediate Products," Z. Zhang, J.

Xie, J. Liu, J. Jimenez-Barbero, R.J. Linhardt, S.A. McCallum, 48th EXPERIMENTAL NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE CONFERENCE, Daytona Beach, FL, April, 2008.

259. “Glycosaminoglycan: Structure and Analysis,” R. J. Linhardt, INTERNATIONAL HEPARIN MEETING, U.S. Food and

Drug Administration, Washington D.C., April, 2008

260. "Advances in the Enzymatic Synthesis of Heparin," R. J. Linhardt, FOURTH ANNUAL GEORGIA GLYCOSCIENCE

SYMPOSIUM, Athens, GA, May, 2008. 261. "Flexible Energy Storage Devices using Carbon Nanotube Based Nanocomposite Paper," V. Pushparaj, S. Manikoth, A.

Kumar, S. Murugesan, L. Ci, R. Vajtai, R. Linhardt, O. Nalamasu and P. Ajayan 213th ECS Meeting Phoenix, Arizona, May, 2008.

262. "Tandem Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Glycosaminoglycan Oligosaccharides using EID, EDD, and IRMPD," J. Wolff, T.

Laremore, R. J. Linhardt, I. J. Amster, 56th ASMS CONFERENCE ON MASS SPECTROMETRY AND ALLIED TOPICS, Denver, Colorado, June, 2008.

263. "Quantitative disaccharide analysis using LC-MS," Z. Zhang, J. Xie, J. Liu, M. Chen, R. J. Linhardt, 56th ASMS

CONFERENCE ON MASS SPECTROMETRY AND ALLIED TOPICS, Denver, Colorado, June, 2008. 264. "An improved ESI-MS analysis of unprotected, partially and fully protected sugars by using post-column injection of

potassium chloride," T. N. Laremore, D. Zagorevski, R. J. Linhardt, 56th ASMS CONFERENCE ON MASS SPECTROMETRY AND ALLIED TOPICS, Denver, Colorado, June, 2008.

265. "Heparanase is Required for Convergence Extension in Early Zebrafish Development," R. Thistle, K. Goishi, C. E,

Gullbrand, F. Zhang, K. Mann, V. Valakh, J. Wertz, M. Klagsbrun, S. Mousa, R. J. Linhardt, P. Page-McCaw, INTERNATIONAL ZEBRAFISH DEVELOPMENT AND GENETICS CONFERENCE, Madison WI, June 2008.

266. "Biological Profile of the OSCS Contaminant Isolated from Recalled Heparin," Walenga, J.M., Jeske, W., Hoppensteadt, D.,

Prechel, M., Iqbal, O., Adiguzel, C., Clark, M., Latinas, E., Cunanan, J., Linhardt, R. J., Ramacciotti, E., Bick, R.L., Messmore, H.L., Harenberg, J., Fareed, J., EDQM-USP-NIBSC, ���2nd WORKSHOP OF THE CHARACTERISATION OF HEPARIN PRODUCTS, Strasbourg, France, June, 2008.

267. "New avenues for developing glycosaminoglycan-based therapeutics," R. J. Linhardt, Protoeglycan Gordon Conference,

Andover, NH, July, 2008. 268. "Contaminants in the Recalled Unfractionated Heparin Preparations: Pharmacologic and Clinical Implications," J. Fareed, J.

Walenga, W.P. Jeske, D. Hoppensteadt, M.M. Prechel, O. Iqbal, C. Adiguzel, M. Clark, E. Latinas, J. Cunanan, R. J. Linhardt, J. Ramacciotti, R. Bick, H.L. Messmore, J. Harenberg, North American Thrombosis Forum (NATF), Boston, MA, July 2008.

269. "Interaction between human Hyaluronidase-1 and glycosaminoglycans," B. Li, F. Zhang, K. Chao, O. Herzberg, R. J.

Linhardt, AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 236th NATIONAL MEETING, Philadelphia, PA, August, 2008. 270. "Isolation, purification and characterization of proteoglycans from porcine liver and bovine brain," H. Liu, Y. Park, G.M.

Tangney, A. W. Antwi, R. J. Linhardt, AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 236th NATIONAL MEETING, Philadelphia, PA, August, 2008.

271. "Sulfation of papain treated chitosan and its anticoagulant activity," J. Suwan, P. Vongchan, P. Meepawpan, B. Premanode,

P. Kongtawelert, R. J. Linhardt, AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 236th NATIONAL MEETING, Philadelphia, PA, August, 2008.

272. "Potential nano-carriers of chondroitinase for the treatment of spinal cord injury," M. Kemp, Y. Park, J. Xie, D. R. Howland,

M. Cygler, R. J. Linhardt, AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 236th NATIONAL MEETING, Philadelphia, PA, August, 2008.

273. "Microscale enzymatic synthesis of heparin using digital microfluidic and microarray technologies," J. G. Martin, M. Gupta,

Z. Zhang, T.-J. Park, S.-H. Lee, H. Stansfield, F. Zhang, S. Akella, J. Liu, J. S. Dordick, R. J. Linhardt, AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 236th NATIONAL MEETING, Philadelphia, PA, August, 2008

274. "New approaches for the chemoenzymatic synthesis of heparin," R. J. Linhardt, J. Liu, J. S. Dordick, AMERICAN

CHEMICAL SOCIETY 236th NATIONAL MEETING, Philadelphia, PA, August, 2008 275. "Carbohydrate composites with nanomaterials," T. J. Simmons, S.-H. Lee, T.-J. Park, M. Kemp, D. P. Hashim, R. J Linhardt,

P. M. Ajayan, AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 236th NATIONAL MEETING, Philadelphia, PA, August, 2008. 276. "Ultrafiltration reactor for oligosaccharide preparation from GAGs enzymatic deploymerization," Z. Wang, F. Zhang, R. J.

Linhardt, AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 236th NATIONAL MEETING, Philadelphia, PA, August, 2008.

277. "Quantitative disaccharide analysis using LC-MS," Z. Zhang, J. Xie, J. Liu, M. Chen, R. J. Linhardt, AMERICAN

CHEMICAL SOCIETY 236th NATIONAL MEETING, Philadelphia, PA, August, 2008. 278. "Characterization of bikunin glycosaminoglycan," T. N. Laremore, J. J. Wolff, A. M. Busch, M. Ly, I. J. Amster, R. J.

Linhardt, AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 236th NATIONAL MEETING, Philadelphia, PA, August, 2008. 279. "Neuraminic acid carbon-glycosides as neuraminidases inhibitors," F. Huang, C. C. Chen and R. J. Linhardt AMERICAN

CHEMICAL SOCIETY 236th NATIONAL MEETING, Philadelphia, PA, August, 2008. 280. "Synthesis of UDP-Iduronic Acid as a Non-Natural Substrate for Glucuronosyltransferases," M. Weïwer, T. Sherwood and R.

J. Linhardt, AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 236th NATIONAL MEETING, Philadelphia, PA, August, 2008. 281. "Synthesis of 13C Labeled UDP-Nucleotides for the Enzymatic Preparation of Glycosaminoglycans," M. Weïwer, S.

Masuko and R. J. Linhardt, AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 236th NATIONAL MEETING, Philadelphia, PA, August, 2008.

282. "Structural analysis on heparin/heparan sulfate interacting with FGF•FGFR complexes," F. Zhang, Z. Zhang, X. Lin, M.

Mohammadi, and R. J. Linhardt. AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 236th NATIONAL MEETING, Philadelphia, PA, August, 2008.

283. "Biophysical Characterization on the Interactions between Heparin/HS and Proteins with Biological Significant Using SPR,"

F. Zhang and R. J. Linhardt, AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 236th NATIONAL MEETING, Philadelphia, PA, August, 2008.

284. "Antiseptic Single Wall Carbon Nanotube Bandages" T. Simmons, S. Lee, T. Park, D. Hashim, R. Linhardt, P. Ajayan,

ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY, PRiME 2008, Honolulu, HI, September, 2008. 285. "Transcript Analysis of Glycan Biosynthesis in Human Embryonic Stem Cells," A. V. Nairn, M. dela Rosa, E. M. Hall, S.

Raghunath, S. Dalton, Mi. Kulik, J. M. Pierce, R. J. Linhardt, K. W. Moremen, SOCIETY FOR GLYCOBIOLOGY ANNUAL MEETING, Fort Worth, Texas, November, 2008.

286. "Glycomics of Proteoglycan Biosynthesis in ESC Differentiation," R. J. Linhardt, AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MATRIX

BIOLOGY, San Diego, California, December, 2008. 287. "Manufacturing Process: Influence on Heparins," NATF-SASAT Round Table, Harvard Medical School, Boston,

Massachusetts, September, 2008. 288. "Heparin: Analytical Methods to Move Forward after the Contamination Crisis," R. J. Linhardt, MSB 2009, CASSS-

International Separation Science Society, Boston, MA, February 2009. 289. "Synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles stabilized with glycosaminoglycans having distinctive biological activities," M.M.

Kemp, A. Kumar, S. Mousa, P. Ajayan, N. Kubotera, S. Mousa, R.J. Linhardt, AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 237th NATIONAL MEETING, Salt Lake City, UT, March, 2009.

290. "Enzymatic synthesis of glycosaminoglycans in microfluidic and microarray formats: Golgi function and stem cell

glycomics," Robert J. Linhardt NIGMS/CFG-­‐Sponsored Workshop on Glycan Microarray Technologies and Applications, La Jolla, CA, March, 2009.

291. "Artificial Golgi: Redesigning the Biological Activities of Heparan Sulfate," J. G. Martin, M. Gupta, Y. Xu, S. Akella, J. Liu,

J. S. Dordick, R J. Linhardt, 67th Harden Conference Decoding the biology of heparan sulphate proteoglycans, Robinson College, Cambridge, UK, April 2009.

292. "Proteomic Techniques for Micro-Determination of Tissue-Derived Proteoglycans, Bikunin and Decorin," T. Laremore, R. T.

Owens, D. Zagorevski, F. E. Leach, J. Amster, R. J. Linhardt, 57th ASMS CONFERENCE ON MASS SPECTROMETRY AND ALLIED TOPICS, Philadelphia, PA, June, 2009.

293. "Reverse Electron Transfer Dissociation (rETD) of Glycosaminoglycan Negative Ions," J. Wolff, F. E. Leach, T. Laremore,

R. J. Linhardt, D. Kaplan, M. Easterling, J. Amster, 57th ASMS CONFERENCE ON MASS SPECTROMETRY AND ALLIED TOPICS, Philadelphia, PA, June, 2009

294. "Application of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) in glycobiology: Characterization of molecular interactions between GAGs

and proteins, " F. Zhang, R. J. Linhardt, AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 238th NATIONAL MEETING, Washington, DC, August, 2009.

295. "Disaccharide composition analysis of glycosaminoglycans from 4 human embryonic stem cells," B. Li, Z. Zhang, A. V.

Nairn, K. W. Moremen, S. Dalton, and R. J. Linhardt, AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 238th NATIONAL MEETING, Washington, DC, August, 2009.

296. "The stereoselective synthesis of C-linked neuraminic acid oligosaccharides," J.-H. Kim, S. Masuko, T. Poore, S. Bera, R. J.

Linhardt, AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 238th NATIONAL MEETING, Washington, DC, August, 2009. 297. "Activity study on several mutants heparin lyase II," W. Zhao, Z. Zhang, Z. Xiao, M. Cygler, R. J. Linhardt, AMERICAN

CHEMICAL SOCIETY 238th NATIONAL MEETING, Washington, DC, August, 2009. 298. "Expression and characterization of enzymes for bioenzymatic sythesis of heparin," P. A. Paul, J. S Dordick, R. J. Linhardt, J.

Liu, W. Zhao, AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 238th NATIONAL MEETING, Washington, DC, August, 2009. 299. "Redesigning the biological activities of heparan sulfate on a microfluidic chip," J. G. Martin, Y. Xu, W. Gressick, Z. Zhang,

W. Zhao, R. Bhisetti, P. Paul, F. Zhang, J. Liu, J. S. Dordick, R. J. Linhardt, AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 238th NATIONAL MEETING, Washington, DC, August, 2009.

300. "Biochemically engineered heparin," Z. Wang, Z. Zhang, W. Zhao, F. Zhang, R. J. Linhardt, AMERICAN CHEMICAL

SOCIETY 238th NATIONAL MEETING, Washington, DC, August, 2009. 301. "Chondroitin lyase action pattern study using LC-MS," Z. Zhang, Y. Park, M. Kemp, W. Zhao, M. Cygler, Y. Shik Kim, R. J

Linhardt, AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 238th NATIONAL MEETING, Washington, DC, August, 2009. 302. "Analysis of pharmaceutical heparins and potential contaminants using 1H-NMR and PAGE," Z. Zhang, B. Li, J. Suwan, F.

Zhang, Z. Wang, H. Liu, B. Mulloy, R. J. Linhardt, AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 238th NATIONAL MEETING, Washington, DC, August, 2009.

303. "Solution structures of chemoenzymatically synthesized heparin and its precursors,"Z. Zhang, S.A. McCallum, J. Xie, L.

Nieto, F. Corzana, J. Jimenez-Barbero, J. Liu, R. J. Linhardt, AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 238th NATIONAL MEETING, Washington, DC, August, 2009.

304. "Lessons learned from the contamination of heparin," H. Liu, Z. Zhang, R. J. Linhardt, AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY

238th NATIONAL MEETING, Washington, DC, August, 2009. 305. "Synthesis of 13C labeled UDP-nucleotides for the enzymatic preparation of glycosaminoglycans," S. Masuko, M. Weïwer,

J.-H. Kim, R. J. Linhardt, AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 238th NATIONAL MEETING, Washington, DC, August, 2009.

306. "Chemoenzymatic synthesis of heparin and heparin oligosaccharides," R. J. Linhardt, J.S. Dordick, J. Liu, S. Mousa,

AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 238th NATIONAL MEETING, Washington, DC, August, 2009. 307. Chloroquine Reduces Arylsulfatase B Activity and Increases Chondroitin 4-Sulfate: Implications for Mechanisms of Action

and Resistance S. Bhattacharyya, K. Solakyildirim, Z. Zhang, R. J. Linhardt, J. K. Tobacman, 6th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PROTEOGLYCAN, Aix-les-Bains, France, September, 2009.

308. "New advances in heparan sulfate/heparin analysis and biosynthesis," R. J. Linhardt, THIRD INTERNATIONAL MHE

RESEARCH CONFERENCE, Boston, MA, October, 2009 309. "Chemo-saturation: A Novel Approach to Treat Liver Cancer," M. Takieddin, F. Zhang, H. Liu, J. A Foltz, R. J. Linhardt, S.

A. Mousa, AAPS ANNUAL MEETING, Los Angeles, CA, November, 2009. 310. "Chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate from earthworms Eisenia andrei," Y. Park, A.-R. Im, J.-S. Sim, Z. Zhang, Z. Liu, R.

J. Linhardt, and Y. S. Kim, AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 238th NATIONAL MEETING, San Francisco, CA, March, 2010.

311. "Towards an artificial Golgi: Enzymatic modification of nanoparticle immobilized glycans on a digitial microfluidic chip," J.

G. Martin, M. Gupta, Y. Xu, S. Akella, J. Liu, R. J. Linhardt, J. S. Dordick, AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 238th NATIONAL MEETING, San Francisco, CA, March, 2010.

312. "Preparative PAGE fractionation and ESI-FTMS analysis of bikunin glycosaminoglycan," T.N. Laremore, K. Solakyildirim,

M. Ly, F. E. Leach, T. Toida, D. V. Zagorevski, I. J. Amster, R. J. Linhardt, 58th ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics, Salt Lake City, Utah May 2010.

313. "Electron detachment of highly sulfated glycosaminoglycan carbohydrates," F. E. Leach III, J. Wolff, T. Laremore, Z. Xiao, S. Arungundram, K. Al-Mafraji, A.Venot, G.-J. Boons, R. J. Linhardt, J. Amster, 58th ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics, Salt Lake City, Utah May 2010.

314. "Electron detachment of chondroitin glycosaminoglycan carbohydrates," M. Ly, F. E. Leach III, T. Laremore, J. Wolff, R. J.

Linhardt, J, Amster, 58th ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics, Salt Lake City, Utah May 2010. 315. "Immobilization of enzymes relevant to bioengineered heparin synthesis," E. R. Sterner, R. J. Linhardt, J. S. Dordick, J. Liu,

F. Zhang, W. Zhao, P. Paul, J. Martin, AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 240th NATIONAL MEETING, Boston, MA, August, 2010.

316. "Preventing the transmission of Plasmodium falciparum through the inhibition of malaria protein binding to placental

chondroitin sulfate," A, J. M. Beaudet, L. J. Mansur, B. Yang, F. Zhang, R. J. Linhardt, AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 240th NATIONAL MEETING, Boston, MA, August, 2010.

317. "Synthesis of a fluorous-tagged disaccharide for the enzymatic preparation of heparin oligosaccharides," S. Masuko, S. Bera,

R. J. Linhardt, AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 240th NATIONAL MEETING, Boston, MA, August, 2010. 318. "Co-axial cellulose nanofibers for electrical applications," M. Miyauchi, J. Miao, T. J. Simmons, J. S. Dordick , R. J.

Linhardt, AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 240th NATIONAL MEETING, Boston, MA, August, 2010. 319. "NMR for structure elucidation of commercially available heparin polysaccharides, K. Solakyildirim," S. A. McCallum, R. J.

Linhardt, AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 240th NATIONAL MEETING, Boston, MA, August, 2010. 320. "E. coli K5 heparosan production for bioengineered heparin," Z. Wang, M. Ly, F. Zhang, Z. Zhang, J. S. Dordick, R. J.

Linhardt, AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 240th NATIONAL MEETING, Boston, MA, August, 2010. 321. "Expression and characterization of enzymes for bioenzymatic synthesis of heparin," P. Paul, W. Zhao, R. Linhardt, J.

Dordick, J. Liu, AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 240th NATIONAL MEETING, Boston, MA, August, 2010. 322. "Optimization of analysis of glycosaminoglycans in biological samples," B. Li, R. J. Linhardt, AMERICAN CHEMICAL

SOCIETY 240th NATIONAL MEETING, Boston, MA, August, 2010. 323. "Glycomics studies on central nervous system," F. Zhang, Z. Liu, K. Solakyildirim, D. Pu, R. J. Linhardt, AMERICAN

CHEMICAL SOCIETY 240th NATIONAL MEETING, Boston, MA, August, 2010. 324. "Analysis of trans-retinoic acid - induced neuronal differentiation of pluripotent embryonal carcinoma cells," H. E.

Stansfield, B. Li, L. Gasimli, B. Yang, A. V. Nairn, K. W. Moremen, J. L. Paluh, R. J. Linhardt, J. S. Dordick, AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 240th NATIONAL MEETING, Boston, MA, August, 2010.

325. "Separation and characterization of the glycosaminoglycan components of proteoglycans," M. Ly, T. N. Laremore, K.

Solakyildirim, R. J. Linhardt, AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 240th NATIONAL MEETING, Boston, MA, August, 2010.

326. "Electrospun polyvinylpyrrolidone and cellulose fibers with magnetic nanoparticles for electromagnetic applications," T. J.

Simmons, J. Miao, M. Miyauchi, J. S. Dordick, R. J. Linhardt, AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 240th NATIONAL MEETING, Boston, MA, August, 2010.

327. "Advances in heparin analysis and synthesis," R. J. Linhardt, AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 240th NATIONAL

MEETING, Boston, MA, August, 2010. 328. "Inhibition of human NADPH oxidase by apocynin derived oligophenols," J. M. Mora Pale, S.-J. Kwon, M. Weiwer, R. J.

Linhardt, J. S. Dordick, AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 240th NATIONAL MEETING, Boston, MA, August, 2010. 329. "Electrospinning sheath-core structure based on poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) and multiwall carbon nanotubes," J. Miao, M.

Miyauchi, T. J. Simmons, J. S. Dordick, R. J. Linhardt, AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 240th NATIONAL MEETING, Boston, MA, August, 2010.

330. "On-line microflow high-performance liquid chromatography with nano-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for

heparan sulfate disaccharide analysis," B. Yang, K. Solakyildirim, J. G. Martin, T. Laremore, R. J. Linhardt, AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 240th NATIONAL MEETING, Boston, MA, August, 2010.

331. "Antiseptic single wall carbon nanotube bandages," T. J Simmons, S. H. Lee, T. J. Park, D. P. Hashim, P. M Ajayan, R. J.

Linhardt, AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 240th NATIONAL MEETING, Boston, MA, August, 2010.

332. "Purification strategies for separation of capsular polysaccharide from fermentation broth," U. Bhaskar, Z. Wang, F. Zhang,

J. S. Dordick, R. J. Linhardt, AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 240th NATIONAL MEETING, Boston, MA, August, 2010.

333. "Biosynthesis of heparin by metabolic engineering of Chinese hamster ovary cells," L. Gasimli, J. Baik, S. Sharfstein, R. J.

Linhardt, AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 240th NATIONAL MEETING, Boston, MA, August, 2010. 334. "Structural and quantitative analysis of disaccharides using CE with LIF detection," Y. Chang, T. Laremore, F. Zhang, R. J.

Linhardt, AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 240th NATIONAL MEETING, Boston, MA, August, 2010. 335. "Analysis of the absorption of low molecular weight heparin in human umbilical cord tissue as a model for the prevention of

cancer metastasis," A. M. Weyers, T. Sudha, B. Yang, B. Li, M. Takieddin, F. Zhang, S. A. Mousa, R. J. Linhardt, AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 240th NATIONAL MEETING, Boston, MA, August, 2010.

336. "Expression and characterization of enzymes for bioenzymatic synthesis of heparin," P. Paul, W. Zhao, J. S. Dordick, J. Liu,

R. J. Linhardt, 2010 AIChE Annual Meeting, Salt Lake City, UT, November 2010. 337. "Protein-Associated Water Affects the Removal of Blood Proteins From Metallic Substrates," G. Anand, F. Zhang, R. J.

Linhardt, G. Belfort, 2010 AIChE Annual Meeting, Salt Lake City, UT, November 2010. 338. "Dielectric properties of electrospun barium titanate fibers-silicone rubber composites," Z. Wang, J. Miao, H. Hilborg, S.

Zhao, R. J. Linhardt, J. K. Nelson, L.S. Schadler Materials Research Society (MRS) Meeting, Boston, MA, November 2010. 339. "Cloning and characterization of a novel glycosaminoglycan synthase from comamonas bacteria," N. J. Otto, K.

Solakyildirim, R. J. Linhardt, P. L. DeAngelis, 2010 Annual Conference of the Society for Glycobiology, ��� St. Pete Beach, FL November 2010. ���

340. "Heparin and other polydisperse drugs - how to monitor their safety," R. J. Linhardt, Symposium on Medicine Safety in a

World without Borders–AAAS ANNUAL MEETING, Washington DC, February 2011. 341. "Production of heparin in Chinese hamster ovary cells by metabolic engineering," J. Baik, L. Gasimli, P. Datta, B. Yang, R. J.

Linhardt, S.T. Sharfstein, AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 241st NATIONAL MEETING, Anaheim, March 2011. 342. "Heparin, Heparin Crisis and Future Perspective," F. Zhang, X. Liang, Robert J. Linhardt, 9th INTERNATIONAL

CONFERENCE OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, Hangzhou China, May 2011. 343. "Separation and characterization of heparan sulfate tetrasaccharide isomers differing only in hexuronic acid stereochemistry

using ESI-FAIMS and FTICR-MS/MS with EDD," M. J. Kailemia, F. E. Leach III, S. Arungundrum, K. Al-Mafraji, A. Venot, M. Ly, T. Laremore, M. Parks, D. Kaplan, G.-J. Boons, R. J. Linhardt, J. Amster, 59th ASMS CONFERENCE ON MASS SPECTROMETRY AND ALLIED TOPICS, Denver, Colorado, June 2011.

344. "Negative electron transfer dissociation fourier transform mass spectrometry of sulfated glycosaminoglycan carbohydrates,"

J. Wolff, F. E. Leach IIII, M. Ly, S. Arungundram, K. Al-Mafraji, A. Venot, G.-Jan Boons, R. J. Linhardt, J. Amster, 59th ASMS CONFERENCE ON MASS SPECTROMETRY AND ALLIED TOPICS, Denver, Colorado, June 2011.

345. "Sequencing intact bikunin glycosaminoglycan chains by FTMS/MS," F. E. Leach III, T. Laremore, M. Ly, Z. Xiao, J.

Muchena, J. Wolff, R. J. Linhardt, J. Amster, 59th ASMS CONFERENCE ON MASS SPECTROMETRY AND ALLIED TOPICS, Colorado, June 2011. Comparative Studies on the HIT Antibody Mediated Platelet Aggregation / Serotonin

346. "Release by synthetic pentasaccharide and two chemoenzymatically synthesized heptasaccharides," J. Walenga, C. Aranda,

R. J. Linhardt, J. Liu, M. Lewis, D. Hoppensteadt, J. Fareed, AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HEMATOLOGY MEETING, December 2011, San Diego.

347. "Chemoenzymatic synthesis of fluorous-tagged heparin oligosaccharides," S. Masuko, S. D. Nelson, R. J. Linhardt,

AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 242nd NATIONAL MEETING, San Diego, March 2012.

348. "Lysostaphin-immobilized electrospun cellulose fibers with antistaphylococcal activity for wound healing applications." J. Miao, R. C. Pangule, E. E. Paskaleva, E. Hwang, R. S. Kane, Robert J. Linhardt, J. S. Dordick, AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 242nd NATIONAL MEETING, San Diego, March 2012.

349. "Screening fibroblast growth factor – Fibroblast growth factor receptor interactions with variable heparin-like polysaccharides," E. Sterner, L. Meli, R. J. Linhardt, J. S. Dordick, AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 242nd NATIONAL MEETING, San Diego, March 2012.

350. "Metabolic engineering of CHO cells for production of anti-coagulant heparin," L. Gasimli, J. Y. Baik, P. Datta, B. Yang, X.

Zhao, R. J. Linhardt, S.T. Sharfstein, AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 242nd NATIONAL MEETING, San Diego, March 2012.

ABSTRACTS 1. "Biological Activity of Very Low Molecular Weight Heparin Oligosaccharides," Z.M. Merchant, Y.S. Kim, K.G. Rice, D.L.

Lohse, R.J. Linhardt, Biochemistry, 24, 3388 (1985). 2. "Effect of Cortisone and Heparin on DNA Synthesis in Cerebral Endothelium In Vitro," J.J. Olson, D.W. Beck, R.J. Linhardt,

N.J. Hays, Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology, 44, 341 (1985). 3. "Small Heparin Fragments Inhibit Complement Activation, " R.J. Linhardt, M.D. Sharath, Z.M. Merchant, Y.S. Kim, K.G.

Rice, and J.M. Weiler, Federation Proceedings, 44, 989 (1985). 4. "Very Low Molecular Weight Heparin (VLMW-H) Fragment Inhibition of Complement Activation, R.J. Linhardt, Y.S. Kim,

Z.M. Merchant, K.G. Rice, J.M. Weiler, Complement, 2, 49 (1985). 5. "Optimization of Faculty Microcomputer Productivity Using Efficient Communications Networking," R.J. Linhardt, B.

Rowland, B. Sorofman, C. Gjerde, American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 50, 292 (1986). 6. "Optimization of Faculty Microcomputer Productivity Using Efficient Communications Networking," B.H. Rowland, R.J.

Linhardt, B.S. Sorofman, C. Gjerde, Proceedings of the Forty-Ninth Annual Meeting, District Five, The National Association of Boards of Pharmacy, The American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy 18-24 (1986).

7. "Extracellular Matrices Influence Cerebral Endothelial Cell Replication and Migration," M.M. Poor, D.W. Beck, R.J.

Linhardt, Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology, 46, 399 (1987). 8. "Comparison of the Activity of Polyanions and Polycations on the Classical and Alternative Amplification Pathways of

Complement," J.M. Weiler, J.D. Engelken, K.G. Rice, R.J. Linhardt, G.J. Gleich, Complement, 4, 237 (1987). 9. "Highly Defined Monodisperse Heparin Oligosaccharide Fragments with Low Anticoagulant Activity are Equipotent with

Heparin in Regulating the Alternative-Amplification Pathway of Complement," J.M. Weiler, J.D. Engelken, K.G. Rice, R.J. Linhardt, Complement, 4, 237.

10. "Liquid Chromatography with Pulsed Amperometric Detection for the Microdetermination of the Carbohydrate Composition

of Glycoproteins," K.B. Lee, R.J. Linhardt, Biochemistry, 26, 4163 (1987). 11. "Heparinoid ORG 10172 in Stroke," E.W. Massey, J. M. Biller, J.N. Davis, H.P. Adams, L.B. Goldstein, M. Alberts, N. Earl,

A. Bruno, R.A. Henriksen, R.J. Linhardt, C.S. Greenberg, T. Kisker, G.J. Toffol, C. Bertels, K.J. Banwart, D.W. Beck, J.R. Marler, M. Walker, H.N. Magnani, Annals of Neurology, 24, 130 (1988).

12. "Antithrombin III (ATIII) Inhibits Complement (C) Activation," J.M. Weiler, J.D. Engleken, R.J. Linhardt, FASEB Journal,

3, 3335 (1989). 13. "Analysis of Glycosaminoglycan-Derived Oligosaccharides using Reversed Phase Ion-pairing and Ion-exchange

Chromatography with Suppressed Conductivity Detection," R.J. Linhardt, K.N. Gu, D. Loganathan, S.R. Carter, Glycoconjugate Journal, 6, 373 (1989).

14. "A Structural Variant of the Antithrombin III Binding Site and its Distribution in Heparin from Different Sources," R.J.

Linhardt, D. Loganathan, Glycoconjugate Journal, 6, 458 (1989). 15. "Immobilized C3b with Retention of Functional Activity," R.E. Edens, R.J. Linhardt, J.M. Weiler, FASEB Journal, 4, 7

(1990). 16. "Heparin Inhibits Complement (C) Activation in Guinea Pigs," R.E. Edens, D.P. Kapelanski, R.J. Linhardt, J.M. Weiler,

FASEB Journal, 5, A1715 (1991). 17. "Isolation and Characterization of Heparin Present in a Human Hemangioma," R.J. Linhardt, S.A. Ampofo, J. Fareed, J.

Folkman, Thrombosis and Haemostasis, 65, 931 (1991). 18. "Heparin and Modified Heparin Inhibit Complement Activation In Vivo," R.E. Edens, R.J. Linhardt, D.P. Kapelanski, J.M.

Weiler, Complement and Inflammation, 8, 144 (1991). 19. "Structure and Activity of Glycosaminoglycans," R.J. Linhardt, Journal of Cellular Biochemistry, 16D, 139 (1992). 20. "New Methodologies in Heparin Structure Analysis and the Generation of Low Molecular Weight Heparins," R.J. Linhardt,

H.M. Wang, S.A. Ampofo, Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 313, 37-47 (1992). 21. "A Strategy for Sequencing Proteoglycans," J. Liu, U.R. Desai, R.J. Linhardt, Glycobiology, 2, 491 (1992). 22. Diffusional Transport of Alkyl p-Aminobenzoates through Poly(DL-Lactide-Co-Glycolide, 50:50), Poly(ε-Caprolactone)

Blends," E.A. Schmitt, D.R. Flanagan, R.J. Linhardt, Pharmaceutical Research 9, S175 (1992). 23. "Low Molecular Weight Dermatan Sulfate as an Antithrombotic Agent: Structure Activity Studies," R.J. Linhardt, U.R.

Desai, J. Liu, D. Hoppensteadt, J. Fareed, Thrombosis and Haemostasis 69, 889 (1993). 24. "Heparin and its Interaction with Antithrombin III," R.J. Linhardt, R.E. Edens, J.H. Bae, U.R. Desai, A. Pervin, E. Caldwell,

J.M. Weiler, Thrombosis and Haemostasis 69, 656 (1993). 25. "Heparin Content and Structure in Hemangiomas," R.J. Linhardt, A. Pervin, S.A. Ampofo, J. Fareed, J.B. Mulliken, J.

Folkman, Thrombosis and Haemostasis 69, 656 (1993). 26. "Interaction of Acidic Fibroblast Growth Factor (aFGF) and Peptides with Heparin and Heparan Sulfate," J.R. Fromm, R.J.

Linhardt, V. Nadkarni, A. Pervin, E.E.O. Caldwell, J.M. Weiler, Glycobiology 4, 750 (1994). 27. "Characterization of Low Molecular Weight Heparin Using Capillary Electrophoresis and 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

Spectrometry," R.J. Linhardt, U.R. Desai, A. Pervin International Angiology 14, 370, 1995. 28. "Isolation and Characterization of Heparan Sulfate from Crude Porcine Intestinal Mucosa Peptidoglycan Heparin," C.C.

Griffin, S.E. Brown, R.J. Linhardt, R.E. Hileman, C.L. VanGorp, R.L. Schubert, FASEB Journal, 9, A1364, 1995. 29. "Characterization of A Heparan Sulfate by 1H-NMR and CE Analysis," T. Toida, T. Imanari, R.E. Hileman, R.J. Linhardt,

Glycoconjugate Journal, 12, 419, 1995. 30. "Highly Regio- and Stereo-selective Synthesis of Glycosaminoglycan Oligosaccharides," I. Vlahov, R.J. Linhardt,

Glycoconjugate Journal, 12, 460, 1995. 31. "Glycoprotein C of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Binds to Specific Polysaccharides Within Heparin," Gerber, S.I., Fromm,

J.R., Linhardt, R.J., Herald, B.C., Pediatric Research, 39, 1016, 1996. 32. "Acharan Sulfate and Acharan Sulfate-Derived New Oligosaccharides," Y.S. Kim, M.Y. Ahn, K.H. Shin, M.W. Chun, D.-H.

Kim, T. Toida, R.J. Linhardt, FASEB Journal, 11, 809, 1997. 33. "Differential Interactions of Heparin and Heparan Sulfate Glycosaminoglycans with the Selectins. Implications for the Use

of Unfractionated and Low Molecular Weight Heparins as Therapeutic Agents," A. Koenig, K. Norgard-Sumnicht, R.J. Linhardt, A. Varki, Glycobiology, 7 1046, 1997.

34. "Regio and Stereoselective Synthesis of Derivatives of L-Idopyranosiduronic Acid and D-Glucopyranosiduronic Acid from

Δ4-Uronates," H.G. Bazin, R.J. Kerns, R.J. Linhardt, Glycobiology, 7 1023, 1997. 35. "A Fraction of High Molecular Weight Heparin Has a High Affinity for Vitronectin," R. E. Edens, R.J. Linhardt, P. Kaul,

J.M. Weiler, Molecular Immunology, 35 339, 1998. 36. "Heparin, Chemically Modified Heparins and Acharan Sulfate Differentially Regulate Complement Activity," Edens, R. E.,

Kim, Y.S., Wu, S.J., Linhardt, R.J., Caldwell, E.B., Weiler J.M., Pediatric Research, 45 22A, 1999. 37. "Absorption of Orally Administered Unlabeled and [C-14] Porcine Intestinal mucosal Heparin," Hiebert, L.M., Wice, S.M.,

Ping, T., Hileman, R.E., Capila, I., Linhardt, R.J., Thrombosis and Haemostasis, 1431S, 1999. 38. "Increase in the growth inhibition of bovine pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells by an O-hexanoyl low molecular weight

heparin derivative, " H. G. Garg, L. Yu, C. A. Hales, J. Xie, R. J. Linhardt, Glycobiology, 22, 246-247, 2005. 39. "Heparin-Protein Interactions, " R. J. Linhardt, Glycobiology, 22, 163, 2005. 40. "In Vivo Antithrombotic Synergy of Oral Heparin and Arginine: Endothelial Thromboresistance Without Systemic

Anticoagulation," B. Daniels, R.J. Linhardt, F. Zhang, W. Mao, S. Wice, L. Hiebert, Clinical Laboratory, 52, 434, 2006. 41. "Viral and Cellular Determinants of Hepatitis C Virus Envelope-Heparan Sulfate Interaction," H. Barth, E. K. Schnober, F.

Zhang, R. J. Linhardt, E. Depla, B. Boson, F. Cosset, A. Patel, H. E. Blum, T .F. Baumert, Journal of Hepatology, 44, S152, 402, 2006.

42. "Glycomics of Proteoglycan Biosynthesis in Murine Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation," A.V. Nairn, A. Kinoshita-

Toyoda, H. Toyoda, J. Xi, K. Harris, S. Dalton, M. Kulik, J.M. Pierce, T. Toida, K.W. Moremen, R.J. Linhardt Glycobiology 17, 1232, 2007.

43. "Heparin and Heparan Sulfate on Proteins of the Hedgehog Signaling Pathway," R. J Linhardt, F. Zhang, A. M. Ayala, J. S.

McLellan, D. J. Leahy, Glycobiology 17, 1218, 2007. 44. "Conformational Analysis of a Dermatan Sulfate - Derived Tetrasaccharide by NMR, Molecular Modeling and Residual

Dipolar Coupling," A. Silipo, Z. Zhang, F. Javier Cañada, A. Molinaro, R. J. Linhardt, J. Jimenez-Barbero, Glycobiology 17, 1248, 2007.

45. "Glycomics of Proteoglycan Biosynthesis in ESC Differentiation," A. V. Nairn, S. Dalton, T. Toida, M. Pierce, K. W.

Moremen, R. J. Linhardt. Matrix Biology, 27, S10, 2008. 46. "Bioavailability of oversulfated chondroitin sulfate in rats. Pharmacological implications in contaminated heparins," A.

Losada, D. Hoppensteadt, E. Litinas, J. Emanuele, M. Mostert, R. Linhardt, J. Fareed, FASEB Journal 23, LB401, 2009. NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL SEMINARS 1. "Microbial Heparinase: Its Preparation, Purification and Immobilization," R.J. Linhardt, R. Langer, C.L. Cooney, P.M.

Galliher, M.M. Flanagan, NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE, Fort Dietrich, Maryland, February, 1980. 2. "Serious Adverse Reactions to Protamine: New Alternatives to Heparin Neutralization by Protamine," R.J. Linhardt,

University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Department of Allergy Grand Rounds, Iowa City, IA, April, 1984. 3. "Heparin and Protamine," University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Vascular Surgery Conference, Iowa City, IA, October,

1984. 4. "Sequencing of Heparin and the Discovery and Preparation of New Drugs," R.J. Linhardt, University of Iowa, Department of

Chemistry, Iowa City, IA, October, 1984. 5. "Human Applications of Catalytic Biopolymers," Robert J. Linhardt, Iowa Academic-Industrial Technology Conference,

Session on Biotechnology: Human Research, Des Moines, IA, February, 1985. 6. "Heparin," Robert J. Linhardt, University of Iowa, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Immunology, Iowa City, IA,

April, 1985. 7. "Isolation of Active Heparin Fragments," K.G. Rice, Y.S. Kim, D.L. Lohse, Z.M. Merchant, R.J. Linhardt, Iowa Academy of

Science, 96th Session, Iowa City, IA, April, 1985. 8. "New Drugs From Human Sources," R.J. Linhardt St. Mary's College, Department of Biology, Winona, MN, April, 1985. 9. "Heparin and Complement Activation," R.J. Linhardt, University of Iowa, Department of Internal Medicine, Immunology

Group Seminar, Iowa City, IA, April, 1985. 10. "Heparin and Heparinoids," R.J. Linhardt, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Department of Neurology Grand

Rounds, Iowa City, IA, December, 1985. 11. "Heparin: Structure and Activity in Developing New Drugs," R.J. Linhardt, Mayo Clinic, Department of Pharmacology,

Rochester, MN, March 1986. 12. "Heparin and Protamine," R.J. Linhardt, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Vascular Surgery Conference, Iowa City,

IA, March, 1986. 13. "Sequencing Heparin: Structure and Activity in Developing New Drugs," R.J. Linhardt, The Johns Hopkins University,

Department of Chemistry, Baltimore, MD, March, 1986.

14. "New Drugs From Human Sources," R.J. Linhardt, Western Illinois University, Department of Chemistry, Macomb, IL,

April, 1986. 15. "Biopolymers as Informational Molecules and Drugs," R.J. Linhardt, Kraft Incorporated, Chicago, IL, April, 1986. 16. "Polysaccharide Sequencing and Structure Determination," R.J. Linhardt, Invitron Incorporated, Clayton, MO, May, 1986.

17. "New Approaches in Processing and Delivering Biopolymeric Drugs," R.J. Linhardt, Amgen, Thousand Oaks, CA, June,

1986. 18. "Structure and Activity of Low Molecular Weight Heparin Oligosaccharides," R.J. Linhardt, Abbott Laboratories, Chicago,

IL, December, 1986. 19. "Compositional Analysis of Glycoprotein-Derived Oligosaccharides," R.J. Linhardt, K.B. Lee, Invitron Incorporated,

Clayton, MO, March, 1987. 20. "Compositional Analysis of Oligosaccharides from Recombinant and Natural Glycoproteins and Sequence Analysis of

Heparin," R.J. Linhardt, Shemyakin Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, USSR, April, 1987. 21. "On the Structure of Heparin," R.J. Linhardt, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry," Moscow, USSR, April, 1987. 22. "New Approaches in Controlled Anticoagulation and Controlled Release of Macromolecular Drugs," R.J. Linhardt,

Petrochemical Institute, Moscow, USSR, April, 1987. 23. "Heparin as an Anticoagulant and Other Therapeutic Applications," R.J. Linhardt, Kavetsky Institute for Oncology Problems,

Kiev, USSR, April, 1987. 24. "Carbohydrate Composition and Sequence: Effect on the Biological Activities of Heparin and Glycoprotein Drugs," R.J.

Linhardt, Merck Sharp and Dohme, West Point, PA, June, 1987. 25. "Structure Activity Relationships of Heparin," University of Manchester, Manchester, UK, July, 1987. 26. "Heparin: Structure and Sequence," R.J. Linhardt, Royal Hollaway and Bedford College, University of London, Egham, UK,

July, 1987. 27. "Low Molecular Weight Heparins," R.J. Linhardt, Abbott Laboratories, Chicago, IL, September, 1987. 28. "Heparin's Other Biological Activities," University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Immunology Group Seminar, Iowa City,

IA, February, 1988. 29. "Heparin's Structure and Sequencing," R.J. Linhardt, Department of Applied Biological Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA,

February, 1988. 30. "Heparin's Many Biological Activities and Their Exploitation," R.J. Linhardt, Kirin Brewery Co., LTD., Life Sciences

Department, Tokyo, Japan, April, 1988. 31. "New Approaches to Extracorporeal Therapy," R.J. Linhardt, Molecular Biology Institute, Nankai University, Tianjin, PRC,

April, 1988. 32. "Structure Determination and Sequencing of Heparin and Other Acidic Polysaccharides," R.J. Linhardt, Nankai University,

Tianjin, PRC, April, 1988. 33. "Methods for Sequencing Neutral Oligosaccharides Obtained from Glycoproteins," R.J. Linhardt, Nankai University, Tianjin,

PRC, April, 1988. 34. "Biodegradable Polymers for the Controlled Release of Bioactive Agents," R.J. Linhardt, Nankai University, Tianjin, PRC,

April, 1988. 35. "Biotransformations and Immobilized Biocatalysts," R.J. Linhardt, Nankai University, Tianjin, PRC, April, 1988. 36. "The U.S., European and Japanese Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Industries," R.J. Linhardt, Nankai University, Tianjin,

PRC, April, 1988.

37. "Structural Considerations in the Mediation of Biologic Activity of Heparin," R.J. Linhardt, Department of Pathology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, August, 1988.

38. "Sequencing Acidic Polysaccharides," R.J. Linhardt, Glycomed, San Francisco, October, 1988. 39. "Application of NMR to Acidic Polysaccharides," R.J. Linhardt, Glycomed, San Francisco, October, 1988. 40. "Analysis of Acidic Polysaccharides," R.J. Linhardt, K. Gu, Merck Sharp and Dohme, Rahway, NJ, November, 1988. 41. "Heparin: Structure and Activities," R.J. Linhardt, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of

Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, December, 1988. 42. "Analysis of Heparin and Other Acidic Oligosaccharides," R.J. Linhardt, Division of Drug Analysis, Food and Drug

Administration, St. Louis, MO, December, 1988. 43. "Heparin's Structure-Function Relationship," R.J. Linhardt, Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS,

February, 1989. 44. "SAR of Heparin and Low Molecular Weight Heparin," R.J. Linhardt, Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories, Rouses Point, NY, March,

1989. 45. "Approaches to Sequencing Heparin," R.J. Linhardt, Department of Chemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH, April, 1989. 46. "Heparin: Structure and Activities," R.J. Linhardt, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of

Toledo, Toledo, OH, April, 1989. 47. "Low Molecular Weight Heparin, Structure and Activity," R.J. Linhardt, Enzytech, Cambridge, MA, June, 1989. 48. "Enzymes for the Determination of Carbohydrate Structure Activity Relations," R.J. Linhardt, Eastman Kodak Symposium

on Biocatalysts, Iowa City, IA, October, 1989. 49. "New Approaches to Sequencing Heparin," R.J. Linhardt, Department of Chemistry, Luther College, Decorah, IA, October,

1989. 50. "Low Molecular Weight Heparins as Antithrombotic Agents," R.J. Linhardt, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics,

Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Grand Rounds, Iowa City, IA, December, 1989. 51. "Approaches for Sequencing Heparin," R.J. Linhardt, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City,

IA, January, 1990. 52. "Molecular and Structural Studies on Glycosaminoglycans," R.J. Linhardt, Departments of Pathology and Pharmacology,

Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University, Maywood, IL, February, 1990. 53. "Heparin's Structure and Pharmacology," R.J. Linhardt, Department of Pharmacology, The Johns Hopkins University

Medical School, Baltimore, MD, March, 1990. 54. "Heparin, Structure and Biological Activities," R.J. Linhardt, Department of Biology and the McCullom Pratt Institute, The

Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, March, 1990 55. "Heparin's Structure and Sequencing," Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of California, San

Francisco, CA, March, 1990. 56. "Composition and Sequence Analysis of Glycoprotein Derived Oligosaccharides," R.J. Linhardt, K.B. Lee, Natural Products

Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea, August, 1990. 57. "Biodegradable Polymers for the Controlled Delivery of Vaccines," R.J. Linhardt, Mogam Biotechnology Research Institute,

Kyonggi-Do, South Korea. 58. "Biodegradable Polymers for the Controlled Delivery of Vaccines," R.J. Linhardt, Chong Kun Dang Corporation, Seoul,

South Korea, August, 1990. 59. "Heparin: Structure and Activity," R.J. Linhardt, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital,

Seoul, South Korea, August, 1990.

60. "Biodegradable Polymers for the Controlled Delivery of Vaccines," R.J. Linhardt, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea, August, 1990.

61. "Structure, Analysis and Derivatization of Acidic Polysaccharides and Neutral Oligosaccharides," R.J. Linhardt,

Chembiomed Ltd., Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, January, 1991. 62. "New Approaches to Sequencing Heparin and Other Carbohydrates," R.J. Linhardt, Department of Biochemistry and the

Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, January, 1991. 63. "Biodegradable Poly (Ester) Microspheres for the Controlled Delivery of Drugs," R.J. Linhardt, Medtronic Promeon,

Brooklyn Center, MN, February 1991. 64. "Approaches to Sequencing Acidic and Neutral Oligosaccharides," R.J. Linhardt, Department of Chemistry, MIT,

Cambridge, MA, March 1991. 65. "Heparin: Structure and Biological Activities," R.J. Linhardt, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute Gustave-

Roussy, Villejuif, Cedex, France, July 1991. 66. "Isolation and Characterization of Human Heparin from a Hemangioma," R.J. Linhardt, Department of Pathology, Loyola

University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, July 1991. 67. "Electrophoresis for Sequencing Carbohydrates," R.J. Linhardt, Promega Corporation, Madison, WI, September 1991. 68. "Heparin and Low Molecular Weight Heparins," R.J. Linhardt, Gene Labs, Redwood, CA, October 1991. 69. "Heparin: Its Structure and Activities," R.J. Linhardt, College of Pharmacy, University of the Andes, Merida, Venezuela,

October, 1991. 70. "Biodegradable Polymers for the Controlled Release of Bioactive Agents," R.J. Linhardt, College of Pharmacy, University of

the Andes, Merida, Venezuela, October, 1991. 71. "Analysis and Strategy For Developing New Biopolymeric Drugs," R.J. Linhardt, College of Pharmacy, University of the

Andes, Merida, Venezuela, October, 1991. 72. "Low Molecular Weight Heparin: Molecular Weight and End Group Analysis," R.J. Linhardt, Wyeth Laboratories, Rouses

Point, NY, December, 1991. 73. "New Methods in the Sequencing of Polysaccharides," R.J. Linhardt, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Iowa

State University, Ames, IA, February 1992. 74. "Heparin: Structure and Biological Activities," R.J. Linhardt, Cancer Center Seminar Series, Department of Biology,

University of California, San Diego, CA, April 1992. 75. "Structure-Activity Relationship of Heparin," R.J. Linhardt, La Jolla Cancer Research Foundation, San Diego, CA, August

1992. 76. "Isolation and Characterization of Human Hemangioma Heparin," R.J. Linhardt, Department of Pathology, Loyola

University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, February 1993. 77. "Heparin Lyases to Study Heparin's Structure" R.J. Linhardt, Whitaker College of Health Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA,

August, 1993. 78. "Carbohydrate Structural Studies in the Characterization of Heparin," R.J. Linhardt, BASF Bioresearch Corporation,

Cambridge, MA, August, 1993. 79. "Heparin, Structure Activity and Chemistry," R.J. Linhardt, 3M Corporation, St. Paul, MN, September, 1993. 80. "Heparin-Protein Interactions," R.J. Linhardt, The Ohio State University, College of Pharmacy, Columbus, OH, October,

1993. 81. "Purification of Chondroitin AC Lyase and Glycuronidase from Flavobacterium heparinum," R.J. Linhardt, IBEX

Technologies, Montreal, Canada, November, 1993. 82. "Heparin: Structure and Anticoagulant Activity," R.J. Linhardt, SoloPak Pharmaceuticals Inc., Chicago, IL, December, 1993.

83. "Heparin: Structure and Activity," R.J. Linhardt, Amgen, Thousand Oaks, CA, January, 1994. 84. "Low Molecular Weight Heparin: Analysis and Regulatory Issues," R.J. Linhardt, Alpha-Beta Technologies, Worcester, MA,

April, 1994. 85. "Heparin Stability Studies," R.J. Linhardt, Wyeth-Ayerst, Rouses Point, NY, April, 1994. 86. "Heparin: Structure and Activity," R.J. Linhardt, Amgen, Boulder, CO, April, 1994. 87. "Heparin: Structure and Activity," R.J. Linhardt, LeukoSite, Boston, MA, July, 1994. 88. "Synthesis of Heparin Oligosaccharides from Chiral Synthons," R.J. Linhardt, TransCell Technologies, Inc., Monmouth

Junction, NJ, August, 1994. 89. "Analysis of Neutral and Acidic Carbohydrates," R.J. Linhardt, Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA,

September, 1994. 90. "Heparin Stability Studies," R.J. Linhardt, Wyeth-Ayerst, Rouses Point, NY, January, 1995. 91. "Heparin: It’s Interaction with Proteins and Biological Activities," R.J. Linhardt, 3-Dimensional Pharmaceuticals, PA,

January, 1995. 92. "Heparin: Structure, Activity and Chemical Synthesis," R.J. Linhardt, Amgen, Boulder, CO, May, 1995. 93. "Heparin: Structure, Activity and Chemical Synthesis," R.J. Linhardt, Lederle Pharmaceuticals, Pearl River, NY, May, 1995. 94. "Heparin: Structure Modification and Biological Activities," R.J. Linhardt, Zynaxis, Malvern, PA, August, 1995. 95. "Sulfated Oligosaccharides and Polysaccharides: Preparation, Analysis, Applications and Biological Activities," R.J.

Linhardt, Rhone-Poulenc Rorer, Collegeville, PA, October, 1995. 96. "Heparin: Structure, Activity and Synthesis," R.J. Linhardt, The Johns Hopkins University, Department of Chemistry,

Baltimore, MD, October, 1995. 97. "Heparin and Related Sulfated Oligosaccharides: Structure, Activity and Synthesis," R.J. Linhardt, Ciba-Geigy Research

Center, Hindustan, Bombay INDIA, November, 1995. 98. "Heparin: Structure and Biological Activities," R.J. Linhardt, Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay, Biotechnology

Centre, Bombay, INDIA, November, 1995. 99. "Heparin: An Important Drug Enters Its Seventh Decade," R.J. Linhardt, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay,

Bombay, INDIA, November, 1995. 100. "Heparin: Structure, Activity and Synthesis," R.J. Linhardt, Bombay University, Department of Chemical Technology,

Bombay, INDIA, November, 1995. 101. "Heparin: Structure, Activity and Synthesis," R.J. Linhardt, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Department of

Chemistry, Madras, INDIA, November, 1995. 102. "Heparin: Structure, Activity and Chemical Synthesis," R.J. Linhardt, Genentech, San Francisco, CA, November, 1995. 103. "Heparin: Structure-Activity Relationship and Its Interaction with Proteins," R.J. Linhardt, Department of Biochemistry,

College of Medicine, University of Minnesota, February, 1996. 104. "Structure and Analysis of Glycosaminoglycans," R.J. Linhardt, Estee Lauder, Melville, NY, March, 1996. 105. "Low Molecular Weight Heparin," R.J. Linhardt, Wyeth-Ayerst Pharmaceuticals, Pearl River, NY, April, 1996. 106. "Heparin: Structure, Activity and New Potential Applications," R.J. Linhardt, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba

University, Chiba, Japan, November, 1996. 107. "Heparin: Structure, Activities Mediated through Protein Interaction, and New Approaches to Heparin Oligosaccharide

Synthesis," R.J. Linhardt, College of Pharmacy, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan, November, 1996.

108. "New Methods for the Analysis of Glycosaminoglycans and their Interaction with Proteins," R.J. Linhardt, Pharmacia

Biotech, Tokyo, Japan, November, 1996. 109. "Biodegradable Polymers for Controlled Drug Delivery," R.J. Linhardt, Department of Chemistry, National Taipei

University, Taipei, Taiwan, November, 1996. 110. "Heparin: Structure, Activity and New Potential Applications," R.J. Linhardt, College of Pharmacy, National Taiwan

University, Taipei, Taiwan, November, 1996. 111. "Heparin: Structure, Activity and New Potential Applications," R.J. Linhardt, K.B. Lee, Natural Products Research Institute,

Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea, November, 1996. 112. "Heparin: Structure, Activity and a New Approaches for the Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Heparin Oligosaccharide," R.J.

Linhardt, Department of Chemistry, University of Indiana, Bloomington, IN, December, 1996. 113. "Glycosaminoglycan Structure and Protein Binding in Cell-Cell Interactions," R.J. Linhardt, Department of Helsinki

Biocenter, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, December, 1996. 114. "Heparin: Structure, Activities Mediated through Protein Interaction, and New Approaches to Heparin Oligosaccharide

Synthesis," R.J. Linhardt, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, February, 1997. 115. "Heparin: Structure, Activity and Chemical Synthesis," R.J. Linhardt, Invited Speaker, 12th Biennial Carl S. Marvel

Symposium, University of Arizona, Tuscon, AZ, March, 1997. 116. "Antithrombotics of Biological Origin: From Biological Compounds to Defined Pharmaceuticals," R.J. Linhardt, Plenary

Lecture, Gesellschaft für Arzneipflanzenforschung, Universität Regensberg, Regensberg, Germany, September 1997. 117. "Heparin’s Biological Activities and their Potential Clinical Applications," R.J. Linhardt, Hans Vielberth Fellowship Lecture,

Facultät Medizin, Universität Regensberg, Regensberg, Germany, September 1997. 118. "Heparin: Structure, Activities Mediated through Protein Interaction," R.J. Linhardt, Washington University School of

Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, St. Louis, MO, January, 1998. 119. "Heparin and Low Molecular Weight Heparin: Structure, Biological activities and Clinical Applications," R.J. Linhardt,

Eurand, Vandalia, OH, May, 1998. 120. "Synthesis of Ulosonic Acid “C”-Glycosides," R.J. Linhardt, Wyeth-Ayerst Pharmaceuticals, Princeton, NJ, June, 1998. 121. "Heparin and Low Molecular Weight Heparin: Structure, Biological Activities and Clinical Applications," R.J. Linhardt,

Emisphere Technologies, Tarrytown, NY, June, 1998. 122. "Heparin: Structure, Activities Mediated through Protein Interaction," R.J. Linhardt, Diatide, Londondary, NH, July, 1998. 123. "Heparin-Protein Interactions and Biological Activities," R.J. Linhardt, College of Pharmacy, University of Toledo, Toledo,

OH, September, 1998. 124. "Heparin-Protein Interactions," R.J. Linhardt, Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, October, 1998. 125. "Heparin: Biological Activity and Oral Bioavailability," R.J. Linhardt, Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical

Center, Maywood, IL, November, 1998. 126. "Heparin: Structure, Biological, Activities and Therapeutic Potential," R.J. Linhardt, Rhône-Poulenc Rorer, Vitry, France,

November, 1998. 127. "Heparin: Structure and Biological Activities Mediated Through Its Interaction with Proteins," R. J. Linhardt, Bioresearch

Institute, National Research Council of Canada, Montreal, Canada, February, 1999. 128. "Heparin: Structure and Biological Activities Mediated Through Its Interaction with Proteins," R. J. Linhardt, Department of

Biology, MIT, March, 1999. 129. "Carbohydrates in Drug Discovery," R. J. Linhardt, INSMED Pharmaceuticals, Richmond, VA, March, 1999. 130. "Heparin: Structure and Biological Activities and Chemical Synthesis," R.J. Linhardt, Department of Chemistry, University

of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, April, 1999. 131. "Heparin: Structure and Biological Activities and Synthesis," R.J. Linhardt, Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa,

Iowa City, IA, April, 1999. 132. "Synthesis of Ulosonic Acid C-Glycosides," R.J. Linhardt, The Noguchi Institute, Tokyo, Japan, August, 1999. 133. "C-Glycosides of Ulosonic Acids," R.J. Linhardt, Kotobuki Pharmaceutical Company, Nagano, Japan, August, 1999. 134. "Heparin: Structure and Biological Activities Mediated Through Its Interaction With Proteins," R.J. Linhardt, Abbott

Laboratories Chicago, IL, December, 1999. 135. "Heparin: Structure and Biological Activities Mediated Through Its Interaction With Proteins," R.J. Linhardt, Boston

Glycobiology Discussion Group, MIT, Cambridge, MA, January, 2000. 136. "Heparin: Structure and Biological Activities Mediated Through Its Interaction With Proteins," R.J. Linhardt, Wayne State

University, Department of Chemistry, Detroit, MI, January, 2000. 137. "Bioavailability of Heparin and Low Molecular Weight Heparins," R.J. Linhardt, Loyola University Medical Center,

Department of Pharmacology, Maywood, IL, February, 2000. 138. "Heparinase Activity on a Synthetic Pentasaccharide," R.J. Linhardt, Loyola University Medical Center, Department of

Pharmacology, Maywood, IL, October, 2000. 139. "Heparin: Structure and Biological Activities Mediated Through Its Interaction With Proteins," R.J. Linhardt, Department of

Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, October, 2000. 140. "Heparin: Structure and Biological Activities Mediated Through Its Interaction With Proteins," R.J. Linhardt, Saudi

Pharmaceutical Society, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, February, 2001. 141. "Carbohydrate-Based Therapeutics," R.J. Linhardt, King Faisal Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, February, 2001. 142. "Carbohydrate-Based Therapeutics," R.J. Linhardt, College of Pharmacy (M), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,

February, 2001. 143. "Synthesis of C-Glycoside Based Therapeutics," R.J. Linhardt, College of Pharmacy (F), King Saud University, Riyadh,

Saudi Arabia, February, 2001. 144. "Heparin: Structure and Biological Activities Mediated Through Its Interaction With Proteins," R.J. Linhardt, Department of

Physiology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, February, 2001. 145. "Heparin: Structure and Biological Activities Mediated Through Its Interaction With Proteins," R.J. Linhardt, National

Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, April, 2001. 146. "Polysaccharide Interaction with Proteins and Smaller Molecules," R.J. Linhardt, Cabot Industries, Billerica, MA, October,

2001. 147. "Progress in the synthesis of C-glycoside analogs of sialic acid-containing glycoconjugates," R.J. Linhardt, Gifu University,

Gifu, Japan, March, 2002. 148. "Structure and Function of Heparin," R.J. Linhardt, Rensselaer Polytechnic University, Troy, NY, April, 2002. 149. "Carbohydrate-Based Therapeutics," R.J. Linhardt, Seoul National University, Natural Products Institute Seoul, Korea, April,

2002. 150. "Heparin: Structure and Biological Activities," R.J. Linhardt, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, October, 2002. 151. "Heparin: Structure and Biological Activities in Drug Development," R.J. Linhardt, Virginia Commonwealth University,

Richmond, VA, November, 2002. 152. "Heparin: Structure, Activity and New Approaches for Synthesis," R.J. Linhardt, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, February,

2003. 153. "Heparin and Highly Sulfated Carbohydrates: Analysis using ESI-MS," R.J. Linhardt, Boston University School of Medicine

Mass Spectrometry Resource, Boston, MA, April, 2003. 154. "Advances in Heparin Chemistry and Biology," R.J. Linhardt, Boston Glycobiology Cardiovascular Institute, Loyola

University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, October, 2003. 155. "Heparin Glycobiology," R.J. Linhardt, Boston Glycobiology Discussion Group, MIT, Cambridge, MA, November, 2003. 156. "Heparin: A Better Understanding of Its Chemistry and Biology," Albany College of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Research

Institute, Albany, NY, February, 2004. 157. "Heparin: Structure and New Biological Activities in Drug Development," R.J. Linhardt, New York University, NY, NY,

February, 2004. 158. "Heparin: Structure and Activities," R.J. Linhardt, University of Iowa Cardiovascular Center, Iowa City, IA, March, 2004. 159. "Heparin: Structure, Activities and Synthetic Advances" R.J. Linhardt, University of Georgia, Complex Carbohydrate

Research Center, Athens, GA, March, 2004. 160. "Advances in the Synthesis of Acidic Oligosaccharides," R.J. Linhardt, University of Missouri, Department of Chemistry, St.

Louis, MO, March, 2004. 161. "Heparin, Low Molecular Heparin and Analogs as Cardiovascular Agents," R.J. Linhardt, LEO Pharmaceuticals,

Copenhagen, Denmark, August 2004. 162. "Glycobiology of Proteoglycans and their Glycomics,” R.J. Linhardt, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Department of

Biology, Troy, NY, November 2004. 163. "Heparin: Structure, Activities and Synthetic Advances," R.J. Linhardt, State University of New York at Albany, Albany,

NY, March 2005. 164. "Heparin Glycomics in Disease and Development, " R. J. Linhardt, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of

Biology, Rosenberg Symposium, March 2005. 165. "Heparin: Structure, Activities and Synthesis," Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, City University of New York,

December, 2005. 166. "Heparin and Low Molecular Weight Heparins as Multi-Pharmacological Agents," Abbott Pharmaceutical, Chicago, IL,

March, 2006. 167. "Heparin: Structure and New Biological Activities in Drug Development," R.J. Linhardt, University of Minnesota,

Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Gisvold Lectureship, April, 2006. 168. "Heparin: Structure, Activities and Synthesis," R.J. Linhardt, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, April, 2006. 169. "Glycosaminoglycan: Structure, Activity and Synthesis," R.J. Linhardt, University of Oklahoma Medical Center, Oklahoma

City, OK, May, 2006. 170. "Advances in Neuraminic Acid C-Glycoside Synthesis," R.J. Linhardt, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba

University, Chiba, Japan, June, 2006. 171. "Glycosaminoglycan: Structure, Activity and Synthesis," R.J. Linhardt, National Institutes of Health and Sciences (NIHS),

Tokyo, Japan, June, 2006. 172. "Advances in Neuraminic Acid C-Glycoside Synthesis," R.J. Linhardt, Kotobuki Pharmaceutical Company, Nagano, Japan,

June, 2006. 173. "Enzyme Technology and Heparinase," R.J. Linhardt, Langer Symposium, Massachusetts Institute of Technology,

Cambridge, MA, July, 2006. 174. "Chemistry and Biology of Acidic Carbohydrates," R.J. Linhardt, Union College, Schenectady, NY, September, 2006. 175. "Heparin: Structure, Activities and Synthesis," R.J. Linhardt, Wayne State University, MI, October, 2006. 176. "Heparin: Structure, Biology and Therapeutic Applications," R.J. Linhardt, School of Pharmacy, University of North

Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, October, 2006. 177. "Carbohydrate-Based Nanocomposites," R.J. Linhardt, Dartmouth Nanomaterials Symposium, Thayer School of

Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, October, 2007. 178. "Glycosaminoglycan: Structure, Activity and Synthesis," R.J. Linhardt, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, April,

2008. 179. "Glycosaminoglycan: Structure, Activity and Synthesis," R.J. Linhardt, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, April, 2008. 180. “Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Heparin,” R. J. Linhardt, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Washington D.C., April, 2008. 181. "Glycosaminoglycan: Structure, Activity and Synthesis," R.J. Linhardt, Albert Einstein University Medical School, New

York, NY, May, 2008. 182. "Heparin: Structure, Analysis and Synthesis, " R. J. Linhardt, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Washington D.C., May,

2008. 183. "Glycosaminoglycan Structure, Activity and Synthesis," R.J. Linhardt, Department of Chmistry, University of Georgia,

Athens, GA, May, 2008. 184. "Chemistry, structure, properties and characterization of anticoagulant GAGs and GAG-analogs, " R. J. Linhardt, CEDER

Rounds, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Washington D.C., May, 2008. 185. "Challenges for heparin-based therapeutics," R. J. Linhardt, Loyola University, School of Medicine, Chicago, IL July, 2008. 186. "Heparin: Moving Forward After the Contamination Crisis," R.J. Linhardt, Baxter, Chicago, IL, September 2008. 187. "Heparin: Structure, Analysis and Synthesis, " R. J. Linhardt, Colgate University, Hammilton, NY, October, 2008. 188. "The Heparin Contamination Crisis: Immediate and Long Term Solutions," R. J. Linhardt, National Institutes of Health,

NHLBI, Bethesda, MD, November 2008. 189. "Heparin and Heparan Sulfate: New Approaches in Glycoengineering," R. J. Linhardt, Department of Biomedical

Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, February, 2009. 190. "Heparin: Structure, Activity and Synthesis," R. J. Linhardt, Department of Chemistry, Drexel University, Baltimore, MD,

February, 2009. 191. "Novel Applications for Cellulosic Nanocomposites," R. J. Linhardt, SUNY-ESF, Department of Chemistry, Syracuse, NY,

April, 2009. 192. "Heparin: Structure, Activity and Synthesis," R. J. Linhardt, Bectin Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, NJ, May, 2009. 193. "RPI Stem Cell Research: New Technologies Towards Directed Differentiation and Therapeutic Applications," J. L. Paluh,

R. Kane, D. Thompson, R. J. Linhardt, Stem Cell Science in New York State: Emerging Opportunities, 2009 NYSTEM Awardees Meeting, Albany, NY, June, 2009.

194. "Research in Glycobiolgy, Glycochemistry and Glycotechnology," R.J. Linhardt, Back to Class 2009, Rensellaer, Troy, NY,

October 2009. 195. "Polysaccharides: From Bioengineered Drugs to Energy Storage Devices," R.J. Linhardt, Ithica College, Ithica, NY, October

2009. 196. "Research in Glycobiolgy, Glycochemistry and Glycotechnology," R. J. Linhardt, Joint Rensselaer and Rockerfeller

University Joint Research Symposium, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, December, 2009. 197. "Nanocomposites for electrical and biomedical applications," R.J. Linhardt, Chisso Inc., Tokyo Japan, July 2010. 198. "Heparin crisis drives the development of bioengineered heparin," R.J. Linhardt, Otsuka Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tokushima,

Japan, July 2010. 199. "Heparin: Structure, Activity and Synthesis," R.J. Linhardt, Seaton Hall University, Departemnt of Chemistry, West Orange,

NJ, September 2010.

200. "Heparin: Structure, Activity and Synthesis," R.J. Linhardt, Binghamton University, Departemnt of Chemistry, Binghamton,

NY, September 2010. 201. "Heparin, A Recent Healthcare Crisis, and Future Prospects For This Critically Important Drug," University of Iowa, October

2010. 202. "Glycoscince and Glycotechnology," R. J. Linhardt, Pharmacology Research Training Seminar – National Cancer Institute,

Frederick, MD, February, 2011. PAPERS PRESENTED AT REGIONAL MEETINGS 1. "Mechanism of Decomposition of Diacyl Peroxides and Related Carboxy Inversion of Compounds in Aqueous Acetone,"

R.J. Linhardt and B.L. Murr, MIDDLE ATLANTIC REGIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, Monmouth, NJ, March, 1979.

2. "Progress in the Sequencing of Heparin," Y.S. Kim, K.G. Rice, Z.M. Merchant, R.J. Linhardt, TWENTY-SECOND

ANNUAL MIKIW MIDWESTERN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY MEETING, Iowa City, IA, April, 1984. 3. "Structure and Activities of Very Low Molecular Weight Heparins," K.G. Rice, Y.S. Kim, D.L. Lohse, Z.M. Merchant, R.J.

Linhardt, TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL MIKIW MIDWESTERN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY MEETING, Minneapolis, MN, April, 1985.

4. "Small Heparin Fragments Inhibit Complement Activation," R.J. Linhardt, M.D. Sharath, Y.S. Kim, Z.M. Merchant, J.M.

Weiler, ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE IOWA PHARMACISTS ASSOCIATION, Iowa City, IA, June, 1985.

5. "Anticoagulant Activity of Very Low Molecular Weight Heparin Oligosaccharides," Y.S. Kim, K.G. Rice, D.L. Lohse, K.B.

Lee, Z.M. Merchant, R.J. Linhardt, TWENTY-FOURTH ANNUAL MIKIW MIDWESTERN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY MEETING, Chicago, IL, April, 1986.

6. "SAR of High Molecular Weight Heparin Oligosaccharides," K.G. Rice, Y.S. Kim, R.J. Linhardt, TWENTY-FIFTH

ANNUAL MIKIW MIDWESTERN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY MEETING, Lawrence, KS, April, 1987. 7. "Polysaccharide Lyases," D.L. Lohse, K.N. Gu, H.M. Wang, D. Loganathan, R.J. Linhardt, TWENTY-SIXTH ANNUAL

MIKIW MIDWESTERN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY MEETING, Iowa City, IA, April, 1988. 8. "Drug and Vaccine Development: Rationale, Pitfalls and Future Prospects," R.J. Linhardt, CONFERENCE ON AIDS: Its

Past, Present and Future, Midwest AIDS Training and Education Center, Iowa City, IA, September, 1988. 9. "Oligosaccharide Mapping of LMW Heparins," R.J. Linhardt, SYMPOSIUM ON MOLECULAR HETEROGENEITY IN

LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT HEPARINS. IMPLICATIONS IN STANDARDIZATION AND CLINICAL USE. Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, November, 1988.

10. "Structural Studies on Heparin Oligosaccharides," D. Loganathan, H.M. Wang, L. Mallis, R.J. Linhardt, TWENTY-THIRD

MIDWEST REGIONAL AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY MEETING, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Iowa City, IA, November, 1988.

11. "Structure Elucidation of Heparin-Derived, Highly Sulfated Oligosaccharides Using Fast Atom Bombardment Mass

Spectroscopy," L.M. Mallis, H.M. Wang, R.J. Linhardt, TWENTY-THIRD MIDWEST REGIONAL AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY MEETING, Division of Physical Chemistry, Iowa City, IA, November, 1988.

12. "Biocatalytic Preparation of High-Value Carbohydrates," R.J. Linhardt, HI-TECH EXPOSITION, sponsored by Allied Group

Securities, Des Moines, IA, March, 1989. 13. "Mapping and Quantitation of the Major Oligosaccharide Components of Heparin," H.M. Wang, D.L. Lohse, D. Loganathan,

R.J. Linhardt, TWENTY-SEVENTH ANNUAL MIKI MIDWESTERN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY MEETING, Minneapolis, MN, April, 1989.

14. "Molecular Profile of Dermatan Sulfates from Different Origins," R.J. Linhardt, SYMPOSIUM ON THE DEVELOPMENT

OF NON-HEPARIN GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANS AS THERAPEUTIC AGENTS, Oak Brook, IL, May, 1989. 15. "Polysaccharide Lyases and their Utility in Preparing New Drugs," R.J. Linhardt, D.L. Lohse, IXth MIDWEST ENZYME

CHEMISTRY CONFERENCE, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, October, 1989. 16. "Quantitative Analysis of the Monomer Products Formed on the Hydrolysis of Poly(Esters) and Poly(Anhydrides)," H.T.

Wang, R.J. Linhardt, D.R. Flanagan, E. Schmitt, MIDWEST REGIONAL AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY MEETING, St. Louis, MO, November, 1989.

17. "Search for the Heparin Antithrombin III Binding Site Precursor," H.M. Wang, D. Loganathan, J.H. Bae, R.J. Linhardt,

TWENTY-NINTH ANNUAL MIKI MIDWESTERN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY MEETING, Lawrence, KS, April, 1991. 18. "Physical and Chemical Characterization of Heparin and Low Molecular Weight (LMW) Heparin," H.M. Wang, R.E. Edens,

A. Al-Hakim, J. Fareed, R.J. Linhardt, TWENTY-NINTH ANNUAL MIKI MIDWESTERN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY MEETING, Lawrence, KS, April, 1991.

19. "Heparin and Derivatized Heparin Inhibit Complement Activation In Vivo," R.E. Edens, R.J. Linhardt, D.P. Kapelanski, J.M.

Weiler, TWENTY-NINTH ANNUAL MIKI MIDWESTERN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY MEETING, Lawrence, KS, April, 1991.

20. "Carbohydrate Sequencing of Glycoproteins," R.J. Linhardt, MIDWESTERN BIOTECHNOLOGY SYMPOSIUM '91,

University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, May 1991. 21. "Search for the Heparin Antithrombin III Binding-Site Precursor", H.M. Wang, D. Loganathan, J.H. Bae, R.J. Linhardt,

FIRST ANNUAL BIOCATALYSIS AND BIOPROCESSING CONFERENCE, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, June, 1991.

22. "Biopolymer Structure and Activity," R.J. Linhardt, FIRST ANNUAL BIOCATALYSIS AND BIOPROCESSING

CONFERENCE, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, June, 1991. 23. "Strategy for Sequencing Heparin," J. Liu, R.J. Linhardt, THIRTIETH ANNUAL MIKI MIDWESTERN MEDICINAL

CHEMISTRY MEETING, Iowa City, IA, April, 1992. 24. "Purification of the Chondroitin Lyases from Flavobacterium Heparinum," K. Gu, R.J. Linhardt, THIRTIETH ANNUAL

MIKI MIDWESTERN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY MEETING, Iowa City, IA, April, 1992. 25. "Negative Ion FAB Tandem MS to Determine Sulfate and Linkage Position in Glycosaminoglycan-Derived Disaccharides,"

H.M. Wang, L.M. Mallis, D.J. Lamb, R.J. Linhardt, MIDWEST BIOTECHNOLOGY SYMPOSIUM, Iowa City, IA, June 1992.

26. "Purification of the Chondroitin Lyases from Flavobacterium Heparinum," K. Gu, R.J. Linhardt, MIDWEST

BIOTECHNOLOGY SYMPOSIUM, Iowa City, IA, June, 1992. 27. "Lectin Affinity Electrophoresis in the Sequencing of Neutral Oligosaccharides," X.J. Han, K. B. Lee, Y.S. Kim, R.J.

Linhardt, SECOND ANNUAL BIOCATALYSIS AND BIOPROCESSING CONFERENCE, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, October, 1992.

28. "Comparison of Activities of Chondroitin Lyase AC I and Chondroitin Lyase AC II on Dermatan Sulfate," K. Gu, J. Liu, A.

Pervin, R.J. Linhardt, SECOND ANNUAL BIOCATALYSIS AND BIOPROCESSING CONFERENCE, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, October, 1992.

29. "Chemoenzymatic Synthesis and Materials Properties of Sugar Containing Polyacrylates," B.D. Martin, S. Ampofo, R.J.

Linhardt, J.S. Dordick, SECOND ANNUAL BIOCATALYSIS AND BIOPROCESSING CONFERENCE, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, October, 1992.

30. "Developing a Method for Sequencing Neutral Oligosaccharides," X.J. Han, A. Pervin, U.R. Desai, R.J. Linhardt, THIRTY-

FIRST ANNUAL MIKI MIDWESTERN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY MEETING, Minneapolis, MN, April, 1993. 31. "Polysaccharide-Protein Interaction: Study of Heparin Binding to Antithrombin III Using a Synthetic Peptide Model," J.H.

Bae, U.R. Desai, A. Pervin, E. Caldwell, J.M. Weiler, R.J. Linhardt, THIRTY-FIRST ANNUAL MIKI MIDWESTERN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY MEETING, Minneapolis, MN, April, 1993.

32. "Approach for Sequencing the Glycosaminoglycan Chains of Proteoglycans," J. Liu, U.R. Desai, R.J. Linhardt, THIRTY-

FIRST ANNUAL MIKI MIDWESTERN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY MEETING, Minneapolis, MN, April, 1993. 33. "Purification of Chondroitin Sulfate Lyases," K. Gu, R.J. Linhardt, THIRTY-FIRST ANNUAL MIKI MIDWESTERN

MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY MEETING, Minneapolis, MN, April, 1993.

34. "Interaction of Acidic Fibroblast Growth Factor (aFGF) with Polyanions and Heparin," J.R. Fromm, R.J. Linhardt, D.

Loganathan, H. Mach, D.B. Volkin, C.J. Burke, C.R. Middaugh, P.K. Tsai, J. M. Dabora, J.O. Gress, L. Mattsson, THIRTY-SECOND ANNUAL MIKI MIDWESTERN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY MEETING, Chicago, IL, May, 1994.

35. "Directional Immobilization of Heparin Onto Polymer Matrices," V. Nadkarni, A. Pervin, R.J. Linhardt, THIRTY-SECOND

ANNUAL MIKI MIDWESTERN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY MEETING, Chicago, IL, May, 1994. 36. "Chemo-Enzymatic Synthesis of Heparin and Oligosaccharides from Chiral Synthons, "R. Kerns, K. Jandik, R.J. Linhardt,

THIRTY-SECOND ANNUAL MIKI MIDWESTERN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY MEETING, Chicago, IL, May, 1994. 37. "Accelerated Solvolysis of Poly (ε-Caprolactone) by the Addition of Basic and Acidic Compounds, "W.-J. Lin, D.R.

Flanagan, R.J. Linhardt, THIRTY-SECOND ANNUAL MIKI MIDWESTERN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY MEETING, Chicago, IL, May, 1994.

38. "Separation and Sequence Analysis of Glycoprotein Derived Oligosaccharides," X. J. Han, A. Pervin, U.R. Desai, R.J.

Linhardt, THIRD ANNUAL BIOCATALYSIS AND BIOPROCESSING CONFERENCE, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, May, 1994.

39. "Chemo-Enzymatic Synthesis of Heparin and Oligosaccharides from Chiral Synthons," R. Kerns, K. Jandik, R.J. Linhardt,

THIRD ANNUAL BIOCATALYSIS AND BIOPROCESSING CONFERENCE, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, May, 1994.

40. "Directional Immobilization of Heparin Onto Polymer Matrices," V. Nadkarni, A. Pervin, R.J. Linhardt, THIRD ANNUAL

BIOCATALYSIS AND BIOPROCESSING CONFERENCE, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, May, 1994. 41. "Interaction of Acidic Fibroblast Growth Factor (aFGF) with Polyanions and Heparin," J.R. Fromm, R.J. Linhardt, D.

Loganathan, H. Mach, D.B. Volkin, C.J. Burke, C.R. Middaugh, P.K. Tsai, J. M. Dabora, J.O. Gress, L. Mattsson, THIRD ANNUAL BIOCATALYSIS AND BIOPROCESSING CONFERENCE, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, May, 1994.

42. "Differential Importance of Arginine and Lysine in the Interaction with Heparin," J.R. Fromm, R.J. Linhardt, V. D. Nadkarni,

E.E.O. Caldwell, J.M. Weiler FOURTH ANNUAL BIOCATALYSIS AND BIOPROCESSING CONFERENCE, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, May, 1995.

43. "Capillary Electrophoresis for Monitoring Synthetic and Enzymatic Manipulations of Sulfated Carbohydrates," R. Kerns, I.

R. Vlahov, and R.J. Linhardt, FOURTH ANNUAL BIOCATALYSIS AND BIOPROCESSING CONFERENCE, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, May, 1995.

44. "Differential Importance of Arginine and Lysine in the Interaction with Heparin," J.R. Fromm, R.J. Linhardt, V. D. Nadkarni,

E.E.O. Caldwell, J.M. Weiler THIRTY-THIRD ANNUAL MIKI MIDWESTERN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY MEETING, Lawrence, KS, May, 1995.

45. "Regiospecific Derivatization of Heparin and Related Polysaccharides," V.D. Nadkarni, R.J. Linhardt, THIRTY-THIRD

ANNUAL MIKI MIDWESTERN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY MEETING, Lawrence, KS, May, 1995. 46. "Synthesis of Uronic Acid Glycosyl Acceptors from α-L-Threo-Hex-4-Enopyranoside Uronic Acids: A Model for the

Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Glycosaminoglycan Oligosaccharides," R.J. Kerns and R.J. Linhardt, THIRTY-FOURTH ANNUAL MIKI MIDWESTERN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY MEETING, Iowa City, IA, March, 1996.

47. "Differential Importance of Lysine and Arginine in the Interaction with Heparin," J.R. Fromm, R.E. Hileman, R.J. Linhardt,

V.D. Nadkarni, E.E.O. Caldwell, J.M. Weiler THIRTY-FOURTH ANNUAL MIKI MIDWESTERN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY MEETING, Iowa City, IA, March, 1996.

48. "A New Glycosaminoglycan from the Giant African Snail Achatina fulica," Y. Park, Y.S. Kim, Y.T. Jo, I.M. Chang, T.E.

Toida, R.J. Linhardt, THIRTY-FOURTH ANNUAL MIKI MIDWESTERN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY MEETING, Iowa City, IA, March, 1996.

49. "Differential Importance of Lysine and Arginine in the Interaction with Heparin," J.R. Fromm, R.J. Linhardt, V.D. Nadkarni,

E.E.O. Caldwell, J.M. Weiler FIFTH ANNUAL BIOCATALYSIS AND BIOPROCESSING CONFERENCE, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, May, 1996.

50. "A Method for the Conversion of Enzymatically Prepared Glycosaminoglycan Oligosaccharides to their Non-reducing

Terminal C-4 Glycosyl Acceptors," R.J. Kerns, R.J. Linhardt, FIFTH ANNUAL BIOCATALYSIS AND BIOPROCESSING CONFERENCE, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, May, 1996.

51. "Differential Importance of Lysine and Arginine Residues of Proteins in the Interaction with Heparin," R.E. Hileman, I.

Capila, J.R. Fromm, R.J. Linhardt, E.E.O. Caldwell, J. M. Weiler CELL-EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX INTERACTIONS IN DEVELOPMENT AND DISEASE - HHMI FALL SYMPOSIUM, Iowa City, IA, November, 1996.

52. "Exploration of the Action Pattern of Streptomyces Hyaluronate Lyase Using High Resolution Capillary Electrophoresis," Y.

Park, S. Cho, R.J. Linhardt, THIRTY-FIFTH ANNUAL MIKI MIDWESTERN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY MEETING, Minneapolis, MN, April, 1997.

53. "Regioselective Synthesis of Sucrose Fatty Acid Ester Surfactants," T. Polat, H.G. Bazin, I.R. Vlahov, P.I. Vlahova, R.J.

Linhardt, THIRTY-FIFTH ANNUAL MIKI MIDWESTERN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY MEETING, Minneapolis, MN, April, 1997.

54. "Regioselective Synthesis of Sucrose Fatty Acid Ester Surfactants," T. Polat, H.G. Bazin, R.J. Linhardt, THIRTY-SIXTH

ANNUAL MIKI MIDWESTERN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY MEETING, Chicago, IL, May, 1998. 55. "Synthesis of “C”-Glycosides of Ulosonic Acids," T. Polat, Y. Du, H. Tomiyama, R.J. Linhardt, THIRTY-SIXTH ANNUAL

MIKI MIDWESTERN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY MEETING, Chicago, IL, May, 1998. 56. "Affinity-Based Extraction of Glycoprotein Glycoforms," B. Kuberan, J. Choe, J. S. Dordick, R.J. Linhardt, THIRTY-SIXTH

ANNUAL MIKI MIDWESTERN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY MEETING, Chicago, IL, May, 1998. 57. "Purification and Characterization of Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycan-Glypican From Bovine Brain," Y. Park, G. Yu, R.J.

Linhardt, THIRTY-SIXTH ANNUAL MIKI MIDWESTERN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY MEETING, Chicago, IL, May, 1998.

58. "Preparation and Characterization of N-Linked Glycans With the Baculovirus Expression Vector System," M. W. Wolff, R.J.

Linhardt, D. W. Murhammer, THIRTY-SIXTH ANNUAL MIKI MIDWESTERN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY MEETING, Chicago, IL, May, 1998.

59. "Glycosaminoglycan-Protein Interactions: Structure Motifs Within Proteins and Specificity of Binding," M. Fath, I. Capila,

N. S. Gunay, R.J. Linhardt, THIRTY-SIXTH ANNUAL MIKI MIDWESTERN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY MEETING, Chicago, IL, May, 1998.

59. "Overview of Analytical Methods Used in Analysis of Glycoconjugates," R.J. Linhardt, AAPS 1998 EASTERN REGIONAL

MEETING, Parsippany, NJ, June, 1998. 60. "Synthesis of “C”-Glycosides of Ulosonic Acids," R.J. Linhardt, T. Polat, Y. Du, H. Tomiyama, MONTANA

CARBOHYDRATE CONFERENCE, MISSOULA, MT, August, 1998. 61. "Production and Purification of Recombinant C1 Esterase Inhibitor," M.W. Wolff, E.E.O. Caldwell, P. Kaul, J.N. Serrahn,

D.W. Murhammer, J.M. Weiler, R.J. Linhardt, SEVENTH ANNUAL BIOCATALYSIS AND BIOPROCESSING CONFERENCE, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, May, 1998.

62. "Glycosaminoglycan-Protein Interactions: Studies on the Specificity of Binding," M. Fath, I. Capila, N. S. Gunay, R.J.

Linhardt, SEVENTH ANNUAL BIOCATALYSIS AND BIOPROCESSING CONFERENCE, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, May, 1998.

63. "Affinity-Based Extraction of Glycoprotein Glycoforms," B. Kuberan, J. Choe, J.S. Dordick, R.J. Linhardt, SEVENTH

ANNUAL BIOCATALYSIS AND BIOPROCESSING CONFERENCE, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, May, 1998. 64. "Enzymatic Synthesis of Nucleotide-Containing Polymers," Q. Wang, R.J. Linhardt, J.S. Dordick, SEVENTH ANNUAL

BIOCATALYSIS AND BIOPROCESSING CONFERENCE, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, May, 1998. 80. "Purification and Characterization of Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycan-Glypican from Bovine Brain," Y. Park, G. Yu, R.J.

Linhardt, SEVENTH ANNUAL BIOCATALYSIS AND BIOPROCESSING CONFERENCE, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, May, 1998.

81. "Synthesis of Ulosonic Acid “C”-Glycosides of Biological Interest," T. Polat, H.G. Bazin, Y. Du, H. Tomiyama, R.J.

Linhardt, INTERNATIONAL WOMENS HEALTH: CROSSING BOARDERS INTO THE 21ST CENTURY, Iowa City, IA, March, 1999.

82. "Interaction of Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor with Heparin Inhibits Protease Involved in Asthma," M.A. Fath, X.

Wu, R.E. Hileman, R.J. Linhardt, M.A. Kashem, R.M. Nelson, C. Wright, W.M. Abraham, INTERNATIONAL WOMENS

HEALTH: CROSSING BOARDERS INTO THE 21ST CENTURY, Iowa City, IA, March, 1999. 83. "Synthesis of “C”-Glycosides of Ulosonic Acids," T. Polat, Y. Du, H. Bazin, H. Tomiyama, R.J. Linhardt, THIRTY-

SEVENTH ANNUAL MIKI MIDWESTERN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY MEETING, Lawrence, KS, May, 1999. 84. "Interaction of Heparin with Annexin V," I. Capila, V. VanderNoot, T.R. Mealy, B.A. Seaton, R.J. Linhardt, THIRTY-

SEVENTH ANNUAL MIKI MIDWESTERN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY MEETING, Lawrence, KS, May, 1999. 85. "Interaction of Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor with Heparin Inhibits Proteases Involved in Asthma," M. Fath, X. Wu,

R.E. Hileman, R.J. Linhardt, M.A. Kashem, R.M. Nelson, C. Wright, W.M. Abraham, THIRTY-SEVENTH ANNUAL MIKI MIDWESTERN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY MEETING, Lawrence, KS, May, 1999.

86. "Interaction of Soluble and Surface-Bound Heparin Binding Growth-Associated Molecule With Heparin," M. Fath, V.

VanderNoot, I. Kilpelainen, H. Rauvala, R.J. Linhardt, EIGHTH ANNUAL BIOCATALYSIS AND BIOPROCESSING CONFERENCE, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, October, 1999.

87. "Interaction of Heparin with Annexin V," I. Capila, V.A. VanderNoot, T.R. Mealy, B.A. Seaton, R.J. Linhardt, EIGHTH

ANNUAL BIOCATALYSIS AND BIOPROCESSING CONFERENCE, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, October, 1999. 88. "SmI2 Mediated C-Glycoside Synthesis of the tumor Associated sTn Antigen as a Cancer Vaccine," B. Kuberan, R.J.

Linhardt, THIRTY-EIGTH ANNUAL MIKI MIDWESTERN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY MEETING, Iowa City, IA, April, 2000.

89. "Characterization of Heparin Binding to Apolipoprotein E," M.J. Hernáiz, L.A. LeBrun, I. Capila, K. Weisgraber, R.J.

Linhardt, THIRTY-EIGTH ANNUAL MIKI MIDWESTERN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY MEETING, Iowa City, IA, April, 2000.

90. "Glycosaminoglycan-Protein Interactions: Structure Motifs and Specificity of Binding," M. Fath, I. Capila, R.J. Linhardt,

THIRTY-EIGTH ANNUAL MIKI MIDWESTERN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY MEETING, Iowa City, IA, April, 2000. 91. "Synthesis of Neuraminidase Inhibitors," Q. Wang, J.S. Dordick, R.J. Linhardt, NINTH ANNUAL BIOCATALYSIS AND

BIOPROCESSING CONFERENCE, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, October, 2000. 92. "Interaction of Heparin with Lipid-Binding Proteins," I. Capila, B.A. Seaton, K.H. Weisgraber, R.J. Linhardt, NINTH

ANNUAL BIOCATALYSIS AND BIOPROCESSING CONFERENCE, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, October, 2000. 93. "Heparin Structure and Biological Activities," M. Fath, R.J. Linhardt, NINTH ANNUAL BIOCATALYSIS AND

BIOPROCESSING CONFERENCE, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, October, 2000. 94. "Synthesis of Neuraminidase Inhibitors," Qun Wang, R.J. Linhardt, THIRTY-NINTH ANNUAL MIKI MIDWESTERN

MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY MEETING, Minneapolis, MN, April, 2001. 95. "Synthesis of Neuraminic Acid C-Glycosides," Qun Wang, T. Polat, S. Sikkander, D. Ress, Y. Chen, R.J. Linhardt, NINTH

ANNUAL BIOCATALYSIS AND BIOPROCESSING CONFERENCE, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, October, 2001. 96. "Structure, Sequencing and Synthesis of Sulfated Polysaccharides, " T. Islam, S. Gunay, C. Thanawiroon, W-J. Mao, A.

Ioanoviciu, Y. Wu, R.J. Linhardt, NINTH ANNUAL BIOCATALYSIS AND BIOPROCESSING CONFERENCE, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, October, 2001.

97. "Structural Studies on Heparan Sulfate," N. S. Gunay, M. J. Hernaiz, G. Yu, R. J. Linhardt, FORTIETH ANNUAL MIKI

MIDWESTERN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY MEETING, Chicago, IL, April, 2002. 98. "Synthesis of C-Glycoside Analogs and Heparin & Heparinoid Oligosaccharides," A. Sikkandar, B. Kuberan; T. Polat, Q.

Wang, N. Karst, T. Islam, Y. Chen, D. Ress, M. Butler, and R.J. Linhardt, FORTIETH ANNUAL MIKI MIDWESTERN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY MEETING, Chicago, IL, April, 2002.

99. "Engineering” Therapeutic Proteins," S.C. L. Hrstka, P. Yoder, F. Zhang and R. J. Linhardt, FORTIETH ANNUAL MIKI

MIDWESTERN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY MEETING, Chicago, IL, April, 2002. 100. "Do Quantitative and Qualitative Differences in Organ Tissue Distribution of Heparan Sulfate in Mice Solve Some Mysteries

of Protein Expression?," M. Warda, W. Mao, R.J. Linhardt, FORTIETH ANNUAL MIKI MIDWESTERN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY MEETING, Chicago, IL, April, 2002.

101. "Separation and Analysis of Heparin-Derived Oligosaccharides," C. Thanawiroon, R.J. Linhardt, FORTIETH ANNUAL

MIKI MIDWESTERN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY MEETING, Chicago, IL, April, 2002. 102. "Synthesis and Interaction Studies on Therapeutically Active Glycosaminoglycan Oligosaccharides," F.Y. Avci, T.F. Islam,

N. Karst, S. Murugesan, J. Zhang, R.J. Linhardt, FORTY-FIRST ANNUAL MIKI MIDWESTERN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY MEETING, Lawrence, KS, March, 2003.

103. "Synthesis Of C-Glycoside Analogs," C.C. Chen, S.A. Sikkandar, D. Ress, S. Nacak Baytas, X. Yuan, R.J. Linhardt,

FORTY-FIRST ANNUAL MIKI MIDWESTERN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY MEETING, Lawrence, KS, March, 2003. 104. "Structure Analysis Of Sulfated Acidic Oligosaccharides," Lianli Chi, Charuwan Thanawiroon, Nur Sibel Gunay, Jin Xie,

Stephen Goldman, R.J. Linhardt, FORTY-FIRST ANNUAL MIKI MIDWESTERN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY MEETING, Lawrence, KS, March, 2003.

105. "Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Novel Heparin-Based Therapeutic Agents," R.J. Linhardt, 12th ANNUAL BIOCATALYSIS

AND BIOPROCESSING CONFERENCE, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, October, 2003. 106. "Interaction Studies Between Sulfated Polysaccharides and Proteins Using Surface Plasmon Resonance," Haining Yu, R. Erik

Edens, R.J. Linhardt, FORTY-SECOND ANNUAL MIKI MIDWESTERN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY MEETING, Lawrence, KS, April, 2004.

107. "Trifluoroethylsulfonate Protected Monosaccharides in Chemical and Enzymatic Glycosylation Reactions," Fikri Y. Avci,

Paul DeAngelis, Robert J. Linhardt, RENSSELAER BIOTECHNOLOGY COLLOQUIM, Troy, NY, September, 2004. 108. Synthesis of Catabolically Stable Ulosonic Acids C-Glycosides of Biological Interest," Sultan N. Baytas, Dino Ress, Xuejun

Yuan, Chi-Chang Chen, Robert J. Linhardt, RENSSELAER BIOTECHNOLOGY COLLOQUIM, Troy, NY, September, 2004.

109. "Structural Analysis of Glycosaminoglycans," Lianli Chi, Jin Xie, Craig A. Jewett, Robert J. Linhardt, RENSSELAER

BIOTECHNOLOGY COLLOQUIM, Troy, NY, September, 2004. 110. "SPR Affords a Kinetic Model for FGF, FGFR and Proteoglycan Signal Transduction Complex Assembly," Fuming Zhang,

Omar A. Ibrahimi, Sybil C. Lang Hrstka, Moosa Mohammadi, Robert J. Linhardt, RENSSELAER BIOTECHNOLOGY COLLOQUIM, Troy, NY, September, 2004.

111. "SPR Interaction Study of the Biosynthetic Enzyme 3-OST-1 with Heparan Sulfate," Eva M. Munoz, J. Liu, L. C. Pedersen,

Robert J. Linhardt, RENSSELAER BIOTECHNOLOGY COLLOQUIM, Troy, NY, September, 2004. 112. "Glycosaminoglycans in Room Temperature Ionic Liquids (RTILs) for Chemoenzymatic Synthesis," Saravanababu

Murugesan, TaeJoon Park, Bilge Eker, Jonathan S. Dordick, Robert J. Linhardt, RENSSELAER BIOTECHNOLOGY COLLOQUIM, Troy, NY, September, 2004.

113. "Glycomics of Glycosaminoglycans," Robert J. Linhardt, RENSSELAER GLYCOMICS SYMPOSIUM, Troy, NY, July,

2006. 114. "NanoBiotechnology: Emerging Issues" Robert J. Linhardt, NBSA Third Annual Northeast Biosafety Symposium, Troy, NY,

April, 2007. 115. "Biotechnology and Automation" Robert J. Linhardt, Upstate New York Laboratory and Robotics Interest Group, Albany,

NY, June, 2007. 116. "Synthesis and Evaluation of C-Glycosides of Sialic Acid", Fei Huang, Jin Huan Kim, Chi-Chen Chang, Robert J. Linhardt,

2007 AMRI Chemical Development Symposium, Albany, NY, August, 2007. 117. "Heparan Sulfate in Angiogenesis and Growth Factor Signaling," Robert J. Linhardt, Capital Region Cancer Research Group,

Troy, NY, November, 2007. 118. "Nanocomposites for Biomedical and Energy Storage Applications," Robert J. Linhardt, Capital District Microscopy and

Microanalysis Society, Troy NY, November 2007. 119. "Chondroitinase in the Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury," R.J. Linhardt, Y. Park, M.M. Kemp, D. R. Howland, M Cygler,

New York State Spinal Cord Injury Research Program Symposium, From the Bench to the Bedside: The Latest Discoveries in SCI Research, New York Academy of Sciences Conference Center, New York City, January, 2008

120. "Fronties in Glycobiology," Robert J. Linhardt, Rensselaer Biology Program Symposium: At the Interface, Troy, NY, May,

2008. 121. "Nanotechnology and Glycosaminoglycans," Robert J. Linhardt, RENSSELAER GLYCOMICS SYMPOSIUM, Troy, NY,

July, 2008. 122. "Business Pressures on Life-Saving Drugs: A Model for Commercializing Synthetic Heparin," Robert J. Linhardt, EIGHTH

BIOTECHNOLOGY, MANAGEMENT & ENTREPRENEURSHIP SEMINAR SERIES RENSSELAER LALLY SCHOOL SEVERINO CENTER, Troy, NY, October, 2008.

123. "New Flexible Energy Storage Devices," R. J. Linhardt, NEW YORK STATE FUTURE ENERGY SYMPOSIUM, Cornell

University, Ithaca, NY, May, 2009. 124. "Stereoselective Synthesis of C-linked Neuraminic Acid Oligosaccharides," J.-H. Kim, T. Poore, S. Masuko, S. Bera, R. J.

Linhardt, Albany Molecular Research International, Chemical Development Symposium, August, 2009. 125. "Synthesis of 13C labeled UDP-nucleotides for protein-carbohydrate binding studies using 13C NMR and unnatural

hexosamine-NAc analogs for the metabolic labeling of glycosaminoglycans," S. Bera, S. Masuko, J.-H. Kim, T. Poore, R. J. Linhardt, Albany Molecular Research International, Chemical Development Symposium, August, 2009.

126. "Toward an Artificial Golgi – Redesigning the Biological Activities of Heparan Sulfate on a Digital Microfluidic Chip," R.J.

Linhardt, Nanobiotech2009, Rensellaer, Troy, NY, October 2009. 127. "Nanobiotechnology and Glycosciences," R. J. Linhardt, Albany Nanotechnology Center, SUNY, Albany, NY, October,

2009. 128. "Proteoglycomics of Human Embryonic Stem Cells," R. J. Linhardt, Annual NYSTEM Meeting, New York, NY, May 2010. 129. "Glycobiology and Glycoengineering Research on Heparin," F. Zhang and R. J. Linhardt, 7th Annual Midwest Carbohydrate

and Glycobiology Symposium, Michigan State University, September, 2011. CURRENT RESEARCH SUPPORT 1. Stable Carbohydrate Libraries in Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health; NIH, R.J. Linhardt (PI) R01-AI065786-

01), $200,000/yr direct, $1,580,272 total costs, 1/1/07- 12/31/11. 2. Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Glycosaminoglycan Oligosaccharides, National Institutes of Health; (R01HL62244) PI (5%)

$284,000, Annual Direct Costs, 175,000/yr to R.J. Linhardt, 12/05-11/09 (no cost extension). 3. Sequencing the Polysaccharide Component of Proteoglycans, National Institutes of Health; NIH, R.J. Linhardt (PI), J.

Amster, University of Georgia (CoI), (R01GM38060-17), $200,000/yr direct, $125,000/yr direct to R.J. Linhardt, 7/1/09- 6/30/14.

4. Conformational Quality in the Human Chemokine Ltn/XCL1, National Institutes of Health; (R01AI63325), (B.F. Volkman,

U W Medical School, PI) R.J. Linhardt CoI (1%), $200,000/yr Annual Direct Costs, $23,983/yr to R.J. Linhardt, 5/05- 4/10 (no cost extension).

5. CRI:IAD: 0709099 (IIS0713517) A Digital Microfluidic Testbed for Combinatorial Synthesis and Screening NSF, R.J.

Linhardt (PI), S. Akella (CoI), J.S. Dordick (CoI), 6/07-7/10, $200,000, direct costs. 6. In vitro synthesis of recombinant heparan sulfate (HL094463), NIH, J. Liu, University of North Carolina (PI), R.J. Linhardt

(CoI) $250,000/yr direct, $75,000/yr direct to R.J. Linhardt, 7/1/09-6/30/13, $1,598,542, total costs. 7. Metabolic Engineering of Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells for Production of Heparin, NIH/NSF—Metabolic Engineering

(GM090127), Susan Sharfstein (PI), R.J. Linhardt (CoI), $290,000/yr direct, $125,000/yr direct to R.J. Linhardt, 5/09-4/12. 8. Glycomics of Stem Cells (N08G-264), NY State Stem Cell Foundation, R.J. Linhardt (PI), $360,000/yr direct, $200,000/yr

direct to R.J.Linhardt, 6/09-5/12. 9. Development of a Bioengineered Heparin from a Non-Animal Source (HL096972), National Institutes of Health

Bioengineering Research Project, R.J. Linhardt (PI), $500,000/yr direct, $200,000/yr direct to R.J. Linhardt, 7/1/09- 6/30/14. 10. An Artificial Golgi: Controlled GAG Synthesis and Screening (GM090257), $300,000/yr direct, $150,000/yr direct to R.J.

Linhardt, 9/30/09-8/31/11. 11. Characterization of Anticoagulant Heparin and Related Polysaccharides (1 RC2 HL101721), R. Sasisekharan (PI), R.J.

Linhardt (CoI), $211,000/yr direct, $450,000/yr direct to R.J. Linhardt, 10/09-9/11. PENDING RESEARCH SUPPORT

1. Synthetic Heparan Sulfate: Probing Biosythesis to Prepare Defined Drugs (2R01HL062244-09) R. J. Linhardt (PI) P. L. Deangelis and J. Liu (Co-PIs), $250,000/yr direct, $1000,000/yr direct to R.J. Linhardt, 04/11-03/16.

2. Proteoglycans in thrombosis, pulmonary and vascular biology (1P01HL107148-01), R. J. Linhardt (PI), $1,000,000/yr direct, $300,000/yr direct to R.J. Linhardt, 04/2011-03/2018.

3. Novel technologies for analysis and control of glycan distribution for biologics (1U01NS073466-01) S.T, Sharfstein (PI), R. J. Linhardt, S.A. Mousa, F. Zhang (Co-PIs) $500,000/yr direct, $150,000/yr direct to R.J. Linhardt, 04/2011-03/2014.

4. Metabolic Labeling of Glycans in Zebrafish Embryogenesis and during Wound Healing (1R01GM098149-01) P. Schonleber (PI), R. J. Linhardt, P. Page-McCaw, F. Zhang (Co-PIs) 04/11-03/16. PAST RESEARCH SUPPORT

National Institutes of Health "Mechanism of Polyphenolic Inhibitors of NADPH Oxidase," J. Dordick of RPI (PI), R.J. Linhardt (CoI) (R21AJ002115-01), $384,856, total costs, 7/1/05-6/30/07. "Heparin Protein-Peptide Interactions," (HL52622) 6/95-6/04, Total Direct Costs: $1,653,000. "Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Glycosaminoglycan Oligosaccharides," (R01HL62244) 12/00-11/05 Principal Investigator, Total Direct Costs: $875,000. "Dengue Virus Interaction with Target Cell Receptors," (AI42998), Co-Investigator, 4/99-3/2000, Total Direct Costs: $102,000. "Sequencing the Polysaccharide Components of Proteoglycans," (GM38060), Principal Investigator, 2/88-6/04, Total Direct Costs: $1,762,000. "Affinity-Based Extraction System for Bioseparations," (GM49056), Co-Investigator, 8/95-7/98, Total Direct Costs: $95,000. "Late Phase I and Phase II Studies of Heparinoids in the Treatment of Acute Cerebral Infarction," (NINCDS-85-14), Co-Investigator, 1/86-12/87, Total Direct Costs: $200,000. "Protamine Sensitivity and Heparin Fragment Biology," (AI22350), Co-Investigator, 10/85-8/93, Total Direct Costs: $696,000. "Heparin Structure in Preparing New Anticoagulants," (HL29797), Principal Investigator, 6/83-6/89, Total Direct Costs: $357,000. "Glycosaminoglycan Protein-Interaction, " NIH, R.J. Linhardt (PI), (HL52622) $300,000/yr direct, Linhardt, 9 yr, $4,000,000, total costs. "Heparin Glycan Microarray for Screening, " NIH STTR R41RR023764, R.J. Linhardt (PI), ($75,000/yr direct to R.J. Linhardt $200,000/yr total costs, 6/1/07-5/31/09. "2010 Proteoglycans Gordon Conference, " NIH, 1R13AR059409-01, R.J. Linhardt (PI), $33,000 direct to R. J. Linhardt, 04/01/2010- 03/31/2011. National Science Foundation "Metabolic Engineering of Protein Processing in the Baculovirus-Insect Cell System" (BES-9725095), Co-Investigator, 4/97-3/99, Total Direct Costs: $86,000. "III-CXT: 0713517 Enabling Automated Digital Microfluidic Biochips for Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Screening," NSF, J.S. Dordick (PI), R.J. Linhardt (CoI), S. Akella (CoI), 6/07-7/09, $200,000, direct costs. United States Department of The Interior "Development of One-Inoculation Vaccine for Contraception of Captive and Exotic Free-Roaming Wildlife Populations," Principal Investigator, 10/91-10/92, Total Direct Costs: $25,000. State of Iowa Matching Funds for (Biogen grant); from State of Iowa Grant to the Center for Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing Annual Direct Costs; $15,000; June, 1997-June, 1998. State of New York "Chondroitinase ABC in Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury," New York State Spinal Cord Injury Program, R.J. Linhardt (PI), M. Cygler, University of Montreal (CoI), Deena Howland, University of Florida (CoI) $150,000/yr direct, $60,000/yr direct to R.J. Linhardt, 4/1/07 – 3/31/09. American Association of College of Pharmacy

"Optimization of Faculty Microcomputer Productivity Using Efficient Communications Networking," Principal Investigator, 6/85-5/86, Total Direct Costs: $20,000. American Heart Association-Iowa Affiliate "Heparin and Heparin Fragments as Anti-Atherosclerotics," (84-G-24 and IAG-18), Principal Investigator 6/84-5/86 and 6/86-5/89, Total Direct Costs: $44,000. Mizutani Foundation for Glycoscience "Chemo-Enzymatic Synthesis of Heparin and Oligosaccharides From Chiral Synthons" Principal Investigator 10/93-3/95, Total Direct Costs: $93,000. The Sugar Association "Synthesis of Sucrose-Based Surfactants" Principal Investigator 8/95-9/98, Total Direct Costs: $150,000. Industrial Support "Methods of Assaying Glycosaminoglycan Content of Bovine Tracheal Cartilage," Lescardin, Inc. 6/83-5/84, Total Direct Cost:

$10,000. "Microbial Production of Unusual Sugars," Firminich, S.A., 6/84-5/86, Total Direct Costs: $160,000. "Studies on the Stability of L-Deprenyl and the Development of New Stable Salts," S.C. Johnson & Son, Inc., 5/85-8/85, Total

Direct Costs: $5,000. "Determination of the Structure and Absolute Stereochemistry of Therafectin," Greenwich Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 1/87-12/87, Total

Direct Costs: $35,000. "Use of Molecular Heparins to Enhance the Effectiveness of Urinary Plasminogen Activator," Abbott Laboratories, Inc., 1/88-12/89,

Total Direct Costs: $27,600. "Novel Methods for the Controlled Delivery of Glycoprotein Subunit Vaccines in Animals," Solvay Animal Health, 1/89-12/90,

Total Direct Costs: $200,000. "Analysis of Keratan Sulfate Glycosaminoglycan in Human Biological Samples;" Merck Sharp & Dohme Research Laboratories,

Industrial Grant; 1/89-12/91, Total Direct Costs: $70,000. "Determination of Heparin in Plasma, Urine and Endothelium;" Italfarmaco S.p.A., Industrial Grant; 11/90-10/92: Total Direct

Costs: $25,000. "Preparation of Heparin Derivatives;" Celsus Laboratories, Inc., Industrial Grant; 11/90-10/92; Total Direct Costs: $30,000. "Susceptibility of Endogenous Glycosaminoglycans to Polysaccharide Lyases and the Purification of Chondroitin Sulfate Lyases;"

IBEX Technologies, Inc., Industrial Grant; 7/93-6/94; Total Direct Costs: $50,000. "Analysis of Low Molecular Weight Heparin," Wyeth-Ayerst Research; 7/91-12/95; Total Direct Costs: $500,000. "Sulfated

Carbohydrates as Antiinflammatory Agents," Amgen; 6/94- 8/96; Total Direct Costs: $79,000. "Chemistry and Analysis of Blood Compatible Surfaces Containing Immobilized Heparin;" 3M; 3/95- 10/95; Total Direct Costs:

$17,500. "Physical-Chemical Characterization of a Peptide-Based Drug;" Biogen; 7/96-12/96; Total Direct Costs; $22,500. "Synthesis of Sulfated Carbohydrates," Wyeth-Ayerst Research; 7/98-6/99; Total Direct Costs: $25,000. "Preparation of Low Molecular Weight Heparin," Sigma Chemical Co., 6/99-10/99; Total Direct Costs; $10,000. "Preparation of Low Molecular Weight Heparin," Sigma Chemical Co., 6/00-10/00; Total Direct Costs; $10,000. "Preparation of Low Molecular Weight Chondroitin Sulfate," McCleod Pharmaceuticals, 6/99-10/99; Total Direct Costs; $5,000. "Preparation of Dermatan Sulfate-Derived Trisaccharide," BioMarin Pharmaceuticals, 6/99-10/99; Total Direct Costs; $10,000. "Oral Bioavailability of Chondroitin Sulfate for Use in HIV Infection T-Lymphocytes in AIDS," Emisphere Technologies; 12/98-

12/2000, Total Direct Costs $50,000. "Preparation of Labeled Heparin and Studies on the Nature of Interaction Between Heparin and an Excipient Used in Its Oral

Delivery," Emisphere Technologies; 12/98-12/2000, Total Direct Costs $126,000. "Preparation of Low Molecular Weight Heparin, " Sigma Chemical Co., 3/01-6/01; Total Direct Costs; $7,000. "Analysis of Heparin in Plasma," Emisphere Inc., 7/05-7/06, Total Direct Costs; $100,000. COMMITTEE ASSIGNMENTS Chair, RPI Search Committee, CBIS Executive Committee, 2004-present. Chair, RPI Biocatalysis and Metabolic Engineering Constellation Chair Search Committee, 2003-present. Member, RPI Dean of the School of Science Search Committee, 2008-2009. Member, RPI Constellation Chair Search Committee, 2003-2008. Member, RPI Chemistry and Chemical Biology Department Executive Committee, 2004-present. Member, RPI Chemistry and Chemical Biology Awards Committee, 2007-present.

Member, RPI Senior Constellation Chair Search Committee, 2003-present. Member, RPI Biochemistry and Biophysics Program Committee, 2005-present. Chair, RPI Search Committee, Biotechnology Center Director, 2004-2005 Chair, RPI Provost Search Committee, 2007. Chair, RPI Biochemistry Chair Search Committee, 2003-2005. Member, RPI Vice President for Research Search Committees, 2004-2005, 2008-2009. Member, RPI Chemistry and Chemical Biology Department Space Committee, 2004-2005. Member, RPI Chemistry and Chemical Biology First Year Graduate Studies Advising Committee, 2005-2007. Member, RPI Chemistry and Chemical Biology Graduate Studies Committee, 2005-2007. Member, RPI Chemistry and Chemical Biology Analytical Chemistry Search Committee, 2005-2007. Member, RPI Chemistry and Chemical Biology Department Chemistry Chair Search Committee (ex officio), 2004-2005. Member, RPI Chairman of Chemical and Biological Engineering Search Committee, 2003-2004. Member, RPI Biotechnology Steering Committee, 2003-2006. Member, RPI Chairman of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Search Committee, 2003-2004. Member, UI Center for Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing (CBB), 1983-2003. Executive Board, 1993-2002. Member, UI Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology (CBCB) 2002-2003.

Executive Committee, 2002-2003. Member, UI Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Facility Advisory Committee, 1988-1992. Member, UI Foreign Student Committee, 1988-1996. Member, UI Foreign Language Area Studies Selection Committee, 1999-2000. Member, UI Mass Spectrometry and Biochemistry Structure Core Facility Advisory Committee,

1992-2003. Member, UI Vice President for Research Advisory Committee in the Biological Sciences, 1992-1994. Member, UI Vice President for Research Biosciences Initiative Steering Committee, 1996-2003. Member, UI ad hoc Committee on Named and Endowed Chairs and Distinguished Professorships,

1998-2001.

Member and Chair, UI Department of Chemistry Library Committee, 1999-2003. Member, UI Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Search Committee, 1999-2003. Member, UI Safety Committee College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, 1982-2001 Chairman 1988-1990, 1993-2001. Chairman, UI ad hoc Committee on Computer Facilities College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, 1984-1986. Member, UI Undergraduate Career Opportunities and Placement Committee College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, 1984-1985.

Member, UI Strategic Planning and Collegiate Review Committee College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, 1984-1985, 1999. Member, UI Faculty Promotions Committee College of Pharmacy, 1986-2003.

College of Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, 1999-2003. College of Liberal Arts, Department of Chemistry, 1999-2003. Member, UI Committee to Select Collegiate Chair in Drug Delivery College of Pharmacy, 1987-1992. Member, UI Graduate Studies and Research Committee College of Pharmacy, 1989-1990. Member, UI ad hoc New Building Addition Committee College of Pharmacy, 1989-1997. Member, UI Undergraduate Career Opportunities and Placement Committee College of Pharmacy, 1990-1992. Member, UI Faculty Awards Committee College of Pharmacy, 1993-1997. Member, Honors Committee College of Pharmacy, 1997-1998. Member, UI Department of Chemistry Chair Search Committee,

College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, 2000-2001.

Member, UI Molecular Analysis Core Facility Committee, College of Medicine, 2002.

EXTERNAL COMMITTEE ASSIGNMENTS AND BOARDS Member, Scientific Advisory Board, IBEX, Inc, Montreal, 1993-1997. Member, Board of Directors, BioVector, Buffalo, 1997-1999. Member, Scientific Advisory Board, Proteotec, Seattle, 1998-2000. Member, Scientific Advisory Board, FAI Inc., Buffalo, 1999-2004. Member, Scientific Advisory Board, MinRad, Buffalo, 2004-2008. Member, Scientific Advisory Board, Solarzyme, South San Frncisco, 2006-present. Member, Scientific Advisory Board, Paper Battery Company, Troy, 2008-present. Member, AACP Volweiler Research Achievement Award Committee, 1999-2001.

Chair, 2000.

Member, ACS Claude S. Hudson Awards Committee, 2004-present, chair 2008.

Member, Boston University Medical School NIH-Supported Mass Spectrometry Resource Center, 2002-present

TEACHING University of Iowa

4:141 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LABORATORY Preparation, purification, analysis of chemical compounds, principally organic compounds. (16 lecture hours/yr.,

offered yearly) 4:171 ADVANCED ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Advanced course for undergraduate chemistry majors and graduate students on the principles of synthetic organic

chemistry. (48 lecture hours/yr., offered yearly) 4:225 GLYCOCHEMISTRY AND GLYCOBIOLOGY co-listed with 46:230 Graduate course on the chemical and biological properties of complex carbohydrates and glycoconjugate and their

roles in living systems and as therapeutics. (32 lecture hours/yr., offered every other year) 4:225 REACTION MECHANISM OF BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES co-listed with 46:223 Graduate course on a mechanistic approach studying enzyme-catalyzed biological processes. Emphasis on drawing

detailed mechanisms of a variety of biochemical reactions and how this approach helps in designing and understanding drugs (48 lecture hours/yr., offered every other year).

4:290 RESEARCH CHEMISTRY Graduate course involving thesis work for an advanced degree (hours arranged, offered every semester). 4:291 RESEARCH CHEMISTRY Graduate course involving presentation and discussion of thesis work for an advanced degree (hours arranged,

offered every semester). 46:128-132 MEDICINAL AND NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY A three-semester course for professional students; lectures and laboratory on organic and inorganic medicinal and

therapeutic agents of natural and synthetic origin; physical and chemical properties, as they relate to medicinal and therapeutic effects; comparative biological activity and toxicity; detoxification mechanisms; functional group chemistry; nomenclature; chemistry of radiodiagnostic and therapeutic agents; introduction to biopharmaceutical analysis. Team taught with each faculty member contributing approximately 17 hours instruction per year.

46:135 PERSPECTIVES IN MNPC RESEARCH Course for professional students discussing contemporary research in medicinal and natural products chemistry and

with particular emphasis on current faculty interests. Team taught with each faculty member contributing 2 hours instruction per year.

46:138 INTRODUCTION TO MEDICINAL AND NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY RESEARCH Elective laboratory course for professional and graduate students to give in-depth exposure to techniques and

problems encountered in natural product research. Taught by arrangement between individual students and faculty members.

46:209 BIOPOLYMERIC DRUGS Graduate course on drug applications for naturally occurring polymers such as hormones, enzymes, antibodies,

nucleic acids and polysaccharides are discussed. Topics include synthesis, formulation, delivery, pharmacokinetics, and metabolism. (48 lecture hours/year, offered on demand).

46:217 MEDICINAL AND NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY RESEARCH Graduate student research including individual instruction, research group meeting and literature day meetings. 46:219 SEPARATION METHODS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY-NATURAL PRODUCTS Graduate course on the occurrence, distribution, isolation of primary and secondary natural products; techniques of

handling and storing biological materials; emphasis on methods of isolation, including biological screening. Team-taught with each faculty member contributing 12 hours of instruction/year, offered every other year.

46:223 REACTION MECHANISM OF BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES co-listed with 4:225 Graduate course on a mechanistic approach studying enzyme-catalyzed biological processes. Emphasis on drawing

detailed mechanisms of a variety of biochemical reactions and how this approach helps in designing and understanding drugs (48 lecture hours/yr., offered every other year).

46:227 MEDICINAL AND NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY SEMINAR Graduate weekly seminar in Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry. Team taught course with eight faculty

sharing responsibilities of grading and scheduling on a rotating basis. 46:230 SELECTED TOPICS IN MEDICINAL AND NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY (GLYCOCHEMISTRY AND

GLYCOBIOLOGY) colisted with 4:225 Graduate course on the chemical and biological properties of complex carbohydrates and glycoconjugate and their

roles in living systems and as therapeutics. (32 lecture hours/yr., offered every other year) 52:181 BIOSEPARATIONS

Introduction to separation/purification techniques in biochemical engineering; filtration, centrifugation, chromatography, extraction, electrophoresis, crystallization, and cell disruption for intracellular product recover. (32 lecture hours/yr., offered on demand).

52:195 INTRODUCTION TO LITERATURE REVIEW AND PROPOSAL WRITING

This course is designed to introduce the tools used in reviewing the literature, the skills to critically read publications and training in the writing of a successful proposal. The key outcome of this course will be to draft a proposal that can be used as a starting point for the Ph.D. comprehensive. (2 lecture hours/yr., offered yearly).

52:247 ENZYME TECHNOLOGY Team taught graduate course in the Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering on the application of

enzymes in biotechnology; enzymes as commercial biocatalysts; immobilized enzyme technology; isolation, purification of enzymes; enzyme reactors; mechanisms of commercially important enzymes; enzymatic catalysis is unusual environments; catalytic antibodies and ribozymes.(48 lecture hours/yr., offered on demand).

Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute

4587 PERSPECTIVES IN CHEMISTRY Team lectures course in the Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology. 4310 GENETIC ENGINEERING Team taught lectures in the Department of Biology. 6961 SPECIAL TOPICS: GLYCOCHEMISTRY, GLYCOBIOLOGY AND GLYCOTECHNOLOGY

Graduate level course taught in the Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology