current status of planting material and field trials
TRANSCRIPT
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Current Status of Planting Material and Field Trials
Gordon O. Sigu - KEFRI
James Mwang’ombe - KFS
Paper Presented during the KEFRI INBAR Bamboo Resources Workshop held on 21st April 2015, at the Kenya Forestry Research
Institute (KEFRI)
Headquarters, Muguga
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PRESENTATION FLOW
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Introduction
Introduced Species
Raising of Planting Materials
Field Trials
Lessons Learnt
Concluding Remarks
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Introduction
• Over 150,000 ha in natural vegetation
• Yushania alpina (Arundinaria alpina)
• Located 2400-3400 m asl
• Mainly on slopes of the 5 water towers
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Introduction Cont..
• 40 species introduced
• Half of these successful in various zones
• Growing on farms in some areas like South Nyanza, Karatina
• Planted along rivers and town compounds
• Introduced species better in lowland and medium altitude zones
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Introduced Species
• Bambusa bambos• Bambusa lako• Bambusa nutans• Bambusa tulda• Bambusa vulgaris• Bambusa vulgaris
‘Vitatta’
• Spiny bamboo• black tropical bamboo• medium sized bamboo• large timber bamboo• common green
bamboo• common yellow
/striped bamboo
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Introduced Species Cont..
• Cephalostachyum pergracile
• Dendrocalamus asper• Dendrocalamus
brandisii• Dendrocalamus
giganteus• Dendrocalamus
hamiltonii
• medium sized bamboo
• Giant bamboo• Giant bamboo
• Giant Bamboo • large timber bamboo
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Introduced Species Cont…
• D. membranaceus• D. strictus• Oxytenanthera
abyssinica• Phyllostachys nigra
var. Henonis• Phyllostachys
pubescens
• large bamboo• solid bamboo• drought resistant
bamboo (African)• Black temperate
bamboo• Large timber and
edible shoots bamboo
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Raising of Planting Materials
PROPAGATION METHODS CURRENTLY IN USE
•SEED
•WILDLINGS
•CUTTINGS
•OFFSETS
•TISSUE CULTURE
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Bamboo Park
CULM / BRANCH CUTTINGS
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Seedlings ready for field planting
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Using offsets
Extracted offsets should be transported to the planting site without any delay (preferably the same day or the next) and planted immediately.
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Using Tissue Culture
•Mass production
•Rapid Multiplication
•Viable option for difficult species
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Macro-proliferation
• Multiplying nursery materials from seed/tissue culture seedlings
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Bamboo Nurseries
• KEFRI + regions and centres
• KFS Stations
• CBOs/Individual Farmers
• ENSDA Narok
• Tiriki Bamboo
• Kitil Farm
• Bamboo Trading Company
• Sotik Tea Company
• Bamboo and Tree Company
• Kaimosi Tea
• Unilever Kericho
• Nyayo Tea Zones
• Kenya Water Towers Agency
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Bamboo and Tree Company Ltd.
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KEFRI Bamboo Trials
• Positive initiative by KEFRI• Testing exotic species and their
potential• Strategic response to restriction
on harvesting• Shows positive results of some
species outside their natural range
• Unveils the potential of bamboo in Kenya
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Field Trials
• Trials in:
– Gede and Jilore – coastal region
– Muguga and Penon – highlands
– Kakamega and Siaya – Lake region
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Characteristics of Some Field Trial Sites
Site KAKAMEGA MUGUGA GEDE JILORE
Region Lake Region Highlands Coastal (Malindi)
Coastal (Malindi)
Coordinates 0°14’S / 36°38’E
1°54’S / 34°15’E
3°20’S / 40°5’E
3°12’S / 39°55’E
Altitude 1,675 m absl 2,050 m absl 50 m absl 80 m absl
Temperature (min)
17°C 11°C 22°C 24°C
Temperature (max)
33°C 28°C 33°C 34°C
Annual Rainfall
1100-1950 mm 900-1500 mm 900-1400 mm 550-1000 mm
Soils Dark Brown Loams
Deep Dark Red Clay Loams
Sandy White Loams
Sandy-red compact sandy soils
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Species Performance
• Dendrocalamus asper in Muguga
• D.hamiltonii in Gede
• B.blumeana in Jilore
• D.brandsii in Kakamega
• Y.alpina in Penon
• B.vulgaris (most sites)
Detailed Publications on performance and growth available including Guidelines
• Germplasm source
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Site Matching
Bamboo Species to Site Matching-Kenya
Species Temp (°C)Average Rainfall (mm)
Altitude (m.a.s.l) Soil
Yushania alpina 10-25 1800 2400-3400 Grows well on well-drained loamy soilsOxytenanthera abyssinica 16-35 600 40-2200 Sandy soilDendrocalamus brandsii 10-35 1800 0-1300 Grows well on well-drained loamy soilsD.asper 10-35 1800 400-2400 Best in alluvial soils with good drainageD.giganteus Upto 2 1800 100-1600 Rich alluvial soils, in tropical lowlandsD.hamilltonii 22-23 1500 50-1500 Best in alluvial soils with good drainageD.strictus 20-30 600 0-1500 Best on sandy loamsD.membranaceus 22-23 950 0-1000 Best on sandy loamsBambusa vugaris Var Vitatta Upto 3 1000 0-2400
Best in alluvial soils with good drainage
Bambusa vulgaris Var vulgaris Upto 3 1000 0-2400
Best in alluvial soils with good drainage
Bambusa Bambos Upto 2 1000 40-2400 Grows in sandy soilsB. tulda Upto 37 650 0-1500 Best on sandy loamsThyrsostachys siamensis Upto 4 800-1000 300-400 Grows on a wide range of soilsCephalostachyum pergracile 16-25 1000 0-1000 Thrives well in drained loams
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Some Observations
•Bamboo needs proper maintenance when it is young (up to 3-4 years).
•Given the right care and attention it grows to be healthy and strong.
•When the clump is mature, correct harvesting methods is a form of management leading to
•a good yield of shoots and culms, year after year
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Some Observations
• Increasing awareness about the potential of bamboo as:
– wood alternative– energy crop– material for cottage industries
• There is a demand for planting materials– prices of KSh 200 are considered to be too
high per plant– demand for giant varieties is high
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Lessons Learnt
• Demonstration plots in strategic sites
• Pilot harvesting in natural stands to demonstrate sustainability and best practice
• Products design and development to run had in hand with planting
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Concluding Remarks
Nurseries and Planting Materials• There is an increasing demand by farmers for bamboo
plantlets, especially giant/large varieties
• Bamboo propagation is a business opportunity • Investment in tissue culture is very necessary
• Carry out studies on water use by bamboo
• Strategic Plan for Bamboo Development
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Thank You