current status, issues, and gaps on …...•freshwater and marine aquaculture are mainly for...
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20-22 August 2018 at Centara Grand Central Ladprao, Bangkok, Thailand
Mr. KHAN Chan Dara & Mr. CHHORN Sokleang
Department of Aquaculture Development, Fisheries Administration, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Cambodia
CURRENT STATUS, ISSUES, AND GAPS ON AQUATIC
EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE SYSTEMS
PRACTICED BY CAMBODIA
Cambodia’s inland and marine waters
THAILAND LAO PDR
VIET NAM
Floodplain
The Great Lake
Mekong
Mekong
Floodplain
Spawning
Foraging
- Coastline of 435 km
-Total area of 181,035 km2
-Capital city: Phnom Penh
-Population: ~16 millions
Tonle Sap Lake
Cambodian freshwater fishes
More than 500 species were identified
Mekong Giant barb
(max. 200 cm) Mekong Giant catfish
(max. 300 cm)
Giant freshwater sting-ray (max. 400 cm) 4
Dolphin of the Mekong, Irrawady dolphin (Orcaella brevirostris)
Marine Species
Marine fish species: 700 and other marine life
5
Destruction of Flooded Forest
• Clear flooded forest areas for crop cultivation Cutting flooded forest for firewood
Building Dike within the flooded forest area
6
Emerging Issues
Impacts of climate change
Electro-cute fishing gears
Rat Tail Traps
7 Hydro Power Dam
Mosquito net fishing gear
Illegal trawling
Introduction • Aquaculture development becomes increasingly
important to fulfill the declining capture fishery production especially for food security and economy.
• Aquaculture production accounts for about 20% of the country’s total fish production. • Aquaculture production 2017: 207,443 tonnes
• Aquaculture production 2016: 172,500 tonnes
• The main aquaculture production produced from inland aquaculture accounts for nearly 90%.
• Freshwater and marine aquaculture are mainly for domestic consumption.
New trends in Aquaculture Development in Cambodia
Rice fish culture
Areas of freshwater cage culture distribution, 2016 6,681 cages (160,344 m3)
50% of total aquaculture production
originates from cage culture practiced
with 4 main species including :
Common native freshwater cultured species
Note: P: pond; FC: floating cage; RF: rice field; WS: Wild seed; HS: Hatchery seed
Giant snakehead
WS,HS/P, FC Striped snakehead
HS/P, FC
Climbing perch
HS/P
Striped catfish
WS ,HS/P, FC
Silver barb
HS/ P
Spoted-ear catfish
WS ,HS /P, FC
Frog
HS/P
Eel caultur
HS/ P
Freshwater Exotic Cultured Species
Note: P: pond; FC: floating cage; RF: rice field; WS: Wild seed; HS: Hatchery seed
Red Tilapia
HS/P, FC
Common Carp
HS/P
Silver Carp
HS/P
Hybrid catfish
HS/P, FC, T
Black Tilapia
HS/P, FC
Indian Carp(Mrigal)
HS/P
Trash fish for feeding some carnivorous species
Aquaculture Seed Supply in Cambodia
-Increasing from 20 millions (2000s) to around 180 millions (2015)
-55% of seed imported, 13% sourced from wild and 32% sourced
from both Cambodian state and private hatcheries
o National competent authority’s monitoring system/mechanism
on emerging/existing transboundary diseases in the country is
not yet effective
o The official list of national transboundary diseases of aquatic
animals is not yet available at the present time
o The Council of Ministers of Cambodia officially has acepted
the request for having agriculture, fisheries, livestock
competent authority (CA) at the border checkpoint including
ports and airports since 14 February 2017 (Not yet implemented
effectively)
Early Warning System
Major Concerned Diseases of Aquatic Animals
Finfish Diseases Status Level of
diagnosis Affected Species
1.Infection with Aphanomyces invadans (EUS) + I, II Silver barb, Striped snakehead, Giant
snakehead, Marble goby, Walking catfish
2.Koi herpesvirus disease (KHV) ***
3. Grouper iridoviral disease (GIV) ***
4. Viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (VNN) + III Asian seabass
5. Enteric septicaemia of catfish (ESC) ? I, II Striped Catfish
6. Tilapia lake virus (TiLV) 0000
Crustacean Diseases Status Level of
diagnosis Affected species
1. Infection with Taura syndrome virus (TSV) (1999)
I
Penaeus vannamei
2. Infection with white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) (1999) I
Penaeus vannamei
3. Infection with yellow head virus (YHV) (1999)
I
Penaeus vannamei
4. Infection with infectious hypodermal and haematopoietic
(IHHNV) 0000
5. Infection with Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus (WTD) - I
Macrobrachium rosenbergii
6. Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) or (EMS) (2011-2013) I
Penaeus monodon
7. Monodon Baculovirus (MBV) Disease (1999)
I
Penaeus monodon
Penaeus vannamei
Major Concerned Diseases of Aquatic Animals
Early Detection System
o In case there is a disease outbreak or suspicion, officers of
Fisheries Administration Cantonment of each province, have to
contact the Aquatic Animal Health officers at the national level
(Fisheries Administration) and send suspected/ diseased AA
samples for further diagnosis
o With some financial support from the Eroupean Union ,
provincial fisheries officers of 8 targeted provinces collect,
prepare and submit diseased fish samples and some relevant
information from those provinces to AADHM officers at the
national level for performing diagnosis.
o Result of disease diagnosis is recorded and
reported to provincial officers (Fisheries
Administration Cantonment) for taking right
actions to solve the occurring aquatic animal
diseases.
o Aquatic Animal Disease and Health
Management officers at the national level also
collect diseased fish samples for disease
diagnosis from 10 targeted provinces under
their Fish health monitoring program
Province Farm Culture System
Year
Pond Cage
Kampong Chhnang 17 10 7 2016
Kandal 16 16 0 2016
Banteay Meachey 14 14 0 2017-2018
Battambang 18 14 4 2017-2018
Kampong Thom 18 9 9 2017-2018
Kampong Cham 9 6 3 2018
Pursat 14 6 8 2018
Prev Veng 9 6 3 2018
Takeo 13 13 0 2018
Preah Sihanouk 11 11 0 2018
Total 139 105 34
10 Target Provinces Under National Fish
Disease & Health Monitoring Program
The Activities of Fish Disease & Health Monitoring
Program in 10 provinces
Kandal Province 2016 EU OPE2
The Activities of Freshwater Fish Disease & Health
Monitoring Program in 10 provinces
Kampong Chhnang Province 2016 EU OPE2
The Activities of Freshwater Fish Disease & Health
Monitoring Program in 10 provinces
Battambang Province 2017-2018 EU OPE3
The Activities of Freshwater Fish Disease & Health
Monitoring Program in 10 provinces
Kampong Thom Province 2017-2018 EU OPE3
The Activities of Freshwater Fish Disease & Health
Monitoring Program in 10 provinces
Banteay Meanchey Province 2017-2018 EU
OPE3
The Activities of Freshwater Fish Disease & Health
Monitoring Program in 10 provinces
Kampong Cham Province 2018 EU OPE3
The Activities of Freshwater Fish Disease & Health
Monitoring Program in 10 provinces
Pursat Province 2018 EU OPE3
The Activities of Freshwater Fish Disease & Health
Monitoring Program in 10 provinces
Takeo Province 2018 EU OPE3
The Activities of Freshwater Fish Disease & Health
Monitoring Program in 10 provinces
Prey Veng Province 2018 EU OPE3
Training Activities of Fish Disease & Health Management FiAC officers & farmers of Battambang & Kandal province, 2015
Activities of TOT Training on Fish Disease, Health & Pond
Water Quality Management Nationwide Agricultural Extension Officers , 2016
Training Activities of Fish Disease & Health Management Students of Faculty of Fisheries, 2017
Activities of TOT Training on Fish Disease, Health & Pond
Water Quality Management AAHDM FiAC officers of 8 EU funded provinces, 2017
Training Course On Health Management of Freshwater Fish Organized by: (SEAFDEC/AQD), Tigbauan 5021, Iloilo, Philippines
Place of training: MARDeC, Preah Sihanouk, Cambodia
Disease Reporting System
o OIE
o NACA
o ANNAHC
Not regularly submit quarterly reports
to the above organizations due insufficient
reporting personnel, diagnostic
capability/capacity & finance
o Capacity of Aquatic animal health laboratory is limited not able to
detect and identify all diseases (OIE and NACA listed)
o Level I and II (excluding histopathology, mycology etc) could be
performed but not effectively and not for all species whereas level
III, it is not yet effectively performed due to the lack of facilities,
skills and knowledge.
Laboratory Diagnostic Capability & Capacity
Laboratory & Diagnostic Capabilities
Marine Aquaculture Research and Development Center
(MARDeC)
Fish Disease Diagnosis Aquatic Animal Health Lab, MARDeC
Trichodina sp. Ichthyophthirius multifiliis Epistylis
Fish Parasitic Pathogens Diagnosed at MARDeC
Gyrodactylus sp. Dactylogyrus sp. Argulus sp. Lernaea sp.
Apisoma
Aphanomyces invadans
Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome Saprolegnia sp. Henneguya sp.
Acanthocephalan Fish tapeworm
Cryptocaryon irritans Tetraonchus sp.
Dactylogyrus sp. Rocinela maculata
Lepeohtheirus Salmonis
Hirudinea sp. Benedinea sp.
Red spot disease
Aeromonas hydrophila , A. sobria and A. Caviae
Fish Bacterial Pathogens Diagnosed at MARDeC
Giant snakehead, Channa micropeltes and Pangasius
(BNP) infected by Edwardsiella ictaluri
StreptococcusSp. VibrioSpp.
References for Aquatic Animal Disease and Health
Management
Early Response System
The Fisheries Administration (FiA) under Ministry of Agriculture,
Forestry and Fisheries is accountable for Aquatic Emergency
Preparedness and Response Systems for effective management of
aquatic animal disease outbreaks
o However, national intervention frameworks and standard operating
procedures are not yet created for effective actions on:
o Identification of a disease emergency,
o Identification of risks associated with the suspected
pathogen,
o Confirmation of the aetiology / etiologic agent of the
disease,
o Formulation of control options
To minimize the outbreaks and spread of aquatic
transboundary diseases in Cambodia and Southeast Asia,
the Fisheries Administration, Ministry of Agriculture,
Forestry and Fisheries has been initiating and enacting:
1. Proper registration and lisening of aquatic animal farming
and trading both national/international
2. Practice Good Aquaculture Practices, known as GAqP
3. Improve Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory and Staff
Capacity Buidling. In mid June 2018, the Office of Aquatic
Animal Disease and Health Management was officially
created under the Department of Aquaculture Development
5. Issuance Quality Seal
of good aquatic animal
products from
Department of Post-
Havest Technologies and
Quality Control of
Fisheries Administration
4. Law enforcement on legislations and SOPs for movement and
quarantine of aquatic animals.
6. Inpection and
issuance of Health
Certificate
To control quality of
either imported or
exported aquatic
animals and other
fishery products
Article 67 in Chapter 12 of Cambodia law on
fisheries (2006) states that commercial imports of
fishery products can be taken place, when there are:
1. A license issued by the head of the Central
Fisheries Administration.
2. A license issued by the CITES Management
Authority of exporting country for endangered
fishery products although it is not for commercial
purposes.
3. A quality control certificate in fishery
pathology issued by exporting country.
ASEAN Guidelines
o Law on Fisheries
o Statement of Royal Cambodian Government on National Fisheries Sector Policy
o Strategic Planning Framework for fisheries 2010-19
o National Strategic Plan for aquaculture development 2014 – 2030
o Decision letter on order of aquaculture technical practices (GAqP)
Legal And Technical Documents
o Code of Conduct of FAO on Aquaculture and Responsibilities Practices in Fisheries
o Training documents on GAqP for disseminating through teaching and meeting
o Health Certification on Good quality of Fisheries Products for exporting
Legal And Technical Documents
To improve Cambodia’s transboundary disease control and management of
live aquatic animal movement , The Royal Government of Cambodia needs:
Conclusion and Way forward
o Cambodia’s Aquatic Emergency Preparedness and Response Systems for
effective management of aquatic animal disease outbreaks are not yet effective
due to some constrains as aforementioned.
o Cambodia needs both technical and financial assistance, regional and
international collaborations for effective self development of Aquatic
Emergency Preparedness and Response Systems capability and
capacity to effectively manage the aquatic animal disease outbreaks
o Cambodia needs the improvement, amendment and enforcement of laws,
regulations, legislations and SOPs for transboundary disease control and
management of live aquatic animal movement on timely manner.
សូមអរគុណ! Thank You So Much for Your Attention ! • Office of Aquatic Animal Disease and Health Management
• Department of Aquaculture Development,
• Fisheries Administration, Cambodia