current state of the art of biofuels applications in eu25 · current state of the art of biofuels...
TRANSCRIPT
Efi Alexopoulou
Biomass section
Current state of the art of biofuels applications in EU25
Budapest 9/3/06
Biodiesel
Bioethanol
Biogas, Vegetal oils, bio-methanol, biodimethylether, bio-ETBE, bio-MTBE, synthetic fuels and bio-hydrogen are also referring by European Commission but have been only little developed or not yet developed.
Biofuels
Biofuels• Bioethanol
is obtained from distilling the sugar extracted from beets as well as from cereals like wheat, barley or corn
• Biodieselis produced from oleaginous plants like rape or sunflower. The vegetal oil then undergoes an esterification process using methanol (derived from natural gas) for transformation to RME
Biofuels production in the European Union in EU25 in 2004
• Biodiesel – 1 933 400 tonnes • Bioethanol – 497 040 tonnes
Biodiesel production represented the 79.5% of the total biofuels production, while bioethanol represents the 20.5%.
Biodiesel Biodiesel is generally produced by transesterification of vegetable oils (so-called “fatty acid methyl esters”, FAME). Currently, the predominant oils used in biodieselproduction are rape and sunflower oil in Europe, and soya oil in North America. Again, the cost of the feedstock represents the major component of total production costs of biodiesel, such that cheaper oils such as palm oil or even used frying oil could have a significant cost advantage.
Biodiesel Production in European Union since 1992
5500
0
8000
0
1500
00
2800
00 4350
00
4750
00
3900
00
4700
00 6800
00
7800
00
1065
000
1434
000
1933
400
0
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
2500000
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Biodiesel production in European Union in 2003 and 2004
Country 2003 2004 IncreaseGermany 715000 1035000
348000
320000
70000
60000
57000
15000
13000
9000
5000
Sweden 1000 1400 +40,0%
19334000
France 357000
+44,8%
-2,5%
+17,2%
+70,7%
-14,3%
+78,1%
+116,7%
0,0%
Italy 273000
Denmark 41000
Czech Republic 70000
Austria 32000
Slovakia 0
Spain 6000
UK 9000
Lithuania 0
+28,6%TOTAL EU 25 1504000
Biodiesel production (data 2004)
>More than 1 million tons produced in Germany (53,5% of the total production)In France (2004) the biodiesel production was 348000 tonnes and there is a plan for 480000 by 2007In Italy the biodiesel production is going to be decreased in 2005 from 320000 to 200000 tonnes.
Other countries in Europe have been decided to go into biodiesel production like Spain (250000 in Cartagena in 2005) and Portugal (100000 on going)
Main biodiesel producers in EU (2004)
Company Nationality Production (tonnes)rough estimates
Diester Industry French >300000
ADM American >250000
Novaol French >250000
Natur Energie West German <100000
Fox Petrioli Italian >100000
MUW MitteldeutscheUmesterungs Werke
German >100000
Campa biodiesel GmbH
German >70000
Biodiesel production places related to rapeseed production
(source University of Applied Sciences - Germany)
Biodiesel production places related to corn production
(source University of Applied Sciences - Germany)
Production costs & international diesel prices
Biofuel production costs(US$/ lt of fuel)
IFP W/tax(US$/ lt of fuel)
IFP W o/tax(US$/ lt of fuel)
0.570
0.680
1.286
1.090
0.490
USA 0.549 0.373
CAN 0.455
0.607
0.725
0.568
EU-15
0.391
0.396
0.382POL
BRA 0.384
Diesel prices for the EU-15 are weighted averages of prices in Germany, France and Italy
Cost Ranges: BiodieselSource: Renewables 2005 Global Status Report
Typical costs: 40-80 $ cents/ liter diesel equivalentCost could decline to 35-70 $ cents/ liter diesel equivalent (sugar) post- 2010 for rapeseed and soy, and remain about 25 $ cents (currently) for biodiesel from waste oil.
Bioethanol
In 2004 the bioethanol production was 491040, while in 2003 was 424750 (increase 15.6%)Commission (CAP) is obliged to buy and store excess wine production and part of it can be transformed into ethanol which then can be sold in the biofuels market
Bioethanol production in the European Union since 199347
500
5850
0
5790
0
8034
0
1033
70
1179
00
1108
50
1910
00
2160
00
3173
00 3643
20
4910
40
0
150000
300000
450000
600000
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Bioethanol situationSpain is the leading European Union country in terms of Bioethanol production – ETBE (194,000 tonnes in 2004, while in 2003 was 160,000 tonnes). There is a projection for 160,000 tonnes (Abengoa Group – Castilian Y Leon) more in 2006 that will not be ETBE but bioethanol will mixed directly with petrol.France increases quotas (from 82,000 tonnes in 2003 increases to 102,000 tonnes in 2004 and the Biofuel Plan will benefit with an additional approval of 320,000 tonnes between now and 2007).
Bioethanol situationSweden consuming than it produces (52,000 tonnes in 2004, while the annual consumption was 206,000 tonnes). Unlike Spain and France, Sweden does not transform ethanol to ETBE in order to distribute it.Poland is waiting for a new law (is the only European country that bioethanol production between 2003 and 2004 was decreased 40.7% because the Polish Constitutional Court did not ratify the Biofuels Law of November 2003).Germany is starting bioethanol production (three new units are expected with a production capacity of 500,000 tonnes from cereals and all be located close to the Polish border.
Bioethanol and ETBE production in 2003 and 2004 (in tons)
2003 2004
Bioethanol production
ETBE production
Bioethanol production
ETBE production
Spain 160000 340800 194000 413200
France 82000 164250 102000 170600
Sweden 52000 0 52000 0
Poland 60430 67000 35840 n.d.
Germany 0 0 20000 42500
Bioethanol sold by European Community
70230 n.d. 87200 n.d.
Total EU25 424750 572050 491040 626300
Bioethanol actorsThe bioethanol market is controlled by the big
industrial groups and the large agriculture cooperatives of the sugar and alcohol industriesThe Spanish group ABENGOA is the largest bioethanol maker with a production of 226,000 tonnes. At the moment had two units in Spain (in Cartagena and in Texeiro), while one more is expected with a production of 160,000 tonnes. In collaboration with AB Bioenergy France (controlled at 51%) is going to produce 180,000 tonnes in southwest of France.
Bioethanol actorsIn France, the Tereos Group produced 48,000 tonnes and holds the 40% of the ethanol market share in France and in the future the group is planning the production of two units (one in Lillebonne with a capacity of 200,000 tonnes and one in Origny with a capacity of 160,000 tonnes). In France there is also the Gristal Union that groups together the Champagne-Ardenne region beet cooperatives with a project for a production of 238,000 tonnes near Reims. In Sweden there are two main actors Agroetanol(40,000 tonnes) and Svensk Etanolkemi (15,000 tonnes)
Bioethanol production places related to cereals production
(source University of Applied Sciences - Germany)
Production costs of ethanol & international diesel prices
Ethanol production
costs (wheat)
(US$/ lt of fuel)
Ethanol production
costs (maize)
(US$/ lt of fuel)
IFP W/tax(US$/ lt of
fuel)
IFP W o/tax(US$/ lt of
fuel)
USA 0.545 0.289 0.540 0.384
CAN 0.563 0.335 0.680 0.401
EU-15 0.573 0.448 1.316 0.406
POL 0.530 0.337 1.200 0.392