Current Events

• “April 25, 2001 The State of Florida on Tuesday approved the establishment of a 150-square-mile marine ecological reserve that will be the nation's largest no-fishing zone.” Reported by Reuters in Outside.

HCP & Cons. Biol. (97 spp.)

Category of Theory (Impact Assessment)

Genetics Popn. Behav. ETIB Comm. Ecosystem

Expert Opinion 4 0 9 9 7 5

Qualitative 1 9 11 5 11 2

Limited Quantitative 1 17 3 3 5 2

Quantitative 2 18 7 5 12 13

Quantitative Model 0 0 0 0 0 1

Times Theory Used 8 44 30 22 35 23

ESAFor success stories, see:

http://www.edf.org/pubs/Reports/Road2Recovery/

Wilcove, D.S. et al. 1996. Rebuilding the Ark: Toward a More Effective Endangered Species Act for Private Land. Environmental Defense Fund

ESA

Wilcove, D.S. et al. 1996. Rebuilding the Ark: Toward a More Effective Endangered Species Act for Private Land. Environmental Defense Fund

ESA

• Backlog of unaddressed listing petitions

• Failure to develop and implement recovery plans in a timely fashion

• Lack of adequate funding to meet objectives

• Inefficient, expensive, and biased toward “charismatic megafauna” having broad public appeal

Hot Spots

To qualify as a hotspot, an area must contain at least 1,500 of the world's 300,000 plant species and lost 70% or more of its primary vegetation

Myers, N., et al. 2000. Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature 403:853-858.

Hot Spots

• “25 hotspots contain the sole remaining habitats of 44% of the Earth's plant species and 35% of its vertebrate species, and these habitats face a high risk of elimination.”

• “An aggregate expanse of 800,767 square kilometres, 38% of the hotspots total, is already protected in parks and reserves”

Myers, N., et al. 2000. Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature 403:853-858.

http://www.gap.uidaho.edu/

Gap Analysis

http://www.gap.uidaho.edu/

Gap Analysis

http://www.gap.uidaho.edu/

“The Three C’s”

Current Events

• “Interior Secretary Gale A. Norton is preparing to shelve the Clinton administration's plan to reintroduce grizzly bears into the Idaho and Montana wilderness, deferring to state officials and frightened residents who have battled to keep America's largest predators away from their rural communities, sources say” - Michael GrunwaldWashington Post, 4/25/01; Page A02

Interaction Conservation

• “[w]hat escapes the eye . . . is a much more insidious kind of extinction: the extinction of ecological interactions - Janzen

Interaction Conservation

Interaction Conservation

• Thompson, J. N. 1996. Evolutionary ecology and the conservation of biodiversity. TREE 11:300-303.

• Both ecological and evolutionary consequences

• Geographic-mosaic theory of evolution / coevolution

Geographic Mosaic Theory

• Species are groups of genetically differentiated populations

• Outcomes of interactions vary among communities

• Interacting species differ in their geographic ranges

Thompson, J. N. 1997. Evaluating the dynamics of coevolution among geographically structured populations. Ecology 78:1619-1623.

Geographic Mosaic Theory

Thompson, J. N. 1997. Evaluating the dynamics of coevolution among geographically structured populations. Ecology 78:1619-1623.

Should we focus conservation efforts on:

A. Wilderness areas: Pristine areas far from human contact

B. Wildlife areas bordering “high density” human populations

Gardenification

Janzen, D. 1998. Gardenification of Wildland Nature and the Human Footprint. Science 279:1312-1313.

Janzen, D. 1999. Gardenification of tropical conserved wildlands: Multitasking, multicropping, and multiusers. PNAS 96:5987-5994.