cuore (cryogenic underground osservatory for rare events) and cuoricino for searches on neutrinoless...
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CUORE (Cryogenic Underground Osservatory for Rare Events) and CUORICINO
For searches on neutrinoless decay WIMPs and axions interactions and on rare nuclear events
E.Fiorini, Neutrino 2004 Paris , June 17, 2004
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The collaboration
Laurence Berkeley National LaboratoryUniversity of California, Berkeley CA 94720 USADipartimento di Fisica e Matematica dell’ Universita’ dell’ Insubria e Sezione di Milano dell’ INFN, Como I-22100, ItalyDipartimento di Fisica dell’ Universita’ di Firenze e Sezione di Firenze dell’ INFN, Firenze ,I-
50125,ItalyLaboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso,I-67010,ItalyLaboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Via Romea 4, I-35020 Legnaro (Padova)Kamerling Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University,2300 RAQ Leiden, NetherlandDipartimento di Fisica dell’ Universita’ di Milano-Bicocca e Sezione di Milano dell’ INFN, Milano I-20126 ItalyDipartimento di Ingegneria Strutturale del Politecnico di Milano, Milano I-20133, ItalyDipartimento di Fisica dell’ Universita’ di Genova e Sezione di Genova dell’ INFN, Genova, I-16146, ItalyDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, S.C. 29208, USALab. of Nucl. and High Energy Phys, University of Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza,SpainDipartimento di Fisica dell’ Universita’ di Roma e Sezione di Roma1 dell’ INFN, Roma ,I-16146, Italy
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(A,Z) => (A,Z+2) + 2 e- + 2 e¯(A,Z) => (A,Z+2) + 2 e- + ( …2,3 (A,Z) => (A,Z+2) + 2 e-
u e -
d
d
e -W
u
e
e
2 - decay
W
0 - decay
e -
e -
d
du
u
W
We
e
sum electron energy / Q
2Neutrinoless
peak
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Cosmological disfavoured region (WMAP)
Direct hierarchym2
12=
m2sol
Inverse hierarchym2
12= m2atm
“quasi” degeneracym1 m2 m3
Present Cuoricino region
Possible evidence (best value 0.39 eV)
Feruglio F. , Strumia A. , Vissani F. hep-ph/0201291
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Experimental approach
Source = detector (calorimetric)
Incident particle
absorber crystal
e-
e-
Thermal detectors
heat bath
Thermal sensor
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Why thermal detectors
uncertainty in nuclear matrix evaluation
apeak could be simulated by a radioactive signal. If found in two different regions
=> Clear indication
Present choice of 130Te due to
Good natural isotopic abundance (i.a. = 33.87 %)
High transition energy (Q = (2528.8 1.3) keV )
observed with geo-chimical techniques ( T1/2 incl = ( 0.7 - 2.7 ) 1021 y)
Importante per l’espansione a basso costo dei rivelatori futuri
Spazio delle fasi grande, minor fondo radioattivo
( valle tra l’en. piena ed il Compton edge del 208Tl )mee 0.1 eV T 1/2 1026
y
Flexibility in the choice of detectors
Excellent resolution <1 eV ~ 4 eV @ 6 keV ~10 eV ~keV @ 2 MeV
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CUORE @ LNGS
Cuoricino (Hall A)
CUORE R&D (Hall C)
CUORE (Hall A)
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1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 20150,01
0,10
1,00
10,00
100,00
1000,00
10000,00
Year
Mas
s [k
g]
Increase of the detector mass
CuoricinoMibeta
4 detectors array340 g
73 g
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Resolution of the 5x5x5 cm3 (~ 760 g ) crystals
:0.8 keV FWHM @ 46 keV
1.4 keV FWHM @ 0.351 MeV
2.1 keV FWHM @ 0.911 MeV
2.6 keV FWHM @ 2.615 MeV
3.2 keV FWHM @ 5.407 MeV
(the best spectrometer ever realized)
Energy [keV]
Cou
nts
210Po line
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CUORICINO
11 modules, 4 detector each,crystal dimension 5x5x5 cm3
crystal mass 790 g
4 x 11 x 0.79 = 34.76 kg of TeO2
2 modules, 9 detector each,crystal dimension 3x3x6 cm3
crystal mass 330 g
9 x 2 x 0.33 = 5.94 kg of TeO2
Search for the 2|o in 130Te (Q=2529 keV) and other rare events
At Hall A in the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS)
18 crystals 3x3x6 cm3 + 44 crystals 5x5x5 cm3 = 40.7 kg of TeO2Operation started in the beginning of 2003 => ~ 4 months
Background .19±.02 c /kev/ kg/ a
T 1/2 0 (130Te) > 7.5 x 1023 y <m> .3 -1. 6
Klapdor 0.1 – 0.9
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CUORE is an array of 988 bolometersgrouped in 19 colums with 13 flours of 4 crystals
750 kg TeO2
=> 600 kg Te
=> 203 kg 130Te
IL PROGETTO CUORE
Crystals are separated by a few mm, only, with little material among them
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Progetto di set-up per CUOREExternal shiled
Roman Pb (< 4 mBq/kg)
Modern Pb (~16 Bq/kg)
Common Modern Pb (~160 Bq/kg)
External shield in B-PET
Anti-Rn box with flux of N2
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Suspension system of CUOREThe detector is suspended in an INDEPENDENTfrom the cryostat
A mobile platform allows opening the cryostat disassemnling the shielding
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CUORE sensitivity
b = 0.01 - = 5 keV F0 = 9.4 1025 ( T[y ] )1/2 | < m > |(0.024- 0.13 eV in 5 y)
b = 0.001 - = 5 keV
F0 = 3 1026 ( T[y ] )1/2 | < m > |(0.016- 0.09 eV in 5 y)
CUORE Background in the neutrinoless region
Monte Carlo results , supported by CUORICINO Bulk crystal (<.1 pg/g) and external activity negligible
a. cryostat activity(thermal shield larger in in CUORICINO then MIDBD) Increased Roman lead and no thermal shileds < .0038 counts/keV/kg/year
. & surface activity from Copper structure
(Monte Carlo => ~ 0.1 ng/g v.s. < 1 pg/g internal) proved!
c. & surface activity of crystals (Monte Carlo ~ 0.1 ng/g v.s. < .1 pg/g internal)
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Larger crystals (6x6x6 cm3 => 1.3 kg)
Reasonably good , but fragile
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Active reduction of surface activity
The scintillating bolometer Proved for CaF2 being studied for TeO2
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TeO2
Cutape
α
α
α
Ge-2Ge-1
α
α
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400800
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Conclusions
Compound Isotopic abundance Transition energy
48CaF2 .0187 % 4272 keV
76Ge 7.44 " 2038.7 "
100MoPbO4 9.63 " 3034 "
116CdWO4 7.49 " 2804 "
130TeO2 34 " 2528 "
150NdF3 150NdGaO3
5.64 " 3368 "
- Thermal detectors are very flexible, and allow to study different nuclei
-130Te has high transition energy and 34% isotopic abundance => enrichment non needed and/or very cheap. Any future extensions are possible
-Performance of CUORE, amply tested with CUORICINO
- CUORE has been approved and has already an underground location