culture, innovation, inclusiveness€¦ · culture, innovation, inclusiveness jean-eric aubert. 3rd...
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3rd & 4th July 2017 The World Conference on Intellectual Capital for Communities
- 13th Edition -
Information and Knowledge for All:
Towards an Inclusive Innovation
The World Conference on Intellectual Capital for Communities
UNESCO, July 3&4 2017
Culture, Innovation, Inclusiveness
Jean-Eric Aubert
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3rd & 4th July 2017 The World Conference on Intellectual Capital for Communities
- 13th Edition -
Innovation and Inclusiveness: Two approaches
• A narrow approach: innovation defined as the diffusion of new technologies or practices addressing the specific needs and capabilities of the poor/disfranchised
• A broad approach: innovation as key factor of economic growth and social progress that benefit the society as a whole, including the poor.
• Focus of this presentation on the second approach: hence discussion of innovation systems/innovation policy in a broad sense.
1
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3rd & 4th July 2017 The World Conference on Intellectual Capital for Communities
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INNOVATION, DEVELOPMENT, SOCIETAL SYSTEMS
S.SDSI.S.
D.SS.S.
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3rd & 4th July 2017 The World Conference on Intellectual Capital for Communities
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Culture ? How is it shaped?
The shaping of cultures
Social practices World views
Objective Conditions
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3rd & 4th July 2017 The World Conference on Intellectual Capital for Communities
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Share of Global GDPA Two Millennium Perspective
©cjd
Share of Global GDP as a % of World Total 1990 PPP
0.00%
5.00%
10.00%
15.00%
20.00%
25.00%
30.00%
35.00%
40.00%
0 1000 1500 1600 1700 1820 1870 1913 1950 1973 1998
Axis
Title
France
Germany
Italy
UnitedKingdom
United States
WesternEurope
Japan
China
India
Former USSR
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3rd & 4th July 2017 The World Conference on Intellectual Capital for Communities
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Comparing innovation systemsWest/East Asia
West Drivers/specializationsInnovations “breakthrough”, Science-drivenInventors/pioneersStart ups/LE (elite)
East Asia Drivers/specializationsMass productions (high tech)TechnologistsImitators/followersLarge entreprises/networked SME
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3rd & 4th July 2017 The World Conference on Intellectual Capital for Communities
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Comparing Western-Eastern Societies
Transcendent Religion
Individualistic Society
State separated from society
Phonetic language
Individuation from the world
Immanent Religion
Communitarian Society
State integrated in society
ideographic language
Immersion within the world
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3rd & 4th July 2017 The World Conference on Intellectual Capital for Communities
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West vs East
Games: siege vs. infiltration
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3rd & 4th July 2017 The World Conference on Intellectual Capital for Communities
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Innovation, growth and inclusiveness in…
China• Economic growth driven by mass
productions, has benefited large segments of population (poverty reduction)
• Dynamic innovation spots and large scale iniitiatives (new Silk Road)
• Increasing inequality, risk of social unrest if economic crisis
Japan• After high performing catching up
process (1950-1980), slow growth, stagnation and a declining population
• Still a significant innovative capability
• Technical change for an ageing society (robots, etc)
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Innovation Systems -- Western societies
Research Industry Finance Education
Anglo-Saxon -Exposedindividualists
Highly Performing (university)
Start-ups; high tech/services/défense
VC/Stockexch.
Competi/inequalitarian/pragmatic
Latin --Protected individualists
Unevenlyperforming(public labs)
LE/SME reg.Civil high tech,Trad. ind.
Banks/public bodies
Meritocrat/elitist/theoretical
Rhine/German --Cooperative individualists
Highlyperforming Top U/I relations
Key role of ME/networked industry
Bank-industrysystem
Equalitarian/Dual/apprenticeship
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3rd & 4th July 2017 The World Conference on Intellectual Capital for Communities
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France: strenghts and weaknesses
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3rd & 4th July 2017 The World Conference on Intellectual Capital for Communities
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France
• Protected society: « grands corps », trade unions, local commerce chambers, etc.
• Resistances to reforms (labor markets, education, etc)
• Increasing inequalities (elite reproduction)
• Need to rebuild a trust-based and risk-oriented society,
• An opening with the new President (but with a very technocratic power system)
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3rd & 4th July 2017 The World Conference on Intellectual Capital for Communities
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India
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3rd & 4th July 2017 The World Conference on Intellectual Capital for Communities
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MAKE INDIA
And also… FRUGAL INNOVATIONS
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3rd & 4th July 2017 The World Conference on Intellectual Capital for Communities
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Innovations in Africa – A Patchwork
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Africa:
Persisting governance problems
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Rwanda
• Traumatism (genocide) then reconciliation: based on traditional practices
• Authoritarian Governance; large scale projects
• Major Investments in high tech – Neglecting the basics (agriculture)
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Challenges ahead
• Demographics: Youth bulges in Africa and South Asia; migrations…
• Climate change: droughts, rising sea level, etc.
• Geopolitical tensions
• Financial crises
• Etc.
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3rd & 4th July 2017 The World Conference on Intellectual Capital for Communities
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Global issuesEmerging youth and employment
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Publication: Jean-Eric AubertCultures et Systèmes d’Innovation
• Pre Presses des Mines, Paris,
Avril 2017 (142 pages)
• http://www.pressesdesmines.com/libres-opinions/cultures-et-systemes-d-innovation.html