Culture and Emotion[Instructor Name]

[Class Section Number]

Warm-up Activity

Koko the gorilla and her kitten

Do you need to be human to have emotions?

Overview

• What Are Emotions?• Historical Background• Current Research and Theory• Importance of Similarities and Differences• Learning Appropriate Emotional Expression

What Are Emotions?

Are emotions the same across cultures?

What Are Emotions?

Emotion is shared and different. How different?

Increasing importance - multicultural societies & inter-connected world

What Are Emotions?

Overview

• What Are Emotions?• Historical Background• Current Research and Theory• Importance of Similarities and Differences• Learning Appropriate Emotional Expression

Historical Background

Universalists All cultures share common

primordial ancestor Emotions are the same

Constructivists Humans have adapted to

different environments Emotions evolved too Cultural ideas and practices

are all-encompassing

Historical BackgroundStudies by Paul Ekman (1970s)Matching emotionsSome variabilityCultural causes –

“Display rules”

Overview

• What Are Emotions?• Historical Background• Current Research and Theory• Importance of Similarities and Differences• Learning Appropriate Emotional Expression

Current Research and Theory

North AmericanSmile: greater frequency, greater intensity

East AsianSmile: lower frequency, lower intensity

Current Research and Theory

Independent self High arousal state Enthusiastic

North American East Asian Interdependent self Low arousal state Peaceful

Current Research and Theory

Ideal AffectN. Americahigh arousal positive

East Asialow arousal positive

Current Research and Theory

Prefer more arousing leisure activities

Prefer calmer leisure activities

North American East Asian

Current Research and Theory

Feel good after positive event

“Mixed” feelings after positive event

North American East Asian

Current Research and Theory

Emotional suppression leads to more depression

Emotional suppression not associated with depression

North American

East Asian

Current Research and Theory - Similarities

Similar physiological response after positive & negative events

Positive emotions after positive events

Current Research and Theory - Similarities

Self esteem & relationship harmony emphasized

SelfEsteem

SelfEsteem Relationship

HarmonyRelationship

Harmony

SelfEsteem

SelfEsteem

RelationshipHarmony

RelationshipHarmony

European-American/Individualistic

Hong Kong Chinese/CollectivistBut not in equal proportion

Overview

• What Are Emotions?• Historical Background• Current Research and Theory• Importance of Similarities and Differences• Learning Appropriate Emotional Expression

Importance of Similarities and Differences in Emotion

Understanding

Different ways to well-being

Similarities between species

What are the similarities between elephants and humans?

Overview

• What Are Emotions?• Historical Background• Current Research and Theory• Importance of Similarities and Differences• Learning Appropriate Emotional Expression

Learning Appropriate Cultural Emotional Expression

Children’s Storybooks

Genetic Differences < Value Difference

Models of Self

Photo Attribution

Slide 1Photo Credit: snej https://www.flickr.com/photos/35034359668@N01/4761553812/ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/

Slide 2Photo Credit: Dozyg http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gorilla_port_lympne1.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:public_domain

Slide 4Photo Credit: The Advocacy Project https://www.flickr.com/photos/42487558@N00/4742475546/ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/

Slide 5Photo Credit: Shazron https://www.flickr.com/photos/67779936@N00/1124298654/ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/">cc</a>

Slide 5Photo Credit:Frans Persoon https://www.flickr.com/photos/38659937@N06/4107095362/ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/

Slide 7Photo Credit: Stefan Scheer http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Neandertaler_reconst.jpg http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en

Slide 10Photo Credit: Kanaka Menehune https://www.flickr.com/photos/13584435@N00/2795269057/ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/

Slide 10Photo Credit: Didier-Lg https://www.flickr.com/photos/75455070@N00/149965164/ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/

Slide 14Photo Credit: OAKLEYZ FOTOZ https://www.flickr.com/photos/77135314@N03/7393553998/ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/

Slide 14Photo Credit: mac.rj https://www.flickr.com/photos/38775064@N05/5614050826/ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/

Slide 13Photo Credit: that one doood https://www.flickr.com/photos/35967757@N04/6068274226/ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/

Slide 13Photo Credit: gkamin https://www.flickr.com/photos/65692143@N00/1985808529/ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/

Slide 15Photo Credit: KarlGartland https://www.flickr.com/photos/8326658@N08/10127241184/ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/

Slide 16Photo Credit: Diamond Geyser https://www.flickr.com/photos/92607898@N00/4954867751/ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/

Slide 18Photo Credit: Spiva Arts https://www.flickr.com/photos/95823288@N05/8751405550/ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/

Slide 20Photo Credit: sensesmaybenumbed https://www.flickr.com/photos/63357531@N00/2293906896/ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/