Cultural obstacles and Cultural obstacles and latent enterpreneurshiplatent enterpreneurship

Adriana Calvelli, Francesco Calza

Università Parthenope di Napoli

Promoting Promoting EntrerpreneurshipEntrerpreneurshipDeal with the opportunity to increase

individual creativeness and encourage the ability to catch the opportunities provided by the surrounding environment (P.F. Drucker, 1986).

UndoubtfullyIt increase the intention to start a

businessIt influence a more reactive way of

working It affect also individuals day life

Customize Customize enterpreneurship enterpreneurship It should consider how and why

that promotion will be perceived;It should consider the social

environment where enterpreneurial statements are promoted;

It should consider aims and willings of those who are stimulated;

Il should consider, finally, how different entrepreneurs are and the stereotypes that each context allow to identify

That is why That is why It can be considered a special

linkage between the culture of the context and the effectiveness of entrepreneurship promotion.

More: there are fiendly and hostile contexts where to promote entrepreneurship

5

Monolithiccontext

The typology of cultural The typology of cultural contextscontexts

(Cox and Blake, 1991)

•- Strong homogeneity within itself•Low propensity to accept different cultural models •Self-identity and self categorization)

Pluricultural context

Some acceptation attitude Lack of an effective mechanism for

the assimilation of cultural diversity

Cultural conflicts!!

The typology of cultural The typology of cultural contexts contexts

(Cox and Blake, 1991)(Cox and Blake, 1991)

C. Cannavale and R. Canestrino 7

Multiculturalcontext

- Effective dialogue among different cultures-Absence of any discrimination and prejudices -Good background for entrepreneurial development

The typology of cultural The typology of cultural contexts contexts

(Cox and Blake, 1991)(Cox and Blake, 1991)

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If Entrepreneurship is the process by which individuals identify and pursue business

opportunities by:a) Scanning the market horizon (see “outside the box”)b) Exploiting the existing knowledge and by developing new ones (Kirzner,

1979)

Culture influences firms' capacity to recognise and to catch opportunities (Steensma et al., 2000)

As a matter of fact

Promoting entrepreneurship Promoting entrepreneurship in hostile contextin hostile contextExternal cause-related mithos

◦External causes are the main factors of unsuccess

◦External actors don’t add competence or value to teh entreprease, they take value

Internal cause-related mithos◦Entrepreneurs can be sure only of

himself◦Don’t trust anyone◦Entrepreneus are the only actors of

their success

The hero entrepreneurThe hero entrepreneurHow can he diffuse

entrepreneurshipWhy sould students try sutch a

difficoult wayWho can be compared with himIt is embodied an high

probability of fail, how will it be socially considered.

They don’t know they are They don’t know they are enterpreneur latentlyenterpreneur latently

Selective promotionSelective promotionStimulate interaction ,

knowledge exchange and cultural spill over

Encourage latent entrepreneurs to emerge (e.g. spin off, selective financing)