cultural creative activities in the › __data › assets › pdf... · 5412 magazine and other...

W S Cummings B Econ

38 Grafton St (PO Box 2148)

Cairns Q 4870

t: 07 4031 2888 m: 0418 871 011

e: [email protected]

w: www.cummings.net.au

CUMMINGS ECONOMICS

ABN: 99 734 489 175

CULTURAL &

CREATIVE

ACTIVITIES

IN THE

CAIRNS REGION

Estimates of

Economic Impact

F I N A L

Ref: J3200

February 2019

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.cummings.net.au/

CULTURAL & CREATIVE ACTIVITIES – CAIRNS REGION E s t i m a t e s o f E c o n o m i c I m p a c t

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February 2019 /19

Contents

Pg

SUMMARY OF MAIN POINTS .................................................................................................. 3

1. INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................... 4

2. EMPLOYMENT – CENSUS DATA ....................................................................................... 4

3. ESTIMATED ECONOMIC VALUE ........................................................................................ 5

4. COMPARISONS WITH EARLIER REPORTS .......................................................................... 9

5. SUB SECTORAL IMPORTANCE ........................................................................................ 10

6. SURVEY RESPONSES PROFILE......................................................................................... 11

7. SURVEY RESPONSES PROFILE......................................................................................... 13

7.1 Part Time & Amateur Activity ................................................................................................... 13

7.2 Wider Benefits ........................................................................................................................... 13

Appendices

APPENDIX 1 - List of Cultural & Creative Industries ............................................................... 15

APPENDIX 2 - List of Cultural & Creative Occupations ........................................................... 16

APPENDIX 3 – Technical Note ............................................................................................... 18


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SUMMARY OF MAIN POINTS

o The assessment is based on statistical definitions of Cultural and Creative Activities in the economy developed by QUT and models of the Cairns LGA and Cairns SA4 Region based on national input/output coefficients modified to the structure of the regional economy.

o 2016 Census employment in the Cultural and Creative Industries was recorded as follows:

Cairns LGA Cairns SA4

Region

Creative Occupations in Creative Industries 629 852

Non-Creative Occupations in Creative Industries 1,169 1,459

Cultural Occupations in Non-Creative Industries 674 899

Total 2,472 3,210

Percentage of Total Workforce 3.4% 3.0%

o Based on 2016 Census employment data, modelled estimate of ‘output’ of the various

classifications are: Cairns LGA of $676 million, Cairns SA4 Region $889 million. However, this would involve double counting through some elements being inputs into other elements.

o Modelled estimate of Gross Value Added for Cairns LGA is $350 million and Cairns SA4 Region is $460 million.

o Impact on Gross Regional Product is estimated at Cairns LGA 4.3%, Cairns SA4 Region 3.8%.

o Although there were some differences in methodology and area covered, the Gross Value Added of $460 million for Cairns SA4 Region compares with estimates of value at outlet level in the 2006 study of $280 million for Cairns/Far North Region. Employment of 3,200 for this study compared with 2,800 in the 2006 study. While not an accurate comparison, there are indications of growth over the period 2006 to 2016.

o Largest value added is recorded for computer programming and related services (25%), publishing (15%), architectural services (13%) and radio and television broadcasting and recording (13%).

o The late 2018 survey of a sample of cultural and creative businesses indicates that the sector is dominated by small businesses with relatively low turnover per person employed especially in visual arts and performing arts.

o The bulk of businesses are located in Cairns but most also service the rest of the immediate region. However, about a third reported servicing markets outside the immediate region in Queensland, about 48% interstate and about a quarter overseas.

o Average expectation of growth over the next five years of the businesses surveyed was close to 7%.


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1. INTRODUCTION

Cummings Economics has researched and prepared two reports on the Cultural and Creative Activities in the Cairns Region for Cairns Regional Council:

1) A Comparative Statistical Analysis (QUT Definitions); 2) A Survey of Businesses involved in Cultural and Creative Activities.

The first provided extensive information on employment in the sector based on Census data. The second included a feedback of information about turnover, employment, where located and markets from over 100 businesses in the sector.

This study brings this information together along with standard economic modelling of the regional economy to provide order of magnitude estimates of the economic impact of the sector.

2. EMPLOYMENT – CENSUS DATA

The Cultural and Creative activities are defined for statistical purposes by a range of Cultural and Creative industries (see list Appendix 1) and Cultural and Creative occupations (see list, Appendix 2).

The following table gives employment recorded in these classifications in Census 2016 for Cairns LGA and Cairns SA4 region.

Table #1: Cultural & Creative Activity in the Cairns LGA – Employment Recorded 2016 Census

Cultural &

Creative Industry Non-Cultural &

Creative Industry Total

Creative Occupations No. 629 1,169 1,797

(%) (0.9%) (1.6%( (2.5%)

Non-Creative Occupations No. 677 69,930 70,688

(%) (0.9%) (96.6%) (97.5%)

Total No. 1,306 71,099 72,405

(%) (1.8%) (98.2%) (100.0%)

No. %

Creative Occupations/Creative Industries 629 0.9%

Creative Occupations/Non-Creative Industries 1,169 1.6%

Non-Creative Occupations/Creative Industries 674 0.9%

Total 2,472 3.4%


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February 2019 /19

Table #2: Cultural & Creative Activity in the Cairns SA4 Region – Employment Recorded 2016 Census

Cultural &

Creative Industry Non-Cultural &

Creative Industry Total

Creative Occupations No. 852 1,459 2,303

(%) (0.8%) (1.4%) (2.2%)

Non-Creative Occupations No. 898 102,938 103,842

(%) (0.8%) (97.0%) (97.8%)

Total No. 1,750 104,397 106,145

(%) (1.6%) (98.3%) (100.0%)

No. %

Creative Occupation/Creative Industry 852 0.8%

Creative Occupation/Non-Creative Industry 1,459 1.4%

Non-Creative Occupation/Creative Industry 899 0.8%

Total 3,210 3.0%

We thus have about 3.4% of the workforce in cultural and creative activities Cairns LGA and in Cairns SA4 slightly lower at 3.0%.

However, it should be noted that the Census data only records what residents enter on their returns as their employment. Cultural and Creative Activity includes a great deal of part-time, unpaid, amateur activity that is not captured by these figures.

3. ESTIMATED ECONOMIC VALUE

Models of the regional economy based on national input/output coefficients adapted to the structure of the regional economy allow order of magnitude estimates to be made of the value of output and value added associated with employment recorded in the sector.

(See Technical Note, Appendix 3.)

The following table sets out estimates of the value of output and value added generated for the Creative Industries for Cairns LGA and Cairns SA4 region.


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February 2019 /19

Table #3: Modelled Estimate of Value of Output & Value Added by Cultural & Creative Industries based on Employment, Census 201

Industries

LGA SA4

LGA Employment

Output Initial Value

Added SA4

Employment Output

Initial Value Added

1612 Printing Support Services 7 1.36 0.73 6 1.17 0.63

2591 Jewellery and Silverware Manufacturing 12 4.07 1.59 28 9.49 3.70

5400 Publishing (except Internet and Music Publishing), nfd 8 2.68 1.63 8 2.68 0.32

5410 Newspaper, Periodical, Book and Directory Publishing, nfd 3 1.00 0.61 3 1.00 0.12

5411 Newspaper Publishing 64 21.40 13.06 93 31.10 3.73

5412 Magazine and Other Periodical Publishing 21 7.02 4.28 20 6.69 0.80

5413 Book Publishing 14 4.68 2.86 18 6.02 0.72

5419 Other Publishing (except Software, Music and Internet) 0 0.00 0.00 3 1.00 0.12

5420 Software Publishing 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

5500 Motion Picture and Sound Recording Activities, nfd 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

5510 Motion Picture and Video Activities, nfd 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

5511 Motion Picture and Video Production 36 11.39 3.65 46 15.03 4.81

5514 Post-production Services and Other Motion Picture and Video Activities 3 0.95 0.30 3 0.98 0.31

5520 Sound Recording and Music Publishing, nfd 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

5522 Music and Other Sound Recording Activities 9 4.19 2.09 9 2.94 0.94

5600 Broadcasting (except Internet), nfd 3 1.40 0.70 3 1.40 0.71

5610 Radio Broadcasting 34 15.81 7.91 49 22.79 11.62

5620 Television Broadcasting, nfd 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

5621 Free-to-Air Television Broadcasting 36 16.74 8.37 35 16.28 8.30

5622 Cable and Other Subscription Broadcasting 5 2.33 1.16 7 3.26 1.66

5700 Internet Publishing and Broadcasting 3 5.08 2.29 7 33.33 15.00

5900 Internet Service Providers, Web Search Portals and Data Processing Services, nfd

0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00


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6010 Libraries and Archives 13 2.91 2.24 43 9.64 7.42

6921 Architectural Services 183 47.66 23.35 222 57.81 28.33

6924 Other Specialised Design Services 125 32.55 15.95 159 41.41 20.29

6940 Advertising Services 109 28.39 13.91 125 32.55 15.95

6991 Professional Photographic Services 75 19.53 9.57 95 24.74 12.12

7000 Computer System Design and Related Services 299 83.99 47.03 375 105.34 58.99

8910 Museum Operation 40 5.04 2.72 76 9.56 5.16

9000 Creative and Performing Arts Activities, nfd 4 0.50 0.27 10 1.26 0.68

9001 Performing Arts Operation 12 1.51 0.82 12 1.51 0.82

9002 Creative Artists, Musicians, Writers and Performers 118 14.86 8.03 198 24.91 13.45

9003 Performing Arts Venue Operation 23 2.90 1.56 26 3.27 1.77

J000 Information Media and Telecommunications, nfd 16 10.19 4.18 21 13.38 5.48

R000 Arts and Recreation Services, nfd 31 6.33 3.42 40 5.04 2.72

Total Selected Industries 1,306 356.47 184.28 1,750 485.57 226.69


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February 2019 /19

In summary, the values total as follows.

Cairns LGA Cairns SA4 Region

Output $256 m $486 m

Value Added $184 m $227 m

However, as can be seen from previous Tables #1 and #2, this does not include those in Cultural and Creative occupations in non-Cultural and Creative industries.

In terms of employment, this adds to the Cultural and Creative workforce a further 90% in the case of Cairns LGA, and 83% in the case of the Cairns SA4 region. If it is assumed that ratios of output and value added to employment are similar to those for the Cultural and Creative industries, the following table gives estimate of total output and value added involved.

Table #4: Models of Estimate of Total Output & Value-Added, Cultural & Creative Activities

LGA SA4 Region

Output Initial

Value-Added Output

Initial Value-Added

Cultural & Creative Industries $356 m $184 m $486 m $250 m

Cultural & Creative Occupations in Non-Cultural & Creative Industries

$320 m $166 m $403 m $210 m

Total $676 m $350 m $889 m $460 m

However, because some of the activities involved provide inputs to other activities in the sector, the output figures overstate the value of the sector. The estimates of “value added” are a truer indication of the value of the sector.

The indications are that value added by Cultural and Creative Activities in the economy is of the order of $350 million for Cairns LGA and over $460 million for Cairns SA4 Region.

This would mean that in Cairns LGA, Cultural and Creative Activities account for about 4.3% of Gross Regional Product and in the Cairns SA4 Region about 3.8%.

Note: The survey of a sample of businesses came up with a turnover per person employed of approximately $190,000. If this is applied to the Australian Bureau of Statistics indicated employment in the sector, total turnover indicated would be Cairns LGA approximately $470m and Cairns SA4 Region approximately $610m. However, this survey relates to businesses only and does not include a great deal of activity of individual artists, writers and performers, non-private education, local government and public venues and if taken into account, turnover to employment ratio is likely to be lower.

Certainly, “value added” as opposed to “turnover” will be lower, making the results of the survey roughly comparable with the above modelled estimates.


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4. COMPARISONS WITH EARLIER REPORTS

The 2006 study carried out by Cummings Economics was based on different methodology of exhaustive surveying in the sector and concluded that total employment in the sector in the region including Cape and Torres was about 2,800 (about 1,580 in defined Cultural and Creative industries and about 1,300 in related sectors like education, outlets, suppliers, etc.)

By comparison, this report identifies 1,840 in defined Cultural and Creative industries and 1,460 in Cultural and Creative occupations in non-Cultural and Creative industries, totalling 3,200. Thus, the picture is quite similar. While the most recent figures are higher than those for 2006, it would not be valid to conclude that the difference accurately represents actual growth because of differences in methodology and area covered.

Estimated value of output at outlet level in the 2006 study (ie. equivalent of value added by different elements of the sector) at $280 million, compares with Cairns LGA $350 million and Cairns SA4 Region $460 million in this study. Again, this is roughly comparable.

Given inflation, it could be expected that growth in value has occurred. However again, because of differences in methodology and area covered, it cannot be concluded that the growth indicated accurately reflects what has actually occurred.


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February 2019 /19

5. SUB SECTORAL IMPORTANCE

The following table groups data from Table #3 to give an idea of comparative sub sectoral importance.

Table #5: Modelled Value Added of Cultural & Creative Industries by Sub Sector

Cairns LGA Cairns SA4 Region

Computer Programming & Related Services $47 m $59 m

Publishing $27 m $36 m

Architectural Services $23 m $28 m

Radio & Television Broadcasting (incl music recording)

$23 m $38 m

Other Specialised Design Services $16 m $20 m

Creative Artists, Musicians, Writers & performers and Performing Art Operations & Venues

$16 m $23 m

Advertising Services $14 m $16 m

Professional Photography, Film & Video Production $14 m $17 m

Libraries & Museums $5 m $13 m

Total $185 m $250 m

The above table highlights the importance of Computer Programming & Related Services in the sector, Publishing, Architectural Services and Radio & Television Broadcasting that account for two-thirds of the “value added”.


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February 2019 /19

6. SURVEY RESPONSES PROFILE

The survey of businesses carried out in late 2018 provides further information on the structure and economic impact of the sector from a sample of 112 businesses.

The sector is mainly composed of smaller sole traders and local firms, especially in the Visual Arts and Performing Arts, with an average indicated of about five employees per respondent. About 30% only recorded more than three employees (highest proportion was Publishing).

Typically, businesses involved will have employment 75% in Creative Occupations and 25% in Non-Creative Occupations with some 70% full time and 30% either part time or sub contracted.

Average turnover per business was indicated to be about $500,000 but this was heavily increased by a few larger respondents with turnovers over $10m.

Average turnover per employee was just short of $200,000 but with levels very low in Performing Arts and Visual Arts.

As previous Table #3 indicates, about a quarter of employment in the sector is outside of Cairns in the rest of the Cairns SA4 Region.

Substantial servicing of markets outside the region was recorded.

Table #6: Markets Serviced

%

Cairns 94%

Kuranda 79%

Tablelands 80%

Port Douglas 79%

Innisfail/Mission Beach 66%

Gulf 30%

Peninsula 30%

Torres 35%

Other Northern Queensland 34%

Other Queensland 35%

Interstate 41%

Overseas 27%

Most respondents service the immediate Cairns region as well as Cairns (with Innisfail/Mission Beach the lowest at 66%).

Once they move beyond the immediate Cairns region, there is a tendency to service all of the Gulf, Peninsula, Torres, rest of Queensland, interstate and to a lesser extent overseas.


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Mentions of overseas areas were in the following order:

Pacific (PNG,/NZ/Pacific) Asia (East and South East) Europe America Middle East

For Cultural and Creative businesses, the indications are that local residents only represent about a third of total markets (highest for Performing Arts at 69%). Local business, industrial and government markets account for close to 50% and rest of Queensland, interstate and overseas 18%.

Sales to tourism are mainly to tourism businesses.

Respondents’ expected growth over the next five years varied but average was close to 7%.


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7. ADDITIONAL ECONOMIC IMPACT

7.1 Part Time & Amateur Activity

While the foregoing gives measures of economic activity defined as cultural and creative in quantifiable monetary and employment terms, it should be noted that, especially in the visual and performing arts sectors, there is a large amount of activity that takes place on a part time voluntary unpaid basis outside of the employment people declare on their Census returns.

The studies this report is based on do not allow us to estimate this in terms of numbers involved and hours engaged in these activities.

Previous studies however, have indicated that numbers involved on a part time, voluntary unpaid basis, are comparatively large and if their time spent was valued, would represent a significant addition.

7.2 Wider Benefits

The second point is that cultural and creative activity plays a significant part in the development of community ethos and sense of well-being, and appreciation of the finer things in life that is difficult to measure.

However, there can be no doubt that the development of this sector, like other major services such as health and education, plays a major role in helping make the city and region a more comfortable and attractive place in which to live.

While industries like agriculture, mining, fisheries and tourism that earn income from outside the region (that are mainly based on natural resources and attributes), have been the driving force in locating economic activity in the region, access to increasing levels of various services within the region lowers real costs of living in the area and helps the retention and attraction of workforce and population.


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CULTURAL & CREATIVE

ACTIVITIES IN THE

CAIRNS REGION

APPENDICES


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APPENDIX 1 - List of Cultural & Creative Industries

Australian Bureau of Statistics Cultural & Creative Industries (QUT Definitions)

1612 Printing Support Services

2591 Jewellery and Silverware Manufacturing

5400 Publishing (except Internet and Music Publishing), nfd

5410 Newspaper, Periodical, Book and Directory Publishing, nfd

5411 Newspaper Publishing

5412 Magazine and Other Periodical Publishing

5413 Book Publishing

5419 Other Publishing (except Software, Music and Internet)

5420 Software Publishing

5500 Motion Picture and Sound Recording Activities, nfd

5510 Motion Picture and Video Activities, nfd

5511 Motion Picture and Video Production

5514 Post-production Services and Other Motion Picture and Video Activities

5520 Sound Recording and Music Publishing, nfd

5522 Music and Other Sound Recording Activities

5600 Broadcasting (except Internet), nfd

5610 Radio Broadcasting

5620 Television Broadcasting, nfd

5621 Free-to-Air Television Broadcasting

5622 Cable and Other Subscription Broadcasting

5700 Internet Publishing and Broadcasting


6010 Libraries and Archives

6921 Architectural Services

6924 Other Specialised Design Services

6940 Advertising Services

6991 Professional Photographic Services

7000 Computer System Design and Related Services

8910 Museum Operation

9000 Creative and Performing Arts Activities, nfd

9001 Performing Arts Operation

9002 Creative Artists, Musicians, Writers and Performers

9003 Performing Arts Venue Operation

J000 Information Media and Telecommunications, nfd

R000 Arts and Recreation Services, nfd


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APPENDIX 2 - List of Cultural & Creative Occupations Australian Bureau of Statistics Cultural & Creative Occupations (QUT Definitions)

130000 Specialist Managers nfd 131100 Advertising, Public Relations and Sales Managers nfd 131112 Sales and Marketing Manager 131113 Advertising Manager 131114 Public Relations Manager 139911 Arts Administrator or Manager 210000 Arts and Media Professionals nfd 211000 Arts Professionals nfd 211100 Actors, Dancers and Other Entertainers nfd 211111 Actor 211112 Dancer or Choreographer 211113 Entertainer or Variety Artist 211199 Actors, Dancers and Other Entertainers nec 211200 Music Professionals nfd 211211 Composer 211212 Music Director 211213 Musician (Instrumental) 211214 Singer 211299 Music Professionals nec 211311 Photographer 211400 Visual Arts and Crafts Professionals nfd 211411 Painter (Visual Arts) 211412 Potter or Ceramic Artist 211413 Sculptor 211499 Visual Arts and Crafts Professionals nec 212000 Media Professionals nfd 212100 Artistic Directors, and Media Producers and Presenters nfd 212111 Artistic Director 212112 Media Producer (excluding Video) 212113 Radio Presenter 212114 Television Presenter 212200 Authors, and Book and Script Editors nfd 212211 Author 212212 Book or Script Editor 212300 Film, Television, Radio and Stage Directors nfd 212311 Art Director (Film, Television or Stage) 212312 Director (Film, Television, Radio or Stage) 212313 Director of Photography 212314 Film and Video Editor 212315 Program Director (Television or Radio) 212316 Stage Manager 212317 Technical Director 212318 Video Producer 212399 Film, Television, Radio and Stage Directors nec


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212400 Journalists and Other Writers nfd 212411 Copywriter 212412 Newspaper or Periodical Editor 212413 Print Journalist 212414 Radio Journalist 212415 Technical Writer 212416 Television Journalist 212499 Journalists and Other Writers nec 224200 Archivists, Curators and Records Managers nfd 224211 Archivist 224212 Gallery or Museum Curator 224611 Librarian 225100 Advertising and Marketing Professionals nfd 225111 Advertising Specialist 225113 Marketing Specialist 225212 ICT Business Development Manager 225311 Public Relations Professional 232000 Architects, Designers, Planners and Surveyors nfd 232100 Architects and Landscape Architects nfd 232111 Architect 232112 Landscape Architect 232300 Fashion, Industrial and Jewellery Designers nfd 232311 Fashion Designer 232312 Industrial Designer 232313 Jewellery Designer 232400 Graphic and Web Designers, and Illustrators nfd 232411 Graphic Designer 232412 Illustrator 232413 Multimedia Designer 232414 Web Designer 232511 Interior Designer 232611 Urban and Regional Planner 233916 Naval Architect 234911 Conservator 261100 ICT Business and Systems Analysts nfd 261111 ICT Business Analyst 261112 Systems Analyst 261200 Multimedia Specialists and Web Developers nfd 261211 Multimedia Specialist 261212 Web Developer 261300 Software and Applications Programmers nfd 261311 Analyst Programmer 261312 Developer Programmer 261399 Software and Applications Programmers nec 399411 Jeweller 399514 Make Up Artist


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APPENDIX 3 – Technical Note

The following table gives regional input/output coefficients for the Cultural and Creative industries.

Table: Regional Input/Output Coefficients – Cairns 2017-18

Industries

LGA SA4

Output Initial Value

Added Initial Emp Output

Initial Value Added

Initial Emp

1612 Printing Support Services 1.00 0.54 5.15 1.00 0.54 5.15

2591 Jewellery and Silverware Manufacturing 1.00 0.39 2.95 1.00 0.39 2.95

5400 Publishing (except Internet and Music Publishing), nfd 1.00 0.61 2.99 1.00 0.61 2.99

5410 Newspaper, Periodical, Book and Directory Publishing, nfd 1.00 0.61 2.99 1.00 0.61 2.99

5411 Newspaper Publishing 1.00 0.61 2.99 1.00 0.61 2.99

5412 Magazine and Other Periodical Publishing 1.00 0.61 2.99 1.00 0.61 2.99

5413 Book Publishing 1.00 0.61 2.99 1.00 0.61 2.99

5419 Other Publishing (except Software, Music and Internet) 1.00 0.61 2.99 1.00 0.61 2.99

5420 Software Publishing 1.00 0.61 2.99 1.00 0.61 2.99

5500 Motion Picture and Sound Recording Activities, nfd 1.00 0.32 3.16 1.00 0.32 3.06

5510 Motion Picture and Video Activities, nfd 1.00 0.32 3.16 1.00 0.32 3.06

5511 Motion Picture and Video Production 1.00 0.32 3.16 1.00 0.32 3.06

5514 Post-production Services and Other Motion Picture and Video Activities

1.00 0.32 3.16 1.00 0.32 3.06

5520 Sound Recording and Music Publishing, nfd 1.00 0.32 3.16 1.00 0.32 3.06

5522 Music and Other Sound Recording Activities 1.00 0.50 2.15 1.00 0.32 3.06

5600 Broadcasting (except Internet), nfd 1.00 0.50 2.15 1.00 0.51 2.15

5610 Radio Broadcasting 1.00 0.50 2.15 1.00 0.51 2.15


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5620 Television Broadcasting, nfd 1.00 0.50 2.15 1.00 0.51 2.15

5621 Free-to-Air Television Broadcasting 1.00 0.50 2.15 1.00 0.51 2.15

5622 Cable and Other Subscription Broadcasting 1.00 0.50 2.15 1.00 0.51 2.15

5700 Internet Publishing and Broadcasting 1.00 0.45 0.59 1.00 0.45 0.21


1.00 0.45 0.21 1.00 0.41 1.57

6010 Libraries and Archives 1.00 0.77 4.46 1.00 0.77 4.46

6921 Architectural Services 1.00 0.49 3.84 1.00 0.49 3.84

6924 Other Specialised Design Services 1.00 0.49 3.84 1.00 0.49 3.84

6940 Advertising Services 1.00 0.49 3.84 1.00 0.49 3.84

6991 Professional Photographic Services 1.00 0.49 3.84 1.00 0.49 3.84

7000 Computer System Design and Related Services 1.00 0.56 3.56 1.00 0.56 3.56

8910 Museum Operation 1.00 0.54 7.94 1.00 0.54 7.95

9000 Creative and Performing Arts Activities, nfd 1.00 0.54 7.94 1.00 0.54 7.95

9001 Performing Arts Operation 1.00 0.54 7.94 1.00 0.54 7.95

9002 Creative Artists, Musicians, Writers and Performers 1.00 0.54 7.94 1.00 0.54 7.95

9003 Performing Arts Venue Operation 1.00 0.54 7.94 1.00 0.54 7.95

J000 Information Media and Telecommunications, nfd 1.00 0.41 1.57 1.00 0.41 1.57

R000 Arts and Recreation Services, nfd 1.00 0.54 4.90 1.00 0.54 7.94

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