CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS

HOW FAR IS CUBA FROM THE COAST OF FLORIDA?

•90 MILES

AFTER THE SPANISH AMERICAN WAR, WHAT COUNTRY’S CORPORATIONS CONTROLLED MUCH OF THE COMMERCE OF CUBA?

•THE UNITED STATES

BACKGROUND

CUBA, SMALL ISLAND, 90

MILES FROM FL

U.S. BUSINESSES

CONTROLLED MUCH OF

CUBA, U.S. MILITARY BASE

(GUANTANAMO)

1959, FIDEL CASTRO

OVERTHROWS BATISTA (US-

BACKED DICTATOR)

Castro enters Havana 1959

WHAT HAPPENED THAT WORSENED U.S.-CUBAN RELATIONS AFTER CASTRO TOOK POWER?

•CASTRO NATIONALIZED U.S.

INDUSTRIES, I.E. SUGAR

RELATIONS WORSEN

CASTRO TAKES OVER U.S.

BUSINESSES

JANUARY 1961, US BREAKS OFF

DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS

APRIL, 1961, BAY OF PIGS – 1,400

ANTI-CUBAN EXILES ATTEMPTED TO

OVERTHROW CASTRO

BY AUTUMN 1962, CUBA HAS

RECEIVED 1000S OF USSR MISSILES,

JETS, BOATS & PERSONNEL

Kruschev embraces Castro

WHY WAS THE USSR INTERESTED IN HELPING CUBA?

TO HELP A NEW COMMUNIST STATE

TO GET A LAUNCH BASE FOR INTER-CONTINENTAL MISSILES (ICMS)

TO TEST STRENGTH OF NEW U.S. PRESIDENT, JFK

KHRUSHCHEV WANTED TO FORCE JFK TO BARGAIN OVER U.S. MISSILES IN EUROPE

Why does this cartoonist

think that Khrushchev was

interested in Cuba?

14 OCTOBER 1962, U.S. U-2 SPY PLANE TAKES PHOTOS OF SUSPECTED USSR MISSILE SITES IN CUBA

• MISSILE SITES NEARING COMPLETION, COULD BE READY IN 7 DAYS

20 Soviet ships bound for Cuba carrying missiles!

THE MISSILES: LOCATIONS

The world holds

its breath….

OPTIONSAIR STRIKE AT LEAST AGAINST MISSILE SITES, AND PERHAPS AGAINST WIDER TARGETS

MAY PROVOKE A SOVIET RESPONSE IN WEST BERLIN

DO NOTHING

IGNORE MISSILES IN CUBA.

U.S. HAD MILITARY BASES IN 127 DIFFERENT COUNTRIES INCLUDING CUBA.

U.S. HAD NUCLEAR MISSILES IN SEVERAL COUNTRIES CLOSE TO THE SOVIET UNION.

THEREFORE, ONLY RIGHT THAT THE SOVIET UNION SHOULD BE ALLOWED TO PLACE MISSILES IN CUBA.

DIPLOMACY/NEGOTIATE

OFFER THE SOVIET UNION A DEAL

USSR REMOVE MISSILES IN CUBA U.S. WITHDRAW ITS NUCLEAR MISSILES FROM TURKEY AND ITALY.

MILITARY BLOCKADE• USE THE US NAVY TO BLOCK ANY MISSILES FROM ARRIVING IN CUBA• ANNOUNCE THAT ANY SHIPS COMING INTO CUBA WOULD BE SEARCHED FOR WEAPONS BEFORE ENTERING• SOVIET SHIPS COULD DECIDE TO NOT STOP WHEN U.S. SHIPS BLOCKED THEM WHICH COULD TRIGGER

GUNFIRE AND POSSIBLE ESCALATION

INVASION SEND TROOPS TO OVERTHROW CASTRO

MISSILES COULD THEN BE PUT OUT OF ACTION

NUCLEAR WEAPONS

• USE NUCLEAR WEAPONS AGAINST CUBA AND/OR THE SOVIET UNION.

WHAT WOULD YOU HAVE DONE?

1. Air Strike

2. Do Nothing

3. Diplomacy/Negotiate

4. Military Blockade

5. Invasion

6. Nuclear Weapons

With a partner, rank the options from your most preferred option to your least preferred option

WHAT ACTUALLY HAPPENED?

10/20--JFK DECIDES TO

BLOCKADE CUBA

10/22-- PUBLICLY CALLS

ON KHRUSHCHEV TO

REMOVE WEAPONS

10/24 SOVIET SHIPS

(ACCOMPANIED BY

SUBMARINE) APPROACH

BLOCKADE ZONE

10/24, 10:32 AM, SOVIET

SHIPS STOP & TURN ROUND

WHAT HAPPENED NEXT?10/25-- PHOTOS SHOW CONTINUED CONSTRUCTION OF MISSILE

SITES

10/26--KENNEDY RECEIVES OFFER: WE’LL REMOVE MISSILES IF

YOU END BLOCKADE & PROMISE NOT TO INVADE CUBA

10/27--JFK RECEIVES 2ND LETTER CALLING FOR WITHDRAWAL OF

US MISSILES IN TURKEY TOO

10/28--KHRUSHCHEV AGREES TO

DISMANTLE SOVIET MISSILES IN

CUBA

U.S. PUBLICLY DECLARES IT WILL

NEVER INVADE CUBA & SECRETLY

AGREES TO DISMANTLE MISSILES

IN TURKEY

What is this cartoonist trying to say about the

difficulties facing Kennedy during the Crisis?

OUTCOME

CUBA REMAINED COMMUNIST & HEAVILY ARMED, BUT WITHOUT NUCLEAR MISSILES

WORLD SAW THE FUTILITY OF THE IDEA OF MUTUALLY ASSURED DESTRUCTION (MAD)

SUPPORTED THEORY OF CONTAINMENT & CO-EXISTENCE BECAUSE ALTERNATIVES UNIMAGINABLE

PERMANENT HOTLINE BETWEEN WHITE HOUSE & KREMLIN SET UP

U.S. & U.S.S.R NEGOTIATE A NUCLEAR TEST BAN TREATY

SS5H8 THE STUDENT WILL DESCRIBE THE IMPORTANCE OF KEY PEOPLE, EVENTS, AND

DEVELOPMENTS BETWEEN 1950-1975

a. DISCUSS THE IMPORTANCE OF THE CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS AND THE VIETNAM WAR.

EQ. WHY DID THE US HELP SOUTH VIETNAM?

HOW SUCCESSFUL WAS THE UNITED STATES AND OTHER NATIONS IN LIMITING AND CONTAINING COMMUNISM

OR SOCIALISM IN THE WORLD?

HOW WAS VIETNAM UNLIKE ANY WAR WE HAD FOUGHT?

THE VIETNAM WAR (DURING THE COLD

WAR)

MAIN IDEA

US

INVOLVEMENT

EQ. What did the Vietcong do to fight against the technology of the US?

Pages 422 through 427

The US fought a war against communism in Vietnam. (1954-1973)

Vietnam was a French colony. France and Vietnam decided to split the country into:

-North Vietnam (became communist)

-South Vietnam (became free)

A group of communist in South Vietnam tried to overthrow South Vietnam's free government.

--Communist fighters in the south were called the “Vietcong”. They were supported by North Vietnam.

-At first, the US only sent advisors and supplies.

-In 1965, the US started sending troops.

THE VIETNAM WAR (DURING THE

COLD WAR)

FIGHTING

INCREASES

THE ANTIWAR

MOVEMENT

OPINIONS

PROTESTING

& DEMONSTRATIONS

EQ. What did the Vietcong do to fight against the technology of the US?

The North Vietnamese army joined the Vietcong in attacks against US troops.

As fighting increased, Lyndon B. Johnson sent more troops to help South Vietnam.

The US had advanced technology: tanks, bombers, helicopters

The Vietcong did not have advanced weapons. They fought in small groups, used tunnels and the jungle to

hide. (The Vietcong were fast moving.) Even the US had better technology, the Vietcong controlled most of the

south.

Anti=against

Main Idea Many people in the US were against the war.

Reasons for the antiwar movement Losing troops and cost of the war

TV brought images of the war into US homes every night.

What people saw - difficult battles, effects of US bombing on civilians,

Stop communism vs. stay out of the war

Draft-when needed, the US chose which young men would go to war. This upset many people.

Many citizens participated in demonstrations against the war.

THE VIETNAM WAR (DURING THE

COLD WAR)

GETTING OUT OF

THE WAR

EQ. What did the Vietcong do to fight against the technology of the US?

President Richard Nixon –started bringing troops home, at the same time the US increased bombing

N. Vietnam, S. Vietnam, & the US signed a cease-fire.

US soldiers came home. Communist kept attacking. N. Vietnam defeated South Vietnam.

Over 55,000 US troops died.

The US lost this war against the spread of communism in Vietnam.

THE VIETNAM WAR

THE CONFLICT IN VIETNAM

•DURING THE COLD WAR (1950S-1960S) THE UNITED STATES TRIED TO STOP

THE SPREAD OF COMMUNISM.

•VIETNAM WANTED INDEPENDENCE FROM THE FRENCH AND WON IT IN 1954

•VIETNAM WAS SPLIT INTO NORTH AND SOUTH VIETNAM

•NORTH VIETNAM WAS COMMUNIST. SOUTH VIETNAM WAS NON-COMMUNIST

•IN THE 1960S, A GROUP OF COMMUNISTS IN SOUTH VIETNAM WANTED TO

REMOVE THE NON COMMUNIST GOVERNMENT CONFLICT

THE FIGHTING•THE COMMUNIST FIGHTERS IN SOUTH VIETNAM WERE CALLED THE VIETCONG

•AT FIRST, THE UNITED STATES MILITARY HELP THEM WITH ADVISORS AND

SUPPLIES

•IN 1965, THE USA BEGAN SENDING SOLDIERS TO FIGHT IN VIETNAM

•THE U.S TROOPS USED ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY: HELICOPTERS, TANKS AND

BOMBERS.

•DESPITE THE U.S POWERFUL WEAPONS, THE VIETCONG CONTROLLED MOST OF

SOUTH VIETNAM

WHO IS THE ENEMY?•THE VIETCONG LIVED AMONG

CIVILIANS IN VIETNAMESE CITIES

AND VILLAGES.

•THE VIETCONG USED GUERILLA

TACTICS TO COMBAT U.S. MILITARY

SUPERIORITY.

•JUNGLES MADE FIGHTING DIFFICULT.

FIGHTING THE WAR IN VIETNAM

THE U.S TACTICS TO FIGHT THE WAR

•THE U S MILITARY USED A VARIETY OF TACTICS TO FIGHT THE WAR IN

VIETNAM.

•SOLDIERS WERE SENT ON DEADLY “SEARCH & DESTROY” MISSIONS INTO

THE JUNGLES TO FIND THE VIETCONG.

•IN THE US, TV BROADCASTS REPORTED DEATHS, ATROCITIES,

DECLINING TROOP MORALE, & LACK OF GAINS IN THE WAR.

•MY LAI MASSACRE 1968.

U.S TROOPS IN VIETNAM

A VICIOUS WAR

THE ANTIWAR MOVEMENT

•AS THE FIGHTING IN VIETNAM CONTINUED, THE COSTS OF THE WAR

GREW (BILLIONS OF DOLLARS SPENT)

•MORE AND MORE SOLDIERS WERE DYING.

•THE MEDIA SHOWED THE TERRIBLE EFFECT OF THE UNITED STATES AIR

BOMBINGS ON CIVILIANS.

•AMERICANS PROTESTED AT ANTIWAR MARCHES AND

DEMONSTRATIONS.

THE PROTESTS

GETTING OUT OF VIETNAM AND NORTH VIETNAM TAKES OVER

•RICHARD NIXON BECAME PRESIDENT IN JANUARY 1969. HE BEGAN TO

BRING TROOPS HOME FROM VIETNAM.

•IN 1973, NORTH VIETNAM, SOUTH VIETNAM AND THE UNITED SATES

SIGNED A CEASE-FIRE: (AN AGREEMENT TO STOP THE FIGHTING)

•ONCE THE U.S TROOPS WERE GONE, THE COMMUNISTS BEGAN

ATTACKING AGAIN.

•TWO YEARS LATER, NORTH VIETNAM DEFEATED SOUTH VIETNAM.

IN THE END…•OVER 55,000 AMERICANS HAD DIED.

•THE NATION HAD LOST ITS BATTLE TO STOP

COMMUNISM IN VIETNAM.

•THE VIETNAM WAR DEEPLY DIVIDED PEOPLE AND COST

MANY AMERICANS AND VIETNAMESE LIVES.

Nuclear weapons stockpiles

Espionage