ctep - unit-v - construction equipments pdf

CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENTS

BY

K.R.SHANKAR M.E.,

ASSISTANT PROFESSOR

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

EBET GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS

TRIPPUR DISTRICT

TAMUL NADU, INDIA – 638108

Email ID – [email protected]

Construction Equipments 1

CLASSIFICATION OF CONSTRUCTION

EQUIPMENTS

1. EARTH MOVING EQUIPMENT

2. HAULING EQUIPMENT

3. HOISTING EQUIPMENT

4. CONVEYING EQUIPMENT

5. AGGREGATE AND CONCRETE PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT

6. PILE DRIVING EQUIPMENT

7. TUNNELING AND ROCK DRILLING EQUIPMENT

8. PUMPING AND DEWATERING EQUIPMENT

9. DREDGING EQUIPMENT


FACTORS AFFECTING SELECTION OF

CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT

USE OF EQUIPMENT AVAILABLE WITH THE ORGANIZATION

SUITABILITY FOR JOB CONDITION WITH SPECIAL

REFERENCE TO CLIMATIC AND OPERATING CONDITIONS

UNIFORMITY OF TYPE

SIZE OF EQUIPMENT

USE OF STANDARD EQUIPMENT

COUNTRY OF ORIGIN

UNIT COST OF PRODUCTION

AVAILABILITY OF SPARE PARTS AND SELECTION OF

MANUFACTURERS

SUITABILITY OF LOCAL LABOUR FOR OPERATION

EARTH MOVING EQUIPMENTS:

The equipment which perform excavation,

digging of large quantities of earth , moving them to

distances , placement , compacting, leveling,

dozing, grading, hauling etc., are called earth

moving equipment.

CLASSIFICATION:

EXCAVATING EQUIPMENT

EXCAVATING AND EARTH MOVING EQUIPMENT


FACTORS AFFECTING SELECTION OF EARTH

MOVING EQUIPMENT

VOLUME OF MATERIAL TO BE REMOVED

HEIGHT OF THE EXCAVATION

DISPOSAL OF THE EXCAVATED MATERIAL

DISTANCE OF EXCAVATION SITE TO HAULING UNITS

MATERIAL TO BE REMOVED FROM SITE

TYPE OF SOIL TO BE EXCAVATED

DUARATION OF PROJECT (FOR EXCAVATION)

TYPES OF EARTH EXCAVATION

EQUIPMENTS

1. POWER SHOVEL

2. BACK HOE

3. DRAG LINE

4. CLAM SHELL


POWER SHOVEL

LONG-LASTING.

EXCAVATE ALL TYPES OF EARTH EXCEPT HARD ROCK

TYPES:

WHEEL MOUNTED (HIGH SPEED - FIRM GROUND)

CRAWLER MOUNTED (LOW SPEED - UNSTABLE SOIL)

BASIC PARTS:

* TRACK SYSTEM * CABIN

* CABLES * RACK & STICK

* BOOM FOOT PIN * SADDLE BLOCK

* BOOM POINT SHEAVE * BUCKET ( Size = .375 m3 to 5 m3)


OPERATION:

CABLE CONTROLLED & IT MAKES OUTWARD STROKES WHILE DIGGING.

APPLICATIONS:

CLOSE RANGE OF WORK.

VERY HARD MATERIALS, BIG SIZED BOULDERS.

DIGGING IN GRAVEL BANKS, CLAY PITS, CUTS IN ROAD WORKS, ROAD

SIDE BERMS Etc.,

FACTORS CONTROLLING OUTPUT:

* CLASS OF MATERIAL * DEPTH OF CUTTING

* ANGLE OF SWING * SKILL OF OPERATOR

* SIZE OF HAULING UNITS * JOB CONDITION

POWER SHOVEL


POWER SHOVEL


BACK HOE

• ALSO TERMED AS HOE, BACK SHOVEL AND PULL SHOVEL.

• USED TO EXCAVATE BELOW THE SURFACE OF EQUIPMENT - IT CAVES INTO THE

GROUND.

BASIC PARTS:

* BOOM * JACK BOOM

* BOOM FOOT DRUM * BOOM SHEAVE

* STICK, BUCKET * BUCKET SHEAVE

OPERATION:

• SIMILAR TO SHOVEL EXCEPT IT MAKES INWARD STROKES WHILE DIGGING.

APPLICATION:

• DIGGING BELOW MACHINE LEVEL LIKE TRENCHES, FOOTINGS, BASEMENTS.

• TO TRIM THE SURFACE (DRESSING).


BACK HOE


DRAG LINE

• The drag line is so name because of its prominent

operation of dragging the bucket against the material to

be dug.

• Unlike the shovel, it has a long light crane boom and the

bucket is loosely attached to the boom through cables.

• Because of this construction, a dragline can dig and

dump over larger distances than a shovel can do.

• Drag lines are useful for digging below its track level and

handling softer materials.


DRAG LINE

BASIC PARTS:

* BOOM * HOIST CABLE

* DRAG CABLE * HOIST CHAIN

* DRAG CHAIN * BUCKET

APPLICATIONS:

o Dragging softer material and below its track level

o It is very useful for excavating trenches when the sides are

permitted to establish their angle of repose without shoring.

o It has long reaches.

o Excavation for canals and depositing on the embankment

without hauling units.


FACTORS CONTROLLING OUTPUT:

• TYPE OF MATERIAL

• DEPTH OF CUTTING

• SIZE AND TYPE OF BUCKETS

• SKILL OF OPERATOR

• SIZE OF HAULING UNITS & METHOD

• ANGLE OF SWING

• LENGTH OF CRANE BOOM

• JOB CONDITION

DRAG LINE


DRAG LINE


CLAM SHELL

• This is so named due to resemblance of its bucket to a

clam which is like a shell-fish with hinged double shell.

• The front end is essentially a crane boom with a specially

designed bucket loosely attached at the end through

cables as in a drag line.

• The capacity of a clam shell bucket is usually given in

cubic meters.

• The basic parts of clam shell bucket are the closing line,

hoist line, sheaves, brackets, tagline, shell and hinge.


Application:

• Used for handling loose material such as crushed

stone, sand, gravel, coal etc.

• Main feature is vertical lifting of material from one

location to another.

• Mainly used for removing material from coffer dam,

sewer main holes, well foundations etc.

CLAM SHELL


CLAM SHELL


COMPARISON BETWEEN DIFFERENT TYPES OF

EQUIPMENT

S.No. Items of comparisonPower

shovelBack hoe Drag line Clam shell

1Excavation in hard soil or

rockGood Good Not good Poor

2Excavation in wet soil or

mudPoor Poor

Moderately

good

Moderately

good

3Distance between footing

and diggingSmall Small Long Long

4 Loading efficiency Very good GoodModerately

good

Precise but

slow

5 Footing required Close to work Close to pitFairly away

from pit

Fairly away

from pit

6 Digging level

Digs at or

above footing

level

Digs below

footing level

Digs below

footing level

Digs at or

below footing

level

7 Cycle time Short

Shortly more

than power

shovel

More than

power shovel

More than the

other

equipmentConstruction Equipments 2

7

TYPES OF EXCAVATING AND EARTH

MOVING EQUIPMENT

1. MOTOR GRADERS

2. SCRAPERS

3. BULL DOZERS

4. TRACTORS


MOTOR GRADERS

o THEY MAY BE EITHER TOWED OR MOTORISED.

o USUALLY SELF PROPULSIVE.

CONSTRUCTION:

• FRONT OF THE GRADER FRAME IS SUPPORTED ON A PAIR OF

FRONT WHEELS & REAR ON TANDEM WHEELS.

• CURVED BLADE IS SUPPORTED ON THE CIRCLE AND BE

TURNED THROUGH 360 DEGREE.

• BLADE HAS REPLACEBLE EDGES.

• CUTTING DEPTH - 2-4CMS.


SPEED:

LIGHT DUTY - 6-10 KM/HR.

HEAVY DUTY - 2-3 KM/HR.

NORMAL DUTY - 4-6 KM/HR.

USES:

* GRAVEL ROAD REPAIRING * ROAD SHOULDER RESHAPING

* BANK CUTTING * DITCH FILLING

* BASE COURSE SPREADING * MATERIAL MIXING

* SNOW, LAND CLEARANCE * FROZEN TOP SOIL, ASPHALT

BREAKING

MOTOR GRADERS


MOTOR GRADERS


SCRAPERS

COMPROMISE BETWEEN BEST LOADING AND BEST HAULING

MACHINES

UNIQUE FOR LONG DISTANCE HAULING

IT ITSELF DIGS, HAULS, DEPOSIT THE MATERIALS IN UNIFORM

THICK LAYERS

TYPES:

• CRAWLER TRACTOR PULLED

• WHEEL TRACTOR PULLED

BASIC PARTS:

• BOWL, APRON, EJECTOR (TAIL GATE).Construction Equipments 3

3

CAPACITY:

• HEAPED CAPACITY OF THE BOWL.

OPERATION:

• WHILE DIGGING CUTTING EDGE ENTERS THE GROUND BY

LOWERING THE BOWL, THE FRONT APRON IS RAISED

• EDGE IS RAISED, APRON IS LOWED WHILE HAULING.

• WHILE DUMPING EJECTOR IS USED.

SCRAPERS


SCRAPERS


BULL DOZERS

• VERSATILE EQUIPMENT- ESSENTIALLY A HEAVY STEEL BLADE

MOUNTED ON THE FRONT OF TRACTOR.

CLASSIFICATION BASED ON:

POSITION OF BLADES - PERPENDICULAR BLADES

- BLADES AT AN ANGLE

MOUNTING - WHEEL MOUNTED

- CRAWLER MOUNTED

CONTROL - CABLE CONTROL

- HYDRAULIC CONTROL


CONSTRUCTION:

CONSIST OF HEAVY BLADE WITH CONCAVE PROFILE.

BLADE IS ATTACHED TO THE BODY WITH TWO ARMS, A

SUPPORTING FRAME & HELD BY TWO PUSH ARMS

APPLICATION:

SPREADING EARTH FILL

CLEARING, OPENING UP PILOT ROADS

BACK FILLING TRENCHES

CLEARING CONSTRUCTION SITES

BULL DOZERS


BULL DOZERS


TYPES OF BULL DOZERS BLADE


TRACTORS

MULTI PURPOSE MACHINES MAINLY USED FOR PULLING AND

PUSHING OTHER MACHINES FOR AGRICULTURAL PURPOSES.

TYPES:

1. WHEEL TYPE ( <50 km/Hr )

2. CRAWLER TYPE ( <12 km/Hr )

APPlCATIONS:

CLEARING & EXCAVATING MACHINERY

HAULING & CONVEYING MACHINERY


CRAWLER TRACTOR


WHEEL TRACTOR


COMPARISON BETWEEN CRAWLER AND

WHEELED TRACTORS

CRAWLER TYPE WHEELED TYPE

1. Slow speed 1. Greater speed

2. More compact and powerful and

can handle heavier jobs2. Con handle only lighter jobs

3. Costly 3. Cheaper

4. Cost of operation and

maintenance is high

4. Operational and maintenance cost

is less

5. Stick control for steering 5. Wheel steering control

6. Moves on rough roads only6. Moves on rough as well as good

roads

7. Used for short distances 7.Used for longer distances

8. Requires skillful operation,

maintenance and repairs

8. Lesser skills required for

operations, maintenance and repairsConstruction Equipments 4

9

EARTH COMPACTION

EQUIPMENTS

1. SMOOTH – WHEEL ROLLERS

2. SHEEP – FOOT ROLLERS

3. PNEUMATIC TYRED ROLLERS


SMOOTH – WHEEL ROLLERS:

PLAIN STEEL ROLLERS

SELF – PROPELLED (5 TO 25 TONNES)

NO DEEP COMPACTION

REAR WHEELS ARE LARGER IN DIAMETER AND THE FRONT ONES ARE

WIDER

DIESEL ENGINE TYPE

COMPACTION IS BY STATIC WEIGHT OF ROLLER

SUITABILITY:

GRANULAR SOILS

SAND

GRAVEL

CRUSHED STONES


SMOOTH WHEEL ROLLER


SHEEP – FOOT ROLLERS

HOLLOW STEEL DRUM WITH PROJECTED FEET MOUNTED AT

100 TO 200 MMC/C

WEIGHT - 15 TONNES

SPEED - 25 KM/HR

COMPACTION IS BY KNEADING ACTION

IN CONVERTIBLE ROLLERS THE FOOT PLATE CAN BE

REMOVED

IN TURN FOOT ROLLERS THE INDIVIDUAL SHEEP FOOT CAN

BE CHANGED

SUITABILITY:

CLAY, PREDOMINANTLY COHESIVE AND IMPERVIOUS SOIL


PNEUMATIC TYRED ROLLERS

CONSISTS OF A BASE PLATFORM MOUNTED BETWEEN TWO

AXLES

TRACKS OF THE REAR WHEEL LIE INBETWEEN THE TRACKS

OF THE FRONT WHEEL

COMPACTION IS BY CONTROLLING THE GROUND CONTACT

PRESSURE

WEIGHT OR WIDTH OF THE WHEEL CAN BE SUITABLY

INCREASED

SUITABILITY:

FINE GRAINED AND WELL GRADED SANDS


PNEUMATIC TYRED ROLLER


PILE DRIVING EQUIPMENT

• PILE IS A STRUCTURAL MEMBER DRIVEN INTO THE GROUND

FOR THE PURPOSE OF TRANSFERRING SURFACE LOADS

• THEY ARE EFFECTIVE AT AN ECONOMICAL COST

EQUIPMENTS NEEDED:

PILE DRIVEN RIGS

1. SKID MOUNTED 2. CRANE MOUNTED 3. FLOATING RIGS

GUIDE LEADERS

PILE DRIVING HAMMERS

ADDITIONAL AIDS FOR PREBORING, JEETING ETC.,

BOILER FOR STEAM RAISING OR AIR COMPRESSOR.


PILE DRIVEN RIGS

• Pile Driving Rigs provide basic operation of lifting the pile,

holding the pile in position, hammering it into the ground

or of pulling it out of the ground and guiding the pile in the

desired direction of movements.

• It supports the boom, the winch, mechanism, driving

hammer, the guiding leaders and a platform for mounting

the auxiliary equipment such as jet pumps, drilling auger

etc.,Construction Equipments 6

1

SKID MOUNTED RIGS


CRANE MOUNTED RIGS


FLOATING RIGS


GUIDING LEADERS

• The leaders guide the pile and the hammer during

operation which extents to the entire height of the

rigs.

• In case pile driven below the rigs in to excavations or

trenches extensible leaders are used.

• It enable hammer to deliver blow axially to pile.


GUIDING LEADERS


TYPES OF HAMMERS

1. DROP HAMMER:

o No external source needed.

o Mechanism to lift the hammer

by a cable.

o Drop it by gravity only.

o Solid mass of Metal or Cast

Iron of weight – 1 to 4 Tonnes

o Height of Fall – 1.5 to 6 m

o No. of blows – 4 to 8 per min

o It is slow process but efficient.

o Not in use now.


2. SINGLE ACTING HAMMER:

o The hammer is lifted by

steam or compressed air.

o Drop it by gravity only.

o Weight – 2 Tonnes

o Height of Fall – 1 m

o No. of blows – 60 per min


3. DOUBLE ACTING HAMMER:

o The hammer is lifted &

lowered by steam or

compressed air.

o Weight – 500 kg

o Effect will be like 3 Tonnes

o No. of blows – 100 to 200

per min


4. DIFFERENTIAL ACTING HAMMER:

o The hammer is modified form of double acting

hammer.

o Weight – 2 Tonnes

o Height of Fall – 1 m

o No. of blows – 100 to 200 per min

o Same pile can be driven with in ½ time saving

30% of steam.


5. DIESEL HAMMER:

o The hammer imparts

Compression, Impact and

Explosion energy to the

pile.


6. VIBRATORY HAMMER:

• Very effective in driving piles

through non cohesive granular

soils.

• Pile is driven by making vibration.

• The vibration can be produced by

electrically / hydraulically.

• Penetration rates can approach up

to 20 m/min in moderately dense

granular soils.

• It can be used with another

methods also.Construction Equipments 77

HAULING EQUIPMENTS

HAULING IS DEFINED AS MOVEMENT OF MATREIALS FROM

ONE PLACE TO ANOTHER PLACE.

EQUIPMENTS USED FOR THIS PROCESS IS HAULING

EQUIPMENTS.

TYPES:

DUMP TRUCKS

DUMPERS


DUMP TRUCKS

TYPES:

1. SIDE DUMP TRUCK

2. BOTTOM DUMP TRUCKS

SIDE DUMP TRUCK:

DUMPING IS THROUGH THE SIDES OF THE TRUCK

SUITABLE FOR HAULING WET CLAY, SAND, GRAVEL, QUARRY

ROCKS.

BOTTOM DUMP TRUCK:

DUMPING IS BY OPENING THE BOTTOM OF THE TRUCK

SUITABLE FOR FREE FLOWING MATERIALS SUCH AS SAND,

GRAVEL, DRY EARTH, HARD CLAY.


SIDE DUMP TRUCKS


BOTTOM DUMP TRUCKS


DUMPERS

HIGH SPEED PNEUMATIC WHEELED TRUCKS WITH

SHORT CHASIS AND STRONG BODIES.

SUITABLE FOR SHORT HAULS ON ROUGH ROADS

AND SPECIALLY WHERE A SHUTTLE MOVEMENT IS

REQUIRED.


EQUIPMENTS FOR

MATERIAL

HANDLING &

ERECTION OF

STRUCTURES


TYPES OF HANDLING DEVICES OR

HOISTING EQUIPMENTS

VERTICAL MOTION DEVICES

1. BLOCK AND TACKLE

* Oldest & Simplest one.

* Use only mechanical power.

* Inexpensive device.

* But, Waste of manpower.


BLOCK AND TACKLE


TYPES OF HANDLING DEVICES


2. WINCH

* By winding rope or cable on

drum vertical movement is obtained.

* Greater mechanical advantages

than Block and Tackle.

* Used to load heavy equipment

in to ships etc.,


WINCH




3. HOISTS

* Operated b/w fixed guide rails.

* Operated by Hand, Compressed

air or by electric power.

* Same as elevators but operator

does not go up but operated from one

point to others.




4. ELEVATORS

* Same as Hoists but operator

can go up with the load.

* Electrical type elevator is best.

* If not Hydraulic type elevator is

used.



HORIZONTAL MOTION DEVICES

1. HAND TRUCKS

* Simplest one still in use.

* Require large manpower to use.

* Advantages are small cost,

flexibility, easy transportation from one

place to another place.


HAND TRUCKS




2. NARROW GAUGE RAIL ROAD

* Very Expensive.

* Used in industries like blast

furnace, copper refineries, steel

rolling operations etc.,




3. TRACTORS & TRAILORS

* Most widely used.

* Different tailors can be attached

to tractors.

* Less costly than narrow gauge

rail.




4. SKIDS

* Wheeled or Plain trollies over

which materials are loaded and picked up

by lift trucks.

* Used to transfer load from

position to position.




4. PIPELINE

* Pipeline and pumps are used for

horizontal transportation of materials.

* Used to transfer fluids and

gaseous material.



COMBINATION DEVICES

1. CHUTE

* Used for both horizontal and

vertical movements.

* May be straight or spiral forms.

* Used in Packing industry,

Railway & Air terminals.


CHUTE



COMBINATION DEVICES

2. LIFT TRUCK

* Same as Skids but provide

large platform to lift & place materials.

* Uses mechanical power to

move materials from one place to

other.



COMBINATION DEVICES

3. FORK LIFT TRUCK

* It is provided with fork which

receives the load at G.L. & elevates

hydraulically to desired height.

* No need of Manual lifting.

* Self loading & unloading.


COMBINATION DEVICES

4. CRANES

* USED IN CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS, SHIPPING, INDUSTRIES ETC.

* THEY MAY BE ELECTRICALLY OPERATED, DIESEL OPERATED OR

DIESEL-ELECTRIC DRIVE.

CLASSIFICATION:

* DERRICK CRANES.

* MOBILE CRANES.

* OVERHEAD OR GANTRY CRANES.

* TRAVELLER CRANES.

* TOWER CRANES.



DERRICK CRANES

PARTS:

* MAST * BOOM * BULL WHEEL.

TYPES:

* GUY-DERRICK * STIFF LEG DERRICK.

OPERATION:

• THE BOOM CAN REVOLVE THROUGH 360 DEGREE.

• IT CAN CARRY LOADS UPTO 200 TONS.

• WHEN THE LOAD IS LESS THAN 50 TONS GUY ROPES ARE

REPLACED BY TRUSSED STRUCTURE.

• STIFF LEG DERRICK CAN CARRY 7- 50 TONS.Construction Equipments 1

02

DERRICK CRANES

USES:

• LOADING AND UNLOADING CARGOES AT PORTS.

• TO HANDLE LOOSE MATERIALS LIKE SAND, BALLAST, COAL.

• IN CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS, INDUSTRIAL, MULTISTOREYED

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION.

• PLANT ERRECTION.


DERRICK CRANE


MOBILE CRANE

THEY ARE EITHER CRAWLER MOUNTED OR WHEEL MOUNTED.

CRAWLER MOUNTED ARE HIGHLY MANEOUVERABILE AND

OPERATE ON UNMADE GROUND.

SUITABLE FOR ROUGH TERRAINS.

OPERATE IN A LIMITED AREA.

TRUCK MOUNTED CRANES HAVE HIGH MOBILITY.

SPEED - 70-75 KM/HR.

LOAD – 3 TO 160 TONS.


MOBILE CRANE


OVERHEAD OR GANTRY CRANE

USED FOR HANDLING LOADS OVER A LONG RECTANGULAR

AREA.

IT CONSISTS OF BRIDGE WHICH IS FIXED BY TWO GANTRY

GRIDERS AT TH ENDS SUPPORTED BY TRAM WHEELS.

NEXT THE CRAB CONSITS OF HOISTING GEAR MOUNTED ON

FRAME OF BRIDGE.

FRAME ITSELF MOUNTED ON ANOTHER SET OF WHEELS TO

MOVE ALONG MAIN GRIDERS.

USED IN STORAGE, ERECTION, FOUNDRY, STEELPALNTS ETC.,


OVER HEAD CRANE


0

OVER HEAD CRANE


OVER HEAD CRANE


2

TRAVELLER CRANE

THESE HAVE THEIR CRABS MOVING ON GIRDERS SUPPORTED

ON LEGS INSTEAD OF GRATRY TRUCKS AS USED IN THE

OVERHEAD CRANES.

THE LEGS ARE CAPABLE OF MOVING ON TRACKS LAID ON THE

FLOOR.

USED IN DUMPING YARDS, CASTING YARDS, ERECTION

INDUSTRIES ETC.,


3

TRAVELLER CRANE


4

TRAVELLER CRANE


5

TOWER CRANE

IT HAS A TRUSS STRUCTURE WELDED FROM ANGLE BARS

AND CHANNELS.

LADDERS ARE PROVIDED FOR EASE.

THEY CAN BE ASSEMBLED AND DISMENTLED.

USED IN INDUSTRAIL AND RESIDENTAIL HIGH RISE BUILDING.

ALSO COMMONLY USED IN INDUTRIAL PLANTS WITH STEEL

STRUCTURES.


6

TOWER CRANE


7

TOWER CRANE


8

COMBINATION DEVICES

5. CONVEYORS

* TRANSMITTING MATERIALS OVER A STATIONARY STRUCTURE IN

CONTINOUS STREAM.

* ADVANTAGES:

* INCREASES OUTPUT

* CONTINUITY IN OPERATION

* TIME SAVING (NO WAITING PERIODS)

* TYPES:

* BELT CONVEYOR

* SCREW CONVEYOR

* BUCKET CONVEYOR



9

BELT CONVEYOR

* MOST POPULAR

* CONSISTS OF A BELT RUNNING OVER A PAIR OF END

DRUMS SUPPORTED BY A SERIES OF ROLLERS CALLED IDLERS

* MIDDLE SAG IS PROVIDED TO PREVENT THE SPILLING OF

MATERIALS

ADVANTAGES:

* CAN HANDLE LIGHT,HEAVY, DRY, WET, SOFT, COARSE

MATERIALS

* HIGH SPEED

* CARRIES HORIZONTALLY AND INCLINED

* LIGHTER IN WEIGHT

* CONTROLLED DISCHARGEConstruction Equipments 1

20

BELT CONVEYOR


BELT CONVEYOR

BARROSO, BRAZIL - 7.2 KILOMETER - LONGEST BELT CONVEYOR


SCREW CONVEYOR

* USED FOR HANDLING GRANULAR OR PULVARISED MATERIALS

* QUANTITY IS LESS COMPARED TO BELT CONVEYOR.

* LOW COST

* CONSISTS OF A HELIX MOUNTED ON A BEARING AT THE ENDS

AND AT INTERMEDIATE POINTS

* LENGTH IS 65M WITH AN INCLINATION UPTO 35 DEGREES


SCREW CONVEYOR


BUCKET CONVEYORS

* MATERIAL IS TRANSFERRED THROUGH A

SERIES OF BUCKETS.

* LENGTH IS LIMITED TO 25M.

* WEIGHT DEPENDS UPON THE STRENGTH

OF CHAINS.

* MAINLY USED FOR HANDLING COAL.


BUCKET CONVEYORS


AERIAL TRANSPORTATION

1. CABLEWAYS

* USED IN EXCAVATION WORK OF DAMS, QUARRIES,CONSTRUCTION

ETC.,

* LOADS ARE HOISTED AND MOVED VERTICALLY.

* ALSO USED IN TRANSPORTING CONCRTETE OVER LARGE AREA.

2. ROPEWAYS

* LONG DISTANCE MOVEMENT

* ENDLESS ROPE WITH TWO EN TOWERS AND SUPPORTED BY

SERIES OF PULLEY MOUNTED ON INTERMEDIATE TOWER.

* SEPARATE HANDLING AND SUPPORT RPOES.



CABLEWAYS & ROPEWAYS


BATCHING, MIXING

AND PLACING OF

CONCRETE


BATCHERS

PROPORTIONATING THE INGREDIENTS OF CONCRETE FOR A

PARTICULAR MIX.

WEIGH BATCHING IS COMMONLY USED.

TYPES:

1. MANUAL BATCHING

2. SEMI - AUTOMATIC BATCHING

3. AUTOMATIC BATCHING


CONCRETE BATCHER


CONCRETE MIXERS

MIXING ALL THE INGREDIENTS OF CONCRETE TO MAKE A MIX OF SPECIFIED

CONSISTENCY

FACTORS GOVERNING MIXING:

CORRECT SETTING OF MACHINE

PROPER CLEANING OF BLADES

SEQUENCE OF MATERIAL CHARGED

TIMELY SUPPLY OF WATER

DIRECTION OF IN - FLOW

SPEED AND TIME OF MIXING

TYPES:

DRUM TYPE MIXERS - TILTING & NON - TILTING

PAN TYPE MIXERS


CONCRETE PLACERS

USUALLY DONE THROUGH BUCKETS CARRIED ON RAIL

ROADS OR TRACKS.

DUMP TRUCKS AND BELT CONVEYORS ARE ALSO USED.

CABLE WAYS CAN BE USED OR THE HOISTING OF

BUCKETS MAY BE DONE WITH THE HELP OF CRANES.


CONCRETE PLACERS


DREDGING

EQUIPMENTS


DREDGERS

USED FOR EXCAVATION FROM RIVER BED, LAKE, SEA FOR

THE PURPOSE OF DEEPENING THEM.

TYPES:

1. DIPPER DREDGER

2. BACK HOE DREDGER

3. BUCKET OR LADDER DREDGER

4. SUCTION DREDGER

5. GRAB DREDGER


DIPPER DREDGER

IT IS USUALY MOUNTED ON A FLOATING PLATFORM

THE BOOM CAN ROTATE THROUGH 180 DEGREES

PRODUCTION RATE - 50 CU.M/HR

BUCKET SIZE - 4 T0 6 CU.M

DUMPING RANGE - 30 M

DEPTH - 15 M

SUITABLE FOR ROCK MATERIAL, DREDGING CALY &

CONFIND SPACES OF DOCKS AND NARROW CHANNELS

LOW PRODUCTION RATE & LESS DEPTH.


DIPPER DREDGER


BACK HOE DREDGER

IT IS USUALY MOUNTED ON A FLOATING PLATFORM

PRODUCTION RATE - 100 - 400 CU.M/HR

BUCKET SIZE - 1 T0 6 CU.M

DEPTH - 18 M

SUITABLE FOR ROCK MATERIAL, TRENCHES ETC.,


BACK HOE DREDGER


LADDER DREDGER

IT IS EQUIPPED WITH BUCKET ELEVATOR MOUNTED ON A

BARGE.

PARTS – CABLE ARRAGEMENT, WHEEL & CONTAINERS.

IT IS SUSPENDED ON A STEEL LADDER.

SUITABLE FOR EXCAVATING SOFT GROUND, SAND OR

GRAVEL.


LADDER DREDGER


GRAB DREDGER

IT IS EQUIPED WITH GRAB SUSPENDED BY A CABLE.

GRAB IS EXTENDED BY OPERTAING BOOM OF A CRANE.

DREDGER HAS 1 TO 4 BOOM CRANES MOUNTED ON IT.

SUITABLE FOR EXCAVATING SOFT GROUND, SAND OR

GRAVEL AND ROCK REMOVAL ALSO.


GRAB DREDGER


SUCTION DREDGER

SIMILAR IN OPERATION EXCEPT IT CONSISTS OF A PUMP

EXCAVATOR MOUNTED ON A BARGE WITH SUCTION LINE,

SUPPORTED ON A LADDER.

PLAIN SUCTION DREDGER

* FREE RUNING GRANULAR MATERIAL

CUTTER SUCTION DREDGER

* 3000 CU.M / HR OUTPUT CAPACITY & 6 KM PUMPING RANGE

WHEEL SUCTION DREDGER

* 200 TO 36000 CU.M / HR OUTPUT CAPACITY

TRAILOR SUCTION DREDGER

* 300 TO 11000 CU.M/HR OUTPUT CAPACITY & DEPTH –10 TO 30 M


TRENCHERS


WHEEL TRENCHERS

CONSISTS OF A PAIR OF CIRCULAR RIMS CONNECTED BY U

SHAPED BUCKETS OR CUTTERS.

SELF PROPELLED.

THE EXCAVATING DEVICE IS CONNECTED TO A MEANS OF

CONVEYING.

WIDTH - 12 M

DEPTH - 3 M

OPERATION:

* CABLE DRIVE


WHEEL TRENCHERS

USES:

FOR LAYING

WATER, GAS, OIL PIPE LINES

TELEPHONE CABLES

DRAINAGE

SEWERS


WHEEL TRENCHERS


LADDER TYPE TRENCHERS

SIMILAR TO WHEEL TRENCHER EXCEPT BUCKETS ARE PROVIDED

WITH CHAIN LINKS ON LADDER TYPE FRAME OR BOOM.

ADVANTAGES:

1. FASTER AND CHEAPER.

2. DIGS NECESSARY DEPTH.

3. CONTINUOUS PROCESS.


TUNNELING EQUIPMENTS

ROCK DRILLING EQUIPMENTS:

* PRECUSSION TYPE

* ROTATRY TYPE

1. JACK HAMMER:

* HANDY EQUIPMENT

* WEIGHT – 25 KG

* DEPTH - 2.5 M TO 3 M

2. DRIFTER:

* HEAVY ROCK DRILLERS

* WEIGHT – 45 TO 70 KG

* DEPTH - 9 M TO 12 M



ROCK DRILLING EQUIPMENTS:

3. TRUCK MOUNTED DRILL:

* TRUCK MOUNTED

* EASY MOBILITY

* DEPTH – 15 M

* HOLES ALONG ANGLE &

VERTICALLY DOWN



TUNNEL BORING MACHINE:


REFERENCES

Purushothama Raj.P “Construction Techniques Equipment and

Practices”, Sri Krishna Hitech Publishing Company Pvt. Ltd,

Chennai, June 2016.

Seetharaman.S , Chinnamsamy.M “Construction Techniques,

Equipment and Practices”, Anuradha Publictions, Chennai, 2015.

Sharma S.C. “Construction Equipment and Management”, Khanna

Publishers New Delhi, 2002.


ctep - unit-v - construction equipments pdf

Engineering