'(% ?$ H;@5;@73G 7F 4 $ 7D975

;;$ ~ @^cTb

>7 5A@F7@F;7GJ 47>9A#L3ÉDA;E

6neT[^__T\T]cb anRT]cb

B3 D

BXTaaT =>7;@

3 b _ X a P ] c 8$@$D$E$

3 E E ;E F 3 @ F } > 3 8 3 5 G > F j 6 7 6 D A ;F

6 7 > ÇG @ ;H 7 D E ;F j 6 7 4 D G J 7 > > 7 E

&$ >Tb aT[PcX^]b `dT [P 4T[VX`dT P T]caTcT]dTb ST_dXb ca^Xb SnRT]]XTb PeTR

[P _[db X\_^acP]cT ST bTb P]RXT]]Tb R^[^]XTb PUaXRPX]Tb ^]c ncn n\PX[[nTb ST

]^\QaTdg R^]U[Xcb$ 6ob &.+* Tc [ÇPRRTbbX^] Pd _^de^Xa Sd _anbXST]c ?^Qdcd"

[Tb STdg _Phb T]cP\T]c STb ePaXPcX^]b bda [T cWo\T { <T cÇPX\T" \^X ]^]

_[db |" `dX bT b^]c _^dabdXeXTb Ydb`dÇk [Çn_^`dT PRcdT[[T$ AbRX[[P]c T]caT [P

e^[^]cn ST \PX]cT]Xa ST Q^]]Tb aT[PcX^]b PeTR d] {_PacT]PXaT _aXeX[nVXn | Tc

RT[[T ST UPXaT cPQ[T aPbT STb eTbcXVTb ST [P R^[^]XbPcX^]" [P Dn_dQ[X`dT Sd

5^]V^" _dXb Sd LPraT" P _[db SÇd]T U^Xb aT\Xb T] RPdbT [Tb PRR^aSb `dX [P

[XPXT]c k [P 4T[VX`dT &!$ >Tb STa]XTab n_Xb^STb X\_^acP]cb ST RT `dX P__PaPqc

_PaU^Xb _[db R^\\T d] _bhRW^SaP\T `dT R^\\T ST enaXcPQ[Tb aT[PcX^]b

X]cTancPcX`dTb bT b^]c Sna^d[nb T]caT ^Rc^QaT &.-- Tc YdX[[Tc &..%$ ;[ bÇPVXaP

_[db _^da ]^db ST _anbT]cTa XRX [Tb UPXcb Tc [Tb anPRcX^]b `dÇX[b ^]c bdbRXcnTb

ST [P _Pac STb _^de^Xab [nVXb[PcXU Tc TgnRdcXU QT[VTb ;!" PX]bX `dT ST SnVPVTa

[Tb _aX]RX_P[Tb `dTbcX^]b ST Sa^Xc b^d[TenTb _Pa [T R^]U[Xc ;;! `dT ST ]^db

[XeaTa k d]T P]P[hbT YdaXSX`dT P__a^U^]SXT ST RT[dX#RX$ 5T RW^Xg ]^db Tbc

X\_^bn _Pa d]T aTbcaXRcX^] ST [ÇPRRob Pdg _aX]RX_Pdg cTgcTb `dX ^]c U^a\P#

[Xbn [Tb \^SP[Xcnb STb ]^deT[[Tb aT[PcX^]b QT[V^#iPra^XbTb '! PX]bX `dÇk RTa#

cPX]b S^bbXTab ST _aT\XoaT X\_^acP]RT (!$

&! A] aP__T[[TaP T]caT PdcaTb `dT [P Dn_dQ[X`dT Sd 5^]V^ P aTUdbn SÇP__[X`dTa [Tb PRR^aSb

ST &.+* Sob [ÇP]]nT `dX P bdXeX [Tda R^]R[dbX^]" `dT [T LPraT P Sn]^]Rn T] &.,) [T caPXcn SÇP\XcXn

QT[V^#iPra^Xb Sd '. YdX] &.,%" `dT _[dbXTdab PRR^aSb QX[PcnaPdg ^]c ncn eX^[nb ^d aT\Xb T] RPdbT

Pd R^dab ST [P RaXbT ncdSXnT XRX$

'! 5^\\T ^] [T eTaaP _[db QPb" [ÇP__[XRPcX^] STb PRR^aSb ST DPQPc Tc STb PRR^aSb Sd ', \Pab

&..% P ncn bdb_T]SdT caob aP_XST\T]c P_aob [Tda bXV]PcdaT$ 5Tb cTgcTb ]Ç^]c Sob [^ab _Pb ncn b^d#

\Xb k [ÇP__a^QPcX^] Sd BPa[T\T]c QT[VT Tc ST\TdaT]c R^]UXST]cXT[b k [ ÇWTdaT PRcdT[[T$

(! 5ÇTbc bdac^dc [T RPb STb X]U^a\PcX^]b aT[PcXeTb k [P eT]cT ST [ daP]Xd\ R^]V^[PXb _Pa [P 4T[#

VX`dT e$ FKCO> #

'(' ?$ H;@5;@73G 7F 4 $ 7D975

4T[VX`dT P ^_cn" k [ÇnVPaS Sd LPraT" _^da [Çd]T STb ca^Xb U^a\d[Tb SnVPVnTb

[^ab Sd E^\\Tc / [ÇPYdbcT\T]c ST [P c^cP[Xcn ST [P STccT ncP[n bda '* P]b

PeTR d]T _naX^ST ST ValRT ST &* P]b Tc d] cPdg SÇX]cnapc Pdg R^]SXcX^]b Sd

\PaRWn$ 5TccT U^a\d[T ]T R^]cXT]c PdRd] n[n\T]c ST [XQnaP[Xcn$ >Tb

nRWnP]RTb R^]RTa]P]c [Tb T\_ad]cb SÇjcPc k 7cPc b^]c aT\XbTb _^da d]T

_naX^ST ST SXg P]b$ B^da [T LPraT" RTccT \TbdaT n`dXePdc k d]T anSdRcX^]

ST bP STccT bT RWXUUaP]c k d] _TcXc \X[[XPaS" b^Xc d] RX]`dXo\T ST bP STccT

_dQ[X`dT SÇ7cPc k 7cPc$ ?PXb RT[P ]T R^ucT aXT] k [P 4T[VX`dT Tc ]ÇTUUPRT _Pb

[P STccT ,!$

*$ >P SnR[PaPcX^] ST ?$ ?PacT]b aT[PcXeT Pdg SXaXVTP]cb iPra^Xb STePXc"

T[[T PdbbX" bdbRXcTa STb anPRcX^]b T] bT]b SXeTab" Td nVPaS Pdg _an^RRd_PcX^]b

`dX PePXT]c ncn ST_dXb [^]VcT\_b Tg_aX\nTb T] 4T[VX`dT Pd bdYTc Sd aTb_TRc

STb Sa^Xcb ST [P _Tab^]]T Pd LPraT$ 3X]bX" k [P 5WP\QaT" ?$ =T\_X]PXaT aP_#

_T[[T Pd BaT\XTa \X]XbcaT `dT [T 5T]caT ]PcX^]P[ ST R^^_naPcX^] Pd SneT[^_#

_T\T]c [dX PePXc ST\P]Sn$

{SÇPe^Xa" Pd ]^\ Sd V^deTa]T\T]c QT[VT" d] T]caTcXT] PeTR [Tb Pdc^aXcnb iPr#a X̂bTb Tc ST _a^cTbcTa R^]caT STb RPb R^]RaTcb ST eX^[PcX^] \P]XUTbcT$ 3dbbXM?$ ?PacT]b P#c#X[N Su aTbbT]cXa R^\\T d] RP\^dU[Tc [P SnR[PaPcX^] Sd _anbX#ST]c iPra X̂b bT[^] `dX [T \^]ST ^RRXST]cP[ PePXc X]eT]cn [Tb Sa^Xcb ST [ÇW^\\TPd \^\T]c ^t X[ bT Sn_PacXbbPXc ST b^] _Pbbn R^[^]XP[$ | 7c [T Sn_dcn STR^]bcPcTa `dT {_Pb _[db `dÇT] &.-& M[^ab ST [P _anRnST]cT eXbXcT ST ?$ ?Pa#cT]bN" [P `dTbcX^] STb Sa^Xcb ST [ÇW^\\T ]ÇP ncn PQ^aSnT | -!$

>T SnQPc bda RTccT `dTbcX^] ]ÇTbc _Pb ]^deTPd .!" \PXb [P RaXbT QT[V^#iPr#

a^XbT anen[TaP" T]caT RTccT X]cTa_T[[PcX^] ST &.-- Tc [Tb _aXbTb ST _^bXcX^]

^UUXRXT[[Tb ST &..%" d]T X]cnaTbbP]cT ne^[dcX^] ST [P _^[XcX`dT QT[VT T] [P

\PcXoaT &%!$

>T LPraT anPVXc k RTb RaXcX`dTb _Td ST cT\_b P_aob" T] SnR[PaP]c aT]^]#

RTa k c^dcT aT\XbT ST STccT" Tc _a^cTbcT R^]caT [P { RP\_PV]T ST Sn]XVaT#

\T]c | S^]c X[ Tbc [Ç^QYTc T] 4T[VX`dT$ >T (% ]^eT\QaT &.--" [T V^deTa]T#

\T]c iPra^Xb UPXc _PaeT]Xa Pdg Pdc^aXcnb QT[VTb d] \n\^aP]Sd\ ST\P]SP]c

[ÇP__[XRPcX^] bcaXRcT Tc PQb^[dT Sd _aX]RX_T ST anRX_a^RXcn SP]b c^db [Tb

S^\PX]Tb" _ane^hP]c [ÇT]e^X SÇd]T \XbbX^] ST R[PaXUXRPcX^] T] 4T[VX`dT Tc

T]Y^XV]P]c k c^dcTb [Tb T]caT_aXbTb aT[TeP]c Sd _^acTUTdX[[T ST [ÇjcPc iPra^Xb

,! 1?FA# -! ;]cTa_T[[PcX^] ST ? $ =T\_X]PXaT k [P 5WP\QaT" bnP]RT Sd &, ]^eT\QaT &.--" +4#)#!

_$ *,$ >T _^X]c Sd edT STb [XQnaPdg UaP]R^_W^]Tb bda RTccT `dTbcX^] Tbc `dT[`dT _Td SXUUnaT]c"

PX]bX `dÇX[ aTbb^ac ST [ÇX]cTaeT]cX^] ST ?$ ;5dQ[P" `dX caPRT T] [P \PcXoaT d] _PaP[[o[T T]caT [ÇPccX#

cdST STb V^deTa]P]cb QT[VTb Tc RT[[T Sd BanbXST]c ST [P Dn_dQ[X`dT UaP]mPXbT /

{$$$ _Tab^]]T XRX ]ÇP ST [Tm^] k S^]]Ta k 8aP]m^Xb ?XccTaaP]S T] RT `dX R^]RTa]T [Tb Sa^Xcb ST

[ W^\\T M$$$N \PXb bÇT\QPaaPbbT#c#X[ ST c^dcTb e^b bT]bXQX[Xcnb Pd \^\T]c ^t [ Ç^] SXbRdcT d] T]YTd

PdbbX X\_^acP]c `dT RT[dX Sd LPraT 2 | ;]cTa_T[[PcX^] ST ?$ =dQ[P k [P 5WP\QaT" bnP]RT Sd

'% SnRT\QaT &.--" )#6#" _$ -,+!$

.! H$ T$P$ 5Wa^]X`dTb EP[\^]#HX]RX]TPd" ]v &)*+" RTccT 7BSRB! &.-&#&.-'" __$ ++% k ++(" EP[#

X]^]" ]v &+-&" RTccT 7BSRB" &.-)#&.-*" _$ )&)$

&%! H$ FKCO>#

>7 5A@F7@F;7GJ 47>9A#L3É7A;E '((

ST caP]bUnaTa [Tda aT_anbT]cPcX^] T] 4T[VX`dT W^ab Sd D^hPd\T &&!$ ;[

P]]^]RT T] ^dcaT [T caP]bUTac STb R^\_cTb _dQ[XRb SP]b STb QP]`dTb TgR[dbX#

eT\T]c iPra^XbTb &'! Tc [Ç^Q[XVPcX^] _^da [Tb ncdSXP]cb iPra^Xb _anbT]cb T]

4T[VX`dT ST `dXccTa [T _Phb" RT `dX c^dRWTaPXc *+', RXc^hT]b iPra^Xb &(!$

,$ >T '. SnRT\QaT &.--" [T \X]XbcaT QT[VT ST [P 5^^_naPcX^] Pd SneT[^_#

_T\T]c" ?$ 9TT]b" P__^acT Pd V^deTa]T\T]c iPra^Xb [P an_^]bT Pd \n\^#

aP]Sd\ Sd (% ]^eT\QaT$ 7[[T SnUX]Xc [Tb VaP]Sb PgTb ST [P _^[XcX`dT QT[VT

k [ÇnVPaS Sd LPraT Tc _a^_^bT d]T capeT ST ca^Xb \^Xb SP]b [T R^]U[Xc `dX

^__^bT [Tb STdg _Phb &)!$ 7[[T bTaP `dP[XUXnT d[cnaXTdaT\T]c _Pa [T \X]XbcaT

STb 3UUPXaTb ncaP]VoaTb" ?$ Fr]ST\P]b" ST { RWPacT ]^] R^[^]XP[T | _anR^]X#

bP]c d] SXP[^VdT T]caT { STdg _Phb b^deTaPX]b" `dX aTb_TRcT]c [Tda SXV]Xcn

aTb_TRcXeT" [Tda Sa^Xc k [P SXUUnaT]RT" R^]U^a\n\T]c k [Tda XST]cXcn" k [Tda

PdcWT]cXRXcn | 0 [P 4T[VX`dT h PS\Tc nVP[T\T]c [T _aX]RX_T ST [P ]^]#X]Vn#

aT]RT SP]b [Tb PUUPXaTb X]cnaXTdaTb S Çd] PdcaT 7cPc &*!$ A] h ca^deT PdbbX

d]T _a^_^bXcX^] SÇd]T R^]UnaT]RT aPbbT\Q[P]c k =X]bWPbP Pd \^Xb SÇPeaX[

c^db [Tb \X]XbcaTb QT[VTb Tc iPra^Xb R^]RTa]nb$

-$ >T ( YP]eXTa &.-." [Tb Pdc^aXcnb iPra^XbTb _^acT]c k [P R^]]PXbbP]RT Sd

V^deTa]T\T]c QT[VT `dT STdg STb `dPcaT e^[b WTQS^\PSPXaTb ST [P EPQT]P

eTab =X]bWPbP ncPXT]c bd__aX\nb Tc `dT [T Sn_[PRT\T]c k BPaXb Sd bXoVT

QadgT[[^Xb SÇ3Xa#LPraT bTaPXc TUUTRcXU [T * YP]eXTa &+!$ } b^] aTc^da Sd LPraT"

[T ) YP]eXTa" ?$ 9TT]b SnR[PaT c^dcTU^Xb `dT [P R^^_naPcX^] PeTR [T LPraT Tbc

\PX]cT]dT Tc `dT [P R^[oaT STb Pdc^aXcnb iPra^XbTb" Tc Sd _anbXST]c ?^Qdcd

T] _PacXRd[XTa" P TbbT]cXT[[T\T]c ncn _a^e^`dnT _Pa STb PacXR[Tb ST _aTbbT

_Padb T] 4T[VX`dT &,!$ >T BanbXST]c iPra^Xb Tg_aX\TaP _dQ[X`dT\T]c b^]

\nR^]cT]cT\T]c `dT[`dTb Y^dab _[db cPaS T] b^dWPXcP]c SP]b d] SXbR^dab

`dT [P _aTbbT QT[VT bÇ^RRd_T { Sd D^X" Sd V^deTa]T\T]c Tc STb X]bcXcdcX^]b

_^[XcX`dTb QT[VTb Tc ]^] STb Pdc^aXcnb Tc Sd _Td_[T Sd LPraT" `dX ]ÇTbc _[db

d]T R^[^]XT Tc `dX aTUdbT c^dcT X]VnaT]RT Tc c^dcT X\\XgcX^] SP]b bTb

PUUPXaTb X]cnaXTdaTb| &-!$ >T . YP]eXTa &.-." ?$ ?^Qdcd ^deaT [Tb caPePdg

Sd R^\Xcn RT]caP[ Sd ?$B$D$ T] bcXV\PcXbP]c { [Tb R^]bXSnaPcX^]b UdcX[Tb bda

[Tb Sa^Xcb ST [ÇW^\\T Pd LPraT n\XbTb bX b^deT]c _Pa d] _Phb `dX ]ÇP [PXbbn

SP]b b^] P]RXT]]T R^[^]XT PdRd]T caPSXcX^] T] [P \PcXoaT |$ ;[ X]e^`dT PdbbX

[P STccT \^aP[T ST [P 4T[VX`dT k [ÇnVPaS ST b^] _Phb" _anbT]cP]c UX]P[T\T]c

[P SncaTbbT nR^]^\X`dT ST b^] _Phb R^\\T [T UadXc SÇd]T caob P]RXT]]T

&&! -@EL AB I> *LROPB! && YP]eXTa &.-.$

&'! 5T `dX _a^SdXaP STb TUUTcb X\_^acP]cb _^da [Tb QP]`dTb k RP_XcPdg QT[VTb Pd LPraT _[db

SÇd] \X[[XPaS ST 84 ST _TacTb! W3> 3F?OB *BIDFNRB! - UneaXTa &.-.!$

&(! 3B 8LFO! + SnRT\QaT &.--$

&)! 3B 8LFO! (% SnRT\QaT &.--$

&*! 3B 8LFO Tc 3> 3F?OB *BIDFNRB! + YP]eXTa &.-.$

&+! 0BQ ;LIH! * YP]eXTa &.-.$

&,! 3B 8LFO! * YP]eXTa &.-."

&-! 3B 8LFO! . YP]eXTa &.-."

'() ?$ H;@ 5;@73F< 7F D $ 77975

Tg_[^XcPcX^]" `dX \Tc [P 4T[VX`dT T] STe^Xa ST an_PaTa bTb U^aUPXcb &.!$

ET[^] ?$ ?^Qdcd" [T LPraT P [T Sa^Xc ST ST\P]STa STb R^\_cTb Tc SÇTgXVTa

d]T YdbcT an_PaPcX^] { R^\\T [P 8aP]RT [ÇP PRR^aSnT k [Ç3[VnaXT Tc [P

9aP]ST#4aTcPV]T Pd =T]hP Tc Pd LX\QPQfT |$ ;[ Sn]^]RT SP]b RTc ^aSaT

SÇXSnTb [P R^]UXbRPcX^] _Pa [P \nca^_^[T Sd _a^SdXc ST [P eT]cT ST [ÇdaP]Xd\

ST [ÇP]RXT]]T R^[^]XT `dX bTaeXc k [P UPQaXRPcX^] ST [P Q^\QT Pc^\X`dT P\n#

aXRPX]T [^ab ST [P STdgXo\T VdTaaT \^]SXP[T" [T Snc^da]T\T]c eTab [P \nca^#

_^[T STb anbTaeTb SÇ^a ST [P R^[^]XT `dT[`dTb Y^dab bTd[T\T]c PeP]c [T

(% YdX] &.+%" [P caP]bU^a\PcX^] STb b^RXncnb ST Sa^Xc R^]V^[PXb `dX [T SnbX#

aPXT]c T] b^RXncnb ST Sa^Xc QT[VT _Pa [P [^X Sd &, YdX] &.+%" [P SnbcPQX[XbPcX^]

Sd YTd]T jcPc X]Sn_T]SP]c _Pa [Ç^aVP]XbPcX^] ST [P bnRTbbX^] Sd =PbPr Tc

bdac^dc Sd =PcP]VP '%!$ >T BanbXST]c iPra^Xb P__T[[T UX]P[T\T]c k d] TgP#

\T] T] _a^U^]STda Sd { [^daS R^]cT]cXTdg \^aP[ Tc UX]P]RXTa T]caT [T LPraT

Tc [P 4T[VX`dT T] edT ST [ ÇncPQ[XbbT\T]c ST aT[PcX^]b _[db YdbcTb Tc _[db n`dX#

cPQ[Tb | '&!$

.$ A] PbbXbcT" P_aob RTb _aXbTb ST _^bXcX^]b" k d]T PVVaPePcX^] caob ]TccT

STb aT[PcX^]b T]caT [Tb STdg _Phb$ >T && YP]eXTa" [T V^deTa]T\T]c QT[VT

n\Tc d]T _aT\XoaT _a^cTbcPcX^] SX_[^\PcX`dT T] anPRcX^] Pdg \TbdaTb

eXbP]c [P EPQT]P" { `dX R^]bcXcdT]c d]T eX^[PcX^] U[PVaP]cT ST [ÇPRR^aS PnaXT]

TgXbcP]c T]caT [P 4T[VX`dT Tc [T LPraT | ''!$ >T &( YP]eXTa" [T 5^\Xcn RT]caP[

Sd ?$B$D$ P]]^]RT [P SnRXbX^] iPra^XbT ST Sn]^]RTa [Tb caPXcnb QT[V^#iPra^Xb

SÇP\Xcn ST &.+% Tc ST R^^_naPcX^] Vn]naP[T ST &.,+ '(!$ >T &* YP]eXTa" [T

V^deTa]T\T]c QT[VT P]]^]RT bP SnRXbX^] { SÇX]cTaa^\_aT Ydb`dÇk ]^deT[

^aSaT bP R^^_naPcX^] PeTR [T LPraT | ')! Tc aTYTccT n]TaVX`dT\T]c [P RaXcX`dT

_^acnT _Pa =X]bWPbP bda RTccT R^^_naPcX^]$ ;[ Sn_[^aT { [T RPaPRcoaT d]X[Pcn#

aP[ STb \^SXUXRPcX^]b `dT [T LPraT P P__^acnTb Pdg aT[PcX^]b PeTR [P 4T[#

VX`dT | Tc aTYTccT [T RPaPRcoaT d]X[PcnaP[ ST [P SnRXbX^] iPra^XbT ST bdb_T]SaT

c^db [Tb aT\Q^dabT\T]cb STb RanP]RTb QT[VTb TgXVXQ[Tb" { `dX Tbc T] R^]caP#

SXRcX^] PeTR [Tb PRR^aSb TgXbcP]cb" YdaXSX`dT\T]c R^]caPXV]P]cb |$ >P 4T[#

VX`dT R^]bXSoaT `dT [T R^]cT]cXTdg T]caT [Tb STdg 7cPcb Tbc { SnUX]XcXeT\T]c

R[^b | T] aP__T[P]c [ÇPacXR[T &- ST [P R^]eT]cX^] ST &.+* '*!$ CdP]c k [P

[X\XcPcX^] STb Uan`dT]RTb STb e^[b ST [P EPQT]P" [P 4T[VX`dT T]cT]S aTR^daXa

&.! 3> 3F?OB *BIDFNRB! && YP]eXTa &.-.$

'%! H$ PdbbX [ÇT]caTedT ST ?$ ?^Qdcd SP]b 3B 4LKAB" '+ YP]eXTa &.-.$

'&! -@EL AB I> *LROPB! && YP]eXTa &.-.$

''! .FK>K@FZIB -@LKLJFP@EB 9FGA" &( YP]eXTa &.-.$ ;[ bÇPVXc ST [ÇPRR^aS aT[PcXU Pd caP]b_^ac

PnaXT] Sd &% bT_cT\QaT &.+*" \^SXUXn _Pa nRWP]VTb ST [TccaTb STb '* YdX[[Tc Tc . bT_cT\QaT &.-(

]^] _dQ[Xnb!$

'(! ,B 8Q>KA>>OA" &) YP]eXTa &.-.$ >T _aT\XTa ST RTb cTgcTb ]ÇTbc _Pb _dQ[Xn" [T bTR^]S [ÇTbc

Pd 4LKFQBRO ?BIDB! '- P^uc &.,+$

')! B[db _anRXbn\T]c ST { bT [X\XcTa k [ÇTgnRdcX^] STb _a^YTcb ST R^^_naPcX^] Pd SneT[^__T#

\T]c T] R^dab |$

'*! H$ FKCO>#

Pdg _a^RnSdaTb YdaXSX`dTb _anedTb SP]b [ÇPRR^aS PnaXT]" h R^\_aXb [T aTR^dab

k [P 5^da X]cTa]PcX^]P[T ST <dbcXRT '+!$

&%$ >P anPRcX^] iPra^XbT Tbc X\\nSXPcT / bX [P 4T[VX`dT ]XT [ÇTgXbcT]RT

SÇd] R^]cT]cXTdg T]caT [Tb STdg _Phb" [P { cPQ[T a^]ST | T]eXbPVnT _^da PeaX[

&.-. ]ÇP _[db ST aPXb^] SÇpcaT Tc bTd[T [P 5$;$<$ Tbc R^\_ncT]cT _^da Sn_Pa#

cPVTa [Tb STdg _PacXTb T] RPdbT$ 7] RT `dX R^]RTa]T [Tb Sn]^]RXPcX^]b" <T

V^deTa]T\T]c QT[VT

{bT aTcaP]RWT STaaXoaT [P U^a\T Tc [P _a^RnSdaT ST [P R^]eT]cX^] Sd + UneaXTa&.+* Tc bT cPXc bda [T U^]S ST [ÇPaVd\T]cPcX^] iPra X̂bT M$$$N U^]SnT bda RTacPX]b_aX]RX_Tb `dX anVXbbT]c [Tb caPXcnb Tc [Tb R^]eT]cX^]b X]cTa]PcX^]P[Tb Tc `dX _Ta#\TccT]c k c^dcT _PacXT ST aT\TccaT T] RPdbT RTb \p\Tb R^]eT]cX^]b Tc caPXcnb"bdac^dc [^ab`dÇX[b n\P]T]c SXaTRcT\T]c STb bXcdPcX^]b R^[^]XP[Tb Tc ]n^R^[^#]XP[Tb S^]c [Tb TUUTcb R^]cX]dT]c k bT UPXaT bT]cXa |$ {>P _PacXT QT[VT" P[^ab _[dbnR[PXanT T] [P \PcXoaT M$$$N ]ÇP _Pb WnbXcn k PQdbTa ST [ÇX]Tg_naXT]RT ST [P _PacXTR^]V^[PXbT _^da UPXaT bXV]Ta STb R^]caPcb [n^]X]b S^]c [Tb R^]bn`dT]RTb]nUPbcTb bda [ÇnR^]^\XT Sd LPraT R^]cX]dT]c k R^daXa Ydb`dÇPdY^daSÇWdX | ',!$

EX [T LPraT P PccT]Sd PeP]c SÇne^`dTa RT R^]cT]cXTdg" RÇTbc _PaRT `dÇX[

\P]`dPXc ST RPSaTb U^a\nb" Tc `dÇX[ ]T bT aT]SPXc _Pb R^\_cT STb S^\\PVTb

bdQXb '-!$ >T ') YP]eXTa" [ÇPVT]RT iPra^XbT ST _aTbbT P]]^]RT `dT [T LPraT P

SnRXSn ST _^acTa [T { R^]cT]cXTdg QT[V^#iPra^Xb | STeP]c { [P 5^da X]cTa]PcX^#

]P[T ST >P :PhT T] an_^]bT Pdg anRT]cb _a^_^b Sd \X]XbcaT QT[VT ST [P 5^^#

_naPcX^] PUUXa\P]c `dÇX[ ]ÇncPXc _Pb `dTbcX^] _^da b^] _Phb ST aTeT]Xa bda

RT S^bbXTa | '.!$ >T &Ta UneaXTa" [T ?$B$D$ [PXbbT [T RW^Xg k ?^Qdcd ST bdb#

_T]SaT ^d ST a^\_aT [Tb aT[PcX^]b SX_[^\PcX`dTb PeTR [P 4T[VX`dT$

&&$ >T ( UneaXTa" [T a^X :PbbP] ;; Sd ?Pa^R UPXc d]T _a^_^bXcX^] ST

\nSXPcX^]" PRRT_cnT PdbbXcsc _Pa ?^Qdcd" T] eXbXcT Pd ?Pa^R (%!$ >P

\nSXPcX^] \Pa^RPX]T Tbc PRRT_cnT _Pa [P 4T[VX`dT _Td ST cT\_b P_aob (&!$

>T SXUUnaT]S `dXccT P[^ab [P bRo]T _dQ[X`dT _T]SP]c _[dbXTdab \^Xb$

&'$ > ÇX]XcXPcXeT \Pa^RPX]T Tbc R^da^]]nT ST bdRRob / [P 4T[VX`dT Tc [T

LPraT bXV]T]c k DPQPc d] PRR^aS `dX \Tc UX] k [P RaXbT" [T '+ YdX[[Tc &.-.$

>T cTgcT _ane^Xc [P RanPcX^] SÇd] U^]Sb ST anT\_[^X { `dX Tbc [P R^]caT_PacXT

k [ÇTUUPRT\T]c _Pa [P 4T[VX`dT ST [P STccT iPra^XbT$ >T LPraT eP eTabTa T]

\^hT]]T -%% \X[[X^]b B4 _Pa P] k [P 4T[VX`dT" Pd R^dab Sd RWP]VT Sd Y^da$

5T U^]Sb bTaP Vnan SÇd] R^\\d] PRR^aS$ ;[ STeaP S^]]Ta [P _aX^aXcn Pdg

X]eTbcXbbT\T]cb _a^SdRcXUb _^da [T SneT[^__T\T]c [^RP[ Sd LPraT Tc _^da [P

>7 5A@F7@F;7GJ 47>9A#L3ÉDA;E '(*

'+! 3B 8LFO" &+ YP]eXTa &.-.$

',! 3B 8LFO" &+ YP]eXTa &.-.$

'-! H$ bda RT _^X]c [P SnR[PaPcX^] ST ?$ ?^Qdcd bT[^] [P`dT[[T { k [ÇX]Sn_T]SP]RT" M[T 5^]V^

PePXcN k _TX]T SXg SX_[s\nb d]XeTabXcPXaTb|" 3B 4LKAB" '+ YP]eXTa &.-.$

'.! 3B 4LKAB" '+ YP]eXTa &.-.$

(%! 3B 8LFO! % UneaXTa &.-.$

(&! 3B 8LFO! & UneaXTa &.-.$

'(+ ?$ K;@5;@73F< 7F 7 $ 7D97A

RanPcX^] SÇT\_[^Xb | ('!$ >Tb `dPcaT e^[b WTQS^\PSPXaTb ST [P EPQT]P _an#

edb SP]b [ÇPRR^aS PnaXT] b^]c ancPQ[Xb ((!$

&($ >P _naX^ST SÇPRRP[\XT `dX bdXc [P R^]R[dbX^] ST [ÇPRR^aS ST DPQPc Tbc

\XbT k _a^UXc _Pa [Tb STdg _PacXTb _^da SnUX]Xa [Tb ]^deT[[Tb \^SP[Xcnb ST

[Tda R^^_naPcX^]$ >T &* UneaXTa &..%" Pd cTa\T STb ]nV^RXPcX^]b QT[V^#iPr#

a^XbTb" RX]` PRR^aSb b^]c PS^_cnb Tc _PaP_Wnb k 4adgT[[Tb /

~ [P 5^]eT]cX^] Vn]naP[T anVXbbP]c [Tb aT[PcX^]b T]caT [P Dn_dQ[X`dT Sd

LPraT Tc [T D^hPd\T ST 4T[VX`dT"

~ [Ç3RR^aS ST R^^_naPcX^] T]caT [P Dn_dQ[X`dT Sd LPraT Tc [T D^hPd\T ST

4T[VX`dT"

~ [T Ba^c^R^[T SÇPRR^aS T]caT [P Dn_dQ[X`dT Sd LPraT Tc [T D^hPd\T ST

4T[VX`dT aT[PcXU Pd bcPcdc Sd _Tab^]]T[ ST [P R^^_naPcX^] QT[VT"

~ [T Ba^c^R^[T SÇPRR^aS T]caT [P Dn_dQ[X`dT Sd LPraT Tc [T D^hPd\T ST

4T[VX`dT aT[PcXU k [P U^a\PcX^] STb RPSaTb iPra^Xb"

~ [Ç3aaP]VT\T]c _PacXRd[XTa T]caT [P Dn_dQ[X`dT Sd LPraT Tc [T D^hPd\T

ST 4T[VX`dT aT[PcXU Pd {8^]Sb QX[PcnaP[ ST SneT[^__T\T]c| 8$4$6$!$

>Tb RX]` cTgcTb b^]c bXV]nb _Pa [Tb STdg _PacXTb k =X]bWPbP [T ', \Pab

&..%$ >P bTbbX^] ST [P VaP]ST R^\\XbbX^] \XgcT QT[V^#iPra^XbT Tbc _Pa PX[#

[Tdab UXgnT k 4adgT[[Tb T] YdX] &..%$

&)$ >T (% PeaX[ &..%" [ÇX]cTaeT]cX^] QadcP[T ST [P 6XeXbX^] b_nRXP[T _anbX#

ST]cXT[[T R^]caT STb bh\_PcWXbP]cb ST [ÇG$6$B$E$ aPbbT\Q[nb STeP]c [P \PX#

b^] SÇ7cXT]]T FbWXbTZTSX k =X]bWPbP \Pa`dT [T SnQdc SÇd]T ]^deT[[T

_naX^ST ST cT]bX^] SP]b [Tb aT[PcX^]b QT[V^#iPra^XbTb$ >P `dTbcX^] Tbc aP_XST#

\T]c _^bnT Pd BPa[T\T]c ST bPe^Xa [Tb bdXcTb `dT [T V^deTa]T\T]c QT[VT

S^]]TaP k RTb nen]T\T]cb Tc `dT[ Tbc [T U^]RcX^]]T\T]c R^]RaTc ST [P R[PdbT

ST [ÇPRR^aS Vn]naP[ QT[V^#iPra^Xb Sd ', \Pab &..% aT[PcXeT Pdg Sa^Xcb ST [P

_Tab^]]T ()!$ >P an_^]bT ^UUTacT _Pa [T ]^deTPd \X]XbcaT STb 3UUPXaTb

ncaP]VoaTb" ?$ ?PaZ 7hbZT]b" Tbc [X\XcnT / [T \X]XbcaT Tb_oaT `dT [T _a^RTb#

bdb ST Sn\^RaPcXbPcX^] Tbc T] \PaRWT Pd LPraT" SnR[PaT ]T _^de^Xa R^]UXa#

\Ta ^d X]UXa\Ta [Tb UPXcb T] `dTbcX^] Tc _anRXbT `dÇd] ]^deTPd SXaTRcTda

Vn]naP[ P ncn ]^\\n Pd \X]XbcoaT STb 3UUPXaTb ncaP]VoaTb `dX bÇ^RRd_T _[db

_PacXRd[XoaT\T]c STb Sa^Xcb ST [P _Tab^]]T$ >P clRWT ST RT U^]RcX^]]PXaT Tbc

SÇTgP\X]Ta [Tb S^bbXTab ST RT ch_T Tc S ÇPbbXbcTa [T \X]XbcaT SP]b bP _aXbT ST

SnRXbX^] T] [P \PcXoaT (*!$

('! ET[^] [ÇT]caTedT PRR^aSnT _Pa [T \X]XbcaT 7hbZT]b k 3 _-@EL AB I> *LROPB '. YdX[[Tc &.-.$

>T cTgcT Sd caPXcn ]ÇTbc _Pb SXb_^]XQ[T$ H$ PdbbX 5W$ D AG EE73G " ] 5Wa^]X`dT STb UPXcb X]cTa]PcX^#

]Pdg|" 7#/#,#1#6#" &..%" _$ &',$

((! 1?FA# ()! CdTbcX^] ^aP[T ST ?\T ?PTb T] R^\\XbbX^] STb 3UUPXaTb ncaP]VoaTb ST [P 5WP\QaT" and#

]X^] Sd (% \PX &..%" +#*#)#! 5WP\QaT" _$ &%'($ @^db XV]^a^]b [P U^a\d[PcX^] TgPRcT ST RTccT

R[PdbT" ]ÇPhP]c _d SXb_^bTa Sd cTgcT ST [ÇPRR^aS Sd ', \Pab &..%$

(*! )#6#! En]Pc" bnP]RT Sd . \PX &..%" _$ &.*)$

>7 5A@F7@F;7GJ 47>9A#L3ÉDA;E '(,

&*$ 6T ]^deTPdg nen]T\T]cb bdaeT]db Pd LPraT e^]c" _Td ST cT\_b

P_aob" _^acTa d] R^d_ UPcP[ Pdg ]^deT[[Tb aT[PcX^]b ST [P 4T[VX`dT PeTR b^]

P]RXT]]T R^[^]XT$ 6P]b [P ]dXc Sd && Pd &' \PX &..%" d] \PbbPRaT S Çncd#

SXP]cb P [XTd bda [T RP\_db ST [ÇG]XeTabXcn ST >dQd\QPbWX" SnRXSn bP]b

S^dcT _Pa [Tb _[db WPdcTb Pdc^aXcnb iPra^XbTb$ >P 4T[VX`dT TgXVT NR_RKB R^\#

\XbbX^] SÇT]`dpcT X]cTa]PcX^]P[T b^Xc \XbT bda _XTS _^da T]`dpcTa bda RTb

UPXcb Tc bdb_T]S [ ÇTgnRdcX^] STb PRR^aSb T] [XPXb^] PeTR [T annRWT[^]]T\T]c

ST [P STccT SÇ7cPc ST \p\T `dT [P _an_PaPcX^] ST [P and]X^] ST [P VaP]ST

R^\\XbbX^] \XgcT `dX STePXc bT cT]Xa T] YdX] k 4adgT[[Tb (+!$ ET[^] ?$ 7hb#

ZT]b" T] eX^[P]c [Tb Sa^Xcb ST [P _Tab^]]T

{ M[NT LPraT P T] TUUTc a^\_d d]X[PcnaP[T\T]c [P R^]eT]cX^] ST \Pab &..%$ ;[bÇPVXc SÇd]T SnRXbX^] _^[XcX`dT `dX ]ÇP _Pb ncn R^deTacT bda [T _[P] YdaXSX`dT$>P SnRXbX^] ]ÇP _Pb ncn ]^cXUXnT Tc X[ ]ÇP _Pb ncn cT]d R^\_cT STb Sn[PXb ST_anPeXb$ >P R^]bn`dT]RT [^VX`dT ST [P SnRXbX^] iPra X̂bT Tbc [T aTcaPXc ST [PaT\XbT STb STccTb | (,!$

B^da [Ç^__^bXcX^] QT[VT" { RT `dX Tbc nc^]]P]c" RÇTbc [P SXb_a^_^acX^] T]caT

[ÇX\_^acP]RT STb UPXcb cT[b `dÇX[b ]^db b^]c R^]]db S Çd]T _Pac Tc [P anPRcX^]

\PgX\P[XbcT" \P[PSa^XcT Tc Xb^[nT Sd 9^deTa]T\T]c QT[VT SÇPdcaT

_Pac | (-!$ { @^db ]^db QPcc^]b c^db _^da [T aTb_TRc STb Sa^Xcb ST [ÇW^\\T"

\PXb [T V^deTa]T\T]c QT[VT bT\Q[T Pe^Xa d]T _^[XcX`dT bn[TRcXeT T] [P

\PcXoaT" c^dY^dab k [ÇT]R^]caT Sd LPraT ^t ]^db _^ac^]b _^dacP]c T]R^aT ST

[^daSTb aTb_^]bPQX[Xcnb P_aob [ÇoaT R^[^]XP[T | (.!$ 7c [Tb aT_anbT]cP]cb [XQn#

aPdg ST bT ST\P]STa T] R^]R[dbX^] { `dP]S [P 4T[VX`dT eP#c#T[[T T]UX] R^]bX#

SnaTa [T LPraT R^\\T d] _Phb b^deTaPX]" SXaXVn _Pa STb aTb_^]bPQ[Tb _^[XcX#

`dTb b^deTaPX]b TgTamP]c [Tb Sa^Xcb Tc [Tb STe^Xab `dÇX\_[X`dT [P aTb_^]bPQX#

[Xcn _^[XcX`dT SÇd] _Phb 2 ^ )%!$

>P an_^]bT Sd \X]XbcaT STb 3UUPXaTb ncaP]VoaTb Tbc Tgcap\T\T]c UTa\T

bda RTb _^X]cb / [^X] SÇPS\TccaT `dT { [Tb Sa^Xcb ST [ÇW^\\T b^]c ]PcdaT[[T#

\T]c d] QTPd cWo\T ST SXbR^dab" \PXb `dÇX[ UPdc pcaT anP[XbcT |" ?$ 7hbZT]b

X]bXbcT bda [T UPXc `dT [T STe^Xa ST [P 4T[VX`dT Tbc XRX ST ]T _Pb YdVTa k [P

[nVoaT" ST _Pa[Ta STb UPXcb" Tc RTacPX]T\T]c _Pb ST [Tb T]bTeT[Xa b^db [T caPSX#

cX^]]T[ Rh]Xb\T _^[XcX`dT )&!$ >T \X]XbcaT PY^dcT _Pa PX[[Tdab `dT {[Tb

PRR^aSb PeTR [T LPraT ]T b^]c _Pb d] RWXUU^] ST _P_XTa" M$$$ `dÇX[ X]bXbcTN _^da

`dÇX[b b^XT]c aTb_TRcnb" ]^cP\\T]c T] RT `dX R^]RTa]T [Tb Sa^Xcb ST

[ÇW^\\T | )'! Tc `dT" { `dT[ `dT b^Xc [T anVX\T" X[ UPdc PS^_cTa d]T PccXcdST

R[PXaT eXb#k#eXb STb _Phb ^t [Tb Sa^Xcb ST [ÇW^\\T b^]c QPU^dnb$ >Tb S^diT

(+! 5^\\d]X`dn V^deTa]T\T]cP[ Sd '* \PX &..%$

(,! +#*#)#! 5WP\QaT" bnP]RTb Sd &( YdX[[Tc &..%" _$ -'&$

(-! ;]cTa_T[[PcX^] ST ?$ 6P\bTPdg k [P 5WP\QaT" &' YdX[[Tc &..%" )#6#! _$ '%$

(.! 1?FA# )%! ;]cTa_T[[PcX^] ST ?$ 6T 6TRZTa" FA#! _$ ('$

)&! )#6 #" 5WP\QaT" &' YdX[[Tc &..%" _$ ''$

)'! ;]cTaeT]cX^] T] R^\\XbbX^] STb 3UUPXaTb ncaP]VoaTb ST [P 5WP\QaT" and]X^] Sd (% \PX

&..%" /#7#)#! 5WP\QaT" _$ &%'*$

'(- ?$ H ;@ 5;@73G 7F E $ 7D975

_Peb ST [P 5^\\d]Pdcn S^XeT]c bT R^]RTacTa `dP]c k [ÇPccXcdST k PS^_#

cTa |1 )(!$

&+$ >T '' YdX] &..%" [T _anbXST]c ?^Qdcd _aT]S RX]` \TbdaTb T] an_^]bT

k [P anPRcX^] QT[VT" S^]c [T aT]e^X ST c^db [Tb R^^_naP]cb Tc e^[^]cPXaTb

_Phnb _Pa [P 4T[VX`dT" [P anSdRcX^] ST \^XcXn Sd ]^\QaT ST e^[b WTQS^\P#

SPXaTb ST [P EPQT]P eTab =X]bWPbP Tc [P UTa\TcdaT ST c^db [Tb R^]bd[Pcb

QT[VTb k [ÇTgRT_cX^] SÇd] bTd[$ 3 [ÇWTdaT PRcdT[[T" c^dcT R^^_naPcX^] Tbc

T]R^aT bdb_T]SdT T]caT [P 4T[VX`dT Tc [T LPraT" Tc X[ T] aTbcTaP bP]b S^dcT

PX]bX PdbbX [^]VcT\_b `dT [P bXcdPcX^] SP]b RT STa]XTa _Phb ]Çne^[dTaP _Pb

anT[[T\T]c eTab [P Sn\^RaPcXT$

;;$ > 7 E C G 7 E F ;A @ E 6 7 6 D A ; F

&,$ >Tb _aX]RX_P[Tb `dTbcX^]b ST Sa^Xc `dT b^d[oeT [T SXUUnaT]S QT[V^#iPr#

a^Xb ST &.--#&..% ]^db _PaPXbbT]c R^]RTa]Ta STdg S^\PX]Tb \PYTdab$ >T

_aT\XTa Tbc RT[dX STb Sa^Xcb ST [P _Tab^]]T Tc STb \P]XoaTb S^]c d] jcPc

_Tdc anPVXa k [Tda eX^[PcX^] _Pa d] PdcaT \T\QaT ST [P R^\\d]Pdcn X]cTa#

]PcX^]P[T$ >T bTR^]S Tbc RT[dX ST RT `dT [Ç^] _^daaPXc `dP[XUXTa {[Tb S^\#

\PVTb R^[^]XPdg |" SP]b [T bT]b [T _[db [PaVT ST RTccT Tg_aTbbX^]$

&-$ ;[ Tbc \P]XUTbcT `dT [P _^bXcX^] QT[VT T] \PcXoaT SÇPRcX^] _^da [T aTb#

_TRc STb Sa^Xcb ST [P _Tab^]]T SP]b d] _Phb cXTab P R^]]d d]T ne^[dcX^]

]^cPQ[T Pd UX[ ST [P RaXbT$ >Tb aT_a^RWTb PSaTbbnb k ?$ ?PacT]b P_aob b^]

e^hPVT Pd LPraT ST &.-- c^da]PXT]c T] UPXc Pdc^da ST RT bTd[ bdYTc$ > Ç^__^#

bXcX^] `dÇP bdbRXcnT T] 4T[VX`dT [P _a^_^bXcX^] aT[PcXeT k [P STccT TgcnaXTdaT

Sd LPraT UPXcT k RT \^\T]c _Pa ?$ ?PacT]b bÇTg_[X`dT _Pa d] UPRcTda TbbT]#

cXT[$ 7[[T P bda_aXb RTacPX]b \T\QaTb Sd V^deTa]T\T]c" eXbXQ[T\T]c XV]^#

aP]cb ST [P SnRXbX^] _aXbT T] RTccT \PcXoaT Tc `dX bT b^]c SnR[Panb {]^] [Xnb |

_Pa T[[T$ 5ÇncPXc" k [ÇnRWT[^] V^deTa]T\T]cP[" [P caPSdRcX^] X\_[XRXcT STb caob

]TccTb anbTaeTb Tg_aX\nTb _Pa [Ç^__^bXcX^] bda [P `dTbcX^]" bT[^] [Tb`dT[[Tb

{ [P aT\XbT STb STccTb S^Xc pcaT [XnT k d] RWP]VT\T]c ST [P _^[XcX`dT iPra^XbT"

[P`dT[[T P R^]caXQdn Pd \PaPb\T nR^]^\X`dT Tc b^RXP[ Sd _Phb | ))!" ^d

T]R^aT" {X[ ]T _Tdc pcaT `dTbcX^] Å SÇTbbdhTaÇ [ÇPaS^XbT" cP]c ST [P STccT

_dQ[X`dT `dT ST [P STccT R^\\TaRXP[T" bP]b `dT STb R^]SXcX^]b bcaXRcTb

b^XT]c _^bnTb Tc R^d[nTb SP]b STb R^]caPcb aXV^daTdbT\T]c R^]cas[nb| )*!$

&.$ >T _aX]RX_T ST [P anSdRcX^] ST [P STccT STb jcPcb T] SneT[^__T\T]c

]T bdbRXcT _[db \PX]cT]P]c PdRd]T ^QYTRcX^] SP]b [ÇPQb^[d" RPa b^] RPaPR#

)(! )#6#! 5WP\QaT" &' YdX[[Tc &..%" _$ '*$

))! ;]cTa_T[[PcX^] ST ? $ =T\_X]PXaT k [P 5WP\QaT" bnP]RT Sd &, ]^eT\QaT &.--" /#7#)#"_$ *-$

)*! ;]cTa_T[[PcX^] ST ? $ EX\^]b k [P 5WP\QaT" bnP]RT Sd &, ]^eT\QaT &.--" +#7#)#! _$ *-$

H$ PdbbX [ÇX]cTaeT]cX^] ST ?$ HP]eT[cW^eT]" F?FA#! _$ +%$

>7 5A@F7@F;7GJ 47>9A#L3É4A;E '(.

coaT \T]PmP]c Tbc R[PXaT\T]c _Tamd )+!$ >P e^[^]cn bÇPUUXa\T _Pa R^]caT ST

_[db T] _[db ]TccT\T]c SP]b [Tb T]RTX]cTb X]cTa]PcX^]P[Tb Tc ]PcX^]P[Tb ST

bdQ^aS^]]Ta [ÇPXST U^da]XT k RTb jcPcb Pd aTb_TRc ST R^]SXcX^]b c^dRWP]c

cP]c Pdg Sa^Xcb ST [P _Tab^]]T `dÇk [P STbcX]PcX^] `dX bTaP UXgnT k RTccT

PXST" ^d Pdg \^SP[Xcnb SÇdcX[XbPcX^] ST RT[[T#RX$ 3X]bX" [Tb PRR^aSb ST

>^\n ;H `dX ^aVP]XbT]c [ÇPXST U^da]XT _Pa [P 5^\\d]Pdcn Tda^_nT]]T Pdg

jcPcb 3$5$B$ R^]cXT]]T]c ~ Tc _^da [P _aT\XoaT U^Xb SP]b STb cTa\Tb PdbbX

R^\_[Tcb ),! ~ d]T caob X\_^acP]cT SXb_^bXcX^] R^]bPRanT k [ÇX\_^acP]RT

STb Sa^Xcb ST [ÇW^\\T SP]b [Tb _^[XcX`dTb ST R^^_naPcX^] Pd SneT[^__T\T]c$

>ÇPacXR[T * ST [P 5^]eT]cX^] SXb_^bT T] TUUTc ]^cP\\T]c `dT

{[P _^[XcX`dT ST SneT[^__T\T]c Tc [P R^^_naPcX^] b^]c nca^XcT\T]c [XnTb PdaTb_TRc Tc k [P Y^dXbbP]RT STb Sa^Xcb Tc [XQTacnb U^]SP\T]cP[Tb ST [ÇW^\\T |Tc `dT {[P R^^_naPcX^] 3$5$B$#5$7$7$ R^]caXQdT k [Çn[X\X]PcX^] STb ^QbcPR[Tb`dX T\_pRWT]c [P Y^dXbbP]RT _[TX]T Tc TUUTRcXeT _Pa [Tb X]SXeXSdb Tc [Tb _Td_[TbST [Tdab Sa^Xcb nR^]^\X`dTb" b^RXPdg Tc Rd[cdaT[b | )-!$

>T RPaPRcoaT X]R^]SXcX^]]T[ ST [P _a^_^bXcX^] ST ?$ ?PacT]b P[[PXc ST

c^dcT neXST]RT k [ÇT]R^]caT ST RTccT cT]SP]RT Tc RÇTbc RT[P `dX P \Xb [T BaT#

\XTa \X]XbcaT T] _^acT#k#UPdg eXb#k#eXb SÇd]T _PacXT ST bP \PY^aXcn$

'%$ >P `dTbcX^] STb Sa^Xcb ST [P _Tab^]]T Tbc _[db RT]caP[T T]R^aT SP]b

[P STdgXo\T _PacXT ST [P RaXbT QT[V^#iPra^XbT `dX SnQdcT T] PeaX[ &..%$ A]

PbbXbcT k RT \^\T]c T] 4T[VX`dT k d] aT\Pa`dPQ[T aT]eTabT\T]c STb as[Tb

T]caT [T V^deTa]T\T]c Tc [Ç^__^bXcX^]$ B^da d]T _PacXT ST RTccT STa]XoaT ~

`dX aTY^X]c bda RT _^X]c [Tb X]SXV]PcX^]b Sd LPraT ~ " [P anPRcX^] Sd V^deTa#

]T\T]c QT[VT Pd \PbbPRaT ST >dQd\QPbWX R^]bcXcdT d]T X]cTaeT]cX^] SP]b

[Tb PUUPXaTb X]cnaXTdaTb SÇd] jcPc b^deTaPX]$ 5Tb aT_a^RWTb PSaTbbnb Pd V^d#

eTa]T\T]c b^]c QPbnb bda d]T P]P[hbT ST [P bXcdPcX^] `dX ]T bT\Q[T _Pb YdaX#

SX`dT\T]c U^]SnT$ 7] ST\P]SP]c Pd LPraT ST aTb_TRcTa bTb ^Q[XVPcX^]b

X]cTa]PcX^]P[Tb T] \PcXoaT ST Sa^Xcb ST [P _Tab^]]T" [P 4T[VX`dT" [^X] SÇT\#

_XncTa bda [P b^deTaPX]Tcn Sd LPraT ^d SÇX]cTaeT]Xa SP]b [Tb PUUPXaTb X]cn#

aXTdaTb ST RT _Phb" bT Q^a]T k TgXVTa [T aTb_TRc STb Sa^Xcb SnUX]Xb SP]b d]

PRR^aS X]cTa]PcX^]P[ _Pa [T`dT[ [T LPraT P [XQaT\T]c R^]bT]cX k pcaT [Xn$

5^\\T c^dcT eX^[PcX^] ST SXb_^bXcX^]b R^]eT]cX^]]T[[Tb" [P eX^[PcX^] STb

Sa^Xcb ST [P _Tab^]]T _Pa d]T _PacXT k d] caPXcn `dX _a^coVT RTdg#RX Pdc^aXbT

)+! B^da [T _^X]c ST edT ST [P \PY^aXcn" e$ [ ÇX]cTaeT]cX^] ST ?$ HP] :TRZT" F?FA# ),! Eda [Çne^[dcX^] ST [P anUnaT]RT Pdg Sa^Xcb ST [P _Tab^]]T SP]b [Tb PRR^aSb ST >^\n" e$

9$ ? 393@ L3 " {>P R^]eT]cX^] ST >^\n |" X] <$ ? 79D7F BQ >I# nS$!" 3B AOLFQ AB I> +LJJRK>RQY Y@L"KLJFNRB BROLMYBKKB! e^[$ &(" 4adgT[[Tb" 7SXcX^]b ST [ÇG]XeTabXcn" &..%" __$ &+, k &-%$

)-! B^da [T cTgcT ST [P ;H% 5^]eT]cX^] ST >^\n" e$ 9$ ?393@ L3 " LM# @FQ#! P]]TgTb __$ '(+

Tc b$ EX [ ÇPdcTda PS\Tc `dT [P ;Hx 5^]eT]cX^] ST >^\n {]T R^]cXT]c PdRd]T SXb_^bXcX^] Å ^_naP#

cX^]]T[[T _Ta\TccP]c ST Å VT[TaÇ [P \XbT T] ^TdeaT ST [P R^^_naPcX^] k [ÇnVPaS SÇd]T _PacXT

R^]caPRcP]cT `dX bT aT]SaPXc R^d_PQ[T S Çd]T eX^[PcX^] STb Sa^Xcb ST [ÇW^\\T| _$ &,+!" X[ R^]R[dc

c^dcTU^Xb ] `dÇX[ TgXbcT A>KP IB @>AOB ST [P R^]eT]cX^] PRcdT[[T" d]T PbbXbT bdUUXbP\\T]c R[PXaT _^da

P\T]Ta [Tb Pdc^aXcnb SÇd] _Phb ^t [Tb Sa^Xcb ST [ÇW^\\T bTaPXT]c eX^[nb k _T]bTa `dT RTccT eX^[P#

cX^] _^daaPXc Pe^Xa STb R^]bn`dT]RTb `dP]c k [P _^dabdXcT ST [P R^^_naPcX^] k [ÇnVPaS ST [Tda

_Phb| _$ &,," ]^db b^d[XV]^]b!$

')% ?$ H;@5;@73G 7F 4"$ 7D975

[Tb PdcaTb _PacXTb k RT caPXcn k T] bdb_T]SaT [ÇTgnRdcX^] _^da P\T]Ta [ÇjcPc

PdcTda Sd UPXc X[[XRXcT k aTb_TRcTa bTb ^Q[XVPcX^]b X]cTa]PcX^]P[Tb ).!$ ;[ ]T

bÇPVXc XRX `dT Sd YTd ]^a\P[" `d^X`dT ca^_ _Td Uan`dT\\T]c \Xb T] PRcX^]

SP]b RT S^\PX]T" ST &_BU@BMQFL KLK >AFJMIBQF @LKQO>@QRP! cT[[T `dT SnUX]XT k

[ÇPacXR[T +% ST [P 5^]eT]cX^] ST HXT]]T bda [T Sa^Xc STb caPXcnb$ 5T ch_T ST

_aXbT ST _^bXcX^] ]ÇTbc _Pb T]cXoaT\T]c ]^deTPd ST [P _Pac ST [P 4T[VX`dT"

\p\T bX T[[Tb X]cTaeXT]]T]c \PX]cT]P]c ST \P]XoaT bT]bXQ[T\T]c _[db SncTa#

\X]nT `dÇPd_PaPeP]c$ >Tb Pdc^aXcnb QT[VTb ^]c SnYk k _[dbXTdab aT_aXbTb

aT_^dbbn [ÇPRRdbPcX^] SÇX]VnaT]RT [^ab`dÇT[[Tb bÇX]`dXncPXT]c Sd aTb_TRc STb

Sa^Xcb ST [P _Tab^]]T Pd LPraT" \PXb ]T SXb_^bPXT]c _Pb Ydb`dÇXRX ST [ÇPa\T

R^]eT]cX^]]T[[T `dÇT[[Tb bT b^]c S^]]nTb _Pa [P R[PdbT _a^cTRcaXRT STb Sa^Xcb

ST [P _Tab^]]T R^]cT]dT SP]b [ÇPRR^aS Vn]naP[ ST R^^_naPcX^] ST &..% *%!$

'&$ >ÇPdcaT PgT Sd R^]cT]cXTdg QT[V^#iPra^Xb R^]RTa]T [P aTb_^]bPQX[Xcn

ST [P 4T[VX`dT _^da STb { S^\\PVTb R^[^]XPdg | `dX ]ÇPdaPXT]c _Pb ncn

an_Panb _^bcnaXTdaT\T]c k [ÇX]Sn_T]SP]RT Tc [P eP[XSXcn STb caPXcnb R^]R[db

P_aob [ÇX]Sn_T]SP]RT _^da anV[Ta [Tb R^]bn`dT]RTb ST [P R^[^]XbPcX^]$ G]

TgT\_[T#ch_T ST RTb S^\\PVTb R^[^]XPdg _^daaPXc pcaT ca^den SP]b [ÇTg#

_[^XcPcX^] Tc [P eT]cT ST [ÇdaP]Xd\ R^]V^[PXb _Pa [P 4T[VX`dT SdaP]c [P

_naX^ST R^[^]XP[T$ >P eT]cT SÇdaP]Xd\ X]RaX\X]nT _Pa [Tb Pdc^aXcnb iPra^XbTb

PePXc T] UPXc ncn anP[XbnT T] P__[XRPcX^] SÇPRR^aSb bTRaTcb R^]R[db T] &.))

_Pa [P 4T[VX`dT PeTR [Tb 7cPcb#G]Xb" SÇd]T _Pac" Tc PeTR [T D^hPd\T#G]X"

SÇPdcaT _Pac$ >Tda TgXbcT]RT ]ÇPePXc _Pb ncn bXV]P[nT k [Ç7cPc Sd 5^]V^ *&!"

`dX PdaPXc Sob [^ab ncn [nbn [^ab STb ]nV^RXPcX^]b _^bcnaXTdaTb k [ÇX]Sn_T]#

SP]RT ^t UdaT]c n[PQ^anb [Tb PRR^aSb `dX PePXT]c _^da Qdc ST [X`dXSTa [ÇPRcXU

Tc [T _PbbXU R^[^]XPdg$

''$ >T _aX]RX_P[ X]bcad\T]c ST RTccT [X`dXSPcX^] Tbc [P R^]eT]cX^] Sd

+ UneaXTa &.+* _^da [T aoV[T\T]c STb `dTbcX^]b aT[PcXeTb k [P STccT _dQ[X`dT

Tc Pd _^acTUTdX[[T ST [P R^[^]XT Sd 5^]V^ QT[VT *'!$ Aa" b^] PacXR[T &- _an#

).! Eda [P SnUX]XcX^] _anRXbT Sd _aX]RX_T ST ]^]#X]cTaeT]cX^]" e$ PdbbX 7$ 6 3 H ;6 " { B^acnT Tc

[X\XcT Sd _aX]RX_T ST ]^]#X]cTaeT]cX^] |" RTccT 7BSRB" &..%" PX]bX `dT A$ 5ADF7@ Tc B$ = > 7 ;@ " { 6a^Xc

SÇX]VnaT]RT ^d ^Q[XVPcX^] ST anPRcX^] ]^] Pa\nT |" 1?FA#! __$ '& Tc b$ 0 [T aP__^ac ST RT _aX]RX_T PeTR

[T aTb_TRc STb Sa^Xcb ST [P _Tab^]]T P _Pa PX[[Tdab ncn caob R[PXaT\T]c SnUX]X SP]b [P ca^XbXo\T anb^[d#

cX^] PS^_cnT _Pa [ ÇX]bcXcdc ST 6a^Xc X]cTa]PcX^]P[ [^ab ST bP bTbbX^] ST EPX]c#<PR`dTb#ST#5^\_^bcT[[T

+)T bTbbX^]! S^]c [T cTgcT Tbc aT_a^SdXc SP]b RTccT 7BSRB! &.-." __$ (,) k (,+$

*%! H$ [P SnR[PaPcX^] Sd \X]XbcaT STb 3UUPXaTb ncaP]VoaTb Pd bdYTc SÇTgnRdcX^]b bdaeT]dTb Pd

LPraT T] &.,-" X] { 5Wa^]X`dTb EP[\^]#HX]RX]TPd |" ]v &)*+" RTccT 7BSRB" &.-%" __$ +'+ Tc b$

*&! > ÇTg_^acPcX^] ST [ÇdaP]Xd\ ]ÇP YP\PXb ncn R^\_cPQX[XbnT SP]b [Tb bcPcXbcX`dTb Sd R^\#

\TaRT TgcnaXTda R^]V^[PXb Tc [ÇG]X^] ?X]XoaT `dX TgcaPhPXc [ÇdaP]Xd\ ST 5X]^[^Qfn ]ÇP YP\PXb UPXc

P__PaPqcaT [ÇTg_[^XcPcX^] ST RTb \PcXoaTb ]dR[nPXaTb SP]b bTb anbd[cPcb SÇTg_[^XcPcX^] Ydb`dÇT]

&.**$ ET[^] [T _a^UTbbTda EcT]VTab" [ÇTg_[^XcPcX^] ST [ÇdaP]Xd\ P Sdan Ydb`dÇT] &.*.#&.+%" Tc [P

4T[VX`dT P S^]R aTmd T]eXa^] d] \X[[XPaS ST 84 STb 7G Tc Sd DG ~ [ÇPRR^aS _ane^hPXc `dT RTb

_Phb eTabTaPXT]c '"* \X[[X^]b ST S^[[Pab _Pa P] 0BQ 3>>QPQB 5FBRTP! '* YP]eXTa &.-.!$ >T _PXT\T]c

P bTaeX k [P R^]bcadRcX^] Sd 5T]caT ]dR[nPXaT ST ?^[ Tc k [P \XbT T] _[PRT ST [ÇX]bcXcdc X]cTad]XeTa#

bXcPXaT STb bRXT]RTb ]dR[nPXaTb$

*'! 7#9#5#:#V e^[$ *)%" _$ ',* 0 4#*#" &* YdX[[Tc Tc &- bT_cT\QaT &.+*$ B^da d] R^\\T]cPXaT

ST RT cTgcT" e$ 5WaXbcXP] >7<7G@7" {>T R^]cT]cXTdg UX]P]RXTa QT[V^#R^]V^[PXb |" RTccT 7BSRB! &.+."

__$ *(* k *+)$

>4 5A@F7@F;7GJ 47>9A#L3É4A;E ')&

e^Xc `dT [Tb STdg jcPcb ]]Ç^]c _[db ST aTeT]SXRPcX^]b anRX_a^`dTb R^]RTa#

]P]c [Tb QXT]b bT ca^deP]c SP]b [Çd] ^d [ÇPdcaT _Phb PeP]c [T (% YdX] &.+% |

Tc R[sc S^]R [T R^]cT]cXTdg ST [ÇPRR^aS STb STdg _a^cPV^]XbcTb$ 5ÇTbc [P aPX#

b^] _^da [P`dT[[T [Tb Pdc^aXcnb iPra^XbTb ^]c X]e^`dn [P cWn^aXT STb caPXcnb

X]nVPdg _^da R^]cTbcTa [P eP[XSXcn Sd aoV[T\T]c Tc _^bTa ST ]^deT[[Tb aTeT]#

SXRPcX^]b k [ÇnVPaS ST [P 4T[VX`dT *(!" `dÇT[[Tb \T]PmPXT]c ST _^acTa STeP]c

[P 5^da X]cTa]PcX^]P[T ST <dbcXRT$

'($ 5^\\T [ÇPePXT]c Sob RT \^\T]c aT[Ten SÇn\X]T]cb X]cTa]PcX^]P[XbcTb

]nTa[P]S^_W^]Tb *)!" [T aTR^dab k [P 5$;$<$ ncPXc cWn^aX`dT\T]c T]eXbP#

VTPQ[T T] Sn_Xc ST [ÇPQbT]RT ST aTR^]]PXbbP]RT ST [P YdaXSXRcX^] ST [P 5^da

_Pa [T LPraT Pd \^\T]c ST [P RaXbcP[[XbPcX^] Sd R^]cT]cXTdg$ ;[ PdaPXc T]

TUUTc bdUUX Pd LPraT ST Sn_^bTa d]T SnR[PaPcX^] SÇPRRT_cPcX^] ST R^\_ncT]RT

ST [P 5^da" X\\nSXPcT\T]c bdXeXT SÇd]T aT`dpcT X]ca^SdRcXeT SÇX]bcP]RT

R^]caT [P 4T[VX`dT" bdXeP]c T] RT[P [P _aPcX`dT X]PdVdanT _Pa [T B^acdVP[

SP]b [ÇPUUPXaT Sd ,OLFQ AB M>PP>DB# ?PXb ^] _Tdc Ra^XaT `dÇd]T cT[[T PRcX^]

]T [dX PdaPXc eaPXbT\Q[PQ[T\T]c VdoaT ncn UPe^aPQ[T$ G] _a^Q[o\T ST R^\#

_ncT]RT PdaPXc c^dc SÇPQ^aS _d bT _^bTa Sd UPXc ST [P U^a\d[PcX^] ST [P

SnR[PaPcX^] UPXcT _Pa [P 4T[VX`dT T] eTacd ST [ÇPacXR[T (+" w ' Sd bcPcdc ST

[P 5^da$ 5T[[T#RX _ane^Xc T] TUUTc `dT [P 5^da PdaP YdaXSXRcX^] { bda c^db [Tb

SXUUnaT]Sb SÇ^aSaT YdaXSX`dT ]nb P_aob [T &( YdX[[Tc &.)- Pd bdYTc ST bXcdP#

cX^]b ^d ST UPXcb _^bcnaXTdab k RTccT SPcT| **!" RT `dX _^daaPXc X\_[X`dTa

`dT [P 5^da aTUdbT ST bT _a^]^]RTa bda d] SXUUnaT]S `dX ca^deT bP b^daRT

SP]b STb PRR^aSb R^]R[db SdaP]c [P bTR^]ST VdTaaT \^]SXP[T$ CdP]c Pd

U^]S" X[ Tbc S^dcTdg `dT [P 5^da eXT]]T k R^]bPRaTa d]T cWn^aXT STb S^\#

\PVTb R^[^]XPdg *+! Td nVPaS bdac^dc Pd UPXc `dT [T caPXcn ST &.+* \Tc d]

_^X]c UX]P[ k [P `dTbcX^]$ > Ç^] bPXc _Pa PX[[Tdab `dT [P cWn^aXT STb caPXcnb X]n#

VPdg ]ÇP aTmd PdRd]T _[PRT SP]b [P R^]eT]cX^] ST HXT]]T bda [T Sa^Xc STb

caPXcnb Tc S^]R PdRd]T aTR^]]PXbbP]RT T] Sa^Xc X]cTa]PcX^]P[ \^STa]T$

')$ F^dc Pd _[db Tuc#X[ _d pcaT T]eXbPVTPQ[T SÇX]e^`dTa [P ]d[[Xcn Sd

caPXcn _^da RPdbT SÇTaaTda" cT[[T `dT RTccT ]^cX^] Tbc SnUX]XT k [ÇPacXR[T )- ST

RTccT \p\T R^]eT]cX^]$ 5TccT SXb_^bXcX^] _ane^Xc `dÇ

{ MdN] jcPc _Tdc X]e^`dTa d]T TaaTda SP]b d] caPXcn R^\\T eXRXP]c b^]R^]bT]cT\T]c k pcaT [Xn _Pa [T caPXcn bX [ÇTaaTda _^acT bda d] UPXc ^d d]T bXcdP#

*(! ;[ Tbc _X`dP]c ST R^]bcPcTa `dÇT] &.++" RÇncPXc [T 5^]V^ `dX bT aTUdbPXc k c^dc TgP\T]

d[cnaXTda Sd R^]cT]cXTdg R^[^]XP[ `dÇX[ R^]bXSnaPXc R^\\T { cTa\X]n | 5WaXbcXP] > 7 <7 G @ 7 " LM# @FQ#!_$ *+'!$

*)! 7aXZ EFFK" {:Tc ;]cTa]PcX^]PP[ :^U T] ^]VT[XYZT eTaSaPVT]|" ,B 8Q>KA>>OA! &- UneaXTa

&.-. Tc :P]b H P ] :^ccccT" { LPraT T] WTc ;]cTa]PcX^]PP[ 9TaTRWcbW^U|" ,B 8Q>KA>>OA! '* UneaXTa

&.-.$

**!� /#1#2# )KKR>FOB $(''"$('(! _$ ++$ *+! >P _^bXcX^] `dÇPS^_cTaP [P 5^da SP]b <)CC>FOB AB @BOQ>FKBP QBOOBP X MELPME>QBP X 5>ROR

^t RT STa]XTa jcPc bÇ^__^bT k [Ç3dbcaP[XT { Pd bdYTc SÇd] SXUUnaT]S aT[PcXU k [P aT\XbT T] ncPc ST

RTacPX]Tb cTaaTb k _W^b_WPcTb M$$$N Tg_[^XcnTb b^db PS\X]XbcaPcX^] PdbcaP[XT]]T PeP]c [ÇX]Sn_T]#

SP]RT ST @Pdad| �/#`#2#! 7B@RBFI! &.-." _$ &'! _Ta\TccaP Pbbdan\T]c ST \XTdg bPXbXa [T R^]cT]d

ST RTccT ]^cX^] Tc bTb [X\XcTb$

')' ?$ H;@5;@7 3G 7F 4 $ 7D975

cX^] `dT RTc jcPc bd__^bPXc TgXbcTa Pd \^\T]c ^t [T caPXcn P ncn R^]R[d Tc`dX R^]bcXcdPXc d]T QPbT TbbT]cXT[[T Sd R^]bT]cT\T]c ST RTc jcPc k pcaT [Xn _Pa[T caPXcn |$

6P]b [P \TbdaT T] TUUTc ^t [Tb Pdc^aXcnb R^]V^[PXbTb ]T R^]]PXbbPXT]c _Pb

[ÇTgXbcT]RT STb PRR^aSb QT[V^#P\naXRPX] Tc QT[V^#QaXcP]]X`dT bda [ÇdaP]Xd\

R^]V^[PXb Pd \^\T]c ST R^]R[daT [ÇPRR^aS ST &.+*" ^] _^daaPXc PUUXa\Ta `dT

[Tda R^]bT]cT\T]c k pcaT [Xn _Pa RT cTgcT" RT]bn ^_naTa d]T an_PacXcX^] SnUX#

]XcXeT ST [ÇPRcXU Tc Sd _PbbXU R^[^]XPdg" ] ÇP _Pb ncn n\Xb T] _[TX]T R^]]PXb#

bP]RT ST RPdbT" _dXb`dT RTacPX]b n[n\T]cb ST [ÇPRcXU PePXT]c ncn _Pbbnb b^db

bX[T]RT$ 6T _[db" PdRd]T [X\XcT ST cT\_b ]ÇP ncn UXgnT _^da X]cT]cTa d]T

PRcX^] T] ]d[[Xcn SÇd] caPXcn _^da RPdbT SÇTaaTda$ AdcaT [ÇPQbT]RT SÇd]T

]^cX^] Vn]naP[T ST _aTbRaX_cX^] T] Sa^Xc X]cTa]PcX^]P[" [T b^dWPXc Tg_aX\n

_Pa RTacPX]Tb Sn[nVPcX^]b [^ab ST [P 5^]UnaT]RT STb @PcX^]b G]XTb bda [T

Sa^Xc STb caPXcnb ST e^Xa X\_^bTa d] Sn[PX SÇX]cT]cT\T]c ST _PaTX[[T PRcX^]

]ÇP _Pb ncn aT]R^]can$ 7] TUUTc" d] P\T]ST\T]c PdbcaP[XT] `dX _ane^hPXc

`dT [Ç7cPc S^]c [T R^]bT]cT\T]c PePXc ncn eXRXn _Pa d]T TaaTda STePXc { T]cP#

\Ta bP]b Sn[PX [P _a^RnSdaT ]nRTbbPXaT _^da ST\P]STa [ÇP]]d[PcX^]" Tc Pd

_[db cPaS S^diT! \^Xb P_aob Pe^Xa SnR^deTac [ÇTaaTda | P ncn aTYTcn T] 5^\#

\XbbX^] _[n]XoaT *,!$ 3 [P bd__^bTa ncPQ[XT" [ÇTaaTda _^daaPXc S^]R" T]R^aT

PRcdT[[T\T]c" pcaT eP[PQ[T\T]c X]e^`dnT _Pa [T LPraT k _a^_^b Sd caPXcn ST

&.+*$ ?PXb" ^dcaT [T UPXc `dT [ÇX]cnapc _^da [T LPraT ST b^d[TeTa [P ]d[[Xcn ST

RTc PRR^aS P__PaPqc S^dcTdg *-!" X[ bT\Q[T `dT [Tb b^\\Tb _TamdTb _Pa [P

4T[VX`dT T] P__[XRPcX^] STb PRR^aSb QT[V^#P\naXRPX] Tc QT[V^#QaXcP]]X`dT ST

&.)) PXT]c SP]b d]T [PaVT \TbdaT _a^UXcn k bP R^[^]XT PUaXRPX]T *.!$ A]

]^cTaP _Pb PX[[Tdab `dT [P 4T[VX`dT P" _Pa [P R^]eT]cX^] Sd ', YdX]

&.+' +%!" caP]bUnan VaPcdXcT\T]c Pd 5^]V^ ]^deT[[T\T]c X]Sn_T]SP]c STb

`dP]cXcnb ]^] ]nV[XVTPQ[Tb SÇdaP]Xd\ T]aXRWX `dÇT[[T PePXc PRWTcn Pdg

jcPcb#G]Xb$ 7]UX]" [P `dTbcX^] P__PaPqc [PaVT\T]c cWn^aX`dT SP]b [P \TbdaT

^t" Sob &.++" [Tb Pdc^aXcnb R^]V^[PXbTb ^]c aTUdbn SÇP__[X`dTa [P R^]eT]cX^]

Sd + UneaXTa &.+*$ > ÇX\_^acP]RT ST RT cTgcT SP]b [Tb aT[PcX^]b QT[V^#iPr#

a^XbTb PRcdT[[Tb ]T S^Xc S^]R _Pb pcaT bdaTbcX\nT Tc bX [Tb aP__^acb T]caT [Tb

P]RXT]]Tb R^[^]XTb Tc [Tda \nca^_^[T \naXcT]c" R^\\T [ÇT]bT\Q[T STb aP_#

_^acb @^aS#EdS" SÇpcaT aTSnUX]Xb" bP]b S^dcT UPdSaPXc#X[ [T UPXaT bda STb QPbTb

YdaXSX`dTb _[db R^]ePX]RP]cTb" PeTR [P e^[^]cn SÇX]bcPdaTa d] ^aSaT `dX b^Xc

enaXcPQ[T\T]c ]^deTPd$

*,! 5^]UnaT]RTb STb @PcX^]b G]XTb bda [T Sa^Xc STb caPXcnb" &Ä Tc 'T bTbbX^]b" ,L@# LCC#! _$ &-&$

*-! 6ÇPdcP]c `dÇX[ bÇPVXaPXc" bT[^] [P 5^\\XbbX^] Sd Sa^Xc X]cTa]PcX^]P[" SÇd]T ]d[[Xcn >? FKF"QFL! S^]c [Tb R^]bn`dT]RTb bTaPXT]c PdbbX ]^\QaTdbTb `dÇX\_aneXbXQ[Tb 1?FA$" _$ +.!$

*.! ET[^] ?$ EcT]VTab" [P 4T[VX`dT eTabPXc SdaP]c RTccT _naX^ST Pd 5^]V^ Pd IT[iXY]bU^]Sb

e^^a ST ;]Q^^a[X]VT]! STb b^\\Tb QXT] _[db X\_^acP]cTb `dT RT[[Tb `dÇT[[T aTRTePXc _^da ?^[ 0BQ3>>QPQB 5FBRTP! '* YP]eXTa &.-.!$

+%! 7#9#5#:$" e^[$ )+(" _$ ($