csgioh001-00 lp3-1 leading causes of fatalities l entry without testing l re-entry without testing...

CSGIOH001-00 LP3-1 www.nscsa.org

Leading causes of fatalities

Entry without testing Re-entry without testing Entering a space that has not been

ventilated Flammable/toxic vapors and gases


Leading causes of fatalities cont’d

Oxygen deficiency Using air-purifying respirators in an

oxygen deficient atmosphere Electrical shock Defective or misused equipment Physical and emotional factors


Exposure To Toxic Materials

Disease eg. Cancer, black lung, etc. Reproductive damage Allergic reactions Eyes, nose, throat, skin and/or lungs

burns at moderate levels of exposure Damage to any organ or tissue


Personal Exposure Limits (PEL)

Threshold Limit Value (TLV) Ceiling (TLV-C) Time Weighted Average (TWA Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL)


Threshold limit Value

An exposure to which nearly everyone can be exposed day after day without any adverse health affects.


Ceiling (TLV-C)

Concentration that should not be exceeded, even momentarily.


Time Weighted AverageTWA

8-hour day/40 hour week


Short Term Exposure Limit(STEL)

15 min. exposure, 60 min. break, 4 times a day


Immediate Danger to Life and Health (I.D.L.H.)

Immediate risk of injury, sickness or death.

NOT to be entered


Materials Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)


Lockout/Tagout

Energy sources• Electrical• Pressure• Momentum/Gravity• Residual / Store Energy


Blind


Flange/Blank


Tag


Lockout / Tag Devices


Oxygen

Oxygen Concentration

Effect

22.5% and above Increase FlammabilityEntry is not allowed at this point

21% Ideal20.9% Normal19.5% Minimum required to

maintain safe working conditions

Less than 18% Loss of judgement and coordination

Less than 15% Gradual loss of consciousness

Less than 12% Sudden Collapse and loss of consciousness

LP 5-1


Explosive Limits

Explosions

Explosive range:• Upper Explosive Limit (UEL)(UFL)• Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) (LFL)

Inhalation risks

LP 5-2


Classifications for Hazardous Locations

Class 1-where there is a danger of explosion due to the presence of a flammable gas or vapor

Class 11-where there is a danger of explosion due to presence of a flammable dust

Class 111- where there is a danger of explosion or flash fire due to presence of a flammable fibers or flyings

LP 5-4


Divisions

Division 1 -Location where an explosive mixture of gas,vapor,dust,fibers or flying, and air may exist under normal operating conditions

Division 2 - Location where an explosive mixture of gas,vapor, dust, fibers or flying, and air may exist under abnormal operating conditions ie. Accidental rupture of a vessel or container or failure of a ventilating system, etc

LP 5-5


Groups

Class 1

Group A - Acetylene

Group B - Butadlene. Hydrogen, Ethylene Oxide, Propylene Oxide

Group C - Acetadehyde, Ethylene, Cyclopropane, Ether Vapours, UDMH,Unsymmetrical

LP 5-6


Groups Continued

Group D -Acetone, Ammonia, Benzene, Butyl Alcohol, Butyl Acetate, Ethane, Ethyl Acetate, Ethylene Dichloride, Gasoline, Heptane, Hexanes, Isoprene, Methane, Methanol, Ketones, Propanol, Petroleum, Octanes, Pentanes, Propane, Ethanol Propylene, Stryene, Toluene, Vinyl Acetate, Vinyl Chloride, Xylanes

LP 5-7


Class 2

Group E - Metal dust includes Aluminum, Commercial Alloys and Magnesium

Group F - Carbon Black, Coal, Charcoal, Coke Dust Group G - Flour, Starch, Grain Dust

Groups Continued

LP 5-8


Class 1

A/c hangers, Breweries, Petroleum refineries and plants Paint Manufactures Hospitals, Sewers Tanks containing flammable/combustible liquids

LP 5-9


Class 2

Flour and Feed Mills Grain Elevator and ships Areas of packing pulverized sugar/Cocoa Coal Handling/ preparation Plants

LP 5-10


Class 3

Woodworking Plants Textile Mills Cotton Gins/Seed Mills Knitting/Weaving Mills

LP 5-11


Static Electricity


Exhaust VentilationLighter than Air Vapours

(Caution)

PATH OF FRESH AIR PATH OF EXHAUST AIR POSSIBLE GAS POCKETS ….. ……

…...


Exhaust VentilationHeavier than Air Vapours

(Caution)


…...


Dilution Ventilation - Effective

PATH OF EXHAUST AIR POSSIBLE GAS POCKETS ….. ……

…...

PATH OF FRESH AIR


Dilution Ventilation - Chimney Effect (Caution)


…...


Combination - Dilution and Exhaust Ventilation (Effective)

PATH OF EXHAUST AIR POSSIBLE GAS POCKETS ….. ……

…...

PATH OF FRESH AIR


Hazards of Confined Spaces

02 deficiency/enrichment

Difficult entry/exit

Bulk materials

Electrical shock


Dangers in Confined Space

fire/explosion toxicity drowning/entrapment Others


Hazards of Confined Spaces

Working surfaces slips & falls

Temp Extremes

Noise conditions

Poor visibility

Psychological factors


Example of Emergency Response Plan Check List

Communications Haz Mat Response Emergency response, (Rescue personnel)

notified or in place. Fire fighting response


Example ofEmergency Response Plan

Check List cont’d

Medical Aid response Policing notified or in place Emergency evacuation plans ready or

implemented Personnel Responsibilities detailed



Check List cont’d

Entry certificate (permit) completed with applicable signatures

Hazard Identification / Assessment Tag / Lockout Area cordoned off



Check List cont’d

Warning signs posted. Emergency response equipment in place. Transportation Emergency response, plan all personnel

involved, brief given including additional emergency response procedures


Purpose of the Entry Permit

To ensure existing and potential hazards are assessed.

Ensure preventive measures and procedures are identified.

Act as a checklist. In most case entrants are safe to work in

space within limits of the permit.


Entry Permit

Prepared by a designated competent person

Valid for the duration of a shift, not exceeding 24 hours after tests performed

Unless the conditions under which the permit was issued change prior to task completion

csgioh001-00 lp3-1 leading causes of fatalities l entry without testing l re-entry without testing...

Documents

day slide

tag slide

gases slide

tissue slide

blind slide

flangeblank slide

hour day40 hour week

explosive limits