csce5520 visibility pollution monitoring

8/8/2019 CSCE5520 Visibility Pollution Monitoring

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Visibility Monitoring usingVisibility Monitoring usingMobile PhonesMobile Phones

Sameera Poduri, Anoop Nimkar

and Gaurav S. Sukhatme

Department of Computer Science

University of Southern California

Presented by:

Andrew Arbini

Brandon Gozick


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Problem Definition0 As pollution around the

world increases, monitoring

air visibility is important for

our health as well as the

environment.

0 Develop an air visibility sensing system that uses off-

the-shelf sensors and can be easily deployed to beused by a large number of people.


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Introduction

0 Airborne particulate matter is a

serious threat to both our health

and environment.0 Air quality

0 Driving Safety

0 Tourism

0 Manmade air pollution has decreased visibility:

0 West Coast 44% (140 miles to 55 miles)

0 East Coast 22% (90 miles to 20 miles)

0 Air Visibility Monitoring Stations are low in number!


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Introduction

0 Particulate Matter

(PM2.5 & PM10)

0 Causes 22-55k deathsper year

0 Asthma

0 Heart disease

0Lung cancer

0 Cardiovascular issues

0 Premature Death


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Introduction

0 (a) California Air Quality by County

0 (b) California Monitoring Stations


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Hardware and Sensors0 HTC G1 3.1 megapixel camera

0 Any Smartphone containing:

0 Camera

0 Accelerometer

0 Magnetometer

0 Optional

0 GPS


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Software0 Created and tested using Android 1.5 SDK

0 Camera has fixed focal length

0 Preset, no zoom

0 Camera and Orientation API

0RGB image is segmented by user and sent to server

tagged with:

0 Location, weather conditions, time0 Accelerometer, magnetometer, GPS


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System Overview


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System Architecture0 Mobile Phone

0 GPS, time Solar Position

0 Accelerometer + Magnetometer Orientation0 Sky Segmentation

0 Server

0 Matlab

0Luminance prediction0Radiometric correction

0Turbidity


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System Architecture


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Methodology0 User takes a picture of sky

0 Orientation roll is less than 5

0 User segments/crops picture sky pixels


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Turbidity0 What is it?

0 The measure of the fraction of light scattering due to

haze as opposed to molecules.

0 Turbidity (T)

0 Vertical optical thickness (tm)

0 Vertical optical thickness of the haze atmosphere (th)


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Visibility Estimation

0 t Turbidity value

0 Intensity, I, computed from RGB values

0 I = 0.2126R + 0.7152G + 0.0722B

0 Turbidity increases as the Luminance Ratio increases


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Particulate Matter &

Turbidity0 PM and T averaged over 50 days in Los Angeles

0 PM concentration peaks in morning (traffic)

0 PM and Turbidity are directly proportional


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Air QualityIndex (AQ

I)

United States Environmental Protection Agency: Air Quality (2009)


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Air QualityIndex (AQ

I)

Allentown, Pennsylvania

Average AQI of United States 2009


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Experiments0 Static Camera for test samples and easy analysis

0 Mobile Phone0 Camera

0 Accelerometer

0 GPS

0 Magnetometer

0 HTC G1


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Static Camera0 South Mountain Web Camera - Phoenix

0 Altadena Weather Station Altadena, San Gabriel Valley

0 USC Rooftop Camera Station Los Angeles

0 HTC G1 with weather-proof box

0 Logs images every 15 minutes


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Static Camera0 South Mountain

Camera

overlookingPhoenix

0 t = turbidity

0 Good, t=2

0 Fair, t=3

0 Poor, t=6


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Clear vs. Hazy


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Application


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Application


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Application0 Collective Database (Server)


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Improvements

0 Calculated turbidity value correlates to measured AQI

and Smog/Hazy days very well.

0 More phone deployment for a bigger user database

0 iPhone, Blackberry, Windows Mobile, and more Android

phones

0 Application currently does not function correctly


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Related Work

0 Image processing based visibility mapping

0 Mixed computational analysis

0 Air quality mapping using mobile phones

0 Embedded environmental sensors

0 Sky Model based Camera Calibration

0 Stationary camera


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Questions | Comments


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R

eferences0 http://www.epa.gov/air/

0 S. Poduriand A. Nimkar and S. Sukhatme(2010),

Visibility monitoring using mobile phones,University of Southern California, Robotics Embedded

Systems Laboratory.

0 J. Lalonde, S. Narasimhan and A. Efros (2010), What

do the sun and the sky tell us about the

camera? International Journal on Computer Vision, vol.

88, pp 22-51.

csce5520 visibility pollution monitoring

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