csc203 - operating system concepts

8/3/2019 CSC203 - Operating System Concepts

1/55

L\L 27


2/55

FomitLn`wnoio} nc k ln`wy}ir |v|}i`

Wyrwn|i nc ko N\

Cyol}fno nc ko N\

Isnay}fno nc N\

Ikrav \v|}i`

\f`wai bk}ldim \v|}i`|

@ya}fwrnerk`ìm bk}ldim \v|}i`|

]fì \dkrfoe

Mi|h}nw \v|}i`|

Wkrkaaia \v|}i`|

Mf|}rfby}im \v|}i`|

Rika }fì \v|}i`|

Dkomdiam \v|}i`

FO]RNMYL]FNO


3/55

Ln`wnoio} nc k ln`wy}ir |v|}i`

Kb|}rkl} sfiu nc }di ln`wnoio}| nc k ln`wy}ir |v|}i`

Wyrwn|i nc ko N\

Wrnsfmi| ko iosfrnoìo}| cnr y|ir }n itily}i wrnerk`| ]n `khi |nasfoe y|ir wrnbai`| ik|fir/ Lnosiofio} cnr }di y|ir }n y|i }di ln`wy}ir |v|}i` Iccflfio} nwirk}fno nc }di ln`wy}ir |v|}i` i|wilfkaav cnr |dkrim `ya}f y|ir |v|}i`/

Cyol}fno nc ko N\

K ri|nyrli kaanlk}nrn

I/e/ nc ri|nyrli|: LWY }fì! ì`nrv |wkli! cfai |}nrkei |wkli! FN misfli| i}l/n Milfmi no dnu }n kaanlk}i }di|i ri|nyrli| }n |wilfcfl wrnerk` # y|ir| |n }dk} f} lko

nwirk}i }di ln`wy}ir |v|}i` iccflfio}av kom ckfrav

K lno}rna wrnerk`n @kokei }di itily}fno nc y|ir wrnerk`| }n wrisio}| irrnr # f`wrnwir y|i nc }di

ln`wy}ir

n Lnoliro uf}d nwirk}fno # lno}rna nc FN misfli|/

Y|ir Y|ir Y|ir Y|ir

Ln`wfair K||i`bair ]it} Imf}nr Mk}kbk|i \v|}i`

Kwwaflk}fno Wrnerk`|

Nwirk}foe \v|}i`

Ln`wy}ir Dkrmukri

Unrm wrnli||nr|!

|wrikm|dii}|! ln`wfair| #

uib brnu|ir|

Micfoi }di ukv| fo udfld }di|i

ri|nyrli| kri y|ir }n |nasi

y|ir| ln` y}fo rnbai`|

Lno}rna # lnnrmfok}i }di y|i nc

}di dkrmukri k`noe }di

skrfny| kwwaflk}fno wrnerk`|

nr }di skrfny| y|ir|/

LWY ì`nrv # FN misfli|

Wrnsfmi| }di bk|fl ln`wy}foe ri|nyrli| cnr }di |v|}i`


4/55

Isnay}fno nc N\

Ikrav \v|}i` \f`wai Bk}ld |v|}i` @ya}fwrnerk`ìm Bk}ld \v|}i`| ]fì \dkrfoe \v|}i` Wir|noka Ln`wy}ir \v|}i` Wkrkaaia \v|}i` Mf|}rfby}im \v|}i` Rika ]fì \v|}i`|

Ikrav \v|}i`

Wdv|flkaav akrei `kldfoi # ryo crn` lno|nai/ Ln``no Fn misfli wyold lkrm|! wkwir }kwi|! lkrm rikm|! afoi wrfo}ir|! `keoi}fl }kwi|/ Wrnerk`ìr| dksi }n honu }di `kldfoi akoeykei }n mn }di wrnerk``foe/ Wrnerk`| ankmim `koykaav fo}n }di ì`nrv/ Dfed |i}yw }fì kom dnb lnyam on} cfof|d no }fì

\f`wai Bk}ldim \v|}i`|

Jnb uf}d |f`fakr oiim| uiri bk}ldim }nei}dir kom ryo }drnyed }di ln`wy}ir k| k ernyw/n

Ai|| |i}yw }fì - ln`wfair mni| on} ldkoeim }nn cri{yio}/ Ri|fmio} `nof}nr

n ;|} N\ misianwn Kaukv| fo ì`nrv # lno}rnaaim }di nwirk}fno ky}n`k}flkaavnn ]di |wiim nc Fn misfli| uiri lno|}rkfoim bv }di |wiim nc }di ìldkoflka misfli|

mf|kmsko}kei : dfed miakv bi}uiio jnb |yb`f||fno # Jnb ln`wai}fno

Ncc-afoi Wrnli||foen Fo}rnmylim `keoi}fl }kwi


5/55

\wnnafoen \f`ya}koiny| wirfwdirka noafoin Fo}rnmylim }di mf|h }ildonanev rkomn` klli|| misflin Fo}rnmylim }di lnoliw} nc `ya}fwrnerk``foen Kmsko}kei: folrik|i fo |v|}i` wircnr`koli/

Lkrm Rikmir LWY Afoi Wrfo}ir

Lkrm LWY Afoi Wrfo}ir]kwi Mrfsi|]kwi

No-afoi F.N nwirk}fno

Ncc-afoi F.N nwirk}fno

Lkrm Afoi Wrfo}irLWY

Mf|h Mf|h kl}| k| k byccir cnr

rikmfoe ckr kdikm no fowy}

misfli| kom \}nrfoe ny}wy}

cfai| yo}fa ny}wy} misflikskfakbai


6/55

@ya}fwrnerk`ìm Bk}ldim \v|}i`|

N\ hiw} |isirka jnb| fo ì`nrv Kaa jnb| io}irim uiri hiw} fo k jnb wnna/ \iail}| jnb crn` jnb wnna }n ì`nrv $ jnb |ldimyafoe& \iail} jnb| }dk} uiri rikmv }n itily}i crn` ì`nrv }n bi itily}im bv LWY $ LWY |ldimyafoe& LNY kaukv| dkm jnb }n bi itily}im dfed LWY y}fafzk}fno Y|ir lnyam on} fo}irkl} uf}d }di jnb udio f} f| itily}foe/

]fì \dkrfoe

Fo}rnmyli `ya}f}k|hfoe \v|}i` Ko noafoi ln``yoflk}fno/

n Wrnsfmi| no afoi ln``yoflk}fno uf}d bi}uiio y|ir kom |v|}i`n Y|ir lko fo}irkl} uf}d df| wrnerk`| udfai }div kri itily}foe

@ya}fwrnerk``foe kom }fì |dkrfoe kri }di lio}rka }diì| nc `nmiro N\/

Mi|h}nw \v|}i`|

WL| kwwikrim fo ;657| Fof}fkaav mi|feoim cnr mimflk}i |foeai y|ir ]di ikrafir WL| uiri on} `ya}fwrnerk``foe nr `ya}f}k|hfoe Enka| nc f}| N\ ldkoeim uf}d }fì `ktf`fzfoe y|ir lnosiofioli # ri|wno|fsioi|| N\ uk| biio ywerkmi| }n |ywwnr} `ya}fwrnerk``foe # `ya}f}k|hfoe Dkrmukri ln|} f| anu # kccnrmkbai cnr fomfsfmyka y|ir

Wkrkaaia \v|}i`|

K lio}rkafzim |v|}i` nr }fed}av lnywai |v|}i` Lno|f|} nc `nri }di noi wrnli||nr by} |dkrfoe }di |kì by|! lanlh! ì`nrv kom wirfwdirka

misfli/ @ya}fwrnli||nr |v|}i`/

Kmsko}kei|

n Folrik|i }drnyedwy}n Ilnon`flkan Riafkbai

]UN ]vwi|: \v`ì}rfl @ya}fwrnli||foe K|v`ì}rfl ya}fwrnli||foe


7/55

Mf|}rfby}im \v|}i`|

Mf|}rfby}im Ln`wy}k}fno| k`noe |isirka wrnli||nr| fo |isirka anlk}fno|/ K ann|iav lnywaim |v|}i`/ Ikld wrnli||nr| dk| f}| nuo anlka ì`nrv! by| # lanlh/ Ln``yoflk}im uf}d noi kon}dir }drnyed ln``yoflk}fno afoi! i/e/: dfed |wiim by|i| nr

}iaiwdnoi afoi|

Kmsko}kei|8n Ri|nyrli |dkrfoen \wiim yw ln`wy}k}fno riafkbfaf}vn Ln``yoflk}fno

I/e/:n AKO! @KO # UKOn Lafio} |irsir |v|}i` # wiir }n wiir |v|}i`

Rika ]fì \v|}i`|

K |wilfka wyrwn|i N\ Dk| k uiaa mi}kfoim kom cftim }fì lno|}rkfo}| Nc}io y|im k lno}rna misfli fo ko mimflk}im kwwaflk}fno ]un caksnr|8

n Dkrm rika }fì |v|}i` Eykrko}ii| }dk} lrf}flka }k|h }n bi ln`wai}im no }fì I/e/: rnbn}fl|! fomy|}rfka lno}rna

n \nc} rika }fì |v|}i`/ K lrf}flka rika }fì }k|h ei}| wrfnrf}v nsir n}dir }k|h kom ri}kfo| }dk} wrfnrf}v

yo}fa ln`wai}i|

I/e/: K]@ `kldfoi! `ya}fìmfk! SR

Dkomdiam \v|}i`

Y|im fo `nbfai misfli Lnosiofioli kom wnr}kbai Af`f}k}fno

n @i`nrv |fzin Mf|wakv |lriion \wiim nc wrnli||nr/


8/55

Fomit

Ln`wy}ir |v|}i` nwirk}fno

Bnn}|}rkw

Fo}irryw}

\}nrkei \}ryl}yri

FN \}ryl}yri

N\ Krldf}il}yri

\foeai Wrnli||nr

@ya}fwrnli||nr

Lay|}irim |v|}i`

Ln`wy}ir Nrekofzk}fno


9/55

Ln`wy}ir \v|}i` Nwirk}fno

Bnn}|}rkw

LWYMf|h Lno}rnaair Wrfo}ir Lno}rnaair ]kwi Mrfsi Lno}rnaair

@i`nrv

Lno}rnaair

@i`nrv

\v|}i` by| wrnsfmi klli|| }n

|dkri ì`nrv

Misfli lno}rnaair - Fo

ldkoei nc k |wilfcfl }vwi

nc misfli/

Io|yri nrmirav klli|| }n

ì`nrv

\voldrnofzi klli|| }n ì`nrv

mf|h| Wrfo}ir ]k i Misfli|

Fof}fkafzi kaa k|wil} nc }di |v|}i`

Anlk}i k| hiroia kom ankm f} fo}n ì`nrv

Ukf} cnr ko isio} }n nllyr

\}kr} itily}foe }di ;|} wrnerk`


10/55

Fo}irryw}n Fo}irryw} f| |feoka |io} LWY bv ko nllyrrioli nc ko isio}/n Fo}irryw} f| }rfeeirim bv :

Dkrmukri |io} \feoka ]drnyed }di by| \nc}ukri itily}im |wilfka fo|}ryl}fno lkaaim |v|}i` lkaa nr `nof}nr lkaa

n ]ir`|: Fo}irryw} Sil}nr ko krrkv nc wnfo}ir }dk} dnam kmmri|| nc fo}irryw} |irsfli

rny}foi cnr }di skrfny| misfli|

]rkw k |nc}ukri eioirk}im fo}irryw} onr`kaav lky|im ko irrnr nr |wilfcflri{yi|} crn` y|ir|/

n @nmiro N\ f| fo}irryw} mrfsion \}iw| fo Dkomafoe Fo}irryw}|:

\}nrkei \}ryl}yri

@kfo @i`nrv :n Lno}kfo| ln`wy}ir wrnerk`| }n bi itily}imn ]di noav akrei |}nrkei krik }dk} wrnli||nr lko klli|| mfril}av/

\ilnomkrv \}nrkei:

n it}io|fno }n `kfo `i`nrvn kbai }n dnam akrei {yko}f}v nc mk}k wir`koio}av

\}nrkei misfli dfirkrldv:Rief|}ir

@kfo @i`nrv

Lkldi

Iail}rnofl mf|h

@k oi}fl mf|h

Nw}flka mf|h

@k oi}fl }k i|

LWY |}nw| udk}isir f| mnfoe kom }rko|cir itily}fno }n k cftim

Fo}irry } |irsfli rny}foi

Ri|y`i fo}irry }im ln` y}k}fno/


11/55

FN \}ryl}yri

Misfli Lno}rnaair:n Fo ldkrei nc |wilfcfl }vwi nc FN misfli|n Dk| k anlka byccir kom k |i} nc |wilfka wyrwn|i rief|}irn Ri|wno|fbai cnr `nsfoe mk}k bi}uiio }di wirfwdirka misfli| }di f} lno}rna| kom f}| anlka

byccir

FN nwirk}fno:n LWY ankm | }di kwwrnwrfk}i rief|}ir| uf}dfo }di misfli lno}rnaairn Misfli lno}rnaair itk`foi| }di lno}io}| nc rief|}ir| kom mi}ir`foim udk} kl}fno }n bi

}khio

n Ln`wai}fno nc FN bv }rfeeirfoe no fo}irryw}| FN ì}dnm:

\voldrnony| FN K|voldrnony| FN\f`wai lk|i Ri}yro lno}rna }n y|ir wrnli||

uf}dny} ukf}foe cnr }di FN ln`wai}fno

Lno}rna f| ri}yro }n }di y|ir

wrnli|| udio }di FN nwirk}fno f|

ln`wai}im

Folrik|i |v|}i` iccflfiolv bilky|i f}

kaanu| lnolyrrio} FN Nwirk}fno

N\ honu| itkl}av udfld misfli f|

fo}irryw}foe

Misfli |}k}y| }kbai f| ri{yfrim }n

hiiw }rklh udfld misfli f|

fo}irryw}foe

M@K \}ryl}yrin Mfril} ì`nrv klli||/n Y|im cnr dfed |wiim FN misfli|! kbai }n }rko|`f} focnr`k}fno k} lan|i }n ì`nrv |wiimn Misfli lno}rnaair }rko|cir banlh| nc mk}k crn` byccir |}nrkei mfril}av }n `kfo ì`nrv

uf}dny} LWY fo}irsio}fno

n Noav noi fo}irryw}| wir banlh rk}dir }dko wir bv}i eioirk}im bv anuir |wiim misfli|/

Ri{yi|} wrnli|| ukf}foe

Misfli mrfsir

Fo}irryw} dkomair

Dkrmukri mk}k ]rko|cir

Ri{yi|} wrnli|| ukf}foe

Misfli mrfsir

Fo}irryw} dkomair

Dkrmukri mk}k ]rko|cir


12/55

Ln`wy}ir \v|}i` Krldf}il}yri

\foeai wrnli||nr |v|}i`|n Y|im bv `n|} |v|}i`|n Noi `kfo LWY lkwkbai nc itily}foe k eioirka wyrwn|i fo|}ryl}fno |i}

@ya}fwrnli||nr |v|}i`|n K| honuo k| wkrkaaia |v|}i` nr }fed}av lnywai |v|}i`n Dksi 2 nr `nri wrnli||nr| fo lan|i ln``yoflk}fno! |dkrfoe }di ln`wy}ir by|!

|nì}fì| lanlh ( ì`nrv ( wirfwdirka/

n Kmsko}kei|: dfed }drnyedwy}! ilnon`v nc \lkai ( riafkbfaf}vn ]un }vwi :

K|v`ì}rfl ya}fwrnerk``foe Ikld wrnli||nr f| k||feoim |wilfcfl }k|h Micfoi k `k|}ir |aksi riak}fno|dfw

\v`ì}rfl ya}fwrnerk``foe/ Ikld wrnli||nr wircnr`| kaa }k|h|/


13/55

Fomit

N\ nwirk}fno|

Wrnli|| kokeiìo}

@kfo i`nrv

\}nrkei kokeiìo}

Wrn}il}fno # |ilyrf}v

Mf|}rfby}im |v|}i`

\wilfka wyrwn|i |v|}i`

\wilfka wyrwn|im |v|}i`

Ln`wy}foe iosfrnoìo}

N\ |irsfli|

Y|ir N\ fo}irckli

\v|}i` Lkaa|

\v|}i` Wrnerk`|

\v|}i` bnn}

Nwirk}foe \v|}i` Lnoliw}|


14/55

N\ nwirk}fno|

\dkrfoe \v|}i` ri|nyrli| ri{yfri| N\ }n io|yri }dk} ko folnrril} wrnerk` lkoon} lky|i n}dirwrnerk`| }n itily}i fo lnrril}av/

Cnr dkrmukri wrn}il}fno/n Myka @nmi Nwirk}fno

]n `khi |yri wrnwir itily}fno nc N\! ui `y|} bi kbai }n mf|}foeyf|d 2 |iwkrk}i`nmi| nc nwirk}fno|:

Y|ir `nmi Hiroia `nmi $ k| honuo k| |ywirsf|nr `nmi! |v|}i` `nmi! wrfsfaieim

`nmi&

K bf}8 `nmi Bf} ufaa bi kmmim }n }di dkrmukri }n fomflk}i }di lyrrio} `nmi: Hiroia `nmi $7& Y|ir `nmi$;&

Wrfsfaieim fo|}ryl}fno| @kldfoi fo|}ryl}fno }dk} `kv lky|i dkr` ]n wrisio}| N\ crn` irrko} Y|ir kom irrko} y|ir crn` noi kon}dir/ Noav kaanuim }n bi itily}im fo }di hiroia `nmi

n ]f`ir Udv>

Io|yri }dk} N\ `kfo}kfo| lno}rna nsir }di LWY Wrisio} k y|ir wrnerk` crn` ei}}foe |}ylh fo ko focfof}i annw nr on}

lkaafoe |v|}i` |irsfli # oisir ri}yro lno}rna }n }di N\

\i} }n fo}irryw} }di ln`wy}ir kc}ir k |wilfcfim wirfnm Cftim $ i/e/ : ; wir 37 |ilnom& Skrfkbai $i/e/ : ; `faaf|ilnom }n ; |ilnom&

Hiroia @nmi Y|ir @nmiFo}irryw}. }rkw.|v|}i` lkaa


15/55

Wrnli|| kokeiìo}

Wrnerk` mni| on}dfoe yoai|| f}| fo|}ryl}fno| kri itily}im bv }di LWY lkaaim k wrnli|| K wrnli|| oiim| lir}kfo ri|nyrli| folaymfoe LWY }fì! ì`nrv ! cfai| kom FN misfli| }n

klln`waf|d f}| }k|h

N\ ri|wno|fbfaf}fi|n Lrik}fno kom miai}fno nc y|ir kom |v|}i` wrnli||i|n \y|wio|fno kom ri|y`w}fno nc wrnli||i|n Wrnsf|fno nc ìldkof|`| cnr :

Wrnli|| |voldrnofzk}fno Wrnli|| ln``yoflk}fno Mikmanlh dkomafoe

@kfo i`nrv @kokeiìo}

@i`nrv f| akrei krrkv nc unrh nr bv}i! ikld uf}d f}| nuo kmmri||/ F} f| k riwn|f}nrv nc {yflhavklli||fbai mk}k |dkrim bv }di LWY kom FN misfli|/

@kfo @i`nrv f| k snak}fai |}nrkei misfli N\ ri|wno|fbfaf}fi|:

n Hiiw }rklh nc ì`nrv anlk}fnon Milfmi udfld wrnli||ir| kri }n bi ankmim fo}n ì`nrvn Kaanlk}i kom mika anlk}i| ì`nrv |wkli|/

\}nrkei @kokeiìo}

N\ wrnsfmi| k yofcnr`! aneflka sfiu nc focnr`k}fno |}nrkei lnosiofio} }n }di y|ir| N\ kb|}rkl}| crn` }di wdv|flka wrnwir}fi| nc f}| |}nrkei misfli| }n micfoi k aneflka |}nrkei yof}

$cfai&/

N\ `kw| cfai no}n wdv|flka ìmfk kom klli||i| }di|i cfai| sfk }di |}nrkei misfli| ]vwi| nc |}nrkei `kokeiìo}:

n Cfai |v|}i` `kokeiìo}n @k|| \}nrkei `kokeiìo}n FN \v|}i`|


16/55

Cfai kokeiìo}

Noi nc }di `n|} sf|fbai ln`wnoio}| nc ko N\ K cfai f| k lnaail}fno| nc riak}im focnr`k}fno micfoim bv f}| lrik}nr/ Ln``noav cfai riwri|io}|

wrnerk`| kom mk}k/

Cfai| kri nrekofzim fo}n mfril}nrfi| }n `kmi }di ik|fir }n y|i N\ ri|wno|fbfaf}fi| :

n Lrik}foe kom miai}foe cfai|n Lrik}foe kom miai}foe mfril}nrfi| }n nrekofzi cfai|n \ywwnr}foe wrf`f}fsi| cnr `kofwyak}foe cfai kom mfril}nrfi|n @kwwfoe cfai| no}n |ilnomkrv |}nrkei bklhfoe yw cfai no |}kbai $onosnak}fai&|}nrkei

ìmfk/

@k||-\}nrkei kokeiìo}

@n|} `nmiro ln`wy}ir |v|}i` y|i mf|h k| }di wrfolfwka no-afoi |}nrkei ìmfy` cnr bn}dwrnerk`| kom mk}k

N\ ri|wno|fbfaf}fi| :n Crii-|wkli `kokeiìo}n \}nrkei kaanlk}fnon Mf|h |ldimyafoe

FN |v|}i`| Noi wyrwn|i nc N\ f| }n dfmi }di nwirk}fno| fo|fmi }di dkrmukri misfli crn` y|ir/ FN |yb|v|}i` lno|f|}| nc:

n K ì`nrv `kokeiìo} ln`wnoio}| folaymfoe byccirfoe! lkldfoe! kom |wnnafoen Eioirka misfli mrfsir fo}ircklin Mrfsir| cnr |wilfcfl dkrmukri misfli|/

Wrn}il}fno kom |ilyrf}v

Wrn}il}fno:n Kov ìldkof|` cnr lno}rnaafoe }di klli|| nc wrnli||i| nr y|ir| }n }di ri|nyrli|n Wrnsfmi ìko| cnr |wilfcflk}fno nc }di lno}rna| }n bi f`wn|im kom ìko| cnr

iocnrliìo}

n F`wrnsi riafkbfaf}v bv mi}il}foe ak}io} irrnr| k} }di fo}irckli bi}uiio ln`wnoio}|yb|v|}i`|/


17/55

Mf|}rfby}im |v|}i`

K mf|}rfby}im |v|}i`:n K Lnaail}fno nc wdv|flkaav |iwkrk}i ln`wy}ir |v|}i`| }dk} kri oi}unrhim }n wrnsfmi }di

y|ir| uf}d klli|| }n }di skrfny| ri|nyrli| }dk} }di |v|}i` `kfo}kfo|/

n Folrik|i| ln`wy}k}fno |wiim! cyol}fnokaf}v! mk}k kskfakbfaf}v kom riafkbfaf}v/ Oi}unrh

n K ln``no wk}d bi}uiio }un nr `nri |v|}i`|n Skrv kllnrmfoe }n }di y|im nc:

Wrn}nlna $]LW! FW! K]@& Mf|}koli bi}uiio onm| $AKO! @KO!UKO& ]rko|wnr} ìmfk $lnwwir ufri! cfbir| }rko|! ufriai||&

ON\n Ko N\ }dk} wrnsfmi| cik}yri| |yld k| cfai |dkrfoe klli|| kom k ln``yoflk}fno |ldiì

}dk} kaanu mfccirio} wrnli||i| no mfccirio} ln`wy}ir| }n itldkoei ì||kei|

Mf|}rfby}im N\ wrnsfmi ai|| ky}non`ny| iosfrnoìo} }di mfccirio} N\ ln``yoflk}i lan|iavionyed }n wrnsfmi faay|fno }dk} noav k |foeai N\ fm lno}rnaafoe }di Oi}unrh/

\wilfka Wyrwn|i Ln`wy}ir

Lak|| nc ln`wy}ir |v|}i`| udn|i cyol}fno| kri `nri af`f}im kom udn|i nbjil}fsi f| }n mika uf}daf`f}im ln`wy}k}fno mn`kfo

n Rika-}fì i`bimmim |v|}i`| @n|} Wriskaio} Cnr` nc ln`wy}ir itf|}ioli }div kri cnyom isirvudiri $ i/e/

: lkr ioefoi|! `flrnuksi nsio|&/

Dksi sirv |wilfcfl }k|h ]di |v|}i`| }div ryo no kri wrf`f}fsi - N\ wrnsfmi af`f}im cik}yri| Af}}ai nr on y|ir fo}irsio}fno - `nof}nrfoe kom `kokefoe dkrmukri misfli|

n @ya}fìmfk |v|}i`| @ya}fìmfk mk}k

Lno|f|} nc kymfn ( sfmin cfai| k| uiaa k| lnosio}fnoka cfai @y|} bi miafsirim $|}rikìm& kllnrmfoe }n lir}kfo }fì ri|}rfl}fno| $i/e/

:


18/55

Af`f}k}fno| \`kaa k`nyo} nc ì`nrv

n \fzi: 9;2 hb }n ;24 `bn Lrf}flka }k|h }n N\ ri}yrofoe kaa kaanlk}im ì`nrv bklh }n }di

ì`nrv `kokeir udio }di ì`nrv f| on} bifoe y|i

\anu wrnli||nr|n \`kaa |wkli |`kaa bk}}irv! ai|| wnuir

\`kaa mf|wakv |lriio

Ln`wy}foe iosfrnoìo}

]rkmf}fnoka ln`wy}foe Lafio}- |irsir ln`wy}foe Wiir }n wiir ln`wy}foe Uib bk|im ln`wy}foe

]rkmf}fnoka ln`wy}foe

WL| lnooil}im }n k oi}unrh \irsir| wrnsfmfoe cfai ( wrfo}foe |irsfli| Af`f}im ri`n}i klli|| ( wnr}kbfaf}v nw}fno| ]ir`foka uiri k}}kldim }n `kfocrkì| \anu `nmi` lnooil}fno|

Focayioli crn` }di uib }ildonanefi| Ln`wkofi| i|}kbaf|d wnr}ka uib klli||fbfaf}v

}n fo}iroka |irsir|/

Oi}unrh ln`wy}ir Dkomdiam ln`wy}ir lnooil} }n ufriai|| Erik} oi}unrh lnooil}fno |wiim k} anu ln|} Cfriukaa


19/55

Lafio} |irsir ln`wy}foe

Eioirka |}ryl}yri nc k lafio} |irsir |v|}i`

\irsir |v|}i` |k}f|cv ri{yi|} eioirk}im bv lafio} |v|}i`| \irsir |v|}i` lko bi brnkmav lk}ienrfzim k|

n ]di ln`wy}ir |irsir |v|}i` Wrnsfmi| ko fo}irckli }n udfld lafio} lko |iom k ri{yi|} }n wircnr` ko kl}fno (

|iom| bklh ri|ya}| }n }di lafio}

I/e/: k |irsir |v|}i` lko bi brnkmav lk}ienrfzim k| ]di ln`wy}ir |irsir |v|}i`

n Wrnsfmi| ko fo}ir ckli }n udfld lafio}| lko |iom k ri{yi|} }nwircnr` ko kl}fno ( |iom| bklh ri|ya} }n }di lafio}

n I/e/: k |irsir ryoofoe k mk}kbk|i }dk} ri|wnom| }n lafio}|ri{yi|} cnr mk}k

]di cfai |irsir |v|}i`n Wrnsfmi| k cfai |v|}i` fo}irckli udiri lafio}| lko lrik}i ywmk}i!

rikm kom miai}i cfai|/

n I/e/: uib |irsir }dk} miafsir| cfai| }n lafio}| ryoofoe uibbrnu|ir/

Wikr }n wiir ln`wy}foe

Ikld onmi okv kl}| k| if}dir k lafio}| nc k |irsir/ Kmsko}kei : |irsfli| lko bi wrnsfmim bv |isirka onmi| }drnyedny} }di oi}unrh ]n wkr}flfwk}i fo k W2W |v|}i`! k onmi `y|} ;|} jnfo }di oi}unrh nc wiir|/ ]dio f} lko biefo

wrnsfmfoe |irsfli| }n kom ri{yi|}foe |irsfli| crn` n}dir onmi| fo }di oi}unrh

Wakv k rnai fo }di cy}yri nc `kov |irsfli|: |ikrldfoe! cfai itldkoei kom i`kfa/

Lafio} Lafio} Lafio} Lafio}

\irsir


20/55

Uib bk|im ln`wy}foe

Uib ln`wy}foe dk| folrik|im }di i`wdk|f| no oi}unrhfoen Misfli|

Dk| ufri kom ufriai|| klli|| Ck|}ir oi}unrh lnooil}fsf}v! wrnsfmim bv if}dir f`wrnsim oi}unrh }ildonanev! Nw}f`fzim oi}unrh| f`waiìo}k}fno nr bn}d

n Rf|i nc oiu lk}ienrfi| nc misfli| I/e/: ankm bkakolir - mf|}rfby}i oi}unrh lnooil}fno| k`noe k wnna n |f`fakr

|irsir|

n Folrik|im }di ln`waitf}v nc misfli| uib-iokbaim

Nwirk}foe |v|}i` |irsfli|

\i} nc |irsfli| }dk} wrnsfmi cyol}fno| }dk} kri diawcya }n }di y|ir|:n Y|ir fo}irckli

Ln``kom-afoi fo}irckli-y|i| }it} ln``kom| kom k ì}dnm cnr io}irfoe }di` Bk}ld fo}irckli ln``kom kom mfril}fsi| }n lno}rna }dn|i ln``kom| kri

io}irim fo}n cfai| kom }dn|i cfai| kri itily}im

EYF ufomnu |v|}i` uf}d k wnfo}foe misfli }n mfril} FN! ldnn|i| crn` ìoy!`khi |iail}fno # hivbnkrm }n io}ir }it}/

n Wrnerk` itily}fno \v|}i` `y|} bi kbai ankm k wrnerk` fo}n ì`nrv kom ryo }dk} wrnerk`/ Wrnerk` `y|} bi kbai }n iom itily}fno

n FN nwirk}fno| N\ wrnsfmi| k ìko }n mn FNn Cfai |v|}i` `kofwyak}fnon Ln``yoflk}fno f`waiìo}im }dry |dkrim ì`nrv kom ì||kei wk||foen Irrnr mi}il}fno

N\ `y|} lno|}ko}av kukri nc wn||fbai irrnr Cnr ikld }vwi nc irrnr! N\ |dnyam }khi kwwrnwrfk}i kl}fno }n io|yri lnrril} kom

lno|f|}io} ln`wy}foe/

\i} nc |irsfli| cnr io|yrfoe iccflfio} nwirk}fno nc }di |v|}i`n Ri|nyrli kaanlk}fno

Udio `ya}fwai y|ir|. `ya}fwai jnb| ryoofoe k} }di |kì }fì! ri|nyrli| `y|}bi kaanlk}im }n ikld nc }di` I/e/ : LWY |ldimyafoe

n Kllnyo}foe Hiiwfoe }rklh nc udfld y|ir| y|i dnu `yld kom hfm| nc ri|nyrli| \}k}f|}fl| kri skaykbai }nna| }n rilnocfeyri }di |v|}i` }n f`wrnsi ln`wy}foe

|irsfli|


21/55

n Wrn}il}fno kom |ilyrf}v Wrn}il}fno fosnasi io|yrfoe }dk} kaa klli|| }n |v|}i` ri|nyrli| f| lno}rnaaim \ilyrf}v crn` }di ny}|fmi|! miciomfoe it}iroka FN misfli|! foskafm klli||

k}}i`w}| kom rilnrmfoe kaa |yld nc lnooil}fno| cnr mi}il}fno nc brikh-fo/

Y|ir nwirk}foe |v|}i` fo}irckli

]un cyomkìo}ka kwwrnkldi|n Ln``kom fo}irwri}ir

Ln``kom fo}irwri}ir Kaanu| y|ir }n mfril}av io}ir ln``kom| }dk} kri }n bi wircnrìm bv N\

n Erkwdflka Y|ir Fo}irckli $EYF& Kaanu y|ir| }n fo}irkl} uf}d N\ sfk k erkwdflka y|ir fo}irckli

Ln``kom Fo}irwri}ir

\nì N\ folaymi }di ln``kom fo}irwri}ir fo }di hiroia \nì $I/e/ : ufomnu| TW # YOFT& }rik} }di ln``kom fo}irwri}ir k| k |wilfka wrnerk` }dk} f|

ryoofoe udio k jnb f| fof}fk}im nr udio k y|ir cfr|} ane| no

No |v|}i`| uf}d `ya}fwai ln``kom fo}irwri}ir| }n ldnn|i crn` }di fo}irwri}ir| kri honuo k||diaa|/

@kfo cyol}fno nc ln``kom fo}irwri}ir }n ei} itily}im }di oit} y|ir |wilfcfim ln``kom $i/e/:`kofwyak}foe cfai|&

Erkwdflka Y|ir Fo}irckli|

Y|ir crfiomav Wrnsfmi| `ny|i bk|im ufomnu kom ìoy |v|}i` k| ko fo}irckli Wrnsfmi| mi|h}nw ì}kwdnr! `ny|i f| `nsim }n wn|f}fno f}| wnfo}ir no f`kei| 6flno|& no }di

|lriio }dk} riwri|io} wrnerk`|! cfai| i}l/

Laflhfoe k by}}no no }di `ny|i lko fosnhi $cnamir nr wyaa mnuo k ìoy }dk} lno}kfo| ln``kom|


22/55

\v|}i` Lkaa|

Wrnsfmi ko fo}irckli }n }di |irsfli| `kmi kskfakbai bv N\ Kskfakbai k| rny}foi| urf}}io fo L # L(( # k||i`bav akoeykei ]drii eioirka ì}dnm| }n wk|| wkrkì}ir| }n }di N\:

n Wk|| wkrkì}ir fo k }kbai fo ì`nrv ( }di }kbai kmmri|| f| wk||im k| k wkrkì}irn Fo k rief|}irn Wy|d $|}nri& }di wkrkì}ir| no}n }di |}klh bv }di wrnerk` ( wnw ncc }di |}klh bv

nwirk}foe |v|}i`/

]vwi nc |v|}i` lkaa|

Lko bi ernywim fo}n 9 `kjnr lk}ienrfi| :n Wrnli|| lno}rna

Iom! kbnr}

Ankm itily}i Lrik}i wrnli||! }ir`fok}i wrnli|| Ei} wrnli||! }ir`fok}i wrnli|| Ei} wrnli|| k}}rfby}i|! |i} wrnli|| k}}rfby}i| Ukf} isio}|! |feoka isio} Kaanlk}i kom crii ì`nrv

n Cfai kofwyak}fno Lrik}i cfai! miai}i cfai Nwio! lan|i Rikm! urf}i! riwn|f}fno Ei} cfai k}}rfby}i|! |i} cfai k}}rfby}i|

n Misfli kofwyak}fno Ri{yi|} misfli! riaik|i misfli Rikm urf}i! ri|wnom Ei} misfli k}}rfby}i|! |i} misfli k}}rfby}i| Aneflkaav k}}kld nr mi}kld misfli

n Focnr`k}fno kfo}iokoli Ei} }fì . mk}i! |i} }fì . mk}i Ei} |v|}i` mk}k! |i} |v|}i` mk}k Ei} wrnli||! cfai nr misfli k}}rfby}i| \i} wrnli||! cfai nr misfli k}}rfby}i|

n Ln``yoflk}fno| Lrik}i! miai}i ln``yoflk}fno lnooil}fno| \iom! rilifsi ì||kei| ]rko|cir |}k}y| focnr`k}fno K}}kld nr mi}kld ri`n}i misfli|


23/55

\v|}i` wrnerk`|

Wrnsfmi k lnosiofio} iosfrnoìo} cnr wrnerk` misianwìo} kom itily}fno Mfsfmim fo}n 3 lk}ienrfi|:

n Cfai `kokeiìo} lrik}i! miai}i! lnwv! riokì kom `kofwyak}i cfai| kom mfril}nrfi|/n \}k}y| focnr`k}fno k|h cnr mk}i! }fì! k`nyo} nc kskfakbai ì`nrvn Cfai `nmfcflk}fno }it} imf}nr| }n lrik}i `nmfcv }di lno}io}| nc cfai| |}nrim no |}nrkei

misfli|

n Wrnerk``foe akoeykei |ywwnr} ln`wfair|! k||i`bai! mibyeeir kom fo}irwri}ir cnrln``no WA|

n Wrnerk` ankmfoe ko itily}fno noli k wrnerk` f| k||i`baim nr ln`wai}im! f} `y|} biankmim }n ì`nrv }n bi itily}im

n Ln``yoflk}fno| - wrnsfmi }di ìldkof|` cnr lrik}foe sf|yka lnooil}fno| k`noewrnli||! ì||kei| kom }n brnu|i uib wkei| i}l/

\v|}i` Bnn}

Wrnlimyri nc |}k}foe k ln`wy}ir bkv ankmfoe }di hiroia bnn}foe

]k|h| wircnrìm bv bnn}|}rkw wrnerk`|8n

Ryo mfkeon|}fl }n mi}ir`foi |}k}i nc }di `kldfoi! fc wk|| f} lno}foyi| }di bnn}foe |}iw|n Fof}fkafzi kaa k|wil}| nc }di |v|}i` $LWY rief|}ir|! misfli lno}rnaair kom lno}io}| nc }di

`kfo ì`nrv&! }dio |}kr} N\/

Bnn}|}rkw wrnerk` . bnn}|}rkw ankmir anlk}i }di hiroia

Ankm| }di hiroia }n `kfo ì`nrv

\}kr} itily}fno


24/55

Fomit

Nsirsfiu

Wrnli||

Wrnli|| |}k}i

Wrnli|| lno}rna banlh

Wrnli|| |ldimyafoe

\ldimyafoe {yiyi

\ldimyair|

Lno}it} |uf}ld

Wrnli|| Lnoliw}|


25/55

Wrnli||

Wrnli|| f| k wrnerk` fo itily}fno kom ko kl}fsi io}f}v/ Wrnli|| `y|} wrneri|| fo |i{yio}fkack|dfno

Wrnerk` f| k |i} nc fo |}ryl}yri kom k wk||fsi io}f}v K wrnli|| folaymi|

n Wrnerk` lnyo}ir riwri|io}| lyrrio} kl}fsf}vn \}klh lno}kfo| }i`wnrkrv mk}kn Mk}k |il}fno lno}kfo| eanbka skrfkbai|

2 }vwi| nc wrnli||:n N\ wrnli|| itily}i }di |v|}i` lnmi|n Y\IR wrnli|| itily}i y|ir lnmi|

Wrnli|| \}k}i

K} kov noi }f`i! }di wrnli|| ufaa bi fo noi |}k}i kom }di |k}i ldkoei| k| k wrnli|| itily}i| Noav noi wrnli|| lko bi ryoofoe k} noi }f`i kom `kov wrnli|| `kv bi rikmv kom ukf}foe

;/ Oiu }di wrnli|| f| bifoe lrik}im2/ Rikmv ukf}foe }n bi k||feoim }n k wrnli||nr


26/55

Wrnli|| lno}rna banlh $WLB&

Ikld wrnli|| f| riwri|io}im fo }di N\ bv k WLB nr lkaaim k ]k|h Lno}rna Banlh Ko io}f}v }dk} micfoi| k wrnli|| }n }di N\/ Ikld WLB f| yof{yi8 }diri kri on 2 WLB| kafhi/ WLB lno}kfo|:

n Wrnli|| |}k}in Wnfo}irn Wrnli|| oy`bir $kllnyo}foe focnr`k}fno&n Wrnerk` lnyo}irn LWY rief|}irn @i`nrv af`f}$`i`nrv `kokei`io} focnr`k}fno&n Af|} nc nwio cfai| $FN |}k}y| focnr`k}fno&n LWY |ldimyafoe focnr`k}fno


27/55

Wrnli|| |ldimyafoe [yiyi|

Fo k wrnli|| lvlai! k wrnli|| `fed} dksi }n ukf}8 }di wrnli|| ufaa bi waklim fo k {yiyi/n Jnb {yiyi

\i} nc kaa wrnli|| fo }di |v|}i`! }dk} kri ukf}foe } bi `nsim fo}n ì`nrvn Rikmv {yiyi

\i} nc kaa wrnli|| ri|fmfoe fo `kfo ì`nrv! rikmv kom ukf}foe }n bi itily}in Misfli {yiyi

\i} nc wrnli||i| ukf}foe cnr ko FN misfli

[yiyfoe Mfkerk`

\ldimyair|

Wrnli|| lko bi mi|lrfbim k| if}dir:n ;7 bnyom wrnli||i| |wiom| `nri }fì mnfoe FN }dko ln`wy}k}fno|8 `kov anoe LWY

byr|}/

n LWY bnyom Wrnli|| |wiom| `nri }fì mnfoe ln`wy}k}fno|8 ciu sirv anoe LWY byr|}|/ N\ |iail}| wrnli|| crn` noi {yiyi }n kon}dir ]di |iail}fno nc }di wrnli|| f| lkrrfim ny} bv |ldimyair:

n Anoe }ir` |ldimyairn \dnr} }ir` |ldimyairn @imfy` }ir` |ldimyair


28/55

Anoe ]ir` \ldimyair

K| honuo k| Jnb |ldimyair \iail}| wrnli||i| crn` }di jnb {yiyi kom ankm| }di` fo}n ì`nrv cnr itily}fno Anoe }ir` |ldimyair f| fosnhim sirv fo cri{yio}av $ noli fo k ciu `foy}i|& kom |anu ]di anoe }ir` |ldimyair lno}rna| }di mierii nc `ya}f wrnerk``foe $oy`bir nc wrnli|| fo

ì`nrv& kom k ln`bfok}fno nc FN bnyom kom LWY bnyom wrnli||i|/

\dnr} ]ir` \ldimyair

K| honuo k| LWY |ldimyair \iail} crn` k`noe }di wrnli||i| }dk} rikmv }n itily}i kom kaanlk}i| }di LWY }n noi nc }di` \dnr} }ir` |ldimyair f| fosnhim sirv cri{yio}av $ noli fo ;77 `faaf|ilnom|& kom sirv ck|}

@imfy` ]ir` \ldimyair

]di wrnli|| ufaa bi |ukwwim ny} crn` ì`nrv kom |ukwwim bklh fo ak}ir cnr lno}foyk}fno ]df| |ukwwfoe |ldiì f| }n rimyli }di mierii nc `ya}fwrnerk``foe kom bkakoli }di wrnli||

`ft}yri/

Lno}kl} \uf}ld

Dkwwioim udio |uf}ldfoe }di LWY }n kon}dir wrnli|| \ksfoe }di |}k}i kom ankmfoe }di |ksim |}k}i cnr oiu wrnli||/ Wyriav nsirdikm |v|}i` mni| on y|icya unrh udfai |uf}ldfoe


29/55

Fomit

Bk|fl lnoliw}|

LWY FN byr|} Lvlai

LWY |ldimyair

Wrii`w}fsi \ldimyafoe

Mf|wk}ldir

\ldimyafoe Lrf}irfk

\ldimyafoe Kaenrf}d`

CFCN

\JC

Wrfnrf}v

Rnyom Rnbfo $RR&

WY \ldimyafoe


30/55

Bk|fl Lnoliw}|

LWY |ldimyafoe f| }di bk|fl nc `ya}f wrnerk`ìm N\ - }n `khi |yri LWY oisir fmai kom`ktf`fzi LWY y}fafzk}fno

]di nbjil}fsi nc `ya}fwrnerk``foe f| }n dksi |nì wrnli||i| ryoofoe k} kaa }di }fì! fo nrmir }n`ktf`fzi LWY y}fafzk}fno/

LWY FN byr|} Lvlai

Wrnli|| Itily}fno kom FN ukf}/ Wrnli|| ka}irok}i bi}uiio }di|i 2 |}k}i|/ Wrnli|| itily}fno biefo| uf}d k LWY byr|} }di cnaanuim bv FN byr|} kom |n no/ ]di ak|} LWY

byr|} ufaa iom uf}d k |v|}i` ri{yi|} }n }ir`fok}i itily}fno/

Ka}irok}foe \i{yioli nc LWY Kom F.N Byr|}|


31/55

LWY |ldimyair

K| honuo k| \dnr} }ir` |ldimyair Fosnasim fo |iail}foe noi nc }di wrnli|| fo }di rikmv {yiyi }n bi itily}im udio }di LWY

biln`i fmai

Wrii`w}fsi |ldimyafoe

LWY |ldimyafoe `kv }khi wakli udio k wrnli||n \uf}ldi| crn` ryoofoe }n ukf}foe |}k}i $i/e/ FN ri{yi|}&n \uf}ldi| crn` ryoofoe }n rikmv |}k}i $i/e/ Fo}irryw} nllyr|&n \uf}ldi| crn` ukf}foe }n rikmv |}k}i $i/e/ ln`wai}fno nc FN&n ]ir`fok}i|

]un }vwi| nc |ldimyafoe:n Ono wrii`w}fsi noli }di LWY dk| biio kaanlk}im }n k wrnli|| kaanlk}im }n k wrnli||

hiiw| }di LWY yo}fa }ir`fok}i nr |uf}ldfoe }n kon}dir |}k}i

n Wrii`w}fsi noli }di LWY dk| biio kaanlk}im }n k wrnli||! }di wrnli|| hiiw| }di LWYyo}fa k lir}kfo lnomf}fno| nllyr }n riaik|i }di LWY/

Mf|wk}ldir

]di `nmyai }dk} efsi| lno}rna nc }di wrnli|| |iail}im bv }di |dnr} }ir` |ldimyair ]df| cyol}fno fosnasi|:

n \uf}ldfoe lno}it}/n \uf}ldfoe }di y|ir `nmin Jy`wfoe }n }di wrnwir anlk}fno fo }di y|ir wrnerk` }n ri|}kr} }di wrnerk`

Mf|wk}ld ak}iolvn ]f`i f} }khi cnr }di mf|wk}ldir }n |}nw noi wrnli|| kom |}kr} kon}dir ryoofoe


32/55

\ldimyafoe lrf}irfk

Lrf}irfk y|im }n ldnn|i }di kwwrnwrfk}i |ldimyafoe kaenrf}d`:n LWY y}fafzk}fno hiiw }di LWY k| by|v k| wn||fbain ]drnyedwy} oy`bir nc wrnli||i| }dk} ln`wai}i }difr itily}fno wir }fì yof}/n ]yrokrnyom }nì

K`nyo} nc }fì }n itily}i k wkr}flyakr wrnli|| Ln`wai}fno }fì krrfska }nì

n Ukf}foe }fì K`nyo} nc }fì k wrnli|| dk| biio ukf}foe fo }di rikmv {yiyi \}kr}foe }fì krrfska }fì

n Ri|wno|i }fì k`nyo} nc }fì f} }khi| crn` udio k ri{yi|} f| |yb`f}}im yo}fa }di ;|}ri|wno|i f| wrnmylim

]krei}n @ktf`fzi }di LWY y}fafzk}fno kom }drnyedwy}n @fof`fzi }yrokrnyom }fì! ukf}foe }fì kom ri|wnom }fì

\ldimyafoe kaenrf}d`

LWY |ldimyafoe mika| uf}d }di wrnbai` nc milfmfoe udfld nc }di wrnli||i| fo }di rikmv {yiyi }nbi kaanlk}im }n }di LWY/

Kskfakbai kaenrf}d`|:n CLC\$cfr|} lnì cfr|} |irsim&n \JC $ |dnr}i|} jnb cfr|}&n Wrfnrf}vn RR $ rnyom Rnbfo&

Cfr|} Lnì Cfr|} \irsim $CLC\&

]di |f`wai|} LWY |ldimyafoe kaenrf}d` ]di cfr|} wrnli|| }dk} ri{yi|} cnr LWY f| kaanlk}im cfr|} Ono wrii`w}fsi Wrnbai`|:

n Lnosnv Iccil} Kaa }di wrnli|| ukf} cnr }di noi bne wrnli|| }n ei} ncc }di LWY Anuir LWY kom LWY y}fafzk}fno

n On} |yf}kbai cnr }fì |dkrfoe |v|}i`n Dfed ksirkei ukf}foe }fì/


33/55

CLC\ $Itk`wai&

Cfr|}-Ln`i! Cfr|}-\irsim $CLC\& \ldimyafoe

Wrnli|| Byr|} ]f`i

W; 2=

W2

csc203 - operating system concepts

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