csae working paper wps/20!# · csae working paper wps/20!#-"! 0=73895#+
TRANSCRIPT
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CSAE Working Paper WPS/20!#-"!
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Sndib \ k\i`g ja 7-895 I`it\i kjgd^` j$^`mn- r` ncjr cjr oc` mdn` ja `ocid^kjgdod^n `i^mj\^c`_ ji oc`dm _\dgt ]`c\qdjm _pmdib I`it\)n di_`k`i_`i^`k`mdj_ *2;68.2;81+/ T` "i_ \ ndbid"^\io _`o`mdjm\odji di _dn^dkgdi` \ao`mI`it\)n "mno hpgodk\mot `g`^odji di 2;72 ajm ocjn` kjgd^` j$^`mn ja `ocid^bmjpkn \nnj^d\o`_ rdoc oc` _jhdi\io I?LS k\mot/ Rc`n` `!`^on \m` ijo_mdq`i ]t oc` n`g`^odji ja kjgd^`h`i- \n di_dqd_p\g j$^`mn ^c\ib` oc`dm]`c\qdjm rc`i oc`dm `ocid^ bmjpk b\din kjgdod^\g kjr`m/ Tcdg` r` "i_ ij`qd_`i^` ja a\qjmdodnh rdocdi oc` kjgd^`- r` ncjr oc\o ncj^fn oj kjgdod^\g_jhdi\i^` ^\i nodgg ^c\ib` \oodop_`n \i_ ej] k`majmh\i^`/
!N\mdn Q^cjjg ja C^jijhd^n= Ch\dg< jgdq`mq\i_`i`ti_`>bh\dg/^jh- Ajmm`nkji_dib \pocjm/#Q^cjjg ja Ejq`mih`io ( Gio`mi\odji\g ?!\dmn- Bpmc\h Sidq`mndot= C.h\dg<
k/h/fpci>_pmc\h/\^/pf/$B`k\moh`io ja C^jijhd^n- Sidq`mndot ja Qpnn`s- Hp]dg`` @pdg_dib- D\gh`m- @L2 ;QL- SI/
?gnj \$gd\o`_ rdoc oc` A`io`m ajm oc` Qop_t ja ?amd^\i C^jijhd`n- Sidq`mndot ja Msajm_- B`.k\moh`io ja C^jijhd^n- K\ijm Pj\_- Msajm_- MU2 4SO- SI- \i_ P`n`\m^c ?nnj^d\o`- B`k\mo.h`io ja C^jijhd^n- Qo`gg`i]jn^c Sidq`mndot- Qjpoc ?amd^\/ C.h\dg< ?/Kjm\_d>npnn`s/\^/pf/
"T` \m` bm\o`apg oj H`\i.K\md` @\g\i_- B`idn Ajbi`\p- Pd^c\m_ Bdni`t- Rd]`mdp Bm\bp-H\h`n D`inf`- K\d F\nn\i- P`hd H`_r\]- L\oc\i Lpii- Rdhjoct N\mnjin- B\i Njni`m- FjnitWj\]d- \i_ n`hdi\m \p_d`i^`n \o oc` 3126 Tjmg_ C^jijhd^ Fdnojmt Ajibm`nn- oc` 3126 ?CFLK``odib- oc` LCQ AQBQG Ajia`m`i^` 3126- oc` CNQ? ?iip\g K``odib 3127- oc` Ljmoc`\noP`n`\m^c B`q`gjkh`io Tjmfncjk *LCPB+- NQC- Qpnn`s- \i_ TE?NC *LVS ?]p Bc\]d+/ T`oc\if I`it\ Njgd^` FO ajm bm\iodib pn \^^`nn oj oc` I`it\ Njgd^` Q`mqd^` P`bdno`mn/ T` \m`\gnj bm\o`apg oj I`it\ L\odji\g ?m^cdq`n ajm npkkjmo di m`omd`qdib oc`h/ B\o\ ^jgg`^odji r\napi_`_ ]t \i CQPA Ddmno Em\io Q^c`h` oj oc` ocdm_ \pocjm *PCQ.172.36.1567+/ J?@CU MQCYjpqmdm g\ Q^d`i^` C^jijhdlp`& \o NQC npkkjmo`_ jpm \__dodji\g _\o\ kmj^`nndib rjmf/ T`oc\if E`hh\ Bdkjkk\ ajm `s^`gg`io m`n`\m^c \nndno\i^`/ ?gg m`h\didib `mmjmn \m` jpmn/
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#Ddi\i- Mgf`i \i_ N\i_` *3127+- ajm `s\hkg`- `nodh\o` oc\o kp]gd^ n`^ojm rjmf`mn di I`it\-K\g\rd- Ldb`m- Ldb`md\ \i_ R\iu\id\ `\mi hjm` oc\i _jp]g` oc` \q`m\b` r\b` di oc` kmdq\o`n`^ojm/ Cq`i rc`i o\fdib dioj \^^jpio _d!`m`i^`n di j^^pk\odji\g nomp^opm`n ja oc` orj n`^ojmn-\ km`hdph ja \]jpo 31' m`h\din/
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lkoepera eil]_po kj a`q_]pekj haraho bkn pda _kapdje_o kb pda iejeopan kb a`q_]pekj.
araj ej lanek`o kb iqhpe/l]npu aha_pekjo0, Oqn l]lan lnkre`ao ie_nk/are`aj_a kj
dks pda neoa kb apdje_ lkhepe_o / sde_d ejopnqiajp]hevao apdje_ `eranoepu / `eonqlpo
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7
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ej Ejch]j` ]j` V]hao. ]j` M]o *4228+ "j`o pd]p l]u n]eoao bkn pda lkhe_a ^ahks ]
nabanaj_a lkejp na`q_ao fk^ lanbkni]j_a0 Reann] ]j` Sepa_]u *4238+ oda` hecdp kj
ehhe_ep najp/od]nejc ]cnaaiajpo ^apsaaj hksan ]j` oajekn n]jgo kb pda pn]$_ lkhe_a
ej pda DQC0 Rd]nejc kqn bk_qo kj apdje_ lkhepe_o ej Kaju]. H]oo]j *bknpd_ki/
ejc+ lnkre`ao are`aj_a kj dks lkhepe_]h ejpanbanaj_a lanranpa` pda lqnlkoa kb pda
lkhe_a0 Rda "j`o pd]p _k/apdje_ lkhe_a k$_ano sana opn]pace_]hhu lh]_a` pk osejc
_kjopepqaj_eao ej pda 3<<4 ]j` 3<<9 Kaju]j aha_pekjo0 Oqn l]lan odkso pd]p
apdje_ lkhepe_o d]o eil]_po pd]p ]na jkp heiepa` pk pda lkhe_ejc kb aha_pekjo0 Eraj
nop_d`n oc` ^ji_dodjin pi_`m rcd^c `ocid^ ^g`\q\b`n ]`^jh` kjgdod^\ggt n\gd`io ]t ^jhk\mdib oc`m`g\odjin ]`or``i oc` n\h` n`o ja `ocid^ bmjpkn di oc` q`mt _d!`m`io kjgdod^\g `iqdmjih`ion jaW\h]d\ \i_ K\g\rd/
'Qodgg- I`it\)n Njgd^` ja oj_\t g\^fn _dn^dkgdi` \i_ `!`^odq`i`nn *Tjmg_ @\if- 311;+/ Go^jindno`iogt m\ifn \hjib oc` ojk "q` hjno ^jmmpko kjgd^` ajm^`n di oc` rjmg_ *Rm\ink\m`i^tGio`mi\odji\g- 3124+/ Rc` mpgdib k\mot \i_ kjr`mapg di_dqd_p\gn dio`ma`m` di oc` kjgd^`/ ?ooc` n\h` odh`- oc` kjgd^` dn k`m^`dq`_ \n cdbcgt di`$^d`io di km`q`iodib \i_ _`o`^odib ^mdh`*?i_`mnji- 3113= Ppo``m`- 3122= Mfd\- 3122= ?f`^c- 3116+/ Rc` a\dgpm` \i_ ncjmo^jhdibn ja oc`kjgd^` \n r`gg \n oc` `ocid^ _dh`indji c\q` ]``i hjno r`gg._j^ph`io`_ ajm oc` 3118019 kjno.`g`^odji `ocid^ ^g\nc`n oc\o ajggjr`_ \ao`m oc` _dnkpo`_ qd^ojmt ja Id]\fd jq`m M_dib\ oc\o g`ao2-244 _`\_ \i_ \]jpo 461-111 k`jkg` _dnkg\^`_ *T\fd- 3119- k/462-469+/ Id]\fd _m`r npkkjmo\hjib Idfptp- Ch]p \i_ K`mp- rc`m`\n M_dib\ m\i ji \i \ggd\i^` ja Jpj- Jpct\- I\g`iedi-\i_ ^j\no\g k`jkg`n/
8
sepdkqp pda `ena_p ejpanbanaj_a kb lkhepe_e]jo. ep _]j qj`anieja pda a!a_perajaoo
]j` `eo_elheja kb lkhe_a k$_ano0
Sda l]lan lnk_aa`o ]o bkhhkso0 Ij pda jatp oa_pekj sa cera ] ^]_gcnkqj` kb
apdje_ lkhepe_o ]j` lkhe_a knc]jev]pekj ej Kaju]0 Ra_pekj 5 `ao_ne^ao pda `]p]
]j` pda ia]oqnaiajp kb lkhe_a lanbkni]j_a0 Ra_pekj 6 lnaoajpo pda ailene_]h
opn]pacu0 Ra_pekj 7 `ao_ne^ao pda i]ej naoqhpo0 Ra_pekj 8 atlhknao pda _d]jjaho
kb lkkn lanbkni]j_a0 Ra_pekj 9 ejpanlnapo pda ailene_]h naoqhpo ]j` `eo_qooao
lkpajpe]h ia_d]jeoio0 Ra_pekj ; _kj_hq`ao0
% .?AHENLQKB
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Kaju])o lklqh]pekj eo i]`a ql kb ikna pd]j bknpu apdje_ cnkqlo0 Sdaoa apdje_
cnkqlo lna`]pa Bnepeod _khkje]h nqha ^qp ^kqj`]neao ^apsaaj pdai sana kbpaj
#qe` *P]nokjo. 4234+0/ Cajpn]heva` lkhepe_]h opnq_pqnao ^]oa` kj apdje_ hejao sana
h]ncahu ]^oajp0 Aqpdknepu s]o pule_]hhu lanokj]h ]j` ]p pda rehh]ca harah. kbpaj ]
bqj_pekj kb heja]ca. ]ca. ]j` sa]hpd ]j` jkp apdje_ ]hhace]j_a *M]i`]je. 3<<8>
Han^op. 4222> Luj_d. 4233+0
Sda lkhepe_ev]pekj kb apdje_epu d]o epo nkkpo ej oapphan _]lep]heoi ]j` epo qj/
araj lajapn]pekj kb apdje_ dkiah]j`o0 Ij pda Cajpn]h Pnkrej_a. pda dkiah]j` kb
pda Kegquq. pda _khkje]h a_kjkie_ lajapn]pekj `aopnkua` lna/_khkje]h lnk`q_pekj
ik`ao ]j` naoqhpa` ej ] lnkhap]ne]jev]pekj kj ] _kjoe`an]^ha o_]ha. sde_d ha` pk
(I`it\in \nnph`_ i`r `ocid^ d_`iodod`n ocmjpbc hdbm\odji- om\_`- `ing\q`h`io- dio`mh\m.md\b`- \i_ \_jkodji/ @`nd_`n- `ocid^ d_`iodot h\t ]` \ kjgdod^\g ^jinomp^o . oc` YI\g`iedi&`ocid^ bmjpk- ajm `s\hkg`- ajmh`_ di oc` 31oc ^`iopmt di jm_`m oj hjm` `!`^odq`gt jkkjn`Idfptp _jhdi\odji *Jti^c- 3122+/ Gi ocdn k\k`m- r` pn` oc` `ocid^dot oc\o kjgd^`h`i m`kjmo`_\o m`^mpdoh`io \bbm`b\odib oc`h dioj oc` ^\o`bjmd`n oc\o "o oc` ^jio`so ja `ocid^ _dqdndjin diI`it\/
9
pda _na]pekj kb ] h]j`a` ]j` lnklanpea` _h]oo ]j` _kj_ajpn]pekj kb sa]hpd *Cksaj
]j` Keju]jfqe. 3<99+0 Nu]jv] lnkrej_a. ej _kjpn]op. nai]eja` h]ncahu qj]!a_pa`
^u oapphan _]lep]heoi. ha]rejc lna/_khkje]h ik`ao kb lnk`q_pekj ejp]_p0 Ckjbnkjpa`
sepd iejei]h ]cne_qhpqn]h lkpajpe]h. h]_g kb ejbn]opnq_pqna. ]j` i]ngapo bkn s]ca
ckk`o. pda Lqk naolkj`a` pk pda _khkje]h a_kjkiu ]o oqllheano kb h]^kn. lnei]n/
ehu ]o n]ehs]u skngano ]j` arajpq]hhu ]o `k_g skngano ej Mki^]o] *Afqhq. 4224>
Oikhk. 4224+0 Sdqo. Kaju])o oapphan a_kjkiu _na]pa` op]ng a_kjkie_ `e!anaj_ao
^apsaaj apdje_ cnkqlo. sde_d bkqj` pdaen na#a_pekj ej pda h]pan Abne_]j lkhepe_]h
knc]jev]pekjo0 Ij ]``epekj. _khkje]h h]j` lkhe_eao b]rknejc Eqnkla]j oapphano ]j`
Abne_]j lklqh]pekj cnkspd _na]pa` ] h]pajp _kj#e_p kran h]j`0
Vdeha Abne_]jo ]ppailpa` pk bkni l]j/apdje_ lkhepe_]h knc]jev]pekjo *a0c0. pda
E]op Abne_]j Aook_e]pekj *EAA+ ej 3<3< ]j` pda Kaju]j Abne_]j Tjekj *KAT+
ej 3<68+. pdaoa sana odknp/hera` ]j` ^]jja` sepdej ] _kqlha kb ua]no kb pdaen
ej_alpekj *Afqhq. 4224+0 Sda _khkje]h ckranjiajp)o Z`ere`a/]j`/nqha' lkhe_u `eo/
_kqn]ca` pda bkni]pekj kb j]pekj/se`a Abne_]j lkhepe_]h ]_perepu. ]j` ejopa]` aj/
_kqn]ca` apdje_/ ]j` pn]`a/ola_e"_ ]ook_e]pekjo. sde_d kran peia naoqhpa` ej ]
lnkheban]pekj kb oq_d knc]jev]pekjo ]j` _kjpne^qpa` pk pda `e!anajpe]pekj kb apd/
je_epeao sepd `eopej_p lkhepe_]h ejpanaopo *Oikhk. 4224+0 Bu 3<79 pda bkhhksejc
lkhepe_]hhu nahar]jp apdje_ `ereoekjo d]` aianca`= pda Kegquq *3<09(+. sde_d
pkcapdan sepd pda Manq *705(+ ]j` Ei^q *304(+ h]pan bknia` pda apdje_ _k]he/
pekj _]hha` Gai]> pda K]hajfej *320;(+. sde_d pkcapdan sepd pda M]]o]e *30<(+.
Sqng]j] *404(+. ]j` R]i^qnq *207<(+ bkni pda apdje_ _k]hepekj h]^aha` K]i]/
pqo]> pda Lqk *350;(+> pda Lqdu] *3503(+> ]j` pda K]i^] *3304(+ *Mknc]j.
4222> Pkojan. 4226+0
Fkn kqn ailene_]h ]j]huoeo 3<79/3<92. pda bkhhksejc _kqnoa kb arajpo eo l]npe_/
qh]nhu nahar]jp0 Abpan pda `aba]p kb pda *Kegquq/ha`+ M]q M]q qlneoejc ej 3<78.
;
naopne_pekjo kj lkhepe_]h ]_perepu sana nah]ta`0 Pkhepe_]h l]npeao sana ]hhksa` ]p
`eopne_p harah. ]p pda ]llnkr]h kb _khkje]h k$_ano *Aj`anokj. 4227+0 Ij 3<79 pda
"nop `ena_p *]hpdkqcd oaranahu heiepa` bn]j_deoa+ Abne_]j aha_pekjo pk pda haceoh]pera
_kqj_eh pkkg lh]_a0 A_gjksha`cejc pda ZVej` kb Cd]jca'. pda Bnepeod ckranj/
iajp s]o sehhejc pk cn]jp ej`alaj`aj_a0 Sda ua]no 3<82/83 sana _d]n]_paneoa`
^u pda aha_pkn]h nqj/ql pk pda "nop klaj. j]pekj/se`a. iqhpe/l]npu aha_pekj pd]p
skqh` _dkkoa pda pn]joepekj ckranjiajp ]j` snepa ql kb pda _kjopepqpekj0 Abne_]j
lkhepe_]h l]npeao sana bqhhu o]j_pekja` ]p pda L]j_]opan Hkqoa Ckjbanaj_a ej J]j/
q]nu 3<820 Ij M]u 3<82 pda Kaju] Abne_]j N]pekj]h Tjekj *KANT+ s]o bknia`
bnki ateopejc knc]jev]pekjo. oq_d ]o pda Kaju] Fa`an]pekj kb L]^kn ]j` pda Kaju]
Ij`alaj`aj_a Mkraiajp0 KANT da]`a` ^u Jkik Kaju]pp] *] Kegquq+ ^a_]ia
]j ejpajoahu ]jpe/_khkje]h ]j` j]pekj]heop l]npu ^qp `nas ikop kb epo ha]`anodel.
iai^anodel. ]j` oqllknp bnki pda Gai] _k]hepekj ]j` pda Lqk0 Fa]nejc pdeo
Kegquq ]j` Lqk `kiej]j_a. iejknepu apdje_ cnkqlo *pda K]i]pqo] ]j` _k]op]h
lklqh]pekjo+ naolkj`a` bkniejc pda Kaju] Abne_]j Daik_n]pe_ Tjekj *KADT+
*N`acs]. 3<<9. 827+0 La` ^u Qkj]h` Nc]h] *] Mefegaj`] bnki Kaju])o _k]op]h
lnkrej_a+. KADT ]`rk_]pa` Zi]fei^keoi'. ] mq]oe/ba`an]heop _kjopepqpekj pd]p
skqh` cera oecje"_]jp lksano kj eooqao oq_d ]o h]j`. a`q_]pekj. ejbn]opnq_pqna
ejraopiajpo. ]j` pda _kilkoepekj kb pda Cereh Ranre_a pk pda nacekjo *ej okia kb
sde_d pdkoa apdje_ cnkqlo dah` ] i]fknepu+ *Afqhq. 4224> Aj`anokj. 4227+0 Epd/
je_ ndapkne_ ]j` ]jp]ckjeoi n]j decd ej pda _]il]ecj0 Fnki 3<83. apdje_ _h]odao
osalp pdnkqcd Qebp U]hhau Pnkrej_a. oaaejc `eolh]_aiajpo kb Kegquq. Lqdue] ]j`
kpdan apdje_ cnkqlo *Afqhq. 4224+0 KANT skj pda 3<83 aha_pekj sepd 89( kb pda
rkpao kran KADT)o 38( *sejjejc 3< ]j` 33 kb pda 55 klaj oa]po naola_perahu+0
Vdeha pda Bnepeod ckranjiajp bkn_a` KANT ejpk ] _k]hepekj sepd KADT 3<83/
85 pd]p jackpe]pa` pda _kjopepqpekj]h opnq_pqna kb pda jas op]pa ]j` ]cnaa` kj
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ej`e_]pekj pd]p KANT skqh` aianca ]o pda `kiej]jp lksan lkop/ej`alaj`aj_a=
Ao M]jjano *3<84+ _kiiajpa` pdana s]o Zheppha na]okj pk ^aheara pda jatp rkpa
sehh ^a ranu `e!anajp0' Ij`aa` sdaj pda psk l]npeao _kjpaopa` pda Zej`alaj`aj_a
aha_pekj' ej 3<85. KANT skj kransdahiejchu p]gejc 88 oa]po ]c]ejop KADT)o
53 ej pda hksan dkqoa ]j` 3< oa]po ]c]ejop KADT)o 38 ej pda Raj]pa *Bajjapp.
3<83+0 Kaju]pp] ^a_]ia lneia iejeopan ]j` h]pan lnaoe`ajp0 Bu 3<86. KADT
]j` KANT d]` ianca` *N`acs]. 3<<9. 828+0 Ao ] naoqhp kb pdeo iancan. Nc]h]
s]o i]`a Mejeopan kb Ckklan]perao ]j` Rk_e]h Ranre_ao ]j` D]jeah An]l Mke *]
K]hajfej+. ] re_a/lnaoe`ajp ej KADT ]p pda peia. ^a_]ia Hkia Mejeopan ]j`
`ena_phu naolkjoe^ha bkn pda lkhe_a00
Sda iancan kb KANT ]j` KADT odebpa` pda ^]h]j_a kb lksan sepdej pda
nqhejc l]npu ej b]rkn kb pda _kjoanr]pera ahaiajpo. sde_d ha` pk pda `aba_pekj kb
pda habp/ha]jejc Lqk/ha` sejc. pda Kaju] Paklha)o Tjekj *KPT+ ej 3<870 Sdau
kllkoa` pda lan_aera` cnksejc _kjoanr]peoi ]j` lnk/saopanj kneajp]pekj kb Kaju/
]pp] ]j` pda KANT ha]`anodel. sde_d ^u pdaj s]o _kilkoa` at_hqoerahu kb iai/
^ano kb pda Gai] ]j` K]i]pqo] ]hhe]j_a *Afqhq. 4224. 482+0 Ij pda oq^oamqajphu
dah` ZLeppha Gajan]h Eha_pekj'. KANT atl]j`a` epo i]fknepu ej ^kpd dkqoao kb
l]nhe]iajp0 Sda _kjopepqpekj s]o ]iaj`a` _]j_ahejc i]fei^keoi0 Fkhhksejc pda
]jpe/_kiiqjeop hkce_ kb pda Ckh` V]n. ep ^]jja` pda KPT ej 3<8< kj j]pekj]h
oa_qnepu cnkqj`o. qodanejc ej ] ikna pd]j 42 ua]n lanek` kb oejcha l]npu nqha0
Fecqna 4 oqii]nevao pda lkhepe_]h arajpo pd]p i]ng pda ej_hqoekj ]j` at_hqoekj kb
apdje_ cnkqlo pk lksan0 Sdaoa ]na pda lkhepe_]h odk_go sde_d kqn l]lan atlhkepo
pk aopei]pa pda eil]_p kj lkhe_a lanbkni]j_a0
)Rc` km`nd_`io \i_ oc` Fjh` Kdidno`m r`m` oc` orj kjndodjin hjno m`g`q\io ajm oc` kjgd^`/F`i^`- amjh 2;75 jir\m_n- ^jiomjg ja oc` kjgd^` r\n di oc` c\i_n ja oc` E`h\.I\h\opn\\ggd\i^` oc\o _jhdi\o`_ I?LS/ Qodgg- di gdi` rdoc oc` "i_dibn ja Dm\i%̂jdn- P\di`m \i_ Rm`]]d*3126+- joc`m hdidno`md\g kjmoajgdjn r`m` hjm` ]mj\_gt nc\m`_ \hjib `ocid^ bmjpkn/
32
Fecqna 4= Seiaheja kb Erajpo ]nkqj` Kaju])o Ij`alaj`aj_a
%#% 9LIGAC 8NE?KGU?PGLK ?KB 0CRCILMJCKP
Sda <LU_H AVSPJL eo Kaju])o i]ej h]s ajbkn_ejc ^k`u0 Ip d]o ]hok ]hs]uo ^aaj
]j ejopnqiajp kb naceia lnkpa_pekj0 Dqnejc _khkje]h peiao. pda lkhe_a ]josana`
kjhu pk pda Gkranjkn0 Ap ej`alaj`aj_a pdeo qj_da_ga` _kj_ajpn]pekj kb lksan
l]ooa` pk pda Pnaoe`ajp *Aqan^]_d. 4225+0 Sda lkhe_a eo pdanabkna rqhjan]^ha pk
lkhepe_]h ej#qaj_a. sde_d i]u qhpei]pahu ]!a_p pda lanbkni]j_a kb epo lanokjjah0
Oqn opq`u _krano pda h]op ua]no kb _khkje]h nqha 3<79/3<85 ]j` pda "nop ua]no kb
ej`alaj`aj_a 3<85/3<920 Ip at_hq`ao pda M]q M]q qlneoejc 3<74/3<780
Sdana s]o ]hs]uo ]j apdje_ _kilkjajp ej pda _kilkoepekj kb pda Pkhe_a Fkn_a
*Sdnkql. 3<<4+0 Bnepeod k$_ano dkla` pk "j` iaj kb okh`eanhu mq]hepeao ]j` sdkoa
hku]hepu _kqh` ^a pnqopa` ]ikjc pda K]i^] ]j` K]hajfej *pda ok/_]hha` Zi]npe]h
n]_ao'+0 Ij _kjpn]op. ranu bas Kegquqo ajpana` pda Pkhe_a Fkn_a01 Ojhu ]bpan pda
*Gi 2;67- 33/7'- 32/7' \i_ 4/3' ja kjgd^` j$^`mn r`m` I\g`iedi- I\h]\ \i_ Idfptpn-rc`m`\n oc` 2;73 A`inpn kjkpg\odji kpo oc`dm nc\m` \o 21/9'- 21/6' \i_ 29/9' m`nk`^odq`gt*I`it\ Njgd^` ?iip\g P`kjmon= A`inpn 2;73+/
33
aj` kb M]q M]q ]j` ej ]jpe_el]pekj kb Kaju])o ej`alaj`aj_a ]j` pda _kiejc kb
Abne_]j nqha ] `ahe^an]pa ]ppailp s]o i]`a pk ^nejc pda apdje_ _kilkoepekj ej heja
sepd pd]p kb pda lklqh]pekj *Ch]upkj. 3<;<+0 Ankqj` 3<82 Pkhe_a Ckiieooekjan
Qe_d]n` C]phejc ejepe]pa` ] lnk_aoo kb Abne_]jev]pekj ej pda decdan n]jgo *Sdnkql.
3<<4+0 H]opehu pn]eja`. jashu/lnkikpa` Abne_]j k$_ano cn]`q]hhu nalh]_a` Aoe]j
]j` Eqnkla]j oajekn k$_ano0
Abpan Jkik Kaju]pp] pkkg _kjpnkh ej 3<85 _d]jcao ej pda lkhe_a bkhhksa` pda
o]ia l]ppanj ]o ej pda ikop eilknp]jp iejeopneao *Hknjo^u. 4234+0 Kaju]pp]
nahea` kj apdje_ hku]hpeao ]j` ]hhe]j_ao0 Ha ]llkejpa` Banj]n` Hejc]. ]j apdje_
Kegquq. ]o Pkhe_a Ckiieooekjan ej 3<86 ]j` ^u 3<89 ]hh ^n]j_dao ]j` `al]np/
iajpo sana ha` ^u ]j apdje_ Kegquq *at_alp pda Cneiej]h Ijraopec]pekj Dal]np/
iajp sde_d sajp pk ] Kegquq ej 3<95+02 Kaju]pp] l]npe_qh]nhu nahea` kj pda
7LULXHS DLX\PJL FUPZ *GRT+0 Sda GRT eo ] l]n]iehep]nu ^n]j_d kb pda lkhe_a.
sahh/amqella` ]j` sahh/pn]eja`. ]j` decdhu lkhepe_]h0 Ip s]o ailhkua` ]c]ejop
ejpanj]h lkhepe_]h pdna]`o. ]j` ola_e"_]hhu bknia` ] _kqjpansaecdp pk pda ]niu0
Kaju]pp] odebpa` pda GRT)o k$_an _knlo ]j` apdje_ _kilkoepekj ej b]rkn kb pda
Kegquq. aola_e]hhu Lqk k$_ano d]` pk ck0 Sdaoa ]llkejpiajpo sana _ha]nhu lk/
hepe_]hhu ikper]pa`0 Kaju]pp] qoa` deo lnaoe`ajpe]h lksano pk ^ul]oo pda Pkhe_a
Ranre_a Ckiieooekj Bk]n`. ecjknejc bkn at]ilha oajeknepu ]o _nepanekj bkn lnkik/
pekjo *Fn]van. 3<<6. ]o _epa` ej N)De]ua. 4224+0
Sda cakcn]lde_]h knc]jev]pekj bkhhksa` ] bkqnbkh` dean]n_du sepd pda da]`/
mq]npan ej N]enk^e. pdaj lkhe_a `ereoekjo. op]pekjo. ]j` "j]hhu. lkhe_a lkopo pd]p
_kqh` ^a ]o oi]hh ]o ] nk]` ^hk_g0*) Sda Kaju] Pkhe_a s]o jkp arajhu kn amq]hhu
`eopne^qpa`0 Qa#a_pejc hkjcop]j`ejc _khkje]h ejpanaopo. pda lkhe_a s]o da]rehu
+I`it\)n n`^ji_ km`nd_`io- B\id`g ?m\k Kjd- \i `ocid^ I\g`iedi- \^o`_ ndhdg\mgt \i_ hjq`_I\g`iedi dioj dhkjmo\io kjndodjin *Fjmin]t- 3123+/
#"Njgd^dib \m`\n _d_ ijo i`^`nn\mdgt jq`mg\k rdoc \_hdidnom\odq` _dqdndjin/
34
_kj_ajpn]pa` ej pda qn^]j _kiian_e]h ]j` Eqnkla]j naoe`ajpe]h ]na]o0 Sdau ]hok
oanra` pda \Vdepa Hecdh]j`o) sdana Eqnkla]jo ksja` b]nio0 Ij 3<79 ]o ] hac]_u
kb M]q M]q. pda lkhe_a s]o ]hok sahh lnaoajpa` ej Kegquq ]j` pda ^kn`anejc
K]hajfej ]na]o *Sdnkql. 3<<4+0 Vepd pda aj` kb rekhaj_a. dksaran. pda jqi^an
kb lkhe_a lkopo sana na`q_a` ej pdkoa ]na]o0 Sda i]fknepu kb Abne_]j nqn]h ]n/
a]o ej _kjpn]op sana qj`an/oanra`0** Abpan ej`alaj`aj_a pda lkhe_ejc japskng
atl]j`a`. l]npe_qh]nhu pk Abne_]j ]na]o0 Oqn `]p] ej`e_]pao pd]p Kegquq ]j`
K]hajfej ]na]o. sde_d sana ]hok pda ikop lkhepe_]hhu rkh]peha nacekjo. opehh na_aera`
] `eolnklknpekj]pa od]na kb lkhe_ejc0
A nah]pa` eooqa pk sdana lkhe_a `ereoekjo sana hk_]pa` eo sdk s]o op]pekja`
pdana0 Sda _khkje]h naceia ba]na` bn]panjev]pekj ]j` ]^qoao. eb lkhe_a k$_ano sana
lkhe_ejc pdaen ksj apdje_ gej kn dkiah]j`0 Pkhe_a nacqh]pekjo ej 3<79 lanieppa`
ql pk 67( kb lanokjjah oanrejc ej pdaen ksj dkia ]na] *Ch]upkj. 3<;<+0*+ Baejc
op]pekja` _hkoa pk dkia s]o _anp]ejhu ikna ]ppn]_pera pk lkhe_a k$_ano0
& 0?P? ?KB 6C?OQNCJCKPO
&#$ /LIICAPGLK ?KB <?JMIGKE
Oqn lnei]nu `]p] okqn_a ]na pda <LU_H AVSPJL DLX\PJL CLNPYZLXY0 Sdaoa oan/
re_a na_kn`o _kjp]ej ouopai]pe_ ]j` _kilnadajoera ejbkni]pekj ]^kqp ] lkhe_a
k$_an kran pda bqhh hajcpd kb deo _]naan0*, Ij l]npe_qh]n. pda oanre_a naceopano
##?amd^\i m`n`mq`n r`m` jmdbdi\ggt kjgd^`_ ]t oc` YRmd]\g Njgd^`& *do ]`^\h` oc` Y?_hdidnom\.odji Njgd^`& di 2;69+- rcd^c _`\go rdoc j!`in`n \b\dino _dnomd^o ^jpi^dg ]t.g\rn \i_ ^pnojh\mtg\r/ Rc` I`it\ Njgd^` _`\go rdoc j!`in`n \b\dino oc` N`i\g Aj_` \i_ b`i`m\g g`bdng\odji *RL?AM2148052+/
#$Nm`qdjpn mpg`n r`m` nomd^o`m \ggjrdib kjgd^`h`i di oc`dm cjh` \m`\ jigt \ao`m nds t`\mn jan`mqd^` rc`i oc`t c\_ _`hjinom\o`_ oc`dm gjt\gdot/
#%Rc` Q`mqd^` P`bdno`mn r`m` diomj_p^`_ di oc` g\o` 2;41n/ @t oc` `\mgt 2;51n \gg \^odq`kjgd^`h`i r`m` ^jq`m`_/
35
na_kn`a` lanokj]h `ap]eho ]p na_nqepiajp *j]ia. apdje_epu. daecdp. i]nep]h op]pqo.
lh]_a kb ^enpd ]j` naoe`aj_a+. ]ju pn]ejejc ^aukj` pda k^hec]pknu oet ikjpdo.
j]iao kb `ereoekjo ]p sde_d pda lkhe_a k$_an oanra` sepd `]pao kb pn]jobano. ]ju
ieo_kj`q_po1_kiiaj`]pekjo ]j` _knnaolkj`ejc lqjeodiajpo1nas]n`o. lnkik/
pekjo1`aikpekjo ]j` l]npe_qh]no kb `eo_d]nca *`]pa. na]okj. kran]hh _kj`q_p+0
Sdaoa lanokjjah "hao ]na bnki jkj/]_pera lkhe_a k$_ano ]j` sana oknpa` kqp
bkn `aopnq_pekj ej 422<0 As]epejc ]lln]eo]h ^u pda Kaju] N]pekj]h An_derao pda
"hao sana `qila` ej ] `alkp ]p pda kqpogenpo kb N]enk^e0*- Sda "hao `e` jkp bkhhks
]ju k^rekqo kn`an ]j` ha]go ej pda nkkb `aopnkua` ] ckk` od]na kb pda na_kn`o0
Oqn o]ilhejc opn]pacu s]o pk _khha_p ]hh na]`]^ha naceopano. sepd pda at_alpekj kb
lkhe_a k$_ano kb K]i^] apdje_ knecej na_nqepa` ^abkna 3<72. sdk sa `ahe^an]pahu
qj`ano]ilha` ]o pdau sana jqiankqo ej pda Pkhe_a Fkn_a ^abkna 3<720*. Vdeha kqn
o]ilhejc lnk_a`qna `kao jkp n]eoa ]ju k^rekqo _kj_anjo pd]p kqn o]ilha i]u ^a
jkj/n]j`ki *]l]np bnki pda qj`ano]ilhejc kb K]i^] lkhe_a k$_ano lna/3<72+.
sa _da_ga` sdapdan pda apdje_ _kilkoepekj ej kqn o]ilha bkhhkso pda op]peope_o
k$_e]hhu nalknpa` ej pda <LU_H AVSPJL 1UU[HS CLWVXZY0*/ Vepd pda at_alpekj kb
pda K]i^] ^abkna 3<72. pdana eo ] ranu opnkjc ]cnaaiajp ^apsaaj pda psk okqn_ao0
Va ]na pdanabkna _kj"`ajp pd]p kqn o]ilha eo h]ncahu nalnaoajp]pera kb pda Kaju]
Pkhe_a Fkn_a. aola_e]hhu bkn pda peia lanek` sa bk_qo kj. op]npejc ej 3<790
Sdeo pula kb ej`ere`q]h harah `]p] kj lkhe_a k$_ano eo ]^okhqpahu qjemqa0 Fkn
kqn lqnlkoao. sa ^nejc pda `]p] ejpk ] lkhe_a k$_an / oanre_a ua]n l]jah opnq_pqna0
Oqn l]jah d]o 8.9;6 lkhe_aiaj `kejc pdaen oanre_a ^apsaaj 3<79 ]j` 3<920*0 Va
#&T` oc\if I`it\ Njgd^` FO ajm bm\iodib pn \^^`nn oj oc` m`^jm_n- \i_ I`it\ L\odji\g?m^cdq`n ajm npkkjmo di m`omd`qdib oc`h/
#'Go r\n `\nt oj d_`iodat oc` t`\m ja m`^mpdoh`io \n oc` ^jgjpm ja oc` n`mqd^` m`bdno`mn opmi`_amjh ]gp` oj m`_ di oc` 2;61n/
#(Ddbpm` ?/2 di oc` \kk`i_ds ncjrn oc` ^jhk\mdnji/ Rc` I\h]\ pi_`mn\hkgdib dn qdnd]g`-rcdg` _d!`m`io m`kjmodib ja &joc`mn& dn kmj]\]gt _p` oj _d!`m`i^`n di ^\o`bjmdu\odji ja nh\gg`mbmjpkn/ Rc` \_hdidnom\odq` _\o\ ji oc` nc\m` ja `ocid^ bmjpkn `i_n di 2;73/
#)Njgd^`h`i `io`m jpm n\hkg` \ao`m oc` otkd^\g om\didib k`mdj_ ja nds hjiocn- jm oc`dm Ykmj.
36
_dkkoa 3<79 ]o pda op]npejc lkejp kb kqn _kj`q_p o]ilha. ]o ep eo pda "nop ua]n
]bpan pda aj` kb pda M]q M]q qlneoejc0 Sdeo o]ilha opehh ej_hq`ao bkqn ua]no kb
`]p] ^abkna pda 3<83 aha_pekjo pd]p i]`a pda KANT l]npu Kaju])o `kiej]jp
lkhepe_]h bkn_a0
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apdje_ cnkql. a`q_]pekj. lh]_a kb ^enpd. ] bqhh lnkikpekj na_kn`. ]ooecjiajp deo/
pknu. o]h]nu. ]_po kb ieo_kj`q_p. lqjeodiajp bkn ieo_kj`q_p. ckk` ^ad]rekn. pn]ej/
ejc qj`anp]gaj. nas]n`o bkn ckk` lanbkni]j_a. ]j` pda _d]n]_pan ]ooaooiajp kj
`eo_d]nca0 Aikjc pdaoa r]ne]^hao. pda ne_daop ejbkni]pekj eo _kjp]eja` ej pda
_kj`q_p ]j` lqjeodiajp r]ne]^hao0 *1 Sdaoa _kran ]j atpnaiahu se`a n]jca kb
ieo^ad]rekn ^u lkhe_aiaj. ]j` ]na na_kn`a` ]p nah]perahu decd bnamqaj_u0 Va
k^oanra 33.628 k!ajoao ej kqn o]ilha kb 66.8;< k$_an/ua]no0 Sda knecej]h lan/
okjjah na_kn`o `ao_ne^a pdaoa k!ajoao ej cna]p `ap]eh0 Fkn at]ilha. kja k$_an eo
nalknpa` pk d]ra opkhaj ] Zhakl]n`)o ogej'0 Va ]ooecj pdaoa ]_po kb ieo_kj`q_p pk
] heiepa` jqi^an kb _]packneao0 Sda ikop _kiikj k!ajoao ]na b]ehqna pk ]ppaj`
`qpu ]j` ]^oaj_a sepdkqp ha]ra *6.347 _]oao kqp kb 33.628+. `nqjgajjaoo *3.389
hjodji& amjh m`^mpdo oj ^jino\]g` v rcd^c`q`m j^^pmm`_ `\mgd`m/#*Ppg`n \i_ kmj^`_pm`n \m` g\d_ _jri di Mm_di\i^` Lj/ 8; ja 2;59 Y?i Mm_di\i^` oj Nmjqd_`
ajm oc` Mmb\idu\odji- Bdn^dkgdi`- Njr`mn \i_ Bpod`n ja oc` Njgd^` Djm^`& *np]n`lp`io \h`i_.h`ion _d_ ijo h\f` np]no\iod\g ^c\ib`n di kmdi^dkg` \i_ di \it ^\n` rjpg_ ijo _dn^mdhdi\o`\b\dino `ocid^dod`n+/ Mq`mndbco ja _dn^dkgdi` r\n nomd^ogt cd`m\m^cd^\g/ YQpk`mdjm j$^`mn& *m\ifn\]jq` \nndno\io npk`mdio`i_`io+ diq`nodb\o`_ ^\n`n ja hdn^ji_p^o \i_ da oc`t ajpi_ j$^`mnbpdgot dhkjn`_ kpidnch`ion/ Rj \i jq`mrc`ghdib _`bm`` oc` Njgd^` Djm^` *\i_ jpm n\hkg`+^jindno`_ ja Ynp]jm_di\o` j$^`mn& np^c \n Ajino\]g`n- Ajmkjm\gn \i_ Q`mb`\ion/ ?mod^g` 52gdnon 55 ^\o`bjmd`n ja j!`in`n= ?mod^g` 54 gdnon oc` kpidnch`ion m\ibdib amjh m`kmdh\i_n- "i`n-rdoc_m\r\g ja `$^d`i^t \ggjr\i^`n- `som\ _mdggn- ^ji"i`h`io oj ]\mm\^fn oj _`hjodji/ F\mnc`mn`io`i^`n di^gp_dib _dnhdnn\gn ^jpg_ ]` dhkjn`_ ]t oc` Njgd^` Ajhhdnndji`m/ M$^`mn c\_ oc`mdbco oj \kk`\g/ T` _jo c\q` diajmh\odji \]jpo rcj kmjqd_`_ oc` `qd_`i^` jm \^^pn\odji/K\it j!`in`n np^c \n \]n`io``dnh- \ggjrdib kmdnji`mn oj `n^\k` \i_ _dnj]`_d`i^`- cjr`q`m-\m` dio`mi\g \i_ rjpg_ g`o pn \nnph` oc\o `qd_`i^` r\n kpo ajmr\m_ ]t cdbc`m m\if`_ j$^`mnrdocdi oc` kjgd^`/
37
_]oao+. ^aejc `enpu *;94 _]oao+. `eok^a`eaj_a *<6; _]oao+. b]hhejc ]ohaal kj `qpu
*6;6 _]oao+. ]j` ]hhksejc lneokjano pk ao_]la *574 _]oao+0 82( kb lkhe_aiaj _ki/
iep ]p ha]op kja k!ajoa0 Ij pda i]ej ola_e"_]pekjo. sa nahu kj ] ^ej]nu k!ajoa
r]ne]^ha. ej`e_]pejc sdapdan ]j ej`ere`q]h d]o _kiieppa` ]ju k!ajoao ej ] ceraj
ua]n0 Sdeo ]jjq]h k!ajoa lnk^]^ehepu eo ]nkqj` 42(0
S]^ha 3 lnaoajpo oqii]nu op]peope_o bkn gau r]ne]^hao0 A^kqp 38( kb k$_ano
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dkiah]j`o+. ]j` ] oeieh]n lan_ajp]ca oanrao ej lkhe_a `ereoekjo ej sde_d pdaen
ksj apdje_ cnkql eo `kiej]jp aepdan ]p h]nca kn ej pda oajekn n]jgo0 A^kqp
55( kb lkhe_aiaj oecja` pdaen ^kkghap. sdeha pda nai]ejejc k$_ano lnkre`a` fqop
] pdqi^lnejp0 Fkni]h a`q_]pekj eo heiepa`. sepd kjhu ]^kqp 52( d]rejc ]ju
bkni]h a`q_]pekj0 Sda n]jg kb aranu lkhe_ai]j eo oqii]neva` kj ] 2 pk 5 o_]ha.
sdana 2 _knnaolkj`o pk _kjop]^hao ]j` na_nqepo> 3 pk Cknlkn]ho> 4 pk Ranca]jpo>
]j` 5 pk Ijola_pkno ]j` decdan n]jgo0 Sda ]ran]ca n]jg eo _hkoa pk 20 Sda lkhe_a
^kkghapo ]hok lnkre`a ] _d]n]_pan ]ooaooiajp ]p `eo_d]nca. n]jcejc bnki 'B]`'
pk 'Etailh]nu'. sde_d sa _k`a kj ] o_]ha ^apsaaj 2 ]j` 6. sdana pda o]ilha
ia]j eo ]nkqj` 40
A_po kb ieo_kj`q_p _]j ^a "ja`. ]j` _kj`epekj]h kj _kiieppejc ]j k!ajoa
pda ]ran]ca "ja ej kqn o]ilha eo ]^kqp 38 Kaju]j Rdehhejc0 Fejao ]na ^u b]n pda
ikop _kiikj bkni kb lqjeodiajp. ]j` eilkoa` ej 98( kb k!ajoao0 Ij ]jkpdan
32( kb _]oao pda k!ajoa eo lqjeoda` ej ]jkpdan s]u. bkn at]ilha sepd `nehho.
d]n` h]^kqn. oqolajoekj. kn ej atpnaia _]oao `apajpekj0 Nkp ej_hq`a` ej pdeo
lqjeodiajp `qiiu ]na iana Znalnei]j`o'0
38
S]^ha 3= Rqii]nu Rp]peope_o
K`\i Qo\i_\m_ _`qd\odji M]n`mq\odjin
M!`in` *1.2+ 1/2;3 1/4;5 55-79;?]n`io *1.2+ 1/191 1/383 55-79;Bmpif *1.2+ 1/135 1/25; 55-79;Bdmot jm piod_t *1.2+ 1/129 1/244 55-79;Bdnj]`_d`io *1.2+ 1/131 1/246 55-79;Q`mdjpn j!`in` *1.2+ 1/132 1/255 55-79;Ajhh`i_\]g` ]`c\qdjpm *1.2+ 1/115 1/177 55-79;Lph]`m ja j!`in`n 1/366 1/715 55-79;E`h\ 1/319 1/517 55-79;I\h\opn\ 1/3;3 1/565 55-79;Jpj 1/189 1/379 55-79;I?LS 1/51; 1/5;3 55-79;Idfptp 1/243 1/449 55-79;I\g`iedi 1/333 1/526 55-79;Ac\m\^o`m \o _dn^c\mb` *1.5+ 3/448 1/;; 4 48-;7;R`ipm` 8/429 6/6;8 55-79;P\if di_`s *1.4+ 1/333 1/649 46-213Qo\odji`_ di `ocid^ cjh`g\i_ 1/281 1/487 52-55;Qo\odji`_ di _dnomd^o ja ]dmoc 1/1;3 1/39; 4;-764Qc\m` ja `ocid^dot di _dqdndji 1/324 1/245 52-55;Qc\m` ja `ocid^dot di cdbc`m m\ifn 1/257 1/261 52-526Cocid^ _dq`mndot *CJD+ di _dqdndji 1/969 1/147 52-55;Jdo`m\^t *ndbi`_ ]jjfg`o+ 1/438 1/57; 49-;28?it `_p^\odji 1/418 1/572 55-79;Nmjhjodji 1/125 1/22; 55-79;Bdnhdnn\g 1/354 1/53; 55-79;P`ndbi\odji 1/214 1/415 55-79;Ddi` *Inc+ 27/45 32/;2 9-672?it Ddi` *_phht+ 1/878 32/;2 9-672?it Npidnch`io *Bphht+ 1/982 1/445 9-672
Ljo`n< M]n`mq\odjin \o oc` di_dqd_p\g.t`\m g`q`g ajm 7-895 j$^`mn rcj n`mq`_ ]`or``i 2;68\i_ 2;81/ Q`mdjpn j!`in` di^gp_`n "bcodib- \nn\pgon- oc`ao- _dn^c\mbdib \ md#`- \ggjrdib \kmdnji`m oj `n^\k`- ^jmmpkodji- ^m`\odib \ _dnopm]\i^`- \i_ m\m`m otk`n ja n`mdjpn hdn]`c\q.djm/ Rc` m\if di_`s dn 1 ajm \ ^jino\]g` \i_ 4 ajm \i Gink`^ojm jm \]jq`/ Fjh`g\i_ di_d^\o`nrc`oc`m \ kjgd^`h\i n`mq`n di \ kjgd^` _dqdndji gj^\o`_ di cdn `ocid^ cjh`g\i_/ Qc\m` ja \i`ocid^dot di cdbc`m m\ifn h`\npm`n oc` kmjkjmodji ja n`idjm j$^`mn *^jmkjm\g jm \]jq`+ dioc` _dqdndji rcj ]`gjib oj oc` j$^`m)n `ocid^ bmjpk/ Jdo`m\^t dn \kkmjsdh\o`_ ]t rc`oc`moc` di_dqd_p\g c\n ndbi`_ cdn n`mqd^` m`bdno`m jm bdq`i \ ocph]kmdio/ Ddi`n \m` ^ji_dodji\gji ^jhhdoodib \i j!`in`- \i_ &\it kpidnch`io& dn ji` da oc`m` dn \ m`^jm_`_ kpidnch`ioja \it otk` *joc`m oc\i \ m`kmdh\i_+/
39
' 1JMGNGA?I <PN?PCET
'#$ 3BCKPGDTGKE PFC 4-7> PNC?PJCKP C!CAP
Oqn l]lan opq`eao dks pda ^ad]rekn kb lkhe_aiaj _d]jcao sdaj pdaen cnkql dkh`o
lkhepe_]h lksan0 Sda ailene_]h opn]pacu atlhkep pdnaa odk_go pk lkhepe_]h lksan=
*3+ KANT sejjejc Kaju])o "nop iqhpe/l]npu aha_pekjo ej 3<83. ^nejcejc pda Lqk
]j` pda Gai] cnkqlo *ha` ^u pda Kegquq+ pk lksan> *4+ KANT ]^okn^ejc pda
K]i]pqo] ]hhe]j_a *da]`a` ^u pda K]hajfej+ ej 3<86. ]j` *5+ pda Lqk ha]rejc
KANT ej 3<870 Ao `e!anajp cnkqlo c]ej ]j` hkoa lkhepe_]h lksan ]p `e!anajp
lkejpo ej peia. kqn i]ej pna]piajp r]neao ]_nkoo peia ]j` ]_nkoo apdje_ cnkqlo0
Ijpqeperahu. kqn ]llnk]_d ]ikqjpo pk ] `e!anaj_a/ej/`e!anaj_a opn]pacu. ej sde_d
sa _kil]na ]j apdje_ cnkql pd]p c]ejo lksan pdnkqcd KANT pk ] cnkql pd]p
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kqp kb lksan0 Ao pdnaa cnkqlo *Gai]. K]i]pqo]. ]j` pda Lqk+ c]ej kn hkoa
lksan ]p pdnaa `e!anajp lkejpo ej peia *3<83. 3<86. ]j` 3<87+. sa lkkh pdnaa
`e!anaj_a/ej/`e!anaj_a aopei]pkno ej kqn i]ej ola_e"_]pekj0 Ao ]``epekj]h naoqhpo.
sa ]hok nalknp a]_d kb pda _knnaolkj`ejc _ka$_eajpo oal]n]pahu0 Oqn ^]oa/heja
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Sda `alaj`ajp r]ne]^ha eo ]j ej`e_]pkn kb sdapdan lkhe_ai]j &. kb apdje_ cnkql %.
_kiiepo ]j k!ajoa ej ua]n '0*2 Fkn pda i]ej naoqhpo. sa nahu kj ] ^ej]nu k!ajoa
#+Rc` "mno \i_ g\no ^\g`i_\m t`\mn ja n`mqd^` ^\i ]` di^jhkg`o`/ T` ^jiomjg ajm oc` nc\m`ja oc` "mno \i_ g\no t`\m n`mq`_ oj \^^jpio ajm oc` h`^c\id^\g m`g\odjincdk ]`or``i oc` odh`n`mq`_ _pmdib \ bdq`i t`\m \i_ oc` kmj]\]dgdot ja j!`i_dib di oc\o t`\m/
3;
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o]ilha bkn pda Gai] cnkqlo. ep eo kja bkn pda Lqk qjpeh 3<87. ]j` ep osep_dao pk
kja bkn pda K]i]pqo] cnkqlo ej 3<860
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bajoa lnk^]^ehepao kb KANT lkhe_aiaj ]bpan 3<83 ]na `neraj ^u _d]jcejc ^ad]rekn
kb ateopejc lkhe_aiaj kn ^u oaha_pera na_nqepiajp ]j` `eoieoo]h kb lkhe_aiaj0 Ere/
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sdk oanra ej pda bkn_a ^abkna ]j` sdeha *]j`1kn ]bpan+ pdaen apdje_ cnkql d]o
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s]n` bkn a]_d apdje_ cnkql pd]p ^a_kiao l]np kb KANT *p]^ha 4+0 Sda ]j]huoeo
kb lna/pna]piajp pnaj`o. dksaran. `kao jkp ]``naoo pda _kj_anj pd]p pda KANT
$"Rc` h\di m`npgo ]t `ocid^ bmjpk ajm j!`in` ^jpion \m` m`kjmo`_ di o\]g` ?/4/ Rc` "s`_`!`^on m`npgon ajm j!`in` ^jpion \m` m`kjmo`_ di o\]g` ?/5/ Rc`n` m`npgon \m` mj]pno oj `nodh\odib\ Njdnnji hj_`g dino`\_ ja MJQ/
$#Go dn i\opm\g oj m`nomd^o oc` \i\gtndn oj \ ]\g\i^`_ k\i`g ja kjgd^`h`i di ocdn ^\n`- `q`iocjpbc oc`n` kjgd^`h`i \m` ijo m\i_jhgt n`g`^o`_/ Gi oc` m`npgo o\]g`n- r` m`kjmo oc` "i_dibnja "s`_ `!`^on hj_`gn ajm ]joc oc` apgg n\hkg` \i_ \ ]\g\i^`_ k\i`g/
3<
cnkqlo _kqh` d]ra d]` _anp]ej _d]n]_paneope_o pd]p ]!a_pa` ^ad]rekn `e!anajpe]hhu
kran peia0 Sdeo _kj_anj eo l]npe_qh]nhu nahar]jp. ^a_]qoa ok_ek/a_kjkie_ `e!an/
aj_ao ^apsaaj apdje_ cnkqlo ateopa` ^abkna 3<830++ Oqn pna]piajp cnkql iecdp
]hok d]ra ^aaj ]ooecja` oaha_perahu pk `ereoekjo sepd decdan k!ajoa lnk^]^ehe/
peao0 Sk ]``naoo pdaoa mqaopekjo. sa ]qciajp pda ^]oaheja ola_e"_]pekj pk ej_hq`a
_kjpnkh r]ne]^hao. ]j` pdaen `e!anajpe]h a!a_po kran peia0 Va _]j ]hok ]hhks bkn
peia/r]nuejc _kjpnkho pk d]ra a!a_po ola_e"_ pk pda pdnaa apdje_ cnkqlo pd]p i]ga
ql KANT. ^qp pd]p `k jkp _d]jca kran peia w ej _kjpn]op pk pda KANT/lksan
pna]piajp0 Qaoqhpo bkn pdaoa _kjpnkh opn]paceao ]na nalknpa` ej `ap]eh ]o l]np kb
pda kjheja ]llaj`et0
Ij ]``epekj pk atlhknejc pda nkha kb ej`ere`q]h ]j` `ereoekj/harah _d]n]_paneope_o
]o lkpajpe]h _kjbkqj`ano. sa _]j ]hok at]ieja pdai ]o okqn_ao kb dapankcajaepu0
Ij`ere`q]h ]j` `ereoekj _d]n]_paneope_o _kqh` ]hok cera neoa pk dapankcajakqo pna]p/
iajp a!a_po ]j` oda` hecdp kj pda _d]jjaho hejgejc _d]jcejc k!ajoa n]pao pk pda
lkhepe_]h _hkqp kb apdje_ cnkqlo0 Sdaoa a!a_po ]na _]lpqna` ^u ] pnelha ejpan]_pekj
]``a` pk kqn i]ej ola_e"_]pekj ]^kra. ]j` sa `ao_ne^a pdaoa naoqhpo ej oa_pekj
803 ^ahks0
'#% ;CMLNPGKE ALKACNKO
Oqn nahe]j_a kj nalknpa` n]pdan pd]j ej`alaj`ajphu k^oanra` k!ajoao cerao neoa
pk k^rekqo heiep]pekjo0 Ip eo _kj_aer]^ha pd]p pda na_kn`ejc kb k!ajoao bkn lk/
hepe_]hhu lksanbqh apdje_ cnkqlo _d]jcao araj eb pdaen ]_pq]h ^ad]rekn nai]ejo
qj]hpana`0 Vdeha sa _]jjkp nqha kqp oq_d ] nalknpejc a!a_p ] lnekne. ] jqi^an
kb b]_pkno oqllknp kqn ejpanlnap]pekj kb pda na_kn`a` k!ajoao ]o ] na#a_pekj kb
$$Gi ?kk`i_ds R\]g` ?/2 r` ncjr oc\o ]`ajm` 2;72 I?LS j$^`mn _d!`m`_ ndbid"^\iogt amjhjoc`m `ocid^ bmjpkn di ^`mo\di ^c\m\^o`mdnod^n/
42
]_pq]h ^ad]rekn0
30 Sda lkhe_a na_kn`o sana galp bkn ejpanj]h qoa kjhu. ok pda _kjoamqaj_ao kb
^aejc ^kkga` ]o oq_d ]na ieh`0
40 Sda lkhe_a d]o ] _anp]ej `eo_napekj ej dks pk lqjeod ] ceraj k!ajoa= "jao kb
r]nuejc ]ikqjpo. `eoieoo]h. kn `ah]ua` lnkikpekj0 Vdeha apdje_ b]rknepeoi
kn `eo_neiej]pekj _kqh` cera neoa pk nalknpejc ^e]o ej k!ajoao. lqjeodiajpo
k!an ] ikna a!a_pera ]j` lksanbqh ejopnqiajp bkn oq_d *lkoepera kn jac]pera+
apdje_ `eo_neiej]pekj0 Hksaran. sa `k jkp "j` ] `e!anajpe]h pna]piajp ej
lqjeodiajpo0
50 Oja skqh` pule_]hhu atla_p nalknpejc ^e]o ej pda `ena_pekj pd]p lkhepe_]hhu
lksanbqh cnkqlo d]ra SLYY na_kn`a` k!ajoao bkn pda o]ia ]_pq]h ^ad]rekn0
Oqn "j`ejco ck ej pda kllkoepa `ena_pekj= KANT lkhe_aiaj d]ra TVXL
na_kn`a` k!ajoao0
60 Sda ikop oajekn lkhe_a k$_ano *sdk sana kbpaj Eqnkla]j. araj ]bpan ej/
`alaj`aj_a+ d]` ^qehp ql pdaen _]naano `qnejc pda _khkje]h lanek`. sde_d
ajoqna` _kjoeopaj_u ej ]`iejeopn]pera na_kn`o ]j` nalknpejc ln]_pe_ao0
70 Ruopai]pe_ qj`an/ kn kran/nalknpejc kb k!ajoao bkn l]npe_qh]n apdje_ cnkqlo
d]o pk ^a eilhaiajpa` ^u oajekn k$_ano. ^qp sa "j` jk are`aj_a pd]p pda
apdje_ _kilkoepekj kb pda oajekn k$_an _knlo i]ppano bkn pda ieo^ad]rekn
sa `k_qiajp0
80 Va _]j `eopejcqeod ^apsaaj k!ajoa pulao. ]j` _kil]na naoqhpo bkn ikna
k^fa_pera k!ajoao *hega ]^oajpaaeoi ]j` `nqjgajjaoo+. ]j` ikna oq^fa_pera
k!ajoao *oq_d ]o `eok^a`eaj_a+0 Oqn naoqhpo ]na opnkjcaop bkn k^fa_pera
43
k!ajoao0 Reieh]nhu. sa `k jkp "j` are`aj_a kb `e!anajpe]h '_kiiaj`]^ha
^ad]rekn'. kb sde_d pda nalknpejc eo ikna ]p pda `eo_napekj kb oajekn k$_ano0
Sda naoqhpo nabanna` pk ej pdeo heop ]na `eo_qooa` ej `ap]eh ej oq^oamqajp oa_pekjo0
S]gaj pkcapdan. sa pdejg kqn "j`ejco ]na jkp _kjoeopajp sepd pda dulkpdaoeo pd]p
ouopai]pe_ nalknpejc annkno cajan]pa `e!anajpe]h ieo_kj`q_p bkn KANT lkhe_aiaj0
( 6?GK ;COQIPO
Fecqna 5 odkso pda ]jjq]h k!ajoa lnk^]^ehepu kb KANT k$_ano. jkj/KANT kb/
"_ano. ]j` pda `e!anaj_a pkcapdan sepd epo <7( _kj"`aj_a ejpanr]h0 Ip je_ahu
ehhqopn]pao kqn i]ej naoqhp0 Sda pkl habp cn]ld odkso pda l]ppanj bkn pda Gai].
pda pkl necdp bkn pda K]i]pqo]. pda ^kppki habp bkn pda Lqk. ]j` pda ^kppki
necdp bkn ]hh KANT *e0a0. Gai]. K]i]pqo]. ]j` Lqk+ k$_ano0 Sda ranpe_]h hejao
ej`e_]pa pda ua]n ej sde_d ]j apdje_ cnkql _kiao pk lksan pdnkqcd KANT *kn
ha]rao. ej pda _]oa kb pda Lqk ej 3<87+0+,
Bapsaaj 3<79 ]j` pda "nop aha_pekj ej 3<83 pda `e!anaj_a ej k!ajoa lnk^]^ehepu
eo ja]n ]j` op]peope_]hhu ej`eopejcqeod]^ha bnki vank0 Abpan pda "nop aha_pekj pda
`e!anaj_a ej k!ajoa n]pao ej pda Gai]. Lqk ]j` KANT cn]ldo ]na cna]pan pd]j
vank ]j` pda _kj"`aj_a ejpanr]h ej_hq`ao vank kjhu ]p pda i]ncej0 Va oaa ]
oeieh]n l]ppanj bkn K]i]pqo] k$_ano= kj_a KANT ]^okn^a` KADT ej 3<85. pdaen
k!ajoa lnk^]^ehepu ]hok ej_na]oao _kil]na` pk jkj/KANT k$_ano0 Sdeo `e!anaj_a
lanoeopo pdnkqcdkqp kqn peia lanek`. sepd pda <7( _kj"`aj_a ejpanr]h ej_hq`ejc
vank kjhu ]p pda i]ncej0 Mknakran. sa ]hok oaa ] narano]h kb pda l]ppanj sdaj ]j
k$_an)o apdje_ cnkql ha]rao lksan= pda `e!anaj_a ej k!ajoa lnk^]^ehepu ^apsaaj
$%Rc` ]\n`gdi` di^gp_`n \gg kjgd^`h`i rcjn` `ocid^dod`n \m` i`q`m k\mo ja I?LS di oc` ^\n` ja^jhk\mdnjin oj di_dqd_p\g `ocid^ bmjpkn/ Go di^gp_`n \gg kjgd^`h`i rcj \m` ijo k\mo ja I?LSdi \ bdq`i t`\m ajm oc` I?LS bm\kc di oc` ]joojh mdbco k\i`g/
44
Fecqna 5= O!ajoa Pnk^]^ehepu ]j` De!anaj_a kb KANT cnkqlo ]j` Opdan Epd/je_epeao
-.1
0.1
.2.3
Off
en
se P
roba
bili
ty
1957 1959 1961 1963 1965 1967 1969
Gema Non-KANU
Difference 95% CI
-.1
0.1
.2.3
1957 1959 1961 1963 1965 1967 1969
Kamatusa Non-KANU
Difference 95% CI
-.1
0.1
.2.3
Offe
nse P
rob
abili
ty
1957 1959 1961 1963 1965 1967 1969Year
Luo Non-KANU
Difference 95% CI
-.1
0.1
.2.3
1957 1959 1961 1963 1965 1967 1969Year
KANU Non-KANU
Difference 95% CI
Ljo`n< 2;72 h\mfn I`it\)n "mno hpgodk\mot `g`^odjin/ I?LS dn \ odh` q\mtdib q\md\]g`di^gp_dib j$^`mn ja \gg `ocid^ bmjpkn \$gd\o`_ rdoc oc` I`it\ ?amd^\i L\odji\g Sidji*I?LS+/ Rc\o dn oc` E`h\ \ggd\i^` ocmjpbcjpo- oc` Jpj piodg 2;76- \i_ oc` I\h\opn\ \ao`m2;75/
Lqk ]j` jkj/KANT k$_ano ^a_kiao jac]pera ]j` op]peope_]hhu ej`eopejcqeod]^ha
bnki vank0
Sda `e!anaj_a ej k!ajoa lnk^]^ehepeao eo oq^op]jperahu ia]jejcbqh0 Vdeha pda
]ran]ca k!ajoa hegahedkk` kb ]hh lkhe_a k$_ano ej_na]oao ]bpan pda "nop aha_pekj. pda
ej_na]oa bkn KANT k$_ano eo _kjoe`an]^hu h]ncan0 Bapsaaj 3<83 ]j` 3<92 pda
lnk^]^ehepu kb ] jkj/KANT k$_an _kiieppejc ]p ha]op kja k!ajoa ej ] ceraj ua]n
ej_na]oa` bnki 37( pk 43( lan ua]n *e0a0. 362( ej_na]oa+. sdana]o pda hegahedkk`
kb ] KANT k$_an _kiieppejc ]p ha]op kja k!ajoa ej ] ceraj ua]n neoao bnki 37(
pk 47( *e0a0. 389( ej_na]oa+ `qnejc pda o]ia peia lanek`. sde_d eo ] 49 lan_ajp]ca
45
lkejp `e!anaj_a0
Ij p]^ha 4. sa ikra ^aukj` pda cn]lde_]h ]j]huoeo ]j` ailhku pda nacnaooekj
bn]iaskng ola_e"a` ej pda lnarekqo oa_pekj0 Ij a]_d _khqij sa ejpan]_p pda
cnkqlo sepd ] r]ne]^ha ej`e_]pejc pdaen ej_hqoekj ej pda nqhejc _k]hepekj ]j` ]
lh]_a^k bkn pda psk ua]no eiia`e]pahu ^abkna pd]p0 Ckhqijo 3 ]j` 4 lnaoajp pda
naoqhpo bkn pda oq^cnkqlo _kilkoejc KANT ]j` _khqijo 5 ]j` 6 lnaoajp pda
aopei]pao bkn pda KANT _k]hepekj ]o ] sdkha0
Ckhqijo 3 ]j` 4 _kj"nio pda l]ppanj odksj ej "cqna 50 Gai] k$_ano ]na
oecje"_]jphu ikna hegahu pk _kiiep k!ajoao pd]j jkj/KANT k$_ano ]bpan pda
"nop aha_pekj0 Oj ]ran]ca ] Gai] k$_an eo 509( ikna hegahu pk _kiiep ]j k!ajoa
]bpan 3<83 pdaj ] jkj/KANT k$_an0 Sda o]ia dkh`o pnqa bkn K]i]pqo] k$_ano=
qlkj fkejejc pda KANT _k]hepekj ej 3<86. pdau ]na kj ]ran]ca 508( ikna hegahu pk
_kiiep ]j k!ajoa ej ] ceraj ua]n pd]j jkj/KANT k$_ano0 Fej]hhu. pda l]ppanj
bkn Lqk k$_ano eo ] ^ep ikna jq]j_a` `qa pk pdaen ajpn]j_a ]j` atep kb lksan
`qnejc pda peia lanek` qj`an ejraopec]pekj0 Vdeha jkp op]peope_]hhu oecje"_]jp.
] Lqk k$_an eo kj ]ran]ca 504( ikna hegahu _kiiep ]j k$_a pd]j jkj/KANT
k$_ano0 Bqp qlkj ha]rejc pda KANT _k]hepekj. pdaen lnk^]^ehepu kb _kiieppejc
]j k!ajoa `a_na]oao ^u 509( _kil]na` pk Gai] ]j` K]i]pqo] k$_ano. sde_d
eo op]peope_]hhu oecje"_]jp ]p pda 7(/harah0 Fej]hhu. jkpa pd]p ]hh lh]_a^k ejpan]_/
pekjo ]na lkoepera. ^qp nah]perahu oi]hh _kil]na` pk pda cnkqlo) i]ej a!a_po ]j`
op]peope_]hhu ejoecje"_]jp0
Ckhqijo 5 ]j` 6 lnaoajp pda naoqhpo bkn pda KANT _k]hepekj0 Sdau ]na mq]h/
ep]perahu e`ajpe_]h pk pda _ka$_eajp aopei]pao lnaoajpa` ej Ckhqijo 3 ]j` 4= kj
]ran]ca ] KANT k$_an eo ^apsaaj 507 ]j` 6( ikna hegahu pk _kiiep ]j k!ajoa
pd]j ] jkj/KANT k$_an ej ]ju cera ua]n ]bpan 3<830 Ac]ej. pda lh]_a^k ej/
pan]_pekj bkn pda psk ua]no lnekn pk cappejc pk lksan eo oi]hh ]j` op]peope_]hhu
46
S]^ha 4= De!anaj_a ej O!ajoa Pnk^]^ehepeao ^apsaaj KANT ]j` Nkj/KANTO$_ano
+!3<?3
*2+ *3+ *4+ *5+
!#< E`h\ 1/123
*1/128+
!$< E`h\ " Ng\^`]j 6;.71 1/114 1/113
*1/132+ *1/132+
!%< E`h\ " Njno 72 1/144, 1/143,
*1/129+ *1/129+
!&< I\h\opn\ 1/113
*1/119+
!'< I\h\opn\ " Ng\^`]j 73.74 1/117 1/117
*1/123+ *1/124+
!(< I\h\opn\ " Njno 75 1/145,,, 1/146,,,
*1/122+ *1/122+
!)< Jpj .1/113
*1/128+
!*< Jpj " Ng\^`]j 6;.71 1/128 1/128
*1/132+ *1/132+
!+< Jpj " 72.76 1/139 1/13;
*1/132+ *1/132+
!#"< Jpj " Njno 76 .1/122 .1/119
*1/133+ *1/133+
I?LS 1/115
*1/124+
I?LS " Ng\^`]j 6;.71 1/121 1/119
*1/127+ *1/126+
I?LS " Njno 72 1/147,,, 1/141,,
*1/125+ *1/125+
Cocid^ Emjpk Dds`_ C!`^on Lj V`n Lj V`nM]n`mq\odjin 5579; 5579; 5579; 5579;Agpno`mn 7895 7895 7895 7895
!+ . !#"< 1/14;,, 1/147,*1/129+ *1/12;+
Ljo`n< ?gg m`bm`nndjin di^gp_` t`\m "s`_ `!`^on- \i_ ^jiomjg ajm oc` g`iboc ja oc`t`\m di oc` "mno \i_ "i\g t`\m ja n`mqd^`/ Cnodh\o`n ndbid"^\io \o oc` 1/16 *1/21-1/12+ g`q`g \m` h\mf`_ rdoc ,, *,- ,,,+/ Qo\i_\m_ `mmjmn \m` ^gpno`m`_ \o oc`di_dqd_p\g g`q`g/
47
ej`eopejcqeod]^ha bnki vank0+-
Ij pda bkhhksejc psk oq^oa_pekjo sa ejraopec]pa sdapdan pda ej_na]oa ej k!ajoa
lnk^]^ehepu bkn KANT k$_ano eo `qa pk oaha_pekj kn `qa pk _d]jcao ej ^ad]rekn0
(#$ <CICAPGLK 1!CAPO
Epdje_ l]pnkj]ca ej lq^he_ oa_pkn fk^o ]bpan pda 3<83 aha_pekjo eo ] lkpajpe]h
na]okj bkn pda k^oanra` `a_na]oa ej `eo_elheja ]ikjc pda KANT k$_ano0 S]^ha 5
lnaoajpo pda naoqhpo kb kqn ejraopec]pekj kb oaha_pekj a!a_po0 Ckhqijo 3/4 lnaoajp
pda naoqhpo kj ajpnu oaha_pekj. ]j` Ckhqijo 5 ]j` 6 kj atep oaha_pekj0
S]^ha 5= Raha_pekj E!a_po
+!3<?3
Ciomt Q`g`^odji Csdo Q`g`^odji
2no V`\m 3i_ V`\m J\no V`\mAji_p^o\o Csdo
*2+ *3+ *5+ *6+
I?LS 1/135 1/119 1/135 1/128
*1/139+ *1/149+ *1/152+ *1/1;9+
I?LS " Cigdno`_ Njno 72 .1/142 1/157
*1/137+ *1/147+
I?LS " Csdo Njno 72 .1/129 .1/175
*1/153+ *1/1;;+
M]n`mq\odjin 4823 4875 4746 4198
Ljo`n< ?gg m`bm`nndjin di^gp_` t`\m "s`_ `!`^on- \i_ ^jiomjg ajm oc` g`iboc jaoc` t`\m di oc` "mno \i_ "i\g t`\m ja n`mqd^`/ Cnodh\o`n ndbid"^\io \o oc` 1/16*1/21- 1/12+ g`q`g \m` h\mf`_ rdoc ,, *,- ,,,+/ Qo\i_\m_ `mmjmn \m` ^gpno`m`_\o oc` di_dqd_p\g g`q`g/
$&?kk`i_ds o\]g` ?/3 km`n`ion m`npgon amjh d_`iod^\g m`bm`nndjin \n di "mno orj ^jgphin jao\]g` 3- ]po gdhdodib oc` n\hkg` oj oc` "q` h\di `ocid^ bmjpkn *d/`/- Idfptp- I\g`iedi- Jpj-Jpct\- \i_ I\h]\+/ Mq`m\gg oc` k\oo`mi dn d_`iod^\g- \gocjpbc oc` ^j`$^d`ion \m` `nodh\o`_njh`rc\o g`nn km`^dn`gt _p` oj oc` nh\gg`m n\hkg` ndu`< Idfptp- I\g`iedi \i_ Jpj j$^`mn- rc`ioc`dm `ocid^ bmjpk dn k\mo ja oc` I?LS ^j\gdodji- \m` hjm` gdf`gt oj ^jhhdo \i j!`in` oc\iJpct\ \i_ I\h]\ j$^`mn- rcjn` `ocid^ bmjpkn r`m` i`q`m k\mo ja I?LS/ ?kk`i_ds o\]g` ?/4m`.`nodh\o`n oc` h\di hj_`gn pndib oc` iph]`m ja j!`in`n ^jhhdoo`_ di \ t`\m m\oc`m oc\i jpmkm`a`mm`_ _d^cjojhjpn h`\npm`/ ?b\di- r` "i_ oc\o I?LS j$^`mn \m` hjm` gdf`gt oj ^jhhdoj!`in`n \gocjpbc njh` ja oc` `!`^on \m` ijo no\odnod^\ggt ndbid"^\io _p` oj oc` ijdnd`m jpo^jh`h`\npm`/
48
Ckhqij 3 odkso pda `e!anaj_a ej pda lnk^]^ehepu kb _kiieppejc ]j k!ajoa
^apsaaj KANT ]j` jkj/KANT na_nqepo ^abkna ]j` ]bpan 3<83 bkn pdaen "nop
ua]n kb oanre_a0 Va "j` jk op]peope_]hhu oecje"_]jp `e!anaj_a ej pda hegahedkk`
kb _kiieppejc ]j k!ajoa0 Ckhqij 4 lanbknio pda o]ia ]j]huoeo bkn k$_ano
ej pdaen oa_kj` ]j` pden` ua]n kb ajheopiajp0 Ac]ej. sa "j` jk op]peope_]hhu
oecje"_]jp `e!anaj_a ej k!ajoa lnk^]^ehepu ^apsaaj pda KANT ]j` jkj/KANT
k$_ano ^abkna kn ]bpan pda "nop aha_pekj0 Sdeo oqccaop pd]p pda `e!anaj_a ej
lanbkni]j_a ^apsaaj KANT ]j` jkj/KANT k$_ano _]jjkp ^a atlh]eja` ^u
hksan mq]hepu na_nqepo0 Ip ]hok ]``naooao pda _kj_anj pd]p ej_na]oa` na_nqepiajp
kb _anp]ej cnkqlo iecdp hksan pda mq]hepu ej pda lkkh kb ]llhe_]jpo bnki pd]p
l]npe_qh]n cnkql0+.
Ckhqij 5 _kjoe`ano pda k!ajoa lnk^]^ehepu kb lkhe_a k$_ano ej pdaen "j]h ua]n
kb oanre_a0 Ao ej _khqijo 3/4 sa "j` jk oecje"_]jp `e!anaj_a ej k!ajoa lnk^]^eh/
epu ^apsaaj KANT ]j` jkj/KANT k$_ano ^abkna kn ]bpan 3<830 Ckhqij 6 hkkgo
]p ] `e!anajp kqp_kia= pda atepejc k$_an)o "j]h _d]n]_pan ]ooaooiajp. sde_d
i]u n]jca bnki ZB]`' *2+ pk ZEtailh]nu' *6+0 Ac]ej sa "j` pd]p KANT k$/
_ano ha]rejc pda bkn_a ]bpan pda "nop aha_pekj d]` ] ohecdphu sknoa kran]hh _kj`q_p
pd]j pdaen bahhks jkj/KANT atepejc k$_ano. ^qp pd]p `e!anaj_a eo jkp op]peope/
_]hhu oecje"_]jp0 Oran]hh. pdaoa naoqhpo oqccaop pd]p pda k^oanra` `apanekn]pejc
`eo_elheja kb KANT k$_ano ]bpan 3<83 eo jkp `qa pk ]j atep kb `eolnklknpekj]hhu
sahh/lanbkniejc KANT lkhe_aiaj0
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S]^ha 6 lnaoajpo pda naoqhpo kb ] oaneao kb ej`ere`q]h "ta`/a!a_po nacnaooekjo ]o/
oaooejc pda atpajp pk sde_d kqn i]ej "j`ejc _]j ^a atlh]eja` ^u ^ad]rekn]h
_d]jcao0 Ckhqijo 3/5 _kil]na KANT pk jkj/KANT k$_ano ]j` _khqijo 6/9
hkkg ]p pda KANT apdje_ cnkqlo oal]n]pahu0 Sk ajoqna pd]p sa ]na _]lpqnejc
^ad]rekn]h _d]jcao kb k$_ano oanrejc pdnkqcdkqp pda lanek` kb _d]jcejc apdje_
lksan op]pqo. sa _kjopnq_p ] oaneao kb pailkn]h. Z^]h]j_a`' l]jaho pd]p naopne_p
pda o]ilha pk k$_ano sdk oanra` pdnkqcdkqp pd]p peia. at_hq`ejc ]hh iaj sdk
ajpana` kn atepa` `qnejc pda o]ia peia lanek`0
Ckhqij 3 lnaoajpo naoqhpo sepd ej`ere`q]h "ta` a!a_po bkn pda bqhh o]ilha0
Ckhqij 4 lnaoajpo pda naoqhpo bkn k$_ano pd]p oanra` bkn ]p ha]op paj ua]no *3<7;/
3<8;+ ]j` atlaneaj_a` ]hh pda lkhepe_]h odk_go sa ]na ejpanaopa` ej0 Ckhqij 5
odkso pda _ka$_eajp aopei]pao bkn ] ohecdphu haoo naopne_pera oap kb k$_ano> pdkoa
pd]p oanra` ]p ha]op `qnejc kja kb pda l]jaho ej _khqijo 6/90 Ij ]hh _]oao. pda
ejpan]_pekj pani oqccaopo pd]p pda ]ran]ca KANT k$_an s]o ]^kqp 5( ikna hegahu
pk _kiiep ]j k!ajoa lkop/3<83 pd]j ] jkj/KANT k$_an0 Nkpa pda oeieh]nepu
ej pda oeva kb pda a!a_p _kil]na` pk _khqij 6 ej p]^ha 40 Ckhqijo 5/8 odks
pd]p pdeo ^ad]rekn]h a!a_p dkh`o bkn j]nnksan peia sej`kso ]j` a]_d kb pda i]ej
apdje_ cnkqlo sepdej pda KANT _k]hepekj. ]hpdkqcd pdaoa ej`ere`q]h a!a_po ]na
jkp ]hs]uo oecje"_]jp0 Mkop eilknp]jphu. pda naoqhpo ej _khqij 9 oqccaop pd]p
KANT lkhe_a k$_ano `k jkp fqop _d]jca pdaen ^ad]rekn sdaj pdaen cnkql ^a_kiao
l]np kb pda nqhejc l]npu. ^qp ]hok sdaj ep `nklo kqp= ] Lqk k$_an oanrejc ^apsaaj
3<86 ]j` 3<8; na`q_ao deo lnk^]^ehepu kb _kiieppejc ]j k!ajoa kj ]ran]ca ^u
33( ]bpan 3<87 _kil]na` pk ] jkj/KANT k$_an0 Oran]hh. pdaoa naoqhpo oqccaop
pd]p ] _kjoeopajp ^ad]rekn]h odebp ]__kqjpo bkn pda k^oanra` apdje_ `e!anajpe]ho ej
4<
`eo_elheja lkop/3<830+/
Fecqna 6= E!a_p kb KANT pna]piajp kj `e!anajp k!ajoa kqp_kiao
Commendable Behavior
Disobedient
Dirty
Serious Offense
Drunk
Absent
Any Offense
−0.01 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
Full Balanced
Ljo`n< Rc` "bpm` kgjon ^j`$^d`ion ja jpm h\di nk`^d"^\odji rdoc di_dqd_p\g "s`_ `!`^on dioc` ]\g\i^`_ k\i`g ja 2317 kjgd^`h`i \i_ oc` apgg n\hkg` ja 7895 kjgd^`h`i/ Rc`^jmm`nkji_dib o\]g` ^\i ]` ajpi_ di oc` jigdi` \kk`i_ds *o\]g` ?/7+/
Fecqna 6 odkso a!a_po bkn `e!anajp pulao kb k!ajoao oal]n]pahu. nahuejc kj pda
"ta` a!a_po ola_e"_]pekj0 Sda `apanekn]pekj ej ^ad]rekn ]lla]no pk ^a `neraj
^u ]^oajpaaeoi ]j` `nqjgajjaoo0 Sda a!a_po ]na oi]hh bkn pda ikop oq^fa_pera
k!ajoa pulao. `enpejaoo ]j` `eok^a`eaj_a ej l]npe_qh]n0 Ap pda ^kppki. sa odks
pda a!a_po kb pda KANT pna]piajp kj Z_kiiaj`]^ha ^ad]rekn'0 Qa_kn`a` ckk`
^ad]rekn eo iq_d n]nan ej kqn o]ilha pd]j ^]` ^ad]rekqn *pdana ]na fqop 42;
oq_d _]oao. ]j` ep ej_hq`ao bkn at]ilha Zokhrejc _neiao' ]j` Z]nnaopejc _neie/
j]ho'+0 Sda _knnaolkj`ejc _ka$_eajp eo ejoecje"_]jp. ok KANT k$_ano `k jkp
]lla]n pk na`q_a Z_kiiaj`]^ha ^ad]rekn'0 Oran]hh. pdaoa naoqhpo ]hhare]pa _kj/
_anjo kb ^e]oa` nalknpejc ^u pda oajekn k$_ano sdk ajpan k!ajoao0 Sda ej_na]oa`
ieo^ad]rekn eo opnkjcaop bkn ikna k^fa_pera ]_po kb ieo_kj`q_p0 Ij ]``epekj. sa
$(R\]g` ?/5 ncjrn oc` h\di m`npgon rdoc \i_ rdocjpo "s`_ `!`^on ajm j!`in` ^jpion di MJQ\i_ Njdnnji/ R\]g` ?/6 km`n`ion \ o`hkjm\g kg\^`]j o`no ajm oc` "s`_ `!`^on nk`^d"^\odji- ]tncdaodib oc` I?LS om`\oh`io orj t`\mn ajmr\m_/
52
`k jkp oaa ] `a_na]oa ej Z_kiiaj`]^ha ^ad]rekn'0 Ckiiaj`]^ha ^ad]rekn eo
]j kqp_kia kb sde_d pda nalknpejc *_kj`epekj]h kj ^ad]rekn+ odkqh` ^a ikna ]p
pda `eo_napekj kb pda oajekn k$_ano pd]j pda nalknpejc kb ^]` ^ad]rekn0 Rk. pda
ejoecje"_]jp lkoepera a!a_p lnkre`ao ]``epekj]h are`aj_a ]c]ejop `eo_neiej]pknu
nalknpejc0
) 2QNPFCN NCOQIPO
)#$ 0GRGOGLK ?KB GKBGRGBQ?I AF?N?APCNGOPGAO
Vdeha pda "ta` a!a_p ]j]huoeo kb p]^ha 6 ]__kqjpo bkn ] h]nca oap kb _kjbkqj`ejc
b]_pkno. pda naoqhpo _kqh` opehh _]lpqna pda peia/r]nuejc eil]_p kb _d]n]_paneope_o
pd]p ]na _knnah]pa` sepd apdje_epu0 Ij ]``epekj. pda ^]_gcnkqj` ]j` ]ooecjiajp
_d]n]_paneope_o kb lkhe_aiaj ]hok dahl pk qj`anop]j` sdk eo ikop naolkjoera pk
pda KANT pna]piajp0 Rq_d dapankcajakqo a!a_po _kqh` dahl qo pk qj_kran pda
ia_d]jeoi pdnkqcd sde_d lkhepe_]h `kiej]j_a ]!a_po ^ad]rekn0 Sdeo oa_pekj
atlhknao pda nkha kb pdaoa `ereoekj/harah ]j` ej`ere`q]h/harah _d]n]_paneope_o0
Ij lnej_elha. pda _d]jcejc ^ad]rekn k^oanra` ej S]^ha 6 _kqh` ^a pda naoqhp
kb laan a!a_po ]j` pda ]ooecjiajp kb KANT k$_ano pk `ereoekjo sepd lkknan
`eo_elheja ]bpan 3<830 Sda lkhe_a na_kn`o pn]_g ]ooecjiajp pk 52 *cakcn]lde_]h+
lkhe_a `ereoekjo. ^qp `kao jkp lnkre`a ejbkni]pekj kj lkopejco pk oi]hhan qjepo0
S]^ha 7 ejpnk`q_ao `ereoekj/ua]n "ta` a!a_po ej ]``epekj pk ej`ere`q]h "ta` a!a_po.
sde_d ]hhks a]_d `ereoekj pk atlaneaj_a odk_go pk ^ad]rekqn pd]p ]na _kiikj pk
]hh apdje_ cnkqlo0 Eraj ej pdeo `ai]j`ejc ola_e"_]pekj. qoejc kjhu sepdej/`ereoekj
r]ne]pekj. sa "j` pd]p lkhe_aiaj ^ad]ra sknoa sdaj pdau c]ej lkhepe_]h lksan
pdnkqcd KANT0+0 Haj_a. `ereoekj/harah laan a!a_po ]na qj]^ha pk atlh]ej pda lkkn
$)Bdqdndji.g`q`g h`\npm`n ja `ocid^ _dq`mndot \i_ oc` E`i`m\g Q`mqd^` Sido *oc` hjno kjgdod^\g
53
Fecqna 7= Hapankcajakqo a!a_po
KANU x Post 61
KANU x Post 61x Homeland
−0.10 −0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10
Stationed in EthnicHomeland
KANU x Post 61
KANU x Post 61x Home District
−0.10 −0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10
Stationed in Home District
KANU x Post 61
KANU x Post 61x Division
Ethnic Share
−0.10 −0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10
Ethnic Dominancein Division
KANU x Post 61
KANU x Post 61x Rank
−0.10 −0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10
Ranks (0−3 scale)
KANU x Post 61
KANU x Post 61x Ethnic Share
Corporals
−0.10 −0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10
Ethnic Dominancein Corporals
KANU x Post 61
KANU x Post 61x Ethnic Share
Sergants
−0.10 −0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10
Ethnic Dominancein Sergants
KANU x Post 61
KANU x Post 61x Literate
−0.10 −0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10
Literacy
KANU x Post 61
KANU x Post 61x Any Schooling
−0.10 −0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10
Schooling
Full Balanced
Ljo`n< Rcdn "bpm` ncjrn oc` mjg` ja 7 ^jq\md\o`n/ T` `nodh\o` oc` h\di nk`^d"^\odji- rdocI?LS.`ocid^dot.^jq\md\o` "s`_ `!`^on- t`\m.^jq\md\o` "s`_ `!`^on- \i_ oc` dio`m\^odji ja jpmI?LS om`\oh`io q\md\]g` rdoc oc` ^jq\md\o`/ Rc` ^jmm`nkji_dib o\]g`n- rcd^c \gnj di^gp_`nk`^d"^\odjin ^jiomjggdib ajm `\^c ^jq\md\o`- ^\i ]` ajpi_ di oc` jigdi` \kk`i_ds o\]g`n ?/8-?/9- ?/;- ?/21- ?/22- ?/23/
54
S]^ha 7= Dereoekj Feta` E!a_po
8!CKOC
*3+ *4+ *5+
KANT " Pkop 83 2024<,,, 20256,,, 20248,,
*2022<+ *20233+ *20234+
Ij`ere`q]h FE Xao Xao XaoDereoekj/ua]n FE Xao Xao XaoO^oanr]pekjo 6366< 39;;4 35278
Chqopano 8368 3<88 33<3
R]ilha Fqhh R]ilha Cki^eja` B]h]j_a` P]jahY3<79.3<92[ Y3<7;.3<8;[ Y3<7;.3<8;[
Ljo`n< ?gg m`bm`nndjin di^gp_` di_dqd_p\g \i_ _dqdndji.t`\m "s`_ `!`^on/ Rc`t \gnj ^jiomjgajm oc` g`iboc ja oc` t`\m di oc` "mno \i_ "i\g t`\m ja n`mqd^`/ Rc` Y^jh]di`_& k\i`gn \m`_`n^md]`_ di oc` ijo`n ja o\]g` 5/ M]n`mq\odjin rdocjpo _dqdndji diajmh\odji \m` _mjkk`_amjh oc` n\hkg`/ Cnodh\o`n ndbid"^\io \o oc` 1/16 *1/21- 1/12+ g`q`g \m` h\mf`_ rdoc ,, *,-,,,+/ Qo\i_\m_ `mmjmn \m` ^gpno`m`_ \o oc` di_dqd_p\g g`q`g/
lanbkni]j_a kb KANT k$_ano0
Al]np bnki laan a!a_po ]p pda harah kb lkhe_a `ereoekjo. pda cakcn]ldu kb pda
lkopejc _kqh` ]hok i]ppan0 Ij pda _khkje]h lanek`. pda atpajp pk sde_d apdje_
cnkqlo _kqh` lkhe_a pdaen ksj dkiah]j`o s]o heiepa`0 Sdaknape_]hhu. pda a!a_p
kb oanrejc ej pda dkiah]j`o eo jkp _ha]n/_qp0 Oj pda kja d]j`. ^aejc op]pekja`
ej dkiah]j`o iecdp lnkre`a ikna haeoqna kllknpqjepeao ]j` i]ga pdai ikna
hegahu pk odeng0 Oj pda kpdan d]j`. ^aejc op]pekja` _hkoa pk pdaen b]ieheao iecdp
i]ga lkhe_aiaj ikna gaaj pk gaal pdaen fk^o. ]j` oanrejc b]n ]s]u bnki kja)o
dkia iecdp na`q_a skng o]peob]_pekj0 Fkn at]ilha. Bk. Fej]j ]j` Qkooe *4235+
aopei]pa pda _kilajo]pekj lq^he_ oanr]jpo namqena pk skng ej naikpa hk_]pekjo0+1
Fecqna 7 ejraopec]pao dapankcajaepu ej pda KANT lksan a!a_p. ]j` pda qllan habp
kjgd^` pido+ \m` ijo _mdqdib oc` m`npgon *o\]g`n ?/26 \i_ ?/24+- ijm _j oc`t nom`iboc`i oc`I?LS kjr`m `!`^o/
$*@`dib no\odji`_ di cjh`g\i_n ^jpg_ \gnj dhkmjq` kjgd^` `!`^odq`i`nn ocmjpbc oc` dio`m\^.odjin rdoc oc` gj^\g kjkpg\odji< Jt\gg *3121+ "i_n ajm `s\hkg` oc\o ^j.`ocid^ n`^pmdot k`mnjii`g\m` hjm` `!`^odq` ^jpio`m.dinpmb`ion/ Ma ^jpmn`- jpm h`\npm` ja kjgd^` k`majmh\i^` dn nomd^ogtdio`mi\g- \i_ h\t ijo ^\kopm` np^c `!`^on/
55
oq^/"cqna ejraopec]pao pda nkha kb ^aejc op]pekja` ej kja)o apdje_ dkiah]j`0 Sdana
eo jk are`aj_a pd]p pda i]ej pna]piajp a!a_p eo opnkjcan bkn KANT k$_ano oanrejc
ej pdaen dkiah]j`0 Sda qllan necdp _ka$_eajp lhkp hkkgo ]p pda nkha kb ^aejc
op]pekja` ej kja)o `eopne_p kb ^enpd. ]j` oeieh]nhu "j`o jk are`aj_a kb `e!anajpe]h
a!a_po0 Sda _knnaolkj`ejc p]^hao ej pda kjheja ]llaj`et *p]^hao A09 ]j` A0;+
ej_hq`a `e!anajp ia]oqnao kb ^aejc lkopa` ej kja)o dkia nacekj ]o _kjpnkho w pdaoa
ia]oqnao jkp atlh]ej pda _d]jcejc ^ad]rekn kb KANT lkhe_aiaj0
Sdnaa kb pda _ajpn]h lhkpo ej "cqna 7 paop sdapdan pda KANT a!a_p eo opnkjcan
bkn lkhe_aiaj sdkoa apdje_epu eo ikna lnkiejajp ej pdaen `ereoekj0 Sda _d]jcejc
^ad]rekn kb KANT k$_ano p]gao lh]_a ej ] _kjpatp kb ej_na]oa` lksan kb pdaen
apdje_ cnkqlo ]p pda j]pekj]h harah0 Hksaran. pda Zhk_]h `kiej]j_a' kb kja)o ksj
apdje_ cnkql. ]p pda harah kb lkhe_a `ereoekjo. `kao jkp ]lla]n pk _kjpne^qpa pk
pda `apanekn]pekj kb `eo_elheja0 Sdeo eo pda _]oa ^kpd bkn ] ia]oqna kb kran]hh
jqiane_]h opnajcpd. ]j` ia]oqnao bkn pda nalnaoajp]pekj kb kja)o apdje_ cnkql
]ikjc pda decdan lkhe_a n]jgo. sdk _kqh` ej lnej_elha d]ra ^aaj ikna hajeajp0+2
Va ]hok _]jjkp _kj"ni pda kllkoepa dulkpdaoeo= pd]p k$_ano ieo^ad]ra ikna
sdaj pdau ]na i]p_da` pk oajekno bnki kpdan apdje_epeao. aepdan ^a_]qoa oq_d ]
ieoi]p_d eo _kj`q_era bkn ieo^ad]rekn. kn ^a_]qoa oajekn k$_ano ]na ikna hegahu
pk nalknp pda k!ajoao kb jkj/_k/apdje_ fqjekno sdaj pda h]ppan)o apdje_ cnkqlo ]na
ej lksan0
A pden` oap kb lhkpo ej "cqna 7 at]iejao pda nkha kb ej`ere`q]h _d]n]_paneope_o0 A
lkhe_ai]j)o n]jg `kao jkp _ha]nhu ]!a_p pda KANT lksan a!a_p0 Ip eo ejpanaopejc
pk jkpe_a pd]p pda ej_na]oa` k!ajoao ]na jkp `neraj ^u hksan n]jgo *sde_d skqh`
$+Gi gdi` rdoc oc` d_`\ oc\o _jhdi\i^` h\oo`mn \o \ cdbc`m g`q`g oc\i oc` _dqdndji- r` "i_ \kjndodq` dio`m\^odji ja jpm h\di om`\oh`io q\md\]g` rdoc \i di_d^\ojm ajm rc`oc`m oc` YNmjqdi^d\gNjgd^` M$^`m& voc` j$^`m ^jhh\i_dib \ kjgd^` m`bdji *^jh]didib hpgodkg` \i_ cd`m\m^cd^\ggt\]jq` kjgd^` _dqdndjin+ dn amjh oc` n\h` `ocid^ bmjpk/ Rcdn dio`m\^odji dn g\mb` di h\bidop_`]po ijo ndbid"^\io *o\]g` ?/25+/
56
eilhu ] jac]pera pnelha ejpan]_pekj+0 Ij pda hecdp kb pdeo naoqhp. ep oaaio qjhegahu
bkn at]ilha pd]p KANT lkhe_aiaj ]na ^qhhea` ejpk ieo^ad]rekn ^u decdan/harah
k$_ano0 Mkrejc pk pda ^kppki lhkpo. pda KANT lksan a!a_p eo _ha]nhu opnkjcan
bkn ^appan a`q_]pa` lkhe_aiaj0 Va qoa psk ia]oqnao kb a`q_]pekj]h ^]_gcnkqj`0
Fenop. pda lanokjjah na_kn`o op]pa sdapdan pda na_nqep oecja` kn pdqi^/lnejpa` deo
oanre_a naceopan. sde_d _]j ^a ejpanlnapa` ]o ] lnktu bkn hepan]_u0,) Va ]hok d]ra
ejbkni]pekj ]^kqp sdapdan pda lkhe_ai]j d]o ]ju bkni]h o_dkkhejc. sde_d eo pda
_]oa bkn ]^kqp 52( kb kqn i]ej o]ilha0 Ip eo lkooe^ha pd]p hepan]pa lkhe_aiaj ]na
ikna naolkjoera pk pda KANT lksan pna]piajp ^a_]qoa pdau ]na ikna lkhepe_]hhu
]s]na0 Ahpanj]perahu. hepan]pa lkhe_aiaj _kqh` d]ra ^appan kqpoe`a klpekjo / ej
na]hepu kn ej *enn]pekj]h+ atla_p]pekj0 Sda lh]qoe^ehepu kb kqpoe`a klpekjo ]o ]
`neran kb odengejc ^ad]rekqn sehh ^a atlhkna` bqnpdan ej pda jatp oq^oa_pekjo0
)#% 9NLJLPGLK ?KB MQKGOFJCKP
Oja s]u pk n]pekj]heva pda ej_na]oa` ieo_kj`q_p kb KANT k$_ano eo pdnkqcd pda
ejpanj]h _]naan lnkcnaooekj ej pda lkhe_a0 Sda s]u pda lkhe_a `eo_elhejao epo n]jg/
]j`/"ha iecdp ^a oq_d pd]p lkhepe_]hhu lksanbqh apdje_ cnkqlo ]na lqjeoda` haoo bkn
ieo_kj`q_p0 Pqjeodiajpo _]j p]ga `e!anajp bknio ej pdeo _kjpatp0 O!aj`ano _]j
^a `ajea` lnkikpekj kllknpqjepeao. pdau _]j ^a "ja`. ]j` pdau _]j ^a `eoieooa`0
Va sehh paop eb pdaoa naolkjoao pk k!ajoa deopkneao _d]jca sdaj apdje_ cnkqlo hkoa
kn c]ej lksan pdnkqcd KANT0
Ij p]^ha 8. sa paop dks pda ]ran]ca ]jjq]h jqi^an kb k!ajoao ej ] lkhe_a/
i]j)o _]naan ]!a_p deo lnkikpekj lnkola_po0 Ij cajan]h. decdan l]op k!ajoa n]pao
i]ga lnkikpekjo haoo hegahu ]j` `eoieoo]ho ikna hegahu0 Ijpanaopejchu. pdana eo jk
are`aj_a pd]p KANT k$_ano ]na lnkikpa` kn `eoieooa` `e!anajphu. ^kpd sdaj
%"Qdbi\opm` gdo`m\^t dn rd_`gt pn`_ \hjib cdnojmd\in *P\^c\g- 2;98+/
57
S]^ha 8= C]naan Pnkcnaooekj Ckj`epekj]h kj Ckj`q_p
,>=;=@7=< '7?;7??/9 -3?75</@7=<*2+ *3+ *4+ *5+ *6+ *7+
I?LS " Njno 72 1/112 1/113 1/125 1/118 .1/125 .1/119*1/113+ *1/113+ *1/122+ *1/122+ *1/119+ *1/11;+
Aphpg\odq` j!`in` m\o` .1/128,,, 1/427,,, 1/121*k`m t`\m+ *1/113+ *1/128+ *1/122+
I?LS " Njno 72 1/112 .1/116 1/112 1/144 .1/135 .1/166,," Aphpg\odq` j!`in` m\o` *1/113+ *1/115+ *1/136+ *1/148+ *1/126+ *1/135+
M!`in`.I?LS Cocid^ C!`^on Lj V`n Lj V`n Lj V`nM!`in`.V`\m C!`^on Lj V`n Lj V`n Lj V`n
M]n`mq\odjin 5579; 5579; 5579; 5579; 5579; 5579;Agpno`mn 7895 7895 7895 7895 7895 7895
Ljo`n< P`bm`nndjin ajm oc` apgg n\hkg` k`mdj_ *2;68.2;81+/ ?gg m`bm`nndjin di^gp_` t`\m-o`ipm`- \i_ `ocid^ bmjpk "s`_ `!`^on/ T` \gnj ^jiomjg ajm oc` g`iboc ja oc` t`\m di oc`"mno \i_ "i\g t`\m ja n`mqd^`/ M!`in`.I?LS `ocid^ "s`_ `!`^on dio`m\^o oc` ^phpg\odq`j!`in` m\o` q\md\]g` rdoc \ _phht `lp\g oj ji` ajm \gg `ocid^dod`n oc\o \m` k\mo ja I?LS\o njh` kjdio *E`h\- I\h\opn\- \i_ Jpj+/ Rc` jpo^jh` di ^jgphin *2+ \i_ *3+ dn \ m\ifdi_`s o\fdib q\gp`n ]`or``i 1 \i_ 4/ Cnodh\o`n ndbid"^\io \o oc` 1/16 *1/21- 1/12+ g`q`g \m`h\mf`_ rdoc ,, *,- ,,,+/ Qo\i_\m_ `mmjmn \m` ^gpno`m`_ \o oc` di_dqd_p\g g`q`g/
S]^ha 9= Pqjeodiajp Ckj`epekj]h kj Ckiieppejc ]j O!ajoa
)=5"(7<3# $<C ,A<7?6;3<@
*2+ *3+ *4+ *5+
I?LS " Njno 72 1/116 1/224 1/118 .1/13;
*1/147+ *1/1;4+ *1/12;+ *1/155+
Cocid^ bmjpk Dds`_C!`^on
V`n Lj V`n Lj
Gi_dqd_p\g Dds`_ C!`^on Lj V`n Lj V`n
M]n`mq\odjin 7666 7666 9672 9672
Agpno`mn 4812 4812 5374 5374
Ljo`n< P`bm`nndjin ajm oc` apgg n\hkg` k`mdj_ *2;68.2;81+/ ?gg m`bm`nndjin \m` gdhdo`_ ojj$^`m.t`\m j]n`mq\odjin rdoc \o g`\no ji` j!`in` *\i_ \ kjndodq` "i` \hjpio- ajm ^jgphin2 \i_ 3+/ Rc`t di^gp_` o`ipm` "s`_ `!`^on- t`\m "s`_ `!`^on ]t j!`in` otk` *\n di "bpm`6+- \i_ dio`m\^odjin ja `\^c j!`in` otk` rdoc \ _phht `lp\g oj ji` ajm \gg `ocid^dod`n oc\o\m` k\mo ja I?LS \o njh` kjdio *E`h\- I\h\opn\- \i_ Jpj+/ Cnodh\o`n ndbid"^\io \o oc`1/16 *1/21- 1/12+ g`q`g \m` h\mf`_ rdoc ,, *,- ,,,+/ Qo\i_\m_ `mmjmn \m` ^gpno`m`_ \o oc`di_dqd_p\g g`q`g/
58
pdau `k ]j` sdaj pdau `k jkp d]ra ]j k!ajoa deopknu0 Oja s]u pk omq]na pdaoa
naoqhpo sepd pda ej_na]oa` k!ajoa lnk^]^ehepeao kb KANT k$_ano eo pdnkqcd ^ap/
pan kqpoe`a klpekjo0 Ib KANT lkhe_aiaj pdejg pdau _]j ^aja"p bnki lkhepe_]h
l]pnkj]ca kqpoe`a kb pda lkhe_a. pdau _kqh` ^a sehhejc pk odeng ]j` _]nnu pda neog
kb `eoieoo]h0 Hksaran. pda naoecj]pekj naoqhpo `k jkp ]lla]n pk _kj"ni pdeo ej/
panlnap]pekj0 KANT lkhe_aiaj ]na jkp ikna hegahu pk naoecj rkhqjp]nehu0 Fej]hhu.
p]^ha 9 ]j]huvao pda "jao ej ] o]ilha kb k$_an/ua]no sepd ]p ha]op kja k!ajoa0
Sda "nop psk _khqijo bk_qo kj "ja ]ikqjpo. sdeha pda h]ppan psk _khqijo bk_qo
kj sdapdan ]j k$_an eo lqjeoda` ]p ]hh0 Ij ^kpd _]oao. sa _kjpnkh ranu #ate^hu
bkn pda jqi^an ]j` pulao kb k!ajoao _kiieppa`. ok pd]p sa _]lpqna sdapdan pda
KANT pna]piajp atlh]ejo pda l]np kb "jao kn lqjeodiajp qjatlh]eja` ^u pda
k!ajoa `ap]eho ]j` kpdan k$_an _d]n]_paneope_o0 Fkn ^kpd "ja ]ikqjpo ]j` pda
lqjeodiajp ej`e_]pkn. pdana eo jk are`aj_a kb lnabanajpe]h pna]piajp0 Sda ]^oaj_a
kb b]rknepeoi ej pda eiia`e]pa lqjeodiajpo ]hok iepec]pao pda ^nk]`an _kj_anj kb
nalknpejc ^e]o pk okia atpajp0 Ib oajekn k$_ano pnu pk i]ga heba d]n`an bkn KANT
cnkqlo. kja skqh` atla_p pdai pk ej_na]oa lqjeodiajpo _kj`epekj]h kj k!ajoao
]o sahh0 Sdana eo jk are`aj_a kb oq_d `eo_neiej]pknu odknp/nqj `eo_elhejejc0
* 0GOAQOOGLK
Va _]j nqha kqp pd]p pda KANT a!a_p eo `neraj ^u cnkqlo ej lksan na_nqepejc
sknoa lkhe_aiaj0 Ijopa]`. ola_e"_]pekjo sepd k$_an "ta` a!a_po odksa` pd]p
ej`ere`q]ho _d]jca ^ad]rekn sdaj pdaen cnkql _kiao pk lksan0 Sda dapankcajakqo
a!a_po ej p]^ha 7 ]j` "cqna 7 ej`e_]pa pd]p pdeo _]jjkp ^a ]ppne^qpa` pk pda lh]_a
kb lkopejc kn pk pda apdje_ _kilkoepekj ]p pda `ereoekj harah0 Sda lkhe_a `kao
jkp oaai pk `eo_neiej]pa KANT k$_ano lkoeperahu kn jac]perahu0 Ckj`epekj]h kj
59
k!aj`ejc. KANT lkhe_aiaj ]na jkp lnkikpa`. `eoieooa`. kn "ja` `e!anajphu. ]o
odksj ej p]^hao 8 ]j` 90 Bqp pdaj. sdu skqh` lkhe_aiaj _d]jca ^ad]rekn sdaj
pdaen apdje_ cnkql eo ej lksan@
Ib pda ej_ajperao bkn ieo^ad]rekn ]na jkp ejpanj]h pk pda lkhe_a. pdau _kqh` opehh
^a atpanj]h. pdnkqcd eilnkra` kqpoe`a klpekjo0 Vdeha sa d]ra jk `]p] kj pda
fk^ i]ngap lnkola_po kb lkhe_aiaj. sa `k k^oanra rkhqjp]nu naoecj]pekjo bnki
pda bkn_a0 Ib KANT k$_ano b]na iq_d ^appan ej pda cajan]h h]^kn i]ngap. sa
skqh` atla_p pdai pk ha]ra pda lkhe_a ikna kbpaj kj ] rkhqjp]nu ^]oeo0 S]^ha 8
oqccaopo pd]p pdeo `kao jkp d]llaj0 Sdeo eo ieh` *^qp _ha]nhu jkp _kj_hqoera+
are`aj_a ]c]ejop kqpoe`a _]naan klpekjo `nerejc kqn "j`ejco0 Aj ]hpanj]pera at/
lh]j]pekj eo pd]p pda eilnkra` lnkola_po bkn KANT k$_ano ]na hejga` pk pdaen
nkha ej pda lkhe_a. bkn at]ilha eb pdau d]ra ikna kllknpqjepeao pk l]npe_el]pa ej
_knnqlp ]_perepeao0 Rq_d ^ad]rekn _kqh` ]__kqjp bkn pda ej_na]oa ej ]^oajpaaeoi.
eb lkhe_aiaj ]na sehhejc pk pn]`a k! pdaoa a]njejc kllknpqjepeao ]c]ejop pda neog
kb ieooejc lnkikpekjo kn araj `eoieoo]h0 Hksaran. ep eo d]n`an pk n]pekj]heva pda
ej_na]oa` `nqjgajjaoo ej pdeo atlh]j]pekj0 Oja ia_d]jeoi pd]p sa _]jjkp paop
`ena_phu. ^qp eo _kjoeopajp sepd ]hh kqn "j`ejco eo ] Zs]ni chks' a!a_p kb lkhep/
e_]h lksan0 Pkhepe_]h odk_go iecdp lneia apdje_ oqlaneknepu. ]j` ha]` pk sknoa
`eo_elheja kb pda pna]pa` lkhe_aiaj. araj eb pda k^fa_pera ]j` i]pane]h ej_ajperao
bkn oq_d ^ad]rekn `k jkp _d]jca0 Sda hepan]pqna kj apdje_ `eranoepu d]o e`ajpe"a`
^ad]rekn]h lneiejc a!a_po ej ranu `e!anajp _kjpatpo0 Ij ] n]j`kieva` _kjpnkh
pne]h ej Ij`e]. Hk! ]j` P]j`au *4234+ bkn at]ilha "j` pd]p hksan/_]opa o_dkkh
_deh`naj lanbkni sknoa sdaj pdaen _]opa eo iajpekja` ^abkna p]gejc ] paop0 Ij
kqn _kjpatp. ep eo d]n` pk lnkra `ena_phu pd]p sa ]na _]lpqnejc pda iana lnei/
ejc kb apdje_ `kiej]j_a w sa ]na j]pqn]hhu _kjopn]eja` ^u kqn deopkne_]h `]p]0
Rpehh. kqn naoqhpo odks pd]p oq``aj lkhepe_]h odk_go _]j _d]jca pda nah]pekjodel
5;
^apsaaj apdje_ e`ajpepeao ]j` fk^ lanbkni]j_a pdnkqcd ej`ere`q]h ^ad]rekqn0 Ij
l]npe_qh]n. sa "j` pd]p ]j apdje_ cnkql)o ej_hqoekj ej pda nqhejc l]npu d]o eiia/
`e]pa a!a_po kj pda `]u/pk/`]u bqj_pekjejc kb pdaen cnkql iai^ano ej kja kb pda
ikop eilknp]jp ^n]j_dao kb pda op]pa)o ]`iejeopn]pekj. pda lkhe_a0 Va k^oanra
pdaoa _d]jcao ej ^ad]rekn araj pdkqcd pdana ]na jk _ha]n _]naan ej_ajperao0 Sdeo
ia]jo pd]p pda a!a_po kb lkhepe_]h `kiej]j_a _]j kjhu ^a atlh]eja` ^u oq^pha
ia_d]jeoio. oq_d ]o ] _kj"`aj_a ^kkop pneccana` ^u lkhepe_]h odk_go0
+ /LKAIQOGLKO
Dqnejc Kaju])o lkhepe_]h pn]joepekj KANT aianca` ]o pda `kiej]jp lkhepe_]h
lksan. ]^okn^ejc kn kqph]sejc epo _kilapepkno0 Vdeha b]rknepeoi ]j` lkhepe_]h
l]pnkj]ca d]ra ^aaj `k_qiajpa` ej lnarekqo naoa]n_d kj Kaju] *a0c0. Bqncaoo
ap ]h0. 4237> Kn]ikj ]j` Pkojan. 4238+. kqn l]lan haran]cao qjemqa `]p] kj pda
`]u/pk/`]u ^ad]rekn kb ej`ere`q]h lq^he_ oanr]jpo ej kja kb pda ikop eilknp]jp
lq^he_ ]`iejeopn]pekjo= pda lkhe_a0 Toejc ej`ere`q]h na_kn`o kb 8.9;6 Kaju]j
lkhe_aiaj ^apsaaj 3<79 ]j` 3<92. sa "j` pd]p ]bpan pda "nop iqhpel]npu aha_pekj
ej 3<83 lkhe_a k$_ano bnki apdje_epeao ]ook_e]pa` sepd KANT op]np _kj`q_pejc
k!ajoao ]p ] oecje"_]jphu decdan n]pa pd]j jkj/KANT k$_ano0 Ijraopec]pejc pdeo
naoqhp bqnpdan. sa odks pd]p pdeo eo jkp `qa pk oaha_pejc sknoa na_nqepo kn atepejc
kb l]npe_qh]nhu ckk` lanbkniejc k$_ano. ^qp `qa pk ] _d]jca ej ^ad]rekn kb pda
o]ia ej`ere`q]ho ]bpan 3<830 Sdeo odebp ej ^ad]rekn `kao jkp oaai pk ^a `neraj kn
opnajcpdaja` ^u pda _d]n]_paneope_o kb pda `ereoekjo ej sde_d pdaoa lkhe_aiaj sana
oanrejc. ^qp oaaio pk ^a ikna lnkiejajp ej hepan]pa ]j` ikna decdhu a`q_]pa`
k$_ano0 Fej`ejc jk are`aj_a kb `e!anajpe]h lnkikpekj kn lqjeodiajp ^apsaaj
KANT ]j` jkj/KANT. sa `eoieoo ia_d]jeoio nahuejc kj kqpoe`a klpekjo ^]oa`
5<
kj lkhepe_]h l]pnkj]ca ]llkejpiajpo0 Ijopa]` kqn "j`ejco oaai pk ^a _kjoeopajp
sepd ] Zs]ni chks' kb lksan a!a_p0 Sda aiancaj_a kb apdje_ lkhepe_o ej pda
]bpani]pd kb pda "nop aha_pekj iecdp d]ra _na]pa` ] oajoa kb ^aejc ailksana`.
sde_d ej#qaj_a` pda ^ad]rekn kb pdkoa k$_ano apdje_]hhu ]ook_e]pa` sepd pda
nqhejc l]npu0
Sda ie_nk/are`aj_a kb pdeo l]lan oqccaopo pd]p apdje_ lkhepe_o od]la lq^he_
oanre_a lnkreoekj. jkp fqop pdnkqcd pda `ena_p ]hhk_]pekj kb lq^he_ ckk`o. ^qp ]hok
pdnkqcd pda ^ad]rekn kb apdje_ cnkqlo sepdej pda op]pa)o ^qna]q_n]_u0 Qa/^qeh`ejc
]j` bkniejc pda lq^he_ oanre_a ej lnklknpekj pk lklqh]pekj od]nao kb apdje_epeao
kn nacekjo eo ] `a_h]na` ck]h kb Kaju])o Pkhe_a ]j` Aniu *Ckjopepqpekj kb Kaju]
Anpe_ha 46816 ]j` 46316+. ]j` Fn]j&_keo. Q]ejan ]j` Sna^^e *4237+ `k_qiajp oq_d
lnklknpekj]hepu ]p decdan haraho kb ckranjiajp ikna cajan]hhu ej Abne_]0 Hksaran.
oq_d lkhe_eao i]u jkp _kqjpan pda a!a_po kb lkhepe_]h `kiej]j_a `k_qiajpa` ej
kqn l]lan0
62
;CDCNCKACO
Afqhq. Qkg0 42240 ZPkhepe_eoa` apdje_epu. _kilapepera lkhepe_o ]j` _kj#e_p ejKaju]= A deopkne_]h lanola_pera0' 1MXPJHU DZ[KPLY 83*4+=473w48;0
Aga_d. Ji Mec]e0 42270 ZPq^he_ L]s U]hqao ]j` pda Pkhepe_o kb Cneiej]h*Ij+Jqope_a= Cna]pejc A Daik_n]pe_ Fn]iaskng bkn Pkhe_ejc ej Kaju]0' @^%
MVXK FUP\LXYPZ_ 3VTTVU]LHSZO =H] ;V[XUHS 7*4+=447w4780
Ahaoej]. Ah^anpk. Qav] B]men ]j` Vehhe]i E]opanhu0 3<<<0 ZPq^he_ ckk`o ]j`apdje_ `ereoekjo0' B[HXZLXS_ ;V[XUHS VM 5JVUVTPJY 336*6+=3465 34;60
Aj`anokj. D]re` M0 42240 ZUeceh]jpao. Uekhaj_a ]j` pda Pkhepe_o kb Pq^he_ On`anej Kaju]0' 1MXPJHU 1!HPXY 323=753w7640
Aj`anokj. D]re` M0 42270 ZXkqno ej Rpnqccha bkn M]fei^k0 N]pekj]heoi ]j` pdaP]npu Pkhepe_o kb Da_khkjev]pekj ej Kaju]. 3<77/860' ;V[XUHS VM 3VUZLTWVXHX_
8PYZVX_ 62*5+=769w7860
Aqan^]_d. Jkodq] N0 42250 ZPkhe_a A__kqjp]^ehepu ej Kaju]0' 1MXPJHU 8[THU
CPNOZY =H] ;V[XUHS ll0 497w5350
B]janfaa. A^defep ]j` Eopdan Dq#k0 42280 ZA``naooejc A^oaj_a0' ;V[XUHS VM
5JVUVTPJ ALXYWLJZP\LY 42*3+=339w3540
B]janfaa. A^defep. Q]cd]^aj`n] Cd]ppkl]`du]u. Eopdan Dq#k. D]jeah Kajeopkj]j` Nej] Rejcd0 42340 ZC]j Ijopepqpekjo ^a Qabknia` bnki Vepdej@ Ere`aj_abnki ] Q]j`kieva` Etlaneiajp sepd pda Q]f]opd]j Pkhe_a0' >PTLV 0
Bajjapp. Gaknca0 3<830 ZKaju])o Fnqopn]pa` Eha_pekj0' EOL GVXSK EVKH_
39*8+=476w4830
Banpn]j`. M]ne]jja. Qk^ej Bqncaoo. Anqjeod Cd]sh] ]j` Gqk Wq0 42370 ZSdaDapaniej]jpo ]j` Ckjoamqaj_ao kb Bqna]q_n]pe_ E!a_perajaoo= Ere`aj_a bnkipda Ij`e]j A`iejeopn]pera Ranre_a0' GVXRPUN WHWLX 0
Bk. Enjaopk D]h. Fna`ane_k Fej]j ]j` M]npej Qkooe0 42350 ZRpnajcpdajejc Rp]paC]l]^ehepeao= Sda Qkha kb Fej]j_e]h Ij_ajperao ej pda C]hh pk Pq^he_ Ranre_a0'?25C GVXRPUN AHWLX ?V& (.(,- 0
Bqncaoo. Qk^ej. Qaie Ja`s]^. E`s]n` Mecqah. Aiaap Mknf]ne] ]j` Gan]n`P]`nk/e Mecqah0 42370 ZSda U]hqa kb Daik_n]_u= Ere`aj_a bnki Qk]` Bqeh`ejcej Kaju]0' 1TLXPJHU 5JVUVTPJ CL\PL] 327*8+=3;39w3;730
C]hhaj. Me_d]ah. R]]` Gqhv]n. Ahe H]o]j]ej. X]oen Kd]j ]j` Ani]j Qav]aa042370 ZPanokj]hepeao ]j` Pq^he_ Ra_pkn Panbkni]j_a= Ere`aj_a bnki ] Ha]hpdEtlaneiajp ej P]geop]j0' ?25C GVXRPUN AHWLX ?V& )((.' 0
63
C]hhaj. Me_d]ah. R]]` Gqhv]n. Rua` Ahe H]o]j]ej ]j` X]oen0 42380 ZSda Pkhepe_]hE_kjkiu kb Pq^he_ Ra_pkn A^oaj_a= Etlaneiajp]h Ere`aj_a bnki P]geop]j0'NBEQ Vkngejc P]lan Nk0 445620
Ch]upkj. Ajpdkju0 3<;<0 <LU_H0 Mkjkcn]ldo ej ejpanj]pekj]h opq`eao0 ]bne_]oaneao > jk0 73 a`0 Apdajo. Odek= Odek Tjeranoepu Cajpan bkn Ijpanj]pekj]hRpq`eao ll0 32<w3630
Cksaj. Me_d]ah ]j` K]^enq Keju]jfqe0 3<990 ZRkia lnk^haio kb _]lep]h ]j`_h]oo ej Kaju]0' 9UYZPZ[ZL MVX 4L\LSVWTLUZ DZ[KPLY 0
Cn]sbkn`. Qksaj] ]j` Qe_d]n` Deojau0 42360 ZQabkni kb lkhe_a lajoekjo ejEjch]j` ]j` V]hao0' ;V[XUHS VM A[ISPJ 5JVUVTPJY 338=84w940
Da Lq_]. Ge]_kik. Qkh]j` Hk`han. P]qh A0 Q]o_dgu ]j` Me_daha U]hoa__de0 42370ZEpdje_ F]rknepeoi= ]j Ateki kb Pkhepe_o0' 35D9MV GVXRPUN AHWLX *74<2+0
Daoiap. Kh]qo. Icj]_ek Onpqjk/Onpej ]j` Qki]ej V]_ve]nc0 42340 ZSda Pk/hepe_]h E_kjkiu kb Lejcqeope_ Cha]r]cao0' ;V[XUHS VM 4L\LSVWTLUZ 5JVUVTPJY
<9*4+=544w55;0
Dq#k. Eopdan. Qai] H]jj] ]j` Rpaldaj P0 Qu]j0 42340 ZIj_ajperao Vkng= Gap/pejc Sa]_dano pk Ckia pk R_dkkh0' 1TLXPJHU 5JVUVTPJ CL\PL] 324*6+=3463w9;0
E]opanhu. Vehhe]i ]j` Qkoo Lareja0 3<<90 ZAbne_])o cnkspd pn]ca`u= lkhe_eao ]j`apdje_ `ereoekjo0' B[HXZLXS_ ;V[XUHS VM 5JVUVTPJY ll0 3425w34720
Fej]j. Fna`ane_k. Bajf]iej A0 Ohgaj ]j` Qkdeje P]j`a0 42380 EOL ALXYVUULS
5JVUVTPJY VM ZOL DZHZL0 Ehoarean0
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Fn]van. Jaj`]ue E0 3<<60 D[YZHPUPUN JP\PSPHU JVUZXVS0 HXTLK JV[UZLX]LPNOZY PU
XLNPTL YZHIPSPZ_ PU 1MXPJH0 Rp]jbkn` Tjeranoepu0
H]^u]nei]j]. J]iao. M]_]np]j Hqildnauo. D]jeah N0 Pkojan ]j` Janaiu M0Vaejopaej0 42290 ZVdu `kao apdje_ `eranoepu qj`anieja lq^he_ ckk` lnkre/oekj@' 1TLXPJHU AVSPZPJHS DJPLUJL CL\PL] 323*6+=92<w9470
H]oo]j. M]e0 bknpd_kiejc0 ZSda Rpn]pace_ Rdq%a= Epdje_ Gakcn]ldu. pda Ijpan/j]h Ra_qnepu All]n]pqo. ]j` Eha_pekjo ej Kaju]0' 1TLXPJHU ;V[XUHS VM AVSPZPJHS
DJPLUJL 0
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64
Hfknp. Jkj]o0 42360 ZEpdje_ `ereoekjo ]j` lnk`q_pekj ej "nio0' B[HXZLXS_ ;V[XUHS
VM 5JVUVTPJY <6*5+=3;<<w3<680
Hk!. K]nh] ]j` Pneu]jg] P]j`au0 42340 ZM]gejc ql laklha w pda a!a_p kb e`aj/pepu kj lnabanaj_ao ]j` lanbkni]j_a ej ] ik`anjevejc ok_eapu0' GVXSK 2HUR
GVXRPUN AHWLX DLXPLY 84450
Hknjo^u. Cd]nhao0 42340 <LU_H0 H OPYZVX_ YPUJL PUKLWLUKLUJL0 Lkj`kj= I0B0S]qneo0
Iuan. L]godie ]j` Aj]j`e M]je0 42340 ZSn]rahejc Acajpo= Pkhepe_]h Cd]jca ]j`Bqna]q_n]pe_ Sqnjkran ej Ij`e]0' CL\PL] VM 5JVUVTPJY HUK DZHZPYZPJY ll0 3425w34720
Kn]ikj. Ene_ ]j` D]jeah Pkojan0 42380 ZEpdje_ F]rknepeoi ej E`q_]pekj ejKaju]0' B[HXZLXS_ ;V[XUHS VM AVSPZPJHS DJPLUJL 33*3+0
Lu]hh. J]okj0 42320 ZAna Ckapdje_o ikna a!a_pe_a Ckqjpanejoqncajpo@ Ere`aj_abnki pda oa_kj` Cda_daj V]n0' 1TLXPJHU AVSPZPJHS DJPLUJL CL\PL] 326*3+=3w420
Luj_d. G]^neahha0 42330 9 YH_ ZV _V[ 0 LZOUPJ WVSPZPJY HUK ZOL <HSLUQPU PU <LU_H0Cde_]ck. Ihh0 > Lkj`kj= Tjeranoepu kb Cde_]ck Pnaoo0
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SLNHJ_ VM SHZL JVSVUPHSPYT0 Pnej_apkj Tjeranoepu Pnaoo0
M]jjano. Qk^anp A0 3<840 ZSda Nas Sne^]heoi ej Kaju]0' 1MXPJH EVKH_ <*;+=;w360
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B[HXZLXS_ ;V[XUHS VM 5JVUVTPJY 343*5+=9;5w;430
Mecqah. E`s]n` ]j` M]nu K]u Gqcanpu0 42270 ZEpdje_ `eranoepu. ok_e]h o]j_pekjo.]j` lq^he_ ckk`o ej Kaju]0' ;V[XUHS VM A[ISPJ 5JVUVTPJY ;<*3334+=4547w458;0
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DJVYUN 9^UU DJVYUN& #*$'#,$ 5JUJWLNM BJWNU H*2.1&*2/1I
@X]N\3 4UU [NP[N\\RXW\ RWLU^MN RWMR_RM^JU JWM bNJ[ "aNM N!NL]\& JWM LXW][XU OX[ ]QN UNWP]Q XO ]QNbNJ[ RW ]QN "[\] JWM "WJU bNJ[ XO \N[_RLN( 8>9'N]QWRLR]b "aNM N!NL]\ RW]N[JL] ]QN 8>9 _J[RJKUN `R]QJ M^VVb NZ^JU ]X XWN OX[ JUU N]QWRLR]RN\ ]QJ] J[N YJ[] XO =4@F J] \XVN YXRW] #;NVJ& =JVJ]^\J&JWM >^X$( 8]QWRL MR_N[\R]b R\ VNJ\^[NM J\ O[JL]RXWJUR\J]RXW J] ]QN MR_R\RXW UN_NU( 8>9 \]JWMJ[MRcNMJ] R]\ VNJW RW ]QN O^UU \JVYUN( 8\]RVJ]N\ \RPWR"LJW] J] ]QN )(). #)(*)& )()*$ UN_NU J[N VJ[TNM `R]Q%% #%& %%%$( D]JWMJ[M N[[X[\ J[N LU^\]N[NM J] ]QN RWMR_RM^JU UN_NU(
teee
S]^ha A036= Qacekj]h Ckii]j`an M]p_d
+!3<?3
Dpgg Q\hkg` @\g\i^`_ N\i`gX2;69-2;79Z
*2+ *3+ *4+ *5+
I?LS " Njno 72 1/136,,, 1/135,,, 1/138,, 1/137,,*1/119+ *1/119+ *1/122+ *1/122+
P`bdji\g Ajhh\i_`m h\o^c .1/146,, .1/112*1/125+ *1/133+
I?LS " Njno 72 1/142 1/169" P`bdji\g Ajhh\i_`m h\o^c *1/141+ *1/179+
M]n`mq\odjin 5579; 5579; 24377 24377Agpno`mn 7895 7895 2317 2317
Q\hkg` Dpgg Q\hkg` @\g\i^`_ N\i`g X2;69-2;79Z
Ljo`n< ?gg m`bm`nndjin di^gp_` di_dqd_p\g \i_ t`\m "s`_ `!`^on- \i_ ^jiomjg ajm oc`g`iboc ja oc` t`\m di oc` "mno \i_ "i\g t`\m ja n`mqd^`/ &P`bdji\g Ajhh\i_`mK\o^c& dn ji` da oc` di_dqd_p\g nc\m`n oc` `ocid^dot rdoc oc` j$^`m ^jhh\i_dib \kjgd^` m`bdji *oc`m` \m` 9 m`bdjin- \]jq` oc` _dqdndji g`q`g+/ Cnodh\o`n ndbid"^\io \ooc` 1/16 *1/21- 1/12+ g`q`g \m` h\mf`_ rdoc ,, *,- ,,,+/ Qo\i_\m_ `mmjmn \m` ^gpno`m`_\o oc` di_dqd_p\g g`q`g/
S]^ha A037= Gajan]h Ranre_a Tjep
+!3<?3
*2+ *3+ *4+ *5+ *6+ *7+
I?LS " Njno 72 1/138,,, 1/138,,, 1/137,,, 1/138,, 1/139,, 1/13;,,*1/11;+ *1/11;+ *1/11;+ *1/122+ *1/122+ *1/122+
EQS 1/123 1/112 1/116*1/126+ *1/136+ *1/172+
I?LS " EQS " Njno 72 1/141 .1/146*1/14;+ *1/174+
EQS . I?LS Cocid^ C!`^on Lj V`n V`n Lj V`n V`nEQS . V`\m C!`^on Lj V`n V`n Lj V`n V`nM]n`mq\odjin 5255; 5255; 5255; 24167 24167 24167Agpno`mn 7257 7257 7257 22;2 22;2 22;2
Q\hkg` Dpgg Q\hkg`- ^jgphin *2+.*4+ @\g\i^`_ N\i`g X2;69-2;79Z
Ljo`n< ?gg m`bm`nndjin di^gp_` di_dqd_p\g \i_ t`\m "s`_ `!`^on- \i_ ^jiomjg ajm oc` g`iboc jaoc` t`\m di oc` "mno \i_ "i\g t`\m ja n`mqd^`/ EQS " I?LS.`ocid^ `!`^on dio`m\^o oc` EQS_phht rdoc \ _phht `lp\g oj ji` ajm \gg `ocid^dod`n oc\o \m` k\mo ja I?LS \o njh` kjdio*E`h\- I\h\opn\- \i_ Jpj+/ Cnodh\o`n ndbid"^\io \o oc` 1/16 *1/21- 1/12+ g`q`g \m` h\mf`_rdoc ,, *,- ,,,+/ Qo\i_\m_ `mmjmn \m` ^gpno`m`_ \o oc` di_dqd_p\g g`q`g/
ter