CS38010CS38010Professional Issues in Software Professional Issues in Software

EngineeringEngineering

SustainabilitySustainability

Sustainability

What we will cover Various aspects of resource usage in IT What it means to you

Sustainability in this lecture does not include global warming aspects

What is sustainable IT?What is sustainable IT?

Sustainable or 'green' IT is a catch-all term used to describe: Sustainable or 'green' IT is a catch-all term used to describe: the manufacture the manufacture the management and use the management and use the disposal the disposal

of information technology in a way that minimizes damage to of information technology in a way that minimizes damage to the environment.the environment.

As a result, the term has many different meanings, depending As a result, the term has many different meanings, depending on whether you are a manufacturer, manager or user of on whether you are a manufacturer, manager or user of technology. technology.

What is the goal of sustainable IT?What is the goal of sustainable IT?

The goal behind most green initiatives, including The goal behind most green initiatives, including green IT, is to promote environmental sustainability. green IT, is to promote environmental sustainability.

In 1987, the World Commission on Environment and In 1987, the World Commission on Environment and Development defined sustainability as an approach to Development defined sustainability as an approach to economic development that meets the needs of the economic development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. generations to meet their own needs.

What is sustainable IT manufacturing?What is sustainable IT manufacturing?

Sustainable IT manufacturing refers to methods of Sustainable IT manufacturing refers to methods of producing products in a way that does not harm the producing products in a way that does not harm the environmentenvironment

It encompasses:It encompasses: everything from reducing the amount of harmful chemicals everything from reducing the amount of harmful chemicals

used in products (such as lead and mercury) used in products (such as lead and mercury) to making them more energy efficient and packaging them to making them more energy efficient and packaging them

with recycled materials with recycled materials

EQUIPMENT LIFE CYCLE

Materials

Manufacture

Transport

UseDisposal

What is sustainable IT management What is sustainable IT management and use?and use?

Sustainable IT management and use has to do with Sustainable IT management and use has to do with the way a company manages its IT assets.the way a company manages its IT assets.

It includes purchasing energy-efficient desktops, It includes purchasing energy-efficient desktops, notebooks, servers and other IT equipment, as well as notebooks, servers and other IT equipment, as well as managing the power consumption of that equipment. managing the power consumption of that equipment.

It also refers to the environmentally safe disposal of It also refers to the environmentally safe disposal of that equipment, through recycling or donation at the that equipment, through recycling or donation at the end of its lifecycle. end of its lifecycle.

What is sustainable IT disposal?What is sustainable IT disposal?

Sustainable IT disposal refers to the safe disposal of Sustainable IT disposal refers to the safe disposal of IT assets. IT assets.

It ensures that old computer equipment does not end It ensures that old computer equipment does not end up in a landfill, where the toxic substances it contains up in a landfill, where the toxic substances it contains can leach into groundwater, among other problems. can leach into groundwater, among other problems.

Many of the major hardware manufacturers offer Many of the major hardware manufacturers offer take-back programs, so IT departments don't have to take-back programs, so IT departments don't have to take responsibility for disposal. take responsibility for disposal.

WEEE: Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment

The WEEE Directive came into force in January 2007 and aims to both reduce the amount of WEEE being produced and encourage everyone to reuse, recycle and recover it. The Directive also aims to improve the environmental performance of businesses that manufacture, supply, use, recycle and recover electrical and electronic equipment

What does it have to do with me?What does it have to do with me?

No one seriously disputes that global fossil fuel No one seriously disputes that global fossil fuel resources are running outresources are running out Coal & Shale gas still have many decades of reservesCoal & Shale gas still have many decades of reserves

IT is an energy hog. IT is an energy hog. Gartner estimates that power consumption by Gartner estimates that power consumption by

computers accounts for 2 per cent of global carbon computers accounts for 2 per cent of global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions.dioxide (CO2) emissions.

That's roughly equal to the carbon output of the airline That's roughly equal to the carbon output of the airline industry. (Airlines are reducing this with better industry. (Airlines are reducing this with better engines and wings)engines and wings)

Economic ContextEconomic Context

Rising energy costsRising energy costs Increased demandIncreased demand Tipping point in supplyTipping point in supply Environmental policy to allow energy cost to riseEnvironmental policy to allow energy cost to rise Data Centres represent an increasing proportion of Data Centres represent an increasing proportion of

overall business costoverall business cost

It’s going to hurt!It’s going to hurt!

Social ContextSocial Context

Energy used by IT – comparisons to AviationEnergy used by IT – comparisons to Aviation Rising public awarenessRising public awareness Impacts of energy use – climate change (maybe)Impacts of energy use – climate change (maybe) Data Centres represent an easy target for protestData Centres represent an easy target for protest Demonstrate that the industry is not profligate with Demonstrate that the industry is not profligate with

energyenergy

Some Education FiguresSome Education FiguresUniversity of University of

SheffieldSheffieldLowestoft Lowestoft

CollegeCollegeCity College City College

NorwichNorwich

Total Electricity Total Electricity

(kWh)(kWh)8,680,806 (100%)8,680,806 (100%) 453,714 (100%)453,714 (100%) 1,241,700 1,241,700

(100%)(100%)

PCs and PCs and

monitorsmonitors4,164,477 (48%)4,164,477 (48%) 197,402 (44%)197,402 (44%) 510,896 (41%)510,896 (41%)

Servers Servers 1,520,736 (18%)1,520,736 (18%) 135,999 (30%)135,999 (30%) 226,665 (18%)226,665 (18%)

HPCHPC

Hi Performance ComputingHi Performance Computing

1,208,617 (14%)1,208,617 (14%) 00 00

ImagingImaging 835,659 (10%)835,659 (10%) 42,171 (9%)42,171 (9%) 236,901 (19%)236,901 (19%)

NetworksNetworks 687,362 (8%)687,362 (8%) 68,538 (15%)68,538 (15%) 156,629 (13%)156,629 (13%)

AVAV 61,598 (1%)61,598 (1%) 7,482 (2%)7,482 (2%) 89,936 (7%)89,936 (7%)

TelephonyTelephony 202,356 (2%)202,356 (2%) 2,122 (<1%)2,122 (<1%) 12,790 (1%)12,790 (1%)

IT In HEIT In HE

ICT in UK HEICT in UK HE-- 760,000 PCs 760,000 PCs- 215,000 servers- 215,000 servers- 147,000 networked printers- 147,000 networked printers- 512,000 Mwh of electricity- 512,000 Mwh of electricity- 275,000 tonnes of - 275,000 tonnes of CO2 CO2 - over £60 million in 2009- over £60 million in 2009

(Estimate 2009-2010)(Estimate 2009-2010)

POTENTIAL MEASURES BY IT?POTENTIAL MEASURES BY IT?

Specifying lower Specifying lower power equipmentpower equipment

Automatic powerdown Automatic powerdown of networked devicesof networked devices

Extending longevityExtending longevity Modifying data centre Modifying data centre

layoutlayout

Increasing computer Increasing computer CPU utilisationCPU utilisation

Minimising storageMinimising storage Thin client in Thin client in

specialised specialised applicationsapplications

Short Term Medium Term

Awareness campaignsAwareness campaigns Upgrading data centre Upgrading data centre

power supply power supply arrangementsarrangements

Increasing use of Increasing use of videoconferencingvideoconferencing

Free cooling of data Free cooling of data centrescentres

Effective document Effective document and print management and print management

Short Term Medium Term

CARDIFF CARDIFF UNIVERSITYUNIVERSITY

Low power serversLow power servers Chilled water Chilled water

coolingcooling Efficient layoutEfficient layout Efficient UPSEfficient UPS

QUEEN QUEEN MARGARET MARGARET UNIVERSITYUNIVERSITY

EdinburghEdinburgh

Wanted greenest Wanted greenest building in UKbuilding in UK

PCs main barrierPCs main barrier 98% thin client98% thin client 25-30% space 25-30% space

savingssavings

19

AVE MARIA UNIVERSITYAVE MARIA UNIVERSITYFloridaFlorida

IntrusionDetection

Fire AlarmSystemPower System

ElevatorMgmt.

LightingControls

HVACControl

EvacuationManagement

SecurityUsers

BuildingMaintenance Users

Access Control(security system)

CampusSecurity

Some thoughts

Electronic communication is better for sustainability?

Do desk top printers pose a threat to the environment?

What is the largest social network doing about it?

As outlined in Greenpeace’s Make IT Green report (March 2010):

The amount of electricity produced and consumed to power the Internet, not including the devices used to access it

Estimated to exceed 622 billion kilowatt hours in 2007. This would place it 5th if ranked among countries by annual electricity consumption

Facebook Servers

June 2010 the company was running at least 60,000 servers in its data centres

up from 30,000 in 2009 10,000 back in April 2008

Predominately coal but new hydro system in Sweden

Facebook Power

Estimates vary Some mix up internet with Facebook figures Most “sensible” estimates put Facebook

energy consumption more than 50% New York City and rising - exponentially in the next few years

Facebook

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lk3yBpV8Pac&feature=player_embedded

Greenpeace movie View, listen and read articles for further

information

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lk3yBpV8Pac&feature=player_embedded

Greenpeace movie View, listen and read articles for further

information

FinallyFinally

Sustainability is important for you now and the Sustainability is important for you now and the future.future.

Don’t be sucked in by so called “experts”.Don’t be sucked in by so called “experts”. Look at total energy and footprint costs.Look at total energy and footprint costs. Look at other solutionsLook at other solutions

Free coolingFree cooling Use heat in winterUse heat in winter Recycling, insulation, use of heat and more.....Recycling, insulation, use of heat and more.....