cruise control: cruise ships influencing the city of venice
DESCRIPTION
B10 Ships Final IQP PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Cruise Control
Shane
BellinghamCortney
Davis
Chris
O’BrienErin
Saari
The Impacts of cruise ships on the city of Venice.
85 Ships 119 Ships
1.7 million Passengers
5 million Passengers
Ships vs. Passengers Europe
2000
2009
• Ships increased 40%
• Passengers increased 194%
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Total increase
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
Cruise Ship Growth in Venice
Passengers CallsYear
% I
nc
rea
se
200 m
Pilot Boards
Tugboats
Vibrations
Hydrodynamics
Air Quality
Captain takes control
Mooring men
Top 15 EU Ports Passenger Visits
870,000 passengers
2008 Directorate-General for Maritime Affairs and Fisheries
30-J
an8-
Feb
17-F
eb
26-F
eb7-
Mar
16-M
ar
25-M
ar
3-Apr
12-A
pr
21-A
pr
30-A
pr
9-M
ay
18-M
ay
27-M
ay5-
Jun
14-J
un
23-J
un2-
Jul
11-J
ul
20-J
ul
29-J
ul
7-Aug
16-A
ug
25-A
ug
3-Sep
12-S
ep
21-S
ep
30-S
ep9-
Oct
18-O
ct
27-O
ct
5-Nov
14-N
ov
23-N
ov
2-Dec
11-D
ec
20-D
ec
29-D
ec0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
45,000
50,000
Passengers Disembarking (2010)
Date
Pas
sen
ger
s
October 30th-December 8th
OurProject
30-O
ct
1-Nov
3-Nov
5-Nov
7-Nov
9-Nov
11-N
ov
13-N
ov
15-N
ov
17-N
ov
19-N
ov
21-N
ov
23-N
ov
25-N
ov
27-N
ov
29-N
ov
1-Dec
3-Dec
5-Dec
7-Dec
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
Passengers Disembarking
Date
Pas
sen
ger
s
Impact of Cruise Ships
Economy
Vibrations
Hydrodynamics
Mobility
Air Quality
Top 15 Europe Ports Expenditures
95 Million
Impact:VibrationsHydrodynamicsMobilityAir Quality
Impact:
VibrationsHydrodynamicsMobilityAir Quality
Vibrational Effects
Structural Damage Liquefaction
Reasons for Interest:
Cell Phone Accelerometer
Accelerometer in an Android phone
Sensor Insider Pro
Measures Orientation and
Acceleration
Measurement Units
http://www.shadowspawn.net/beta/quake3_mapping_yaw_pitch_roll_tut.htm
Acceleration:• m/s^2
http://www.elec-intro.com/acceleration
Orientation:• Yaw, Pitch and Roll
Phone Orientation
Vibrations from Queen Victoria
Ship shuts off engine Ship approaches dock Planks being placed down Passengers disembarking
Vibrations from Queen Victoria
Vibrations from MSC Magnifica
Vibration Observations
• Vibrations present
• Phone not sensitive enough to detect
Impact:Vibrations
HydrodynamicsMobilityAir Quality
Hydrodynamic Impact
Reasons for Interest:
• Alterations to natural flow
• Damage to canal walls
• Boat traffic
Water Accelerates Around the Hull
Stagnant Maximum
Determining Factors
• Size and Geometry
• Vessel Speed
• Distance from Shore / Canal
• Tidal Conditions (Level and Phase)
Cruise Ship Passing Shallow Canal
ISMAR (1993)
ISMAR Velocity and Height ResultsIl Rio di Santa Eufemia
VELOCITY:
HEIGHT:
“Database Navi, Gennaio 2004”
ISMAR (1993)
Water Level in Canal
Recorded Water Level – MSC Magnifica
Velocity Increase
Velocity Decrease
VPC and ISMAR Comparison
* Compressed for Consistent Time Frame
Hydrodynamic Conclusions
• ISMAR’s measurements are accurate
• Current Increased ~ 57%
• Most potential damage when:• High speed• Closer to canal• Low tide• Larger ships
Impact:VibrationsHydrodynamics
MobilityAir Quality
Transportation Choices
Reasons for interest:
• Increase in cruise ships• Increase in passengers
• Effectiveness of transportation choices
Total 15,438
Total 15,438
39%6%
9%
10%
6%
39%
Total 15,438
21%
Total 15,438
Total 15,438
6%
9%
Total 15,438
25%
9%
10%
6%
Total 15,438
9%6%
15%21% 39%
25%
9%
10%
6%
Total 15,438
6%
9%
21%
25%
39%
6%
9%39%
25%
21%
9%
6%
39%
25%
21%
9%
6%
39%
25%
21%
9%
6%
39%
25%
21%
9%
6%
39%
25%
21%
9%
6%
39%
25%
21%
Mobility Conclusions• Buses- 6059 passengers (39%) 3 signs
• Boats- 3866 passengers (25%) 8 signs
• Taxis- 3209 passengers (21%) 4 signs
• People Mover-1386 passengers (9%) 3 signs
• Walking- 918 passengers (6%) 1 sign
Impact :VibrationsHydrodynamicsMobility
Air Quality
Aerosol Black Carbon
Reasons for interest:• Direct and indirect effects
• Physiological• Physical• Chemical
• Tracer to indicate movement of meteorological air masses
• Second leading cause of Global Warming
Aerosol Black Carbon
• PM2.5 aerodynamic size range (i.e. less than 2.5 μm).
• U.S. Regulations • OSHA (PEL): < 3,500,000 ng/m3
• NIOSH (IDLH): < 1,750,000,000 ng/m3
Using the Aethalometer
Using the Aethalometer
Using the Aethalometer
Using the Aethalometer
BC in Venice
BC in Venice
BC in Venice
BC in Venice
Harbor Location
Harbor Location
Harbor Location
Harbor Location
Contributing Factors
• # of ships present• Efficiency of engines
• Fuel quality
• Appliances near instrument• Wind• People smoking• Land vehicles
Harbor Data
16:0
018
:00
20:0
022
:00
0:00
2:00
4:00
6:00
8:00
10:0
012
:00
14:0
00
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
Hourly Black Carbon Levels
17-Nov16-Nov15-Nov13-Nov12-Nov11-Nov
BC
Lev
el (
ng
*m^
-3)
*Note*2 Cruise Ships and 1 Ferry on 10-Nov 1 Cruise Ship and 1 Ferry on 14-Nov
= Cruise Ship
= Ferry
ArrivalDeparture
Atmosphere Settling
Wind from Marghera
62.5° @ 1.41m/s
Arriving Ferries
Departing Ferry
Air Quality Conclusions
• BC >> @ night and morning
• BC levels directly correlate with the presence of cruise ships and ferries• Levels are significantly higher but would not
violate OSHA regulations
Impact:VibrationsHydrodynamicsMobilityAir Quality
Phone not sensitive enough
Vibrations present
4.5 times increase
in BC level
Confirmed ISMAR
Levels would not violate
US regulations
Buses most popular 39%Boats most advertized
• https://sites.google.com/site/ve10ships/
• Email: [email protected]
• Venice Project Center• Address: San Polo 1932/A Fondamenta de le
Tette Venice, 30125 ITALY• Telephone: (+39) 041 523-3209 • Fax: (+39) 041 241-9344
For More Information
Special Thanks!
• Jeff Blair• Magee Scientific
• Antonio Campagnol• Capitaneria di Porto
• Marco Nogara• Captain for Disney Cruise Lines
• Luca Zaggia• Istituto di Scienze Marine
• Marco Zanforlin• Venezia Terminal Passiggeri
We look forward to future collaboration!
The Team
Cortney Davis
Biology
Chris O’Brien
Mechanical
Engineering
Shane
Bellingham
Mechanical
Engineering
Erin Saari
Chemical
Engineering
Questions?