crowdsourced bathymetry at noaa -...
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Crowdsourced Bathymetry at NOAA
John Cartwright, NOAA
Jesse Varner, CIRES/University of Colorado
Why?
Global bathymetry is a prerequisite for understanding how the global earth systems interact.
• influence the flow of sea water carrying heat, salt, nutrients, and pollutants
• influence the propagation of energy from undersea seismic events
• Impact navigation and commerce
We know more about the topography of Mars and our Moon than we do about the topography of our own ocean floor.
100m pixel resolution
HIRISE Imagery NASA/JPL/UAriz/USGShttp://www.uahirise.org/dtm
1 m DTMs
Known multibeam bathymetry available via IHO DCDB
< 11% of global ocean is covered with MBES data
Known single-beam bathymetry available via IHO DCDB
Survey and Charting Status 2015
Unsurveyed or Inadequatedata (0-200m)
SW Pacific >95%
Polar regions > 95%
W. Africa >80%
Caribbean >80%
Australia ~ 65%
Greece ~ 65%
USA ~ 40%
UK 30%
France 19%(Source: IHO C-55)
Imagine if…
(Source: IHO C-55)
Imagine if…
(Source: IHO C-55)need for comprehensive bathymetric coverage will not be met by government and hydrographic office efforts alone.
Goal:Empower mariners to fill the gaps
Pilot Project: IHO
Equip super yachts with data logger (GPS and echo sounder)
Data Ingest
Collection Model: Trusted Node
Trusted Node
Trusted Node
Trusted Node
IHO DCDB
Collection Model: Individual Contributors
IHO DCDB
Submission Format: GeoJSON{ "type": "FeatureCollection","crs": { "type": "name", "properties": { "name": "EPSG:4326" }
}, "properties": { "platform": {
"IDType": "None", "length": 0, "lengthUnitOfMeasure": "meters","name": "Anonymous", "type": "Ship", "uniqueID": "ROSEP-1d034f00-89ec-4bef-bc34-fb20c578c0ef"
} }, "features": [{ "type":"Feature","geometry":{
"type":"Point", "coordinates": [ -122.2765,47.645467 ] },"properties":{ "depth":12.13,"time":"2005-01-15T20:24:22.000Z” }
}]}
Submission Format: XYZT
lat, lon, depth, time
47.644750, -122.277267, 8.54, 20050115T202246Z
47.644750, -122.277267, 8.72, 20050115T202247Z
47.644750, -122.277250, 8.72, 20050115T202247Z
47.644750, -122.277250, 8.81, 20050115T202249Z
Data Flow
Generate lines from points
• Contributed points become vertices in line string• Assume coordinates listed in temporal order in file• Eliminate duplicate points• Generalize lines• Break lines at temporal gaps
Impractical to display all collected points on map
Data Quality Issues
• Swapped longitude/latitude values• Temporal sequencing• Duplicate points• Noise – points landing on “Null Island”
Data are expected to have both stochastic and deterministic errors Effects mitigated by increased numbers of observations
Discovery
• Find where data have been contributed• Find by platform name• Find by date• Order individual files
Map Viewer
Map Viewer
Map Viewer
Map Viewer
Future Work
• Generate grids – use spatiotemporal datastore• Scale up number of providers• Reporting on contributions• Potential integration with traditional surveys
Resources
• IHO Crowd-sourced bathymetry Working Group• IHO Data Centre for Digital Bathymetry (DCDB)• Draft IHO CSB Policy/Standards• Crowdsourced Bathymetry GeoJSON format
Questions?John Cartwright ([email protected])
Thanks again to our partners:International Hydrographic OrganizationNOAA National Centers for Environmental InformationNOAA Office of Coast SurveyNational Geospatial Intelligence AgencyRose Point Navigation SystemsSea IDProfessional Yachting AssociationGeneral Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans (GEBCO)
