crossref: improving scholarly communications
DESCRIPTION
A presentation to the First Congress of the Asia Pacific Association of Medical Editors, Seoul, 28th August 2011.TRANSCRIPT
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Improving Scholarly Communication
Kirsty Meddings, [email protected]
The First Congress of Asia Paci!c Association of Medical Journal Editors28th August 2011
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Photo: `R4cH3L on Flickr
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Diomidis Spinellis. 2003. The decay and failures of web references. Commun. ACM 46, 1 (January 2003), 71-77. DOI=10.1145/602421.602422 http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/602421.602422
Computer scientist Diomidis Spinellis “examined 4,224 URLs in 2,471 computer science articles… and discovered that nearly half of the references could not be accessed within
four years of the publication date. Links become inaccessible as time passes…”
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Established 1999
AAAS • Academic Press • American Institute of Physics • Association of Computing Machinery • Blackwell • Elsevier
• IEEE • Kluwer Academic • Nature Publishing Group • Oxford University Press • Springer • Wiley
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Easy, reliable navigation to scholarly content using DOIs
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What is a DOI?
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Digital
What is a DOI?
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DigitalObject
What is a DOI?
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DigitalObject Identi!er
What is a DOI?
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9
A DOI is alphanumeric
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10
A DOI uniquely identifies content
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A DOI provides a persistent and stable link to content
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Assig
ned
TO
mem
ber
Assigned BY
mem
ber
DOI Components
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10.1098/rstl.1665.0001http://rstl.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/1/1-22/rstl.1665.0001
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstl.1665.0001
DOI Directory Pre!x Suffix
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstl.1665.0001
DOI Directory Pre!x Suffix
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstl.1665.0001
DOI Directory Pre!x Suffix
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstl.1665.0001
DOI Directory Pre!x Suffix
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User clicks on CrossRef DOI
reference link in Journal A
Tani, N., N. Tomaru, M. Araki, AND K. Ohba. 1996. Genetic diversity and differentiation in populations of Japanese stone pine (Pinus pumila) in Japan. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 26: 1454–1462.[CrossRef]
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x26-162
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User clicks on CrossRef DOI
reference link in Journal A
Tani, N., N. Tomaru, M. Araki, AND K. Ohba. 1996. Genetic diversity and differentiation in populations of Japanese stone pine (Pinus pumila) in Japan. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 26: 1454–1462.[CrossRef]
DOI directory returns
URL
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x26-162
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User clicks on CrossRef DOI
reference link in Journal A
Tani, N., N. Tomaru, M. Araki, AND K. Ohba. 1996. Genetic diversity and differentiation in populations of Japanese stone pine (Pinus pumila) in Japan. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 26: 1454–1462.[CrossRef]
DOI directory returns
URL
User accesses cited article in
Journal B
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x26-162
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Blog Posts
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Books
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Enables persistent linking by assigning DOI pre!xes to its members maintaining a database of DOIs, associated
metadata and URLs
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DOI = NISO Standard
CrossRef = DOI Registration Agency
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DOI = NISO Standard
CrossRef = DOI Registration Agency
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DOI = NISO Standard
CrossRef = DOI Registration Agency
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provides an organizational foundation for widespread linking
Membership association for cooperative development of a digital linking infrastructure
Business model neutral
Commercial, societies, non-pro!ts, university presses, OA publishers. 66% non-pro!t
One agreement with CrossRef is a linking agreement with all other CrossRef participants
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Oxford, UK5 StaffBoston, USA
14 Staff
-16 person international Board of Directors-Working Groups & Committees
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"CrossRef's goal is to be a trusted collaborative organization with broad
community connections; authoritative and innovative in support of a persistent,
sustainable infrastructure for scholarly communication."
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Why do publishers join?
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Why do publishers join?
To get persistent IDs and links for their content
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Why do publishers join?
To get persistent IDs and links for their content
To drive more traffic to their content
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Why do publishers join?
To get persistent IDs and links for their content
To drive more traffic to their content
To turn their references into hyperlinks
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Why do publishers join?
To get persistent IDs and links for their content
To drive more traffic to their content
To turn their references into hyperlinks
To add Cited-by links (what cites this article?)
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Why do publishers join?
To get persistent IDs and links for their content
To drive more traffic to their content
To turn their references into hyperlinks
To add Cited-by links (what cites this article?)
To participate in new collaborative services
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3,542 publishers and societies
48,200,000 content items with DOIs
24,870 journals
166,000 books
21,200 conference proceedings
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0
9,400,000
18,800,000
28,200,000
37,600,000
47,000,000
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 20102011
Content Growth
Total CrossRef DOIs
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Linking 5 centuries of content
Century # of DOIs deposited
17th 1,686
18th 4,200
19th 651,584
20th 20,804,031
21st 13,914,241
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Linking 5 centuries of content
Century # of DOIs deposited
17th 1,686
18th 4,200
19th 651,584
20th 20,804,031
21st 13,914,241
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45 - 55,000,000
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CrossRef Member Obligations1.Deposit all current journal articles
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CrossRef Member Obligations1.Deposit all current journal articles
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CrossRef Member Obligations1.Deposit all current journal articles
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CrossRef Member Obligations2. Update metadata and especially URLs
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CrossRef Member Obligations3. Implement outbound reference linking
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CrossRef Member Obligations4. Do not publicize CrossRef DOIs until links are live
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CrossRef Member Obligations4. Resolve DOI con#icts
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CrossRef Member Obligations6. Make plans for long term archiving
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• Technical: two data centers, backups, disaster recovery plan
• IP and trademarks: ownership of IP of system software and a strong brand
• Sustainable org: good governance, sound business model (surpluses) and Cash Reserve Fund
How to ensure long-term persistence?
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Creating DOIs for content
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Creating DOIs for content
DOI suffixes should be:
Short
Easily documented
Readily implemented
Opaque/Dumb
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Creating DOIs for content
DOI suffixes should be:
Short
Easily documented
Readily implemented
Opaque/Dumb
10.1002/(SICI)1097-0290(19980420)58:2/33.0.CO;2-N
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Creating DOIs for content
DOI suffixes should be:
Short
Easily documented
Readily implemented
Opaque/Dumb
10.1002/smj.376
10.1002/(SICI)1097-0290(19980420)58:2/33.0.CO;2-N
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New DOI display GuidelinesAnnounced 2nd August 2011
doi:10.5555/12345678
http://dx.doi.org10.5555/12345678
change
to
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Bene"ts
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Content Negotiation for DOIs
All CrossRef Metadata available in machine-readable format
In accordance with linked data principles
No change for people following DOI links
Machines following DOI links can ask to receive XML metadata instead of the HTML page
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Fees: Annual Membership
Annual Publishing Revenue Annual Fee
< $1 million $275
$1 million-$5 million $550
$5 million-$10 million $1,650
$10 million-$25 million $3,900
$25 million-$50 million $8,300
$50 million-$100 million $14,000
$100 million-$200 million $22,000
$200 million-$500 million $33,000
>$500 million $50,000
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One-Time Deposit Fees
Deposit Type Per-DOI Fee
Current records (2008-2010) $1.00
Book chapters and reference entries ≤ 250 per title $0.25
Book chapters and reference entries > 250 per title $0.15
Backfiles $0.15
Components, data records $.06
Journal Titles free
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What is CrossRef Cited-by Linking?
A way to answer the question:“Who’s Citing You?”
• An optional reference linking service of CrossRef
• Additional navigation for your publication web site
• Demonstration to your readers the relevance of your content
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Cited-by Rules
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Cited-by Rules• Participation is optional
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Cited-by Rules• Participation is optional
• Members must deposit references from their current material in order to retrieve Cited-by links.
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Cited-by Rules• Participation is optional
• Members must deposit references from their current material in order to retrieve Cited-by links.
• Members (or Affiliates acting on their behalf ) can retrieve Cited-by links to display in Members’ primary content.
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Cited-by Rules• Participation is optional
• Members must deposit references from their current material in order to retrieve Cited-by links.
• Members (or Affiliates acting on their behalf ) can retrieve Cited-by links to display in Members’ primary content.
• Cited-by Linking is not available for secondary publishers.
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• 225 publishers participating
• 8.7 million articles with references deposited
• 138 million Cited-by links
• 17.4 million articles with at least one Cited-by link
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Services
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Services
•Cross-publisher reference linking
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Services
•Cross-publisher reference linking
•Cross-publisher cited-by linking
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Services
•Cross-publisher reference linking
•Cross-publisher cited-by linking
•Cross-publisher plagiarism screening
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Services
•Cross-publisher reference linking
•Cross-publisher cited-by linking
•Cross-publisher plagiarism screening
•Cross-publisher content validation
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Cross-Publisher Plagiarism Screening
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243 publishers
29.9 million content items indexed
57,000 titles
20,000+ manuscripts checked each month
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Documents Checked
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
Aug-10
Sep-10
Oct-10
Nov-10
Dec-10
Jan-11
Feb-11
Mar-11
Apr-11
May-11
Jun-11
Jul-11
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Industry Problems
• The scholarly pre-publication process is largely invisible
• The common belief that the publisher’s job is done on publication of the “!nal” version
• A proliferation of versions of content online that are not stewarded
• Readers don’t know which copy to “trust”
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erratumcorrigendum
updatesenhancements
withdrawalsretractions
new editionsFriday, 2 September 2011
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What is CrossMark?
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A logo that identi!es a publisher-maintained copy of a piece of content
What is CrossMark?
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A logo that identi!es a publisher-maintained copy of a piece of content
Clicking the logo tells you
What is CrossMark?
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A logo that identi!es a publisher-maintained copy of a piece of content
Clicking the logo tells you
Whether there have been any updates
What is CrossMark?
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A logo that identi!es a publisher-maintained copy of a piece of content
Clicking the logo tells you
Whether there have been any updates
If this copy is being maintained by the publisher
What is CrossMark?
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A logo that identi!es a publisher-maintained copy of a piece of content
Clicking the logo tells you
Whether there have been any updates
If this copy is being maintained by the publisher
Where the publisher-maintained version is
What is CrossMark?
Friday, 2 September 2011
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A logo that identi!es a publisher-maintained copy of a piece of content
Clicking the logo tells you
Whether there have been any updates
If this copy is being maintained by the publisher
Where the publisher-maintained version is
Other important publication record information
What is CrossMark?
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What kind of Publication Record information could be available?
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What kind of Publication Record information could be available?
Funding disclosures
Con#ict of interest statements
Publication history (submission, revision and accepted dates)
Location of data deposits or registries
Peer review process used
CrossCheck plagiarism screening
License types
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www.crossref.org/crossmark
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Conclusions
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Conclusions
• CrossRef provides infrastructure to enable publishers to enhance their content and services
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Conclusions
• CrossRef provides infrastructure to enable publishers to enhance their content and services
• CrossRef services drive traffic to publishers content
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Conclusions
• CrossRef provides infrastructure to enable publishers to enhance their content and services
• CrossRef services drive traffic to publishers content
• CrossRef services enable publishers to highlight the value they add to content
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Final Thought
• No publisher is an island - collaboration and connection are the keys
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