crop
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TRANSCRIPT
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CROPS
PRESENTED BY UTKARSH VERMA
IX C 38
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RABI ZAID
KHARIF
MAJOR CROPING SEASONS
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Cereals Pulses Oil seeds Beverages
MAJOR CROPS
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CEREALS
WHEAT
MAIZE
RICE BARLEY
MILLET
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WHEAT Second most important cereal crop in India
Wheat : Rabi crop
Favorable Conditions : cool growing season, bright sunshine at the time of ripening, 50-75 cm annual rainfall
Main food crop (in India) : in north-western part
Mainly grown (in India) : The Ganga – Satluj plain, black soil region of Deccan, Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh and
parts of Madhya Pradesh.
Scientific Name :Triticum
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MAIZE Used as food and fodder
Maize : Kharif Crop
In some states it is also grown in Rabi season like in Bihar
Favorable Conditions : temperature between 21 degree – 27 degree Celsius, grows well in old alluvial soil
Mainly grown in (India) : Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Andhra Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh
Scientific Name : Zea Mays
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RICE Staple food in India
India:2nd largest producer of rice in the world
Rice : Kharif crop
Favorable conditions : High temperature( above 25 degree Celsius) , high humidity ,(annual rainfall- above 100 cm).
Mainly grown in : eastern UP, Bihar, West Bengal etc.
Scientific name of Asian rice- Oryza Sativa
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MILLETSRAGI•Rich in iron, roughage, calcium and other micro nutrients•Favorable Conditions : Crop of dry regions, grows well on red, black, sandy, loamy and shallow black soils•Mainly grown in (India) : Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand etc.
JOWAR•Third most food crop with respect to area and production• Favorable Conditions : Rain-fed crop, mainly grown in moist areas•Mainly Grown in : Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh
BAJRA•Favorable Conditions : grows well on sandy soils and shallow black soils•Mainly grown in : Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Gujarat and Haryana
Scientific Name of common Millet : Panicum Miliaceum
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BARLEY4th largest grain crop after wheat, rice and corn
Grown as a summer crop in temperate areas and winter crop in tropical areas
Germination time : 1-3 days
Favorable Conditions : likes to grow under cool conditions
Scientific Name of Two-rowed Barley : Hordeum Distichon
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PULSES
Pea Pigeon Pea Lentil Soyabean Black Gram
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PEA Life cycle : 1 year
Grown as a cool seasonal vegetable crop
Favorable Conditions : Temperature between 13-18 degree Celsius, grows well in cooler high altitude tropical areas and on slightly acidic drained soil
Mainly grown in : Europe
Diseases [Fungal] : Alternaria alternata
Scientific Name : Pisum Sativum
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PIGEON PEA Essential food in west Africa and Nigeria
Important source of protein in India
Widely cultivated in all tropical and semi tropical regions
Favorable Conditions : drought resistant, annual rainfall less than 650mm
Mainly grown in India : 82% (of total pigeon pea grown in the world)
Scientific Name : Cajanus Cajan
Pathogens : Phytophthora Cajani
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LENTIL Widely cultivated in temperate regions
Known for their high protein content and
good vegetable source of iron
Used as fodder
Mainly grown in : Canada, India, Nepal, United States
Scientific Name : Lens culinaries
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SOYABEAN An oil seed also (contain 19% oil)
Source of protein for animal feeds
Favorable Conditions : mainly grown in hot
summers, optimum growth in moist alluvial soil
and mean temperature 20-30 degree Celsius
Mainly Grown in : United States, Brazil, Argentina,
China and India
Scientific Name : Glycine Max
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BLACK GRAM Mainly used to make dal
Originated in India
Mainly grown in India
Very nutritious and is recommended for diabetics
Used in traditional Indian medicine
Scientific Name : Vigna Mungo
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OIL SEEDS
MUSTARD
COCONUT
SUNFLOWER
SOYABEAN
OLIVE
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MUSTARD Rich in oil (46%-48%) and protein (43.6%)
Mature mustard plants grow in shrubs
Take 3-10 days to germinate
Favorable Conditions : grows well in temperate regions, cold atmosphere and moist soil
Mainly grown in : Canada (90%), Hungary, Great Britain, India, Pakistan etc.
Scientific Name of black mustard : Brassica Nigra
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COCONUT Scientific Name : Cocos Nucifera
Favorable Conditions : Coconut palm thrives on sandy soil, prefer areas with abundant sunlight, regular rainfall (150-250 cm annually), low humidity, temperature (regularly above 25 degree Celsius)
Mainly grown in : Philippines, Indonesia, India, Brazil, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Mexico, Vietnam, Papua New Guinea, Malaysia, Tanzania
In India : Kerela, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Goa, Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal, Orissa, Pondicherry, Lakshadweep, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Maharashtra
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SUNFLOWER Sunflower Oil is used for cooking, carrier oil and to produce margarine and biodiesel
Its stem bends towards the sun.
Favorable Conditions : need full sun, fertile, moist and well drained soil with heavy mulch
Scientific Name : Helianthus annuus
Mainly grown in : Europe, Canada, Russia, India, South Africa, Eastern Australia
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OLIVE Olive tree is an evergreen tree
It is drought, disease and fire resistant
Olive leaves are used as medicinal teas
Favorable Conditions : Coastal climate conditions, light soil, clay soil if well drained, hot weather
Mainly grown in : Spain, Italy, Greece, Turkey, Syria, Tunisia, Egypt
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