crop rotations for prevention of phytophthora capsici infection in solanaceous and cucurbit crops...
TRANSCRIPT
Crop Rotations for Prevention of Phytophthora capsici Infection in Solanaceous and Cucurbit Crops
Presentation Created by,
Michelle InfanteAgricultural Agent
Rutgers Cooperative Extension
of Gloucester County
1200 North Delsea Drive
Clayton, NJ 08312
609-863-0110
Crop Rotation: Planting different type crops in succession in the same field.
• Rotating crops helps to:
– utilize nutrients in the soil
– control disease organisms
– control weed species
– control nematode populations
– control insect populations
Solanceous CropsFamily: Solanaceae
– Susceptible to Phytophthora capsici• Tomato• Pepper• Eggplant• Tobacco
Michelle Infante, Agricultural Agent
Rutgers Cooperative Extension of Gloucester County
Cucurbit CropsFamily: Cucurbitaceae
• Susceptible to Phytophthora capsici– Squash– Cucumbers– Pumpkins– Melons
Grower Reasons for Lack of Using Crop Rotations
• Limited Land Resources
• Farm Specializes in a Few Crops
• Limited Markets for Alternative Crops
• Unfamiliarity with Plant Families and
Disease Susceptibility
Crop Rotation Plan to reduce Phytophthora capsici
• Plant non-susceptible crops for 3-5 years
• Plant winter cover crops to increase soil organic matter
• Plant summer cover crops rather than leaving field fallow
Plant Families Not Susceptible to Phytophthora capsici
Family: Fabaceae (Leguminosae)• “The Bean and Pea Family”
• Beans• Peas• Clovers• Vetches
Plant Families Not Susceptible to Phytophthora capsici
Family: Brassicaceae (Cruciferae)
• “The Cole Crops”• Greens: Collards, Kale, Mustards• Cauliflower • Turnip• Broccoli• Cabbage• Radish
Plant Families Not Susceptible to Phytophthora capsici
Family:Apiaceae (Umbelliferae)
• Carrots• Celery• Florence Fennel• Parsley• Cilantro• Parsnip
Plant Families Not Susceptible to Phytophthora capsici
Family: Alliaceae (Amaryllidaceae)
• Onions• Garlic• Leeks• Shallots• Scallions• Chives
Plant Families Not Susceptible to Phytophthora capsici
Family: Asteraceae (Compositae)
• Lettuces• Dandelion• Jerusalem Artichoke• Endive/Escarole• Globe Artichoke
Plant Families Not Susceptible to Phytophthora capsici
Family: Chenopodiaceae
• Spinach• Swiss Chard• Beets
Plant Families Not Susceptible to Phytophthora capsici
Family: Poaceae (Gramineae)
• FOR HARVEST OR GREEN MANURE• “The Cereals”
– Rye– Wheat– Corn– Sudangrass– Sorghum
Other Plants Not Susceptible to Phytophthora capsici
Medicinal Herbs
• Purple Cone Flower• St. John’s Wort• Chamomile• Yarrow• Golden Seal
Other Plants Not Susceptible to Phytophthora capsici
Culinary Herbs
• Basil• Oregano• Mint• Thyme• Sage
Additional Tools to Control Phytophthora capsici
• FIELD WATER MANAGEMENT
– Irrigation
– Raised Beds
– Field Water Flow
– Swails at Field Ends
– Cultivate to the Swail
Additional Tools to Control Phytophthora capsici
• CHEMICAL CONTROLS - FUNGICIDES
– Soil fumigation
– Soil Applied Fungicides
– Foliar Applied Fungicides
Additional Tools to Control Phytophthora capsici
• PRACTICE GOOD SANITATION– Clean Equipment
– Work Contaminated Field Last– Do Not Work Contaminated Areas
– Remove Infected Plants
Additional Tools to Control Phytophthora capsici
• ENHANCE SOIL HEALTH– Increase Organic Matter
• green manure
• off-farm supplements
– Stay Off Wet Fields– Break up hard pans
– Eliminate fumigation if possible
Summary: Controlling Phytophthora capsici
• Use proper crop rotations
• Practice good water management
• Utilize fungicides correctly
• Practice good sanitation
• Enhance Soil Health
CONCLUSIONS• Crop rotation can help to control
Phytophthora capsici
• Rotations must be used with other tools to be successful
• Know susceptible and non-susceptible crops to plan rotations
• Rotating crops will show more benefits than just controlling Phytophthora capsici
Michelle Infante, Agricultural Agent
Rutgers Cooperative Extension of Gloucester County