proceedings crop congress proceedings.pdf · 4 2008-2009 corn silage hybrid x seeding rate studies...

PROCEEDINGS:

February 13, 2013

http://www.cornell.edu/president/statements/2009/20090125-fy2009-budget.cfm

Dr. Bill Cox, Cornell University (http :/ / c ss.ca ls.c ornell.edu/ people/ fac ulty.c fm?netId=wjc 3),

will p resent information about new c orn hybrids, inc lud ing BT tra its and the importanc e of

Insec t Resistanc e Management to p reserve the effec tiveness of these tec hnolog ies.

Dr. Randy Shaver, University of Wisconsin-Madison

(http :/ / www.uwex.edu/ c es/ da irynutrition/ c ontac t.c fm ), will p resent information about c orn

shred lage, a new proc essed c orn silage tha t c hange the way da iry p roduc ers feed their

c a ttle to maximize p roduc tion.

Dr. Russ Hahn, Cornell University (http :/ / c ss.c a ls.c ornell.edu/ peop le/ fac ulty.c fm?netId=rrh4),

will p resent his la test c orn herb ic ide researc h da ta ; p rovide many new weed c ontro l

upda tes and the importanc e of herb ic ide resistanc e management.

Agenda for the 2013 Crop Congress at Miner Institute

9:30 am – 10:00 am: Registration and vendor trade show

10:00 am – 11:00 am: Bill Cox, Cornell University: NY Corn Production Research Studies

What ’ s new with Bt Corn Hybrids and other new c orn researc h for NY

11:00 am – 12:00 am: Randy Shaver, University of Wisconsin: Corn Shredlage-The New Corn

Silage

Utilizing c orn shred lage on your fa rm and how to best utilize this high qua lity forage to maximize da iry c a ttle milk p roduc tion.

12:00-1:00 LUNCH available for $5

1:00- 2:00: Russ Hahn, Cornell University. Update on corn herbicides for NY

The la test c orn herb ic ide researc h da ta and new weed c ontro l upda tes for 2013

2:00- 2:30: Update on Crop Insurance-Panel of Speakers

2:30 ADJOURN

The pestic ide sign in rosters a re only ava ilab le during reg istra tion tha t will be sc heduled from

9:30am - 10:00am. There a re two persons assigned to taking reg istra tion payments from

a ttendees. After reg istra tion has conc luded they will then take the sign rosters off the tab le and loc k them in the c ash box. At the end of the p rogram the c ertific a tes will be persona lly

handed out to everyone needed c ertifica tes as they wa lk out the door a t the c onc lusion of

the meeting. You must a rrive on time and stay for the entire p rogram to rec eive these c red its.

http://css.cals.cornell.edu/people/faculty.cfm?netId=wjc3

http://www.uwex.edu/ces/dairynutrition/contact.cfm

http://css.cals.cornell.edu/people/faculty.cfm?netId=rrh4

1

HYBRID MATURITY GROUP ?

HYBRID MATURITY:

YIELD-NNY YEAR 75-85 86-90 91-95 96-100

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

AVG.

26.6

28.3

27.4

26.0

24.9

-

-

29.8

31.1

28.0

24.8

22.3

24.4

26.7

30.6

30.1

27.4

26.6

24.5

27.9

27.9

30.7

29.9

29.8

26.4

24.8

29.1

28.5

HYBRID MATURITY:

MOISTURE-NNY

YEAR 75-85 86-90 91-95 96-100

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

AVG.

61.0

62.5

60.8

60.7

68.1

-

-

63.7

64.3

61.2

65.0

68.9

57.4

63.4

65.1

64.8

61.7

66.7

70.0

58.0

64.4

65.5

65.3

62.8

68.0

70.8

58.7

65.2

SHORTER-SEASON HYBRID FOR A

TIMELY WINTER COVER CROP

PLANTING?

2012 HYBRID MATURITY-

YIELDS

RM-entries CAYUGA LIVING CORTLAND AVG.

85-90 -11

91-95 -12

96-100-18

21.6

21.8

23.3

19.8

21.2

21.5

17.3

16.7

18.1

19.6

19.9

21.0

2

2012 SILAGE HYBRIDS:

85-90 DAY RM

HYBRID

SILAGE

YIELD

MILK/

TON

MILK

YIELD

DKC38-03-GENVT2P 107 102 109

FS 3722VT3P 107 102 109

DKC39-07 GENVT2P

TA290-31

DKC40-22-GENSS

103

103

99

103

99

102

105

101

101

MILK/TON & MILK YIELD

MILK/TON

•Starch

•NDFD30

•NDF

•CP

•Ash

CALC.MILK YIELD

•Silage Yield x

Milk/Ton


85-90 DAY RM

HYBRID

SILAGE

YIELD

MILK/

TON

MILK

YIELD

DKC38-03-GENVT2P 107 102 109

FS 3722VT3P 107 102 109

DKC39-07 GENVT2P

TA290-31

DKC40-22-GENSS

103

103

99

103

99

102

105

102

101


91-95 DAY RM

HYBRID

SILAGE

YIELD

MILK/

TON

MILK

YIELD

TA333-22DP 109 101 110

H5084VT3P 108 100 107

HHG33B12

DKC43-48 GENVT3P

P9630AM1

106

105

100

99

100

101

104

104

101

2012 SILAGE HYBRIDS: 96-

100 DAY RM

HYBRID

SILAGE

YIELD

MILK/

TON

MILK

YIELD

HHG39HF13 110 99 109

197-67VT3P

HiDF3197-7

FS 4811VP3

D39QN29

DKC46-20GENVT3P

RPM 472RR

104

108

106

101

104

101

103

99

100

104

100

101

107

107

106

104

103

102

2012 SILAGE HYBRIDS: 101-105

DAY RM

HYBRID SYIELD M/TON MYIELD

203-43VT3P

HiDF3702-9

102

104

104

101

106

105

FS 5429VP3

D45Q50

NK N53W-3000GT

H5222VT3P

TA545-20

Garst 87P52-4011

TA557-00F

103

103

102

101

100

101

105

102

101

101

102

103

101

97

105

104

103

103

102

101

101

3

ZONE TILLAGE DEPTH ?

FIELD-SCALE STUDY OF ZONE

TILLAGE : 2006-2007

DEPTH CORN-ALFALFA CORN-CORN AVG

0” 24.4 23.4 23.9

7” 25.9 25.1 25.5

14” 25.8 24.5 25.2

LSD 0.05 1.3 1.0 0.7

PARTIAL BUDGET ANALYSES:

14” TO 0”

ITEM 0” DEPTH 14” DEPTH

-------------$/ACRE-----------------

LABOR 1.20

FUEL 4.76

REPAIR/MAINTEN.

DEPRECIATION

HARVEST COSTS

VARIABLE COSTS

SILAGE VALUE

PROFIT

3.23

1.14

11.70

22.03

-23.47

45.50

PARTIAL BUDGET ANALYSES:

14” TO 7” ITEM 7” DEPTH 14” DEPTH

-------------$/ACRE--------------

LABOR 0.60

FUEL 2.38

REPAIR/MAINTEN.

HARVEST COSTS

VARIABLE COSTS

SILAGE VALUE

PROFIT

1.22

2.85

10.50

13.35

1.35

CORNELL RECOMMENDED

SEEDING RATES IN NY

SILAGE :?

GRAIN :?

4

2008-2009 CORN SILAGE HYBRID X

SEEDING RATE STUDIES

HYBRIDS: 2 PIONEER, 2 DEKALB, 2 LEAFY, AND 2 BMR

SEEDING RATES (kernels/acre)

•25,000

•30,000

•35,000

•40,000

2008-2009 HYBRID X SEEDING RATE

STUDY-YIELD

RATE PIONEER DEKALB LEAFY BMR AVG.

25,000 25.3 25.5 23.2 22.2 24.1

30,000 26.0 25.6 24.3 24.0 25.0

35,000

40,000

26.6

27.6

25.9

25.8

25.7

25.8

24.8

24.8

25.8

25.9

Avg.

26.4

25.7

24.8

24.0


STUDY-NDFD30

RATE PIONEER DEKALB LEAFY BMR AVG

25,000 58.7 58.3 58.7 71.2 61.7

30,000 59.3 57.7 59.1 72.3 62.1

35,000

40,000

57.9

59.3

57.2

57.4

59.6

59.5

72.2

73.0

61.8

62.3

Avg.

58.8

57.6

59.2

72.2


STUDY-STARCH


25,000 33.3 34.6 34.6 33.3 34.0

30,000 34.2 34.6 34.5 32.1 33.9

35,000

40,000

33.9

33.8

34.9

34.7

34.8

34.0

32.6

31.5

34.1

33.5

Avg.

33.8

34.7

34.5

32.4

2008-2009 HYBRID X SEEDING RATE:

MILK/TON


25,000 3364 3413 3396 3657 3458

30,000 3387 3382 3365 3652 3446

35,000

40,000

3356

3363

3369

3355

3378

3341

3662

3603

3442

3415

Avg.

3368

3379

3370

3643

2008-2009 HYBRID X SEEDING RATE:

MILK/ACRE


25,000 32602 33326 30600 32145 31985

30,000 33876 33288 30678 33934 33302

35,000

40,000

34274

35555

33437

33305

32396

32643

35048

34545

33856

34009

Avg.

34076

33339

31579

33919

5

CORN SEEDING RATES FOR

GRAIN IN NEW YORK ?

2011-2012 FIELD-SCALE CORN

SEEDING RATE STUDIES

SITES: TWO 30” ROW SITES, A NARROW ROW (20”) SITE, AND A TWIN ROW SITE

HYBRIDS: DKC49-94 GENSS AND P9807HR

SEEDING RATES (kernels/acre)

• 25,000

• 30,000

• 35,000

• 40,000

CAYUGA CO-20” ROW

LIVINGSTON CO.-30” ROWS

ORLEANS CO-TWIN ROW

6

SENECA CO.-30” ROWS

2012 –VERY DRY FROM JUNE

20-JULY 20

LIVINGSTON CO.-30” 2012 SENECA CO.-30”

7

PARITAL BUDGET ANALYSES

SEED

DRYING AND STORAGE HAULING

8

2011-2012 FIELD-SCALE

ECONOMIC SEEDING RATES

YR/HYBRID CAY LIV ORL SEN

2011

P9807 34500 25000 25000 25000

DKC49-94

2012

38700 25000 25000 40000

P9807

DKC49-94

27000

27000

25000

25000

32800

32800

25000

26800

NORTHERN NY SOYBEANS

YEAR

JEFF AC

JEFF-Y

NENNYAC

NENNYY

2002 1,400 29 1,600 33

2003 2,300 33 2,300 47

2004 2,100 41 2,200 55

2005 2,000 41 2,500 45

2006 1,900 40 2,300 50

2007 3,100 36 - -

2008

2009

3,000

4,100

50

38

-

-

-

-

2010

2011

6,200

7,000

43

-

2,200

2,300

38

35

9

2012 SOYBEAN MATURITY

GROUP ? YIELD OF DIFFERENT

MATURITY GROUPS-JEFF

YIELD

GROUP 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 AVG

I 54 27 51 44 60 56 49

II 64 34 49 48 65 53 52

MOISTURE

I - 12.7 15.1 14.3 12.2 13.0 13.5

II - 13.9 15.6 14.5 12.3 18.2 14.9

2012 SOYBEAN VARIETY

TRIALS-YIELD

MATURITY

AURORA

LIMA

CHAZY

GROUP I-16 52 49 81

GROUP II-29 59 58 91

2012 SOYBEAN VARIETY TRIAL-

GROUP I

VARIETY

AURORA

LIMA

CHAZY

13A11 55 56 89

15A11

SG1513

53

56

55

51

80

80

SG19A11 55 50 93

1805R2

RPMDB1711

5N180RR2

S17-G8

AVG.

57

51

56

53

52

-

55

49

48

49

93

71

85

82

81

2012 SOYBEAN VARIETY TRIAL-

GROUP II

VARIETY

AURORA

LIMA

CHAZY

20A12 64 64 92

S20-Y2 63 62 93

31RY20 62 62 89

21A12

2229R2

5N210RR2

S21-N6

SG2111

S28-K1

SG2013

AVG.

62

62

64

60

59

57

59

59

64

60

58

61

61

63

61

58

98

96

90

91

92

-

90

91

PLANT BEANS WITH A CORN

PLANTER OR DRILL?

10

2010-2011 FIELD-SCALE ROW

SPACING X SEEDING RATE

STUDY-SOYBEAN

•THREE ROW SPACINGS: (7.5 inch drilled vs. 15 and 30-inch with a row crop planter)

•TWO SEEDING RATES: (~130,000 and 170,000 seeds/acre)

•TWO SITES: (Cayuga and Livingston Counties)

2010-11 ROW SPACING X SEEDING RATE:

YIELD

ROW/RATE CAYUGA LIVINGSTON

7.5 INCH/130000

170000

AVG.

15 INCH/130000

170000

AVG.

30 INCH/130000

170000

AVG.

48

49

49

49

50

50

48

51

50

63

65

64

62

62

62

61

62

62

2010-11 PROFIT-$/ACRE-DRILLED BEANS

SEED COST (150,000 SEEDS)

PRICE 55 60 65 70

9.00

9.50

10.00

10.50

11.00

11.50

12.00

12.50

13.00

13.50

3.37

4.37

5.37

6.37

7.37

8.37

9.37

10.37

11.37

12.37

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

8.00

9.00

10.00

11.00

0.65

1.65

2.65

3.65

4.65

5.65

6.65

7.65

8.65

9.65

-0.69

0.31

1.31

2.31

3.31

4.31

5.31

6.31

7.31

8.31

11

BUY A GRAIN DRILL? PARTIAL BUDGET: 30” TO 7.5”

ITEM 300 acres 600 acres

INCOME CHANGE

ANNUAL FIXED COSTS

8280 16560

Depreciation

Interest

Insurance

Shelter

VARIABLE COSTS

Repairs

Seed Costs

Harvesting and Hauling

TOTAL COSTS

CHANGE IN PROFIT

1714

700

170

400

800

4160

489

8433

-153

2185

892

216

510

1020

8320

978

14121

2439

2007-2008 CORN HYBRID TRAIT

STUDY-CORN-CORN

FOUR SITES: CAYUGA, LIVINGSTON, JEFFERSON, AND ONONDAGA

TWO COMPANIES: PIONEER AND DEKALB • 37F73-BASE GENETICS (Preemergence) • 37F75-DOUBLE-STACKED (BtCB +RR) • 37F76-TRIPLE-STACKED (BtCB+BtCR+RR) • DKC52-62-BASE GENETICS (Premergence) • DKC52-63-DOUBLE-STACKED (BtCB +RR) • DKC52-59-TRIPLE-STACKED (BtCB+BtCR+RR)


STUDY-CORN-SOYBEAN

FOUR SITES: CAYUGA, LIVINGSTON,

JEFFERSON, AND ONONDAGA

TWO COMPANIES: PIONEER AND DEKALB

• 37F73-BASE GENETICS (Preemergence)

• 37F75-DOUBLE-STACKED (BtCB +RR)

• DKC52-62-BASE GENETICS (Preemergence)

• DKC52-63-DOUBLE-STACKED (BtCB +RR)

12


GRAIN YIELDS: CORN-CORN

HYBRID CAY LIVIN JEFF ONO

Base Genetics 172 196 140 175

Double-Stacked 171 199 148 182

Triple-Stacked

175 198 147 181

LSD 0.05 NS NS 6 5


PARTIAL BUDGET- $/ACRE: CORN-CORN

COMPARISON CAY LIVING JEFF ONO

Double vs. Base -28.70 0.24 35.99 18.47

Triple vs. Base -11.84 -5.06 21.94 11.85

Triple vs. Double

16.86 -5.30 -14.05 -6.61

LSD 0.05

10.23

NS

12.53

9.64


GRAIN YIELDS: CORN-SOYBEAN

HYBRID CAY LIVIN JEFF ONO AV.

Base Genetics 164 196 171 170 176

Double-Stack

169 194 178 172 179

LSD 0.05

NS

NS

5

NS

NS


PARTIAL BUDGET $/ACRE: CORN-

SOYBEAN

COMPARISON CAY LIVIN JEFF ONO

Double vs. Base 8.68 -19.18 24.76 -8.49

LSD 0.05

NS

13.65

15.11

NS

1

What are we learning about Corn Shredlage™ for dairy cows?

Luiz Ferraretto & Randy Shaver

Dairy Science Department, UW Madison

80 to 98% starch digestibility•Kernel particle size•Duration of silage fermentation•Kernel maturity •Endosperm properties

40 to 70% IVNDFD•Lignin/NDF•Hybrid

•Maturity

Grain ~40-45% of WPDMStover= ~55-60% of WPDM

• Avg. 42% NDF• Variable stover:grain

Whole-Plant Corn Silage

•Avg. 30% starch in WPDM•Variable grain:stover

Variable peNDF as per chop lengthAdapted from Joe Lauer, UW Madison Agronomy Dept.

Kernel Processing*Maturity

Ferraretto & Shaver, PAS, 2012 – Meta Analysis

106 treatment means – 27 studies – 24 articles

January 2000 to July 2011 (AFST, JDS)

Kernel Processing*TLOC

Ferraretto & Shaver, PAS, 2012 – Meta Analysis

106 treatment means – 27 studies – 24 articles

January 2000 to July 2011 (AFST, JDS)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

# o

f sa

mp

les

51% Adequately Processed 42% Inadequately Processed 7% Optimally Processed

92% ttStarchD Ferreira 2002

Corn Silage Processing Score 1131 Samples, CVAS 2010 - 2011 98% ttStarchD

Ferreira 2002

∆Worth 2 lb. Milk or 2 lb. Corn

Cor

n Shre

dlage

™

Cor

n Shre

dlage

™

2

SHREDLAGE™ The Story

• Missouri Dairy Farmer

• Introduced to Roger Olson

• Asked “Dad” Loren Olson

• Built Prototype in Shop

• Looking for Developing Partner

• Introduced it to Bob Scherer

• Prototype in less than 60-days

• Development to Today

http://www.shredlage.com/

Corn Shredlage™ 26-30 mm TLOC; 2-3 mm roll gap

UW Trial Methods Shredlage KP

Hybrid DKC 57-79 DKC 57-79

Planting date 5/7/11 5/7/11

Location Arlington, WI Arlington, WI

Row spacing 30” 30”

Seeds per acre 34,000 34,000

Harvest date 9/8/11 9/9/11

Acres harvested 9.1 8.9

DM tons per acre 8.3 8.2

SPFH CLAAS Jaguar

Kutz Farms, Jefferson WI JD – UW ARS

Harvester Settings 30 mm TLOC;

2.5 mm Roll Gap 19 mm TLOC; 2 mm Roll Gap

Silo Bag 10’ diameter 10’ diameter

Inoculant None None

Penn State Shaker Box (as-fed basis)

Screen, mm Shredlage KP

19 31.5% 5.6%

8 41.5% 75.6%

1.18 26.2% 18.4%

Pan 0.8% 0.4%

Samples obtained during feed-out from the silo bags

3

Kernel Processing Score

Shredlage KP

% Starch Passing 4.75 mm Sieve

75.0% ± 3.3 60.3% ± 3.9

Samples obtained during feed-out from the silo bags

Nutrient composition of feed-out samples

Shredlage KP

DM, % as fed 33.9% ± 2.1 33.7% ± 3.2

CP, % DM 7.3% ± 0.4 7.7% ± 0.3

Starch, % DM 35.1% ± 2.2 35.6% ± 2.2

NDF, % DM 36.4% ± 2.4 36.3% ± 1.4

Fermentation profile of feed-out samples

Shredlage KP

pH 3.59 ± 0.05 3.61 ± 0.03

Ammonia, % of CP 4.7 ± 0.8 4.8 ± 0.8

Lactic Acid, % of DM 6.0 ± 0.9 5.1 ± 0.4

Acetic Acid, % of DM 1.0 ± 0.1 1.0 ± 0.1

Bag Packing Densities (lb DM/cu. Ft)

L Shredlage KP

Entire Bags At Filling

158’ 17.7 17.2

During Feed-out near back of bags

4’ 17.5 17.2

Volume = 3.14 × Radius2 × Length

Feeding Trial 10/20/11 – 12/28/11; UW – Arlington Dairy 14, 8 cow pens; 112 mid lactation cows Cows stratified by breed, parity & DIM, assigned to pens, and pens randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments Shredlage™ KP

2-week adjustment period with all pens fed 50:50 mix of Shredlage & KP in TMR

8-week treatment period with all cows fed their assigned treatment TMR

4

DIM & BW at trial initiation

DIM BW, lb.

Shredlage 114 ± 35 1559 ± 47

KP 117 ± 36 1520 ± 33

Pens were comprised of 46% 1st lactation cows all of which were Holsteins, and of the 2nd or > lactation cows 80% were Holsteins

Experimental Diets (DM basis)

Shredlage KP

Shredlage 50% ---

KP Silage --- 50%

Alfalfa Silage 10% 10%

Ground Dry Shelled Corn 10.3% 10.3%

Corn Gluten Feed 7.4% 7.4%

SBM 48%, solvent 6.9% 6.9%

SBM, expeller 9.3% 9.3%

Rumen-Inert Fat 1.9% 1.9%

Min/Vits 4.2% 4.2%

TMR Nutrient Composition (DM basis)

Shredlage KP

CP 17.2% 17.3%

Total NDF 28.1% 28.3%

NDF from Forage 22.3% 22.5%

Starch 25.4% 25.5%

Crude Fat 4.8% 4.5%

Penn State Shaker Box (as-fed basis)

Screen, mm Shredlage KP

19 15.6% 3.5%

8 38.2% 52.9%

1.18 38.9% 35.8%

Pan 7.3% 7.8%

TMR Samples

TMR Sorting – PSU Shaker Box

Screen, mm Shredlage KP P <

19 99.3 99.5 0.72

8 99.7 99.8 0.66

1.18 100.1 99.7 0.09

Pan 102.1 101.7 0.54

% of Predicted Intake

Dry matter intake & milk yield

Shredlage KP P <

DMI, lb/d 55.8 54.4 0.08

Milk, lb/d 96.0 94.2 0.14

Milk/DMI 1.72 1.73 0.74

5

Milk composition

Shredlage KP P <

Fat % 3.74% 3.70% 0.66

Protein % 3.18% 3.21% 0.29

MUN, mg/dL 13.9 13.6 0.48

Component-corrected milk yields

Shredlage KP P <

3.5% FCM, lb/d 100.1 97.8 0.07

FCM/DMI 1.77 1.79 0.65

ECM, lb/d 99.2 97.2 0.10

ECM/DMI 1.76 1.77 0.50

3.5% FCM Yield by Week

*

* **

* P < 0.10

** P < 0.01

Week × Treatment Interaction (P < 0.03)

BW, BCS, BWC & Diet NEL

Shredlage KP P <

BW, lb 1568 1553 0.29

BCS 3.03 3.04 0.90

BWC, lb/d 0.62 0.68 0.84

Calc. Diet NEL, Mcal/lb DMI

0.81 0.82 0.59

Total Tract Starch Digestibility

Treatment

P < 0.001

Week

P < 0.03

Total Tract NDF Digestibility

Treatment

P < 0.04

6

Ruminal In Situ Starch Digestibility

*P < 0.06

Ruminal incubations on undried, unground samples

Trial 1

Ruminal In Situ NDF Digestibility

Treatment P = 0.83

Trial 1

Undried, Unground Samples

Ruminal In Situ Starch Digestibility Trial 2

65

70

75

80

85

90

95

100

6 12 24

Rum

inal In

Situ

Sta

rch D

igest

ibility (%)

Hours of incubation

SHRD

KPCS

Trt P = 0.01 Time P = 0.001 Trt*time P = 0.47

*

**

† ** P < 0.01 * P < 0.05 † P < 0.10

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

6 12 24 30 48 72 96

Rum

inal In

Situ

NDF D

igest

ibility (%)

Hours of incubation

SHRD

KPCS


Undried, Unground Samples

Ruminal In Situ NDF Digestibility Trial 2

7

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

6 12 24 30 48 72 96

Rum

inal In

Situ

NDF D

igest

ibility (%)

Hours of incubation

SHRD

KPCS


***

***

***

***

**

** **

** P = 0.01 *** P = 0.001

Ruminal In Situ NDF Digestibility

Dried, 6 mm Ground Samples

Conclusions • The proportion of material on the top (coarsest) screen

of the PSU shaker box was greater for Shredlage – This was also the case for the Shredlage TMR

• There was no sorting of either TMR

• DMI tended to be greater for Shredlage

• FCM & ECM tended to be greater Shredlage – Response increased as study progressed

• Kernel processing score and ruminal & total tract starch digestibility were greater for Shredlage treatment

• Total-tract NDF digestibility was greater for Shredlage treatment, while ruminal NDF digestibility response varied by in situ methods

Some Follow-Up Questions

• Greatest response potential? Starch digestibility

> DM content

> TLOC

< time in silo before feed-out

Corn Silage Fermentation Increases Starch Digestibility!


• Greatest response potential? Physically effective NDF

Low forage rations

High corn silage rations

Chopped hay or straw replacement?

BMR corn silage?

Digestible NDF Low NDFD corn silages?


• Process control? TLOC

Shaker box proportions

Roll gap spacing Processing score

Harvest DM content

Kernel Processing Score

n Average Min

% Starch Passing 4.75 mm Sieve

21 74% 69%

Field shredlage samples obtained during 2012 harvest

Data source: Roger Olsen

8

How does it pack & ferment?

Do cows sort the TMR more?

Processor & SPFH? http://www.shredlage.com/

Shredlage rolls can be used for earlage/snaplage

Are other novel processing options being tried?

http://www.deere.com/wps/dcom/en_INT/our_company/news_and_media/press_releases/2012/kernelstar_processor.page

9

80 to 98% starch digestibility•Kernel particle size•Duration of silage fermentation•Kernel maturity •Endosperm properties

40 to 70% IVNDFD•Lignin/NDF•Hybrid

•Maturity

Grain ~40-45% of WPDMStover= ~55-60% of WPDM

• Avg. 42% NDF• Variable stover:grain

Whole-Plant Corn Silage

•Avg. 30% starch in WPDM•Variable grain:stover

Variable peNDF as per chop lengthAdapted from Joe Lauer, UW Madison Agronomy Dept.

Visit UW Extension Dairy Cattle Nutrition Website

http://www.uwex.edu/ces/dairynutrition/

1

NORTH COUNTRY CROP CONGRESS

CORN WEED CONTROL

Russ Hahn

Crop and Soil Sciences

Cornell University

CORN WEED CONTROL

RR crop trends and questions

Herbicide resistance update

Acetochlor registered in NY

PRE vs. POST weed control

Dandelion management in

zone-tillage corn

QUESTIONS RAISED

ABOUT GR CROPS

Glyphosate adversely affects

mineral nutrition in GR crops

This leads to adverse effects,

like increased plant disease

Others suggest GR crops are

more susceptible to diseases

due to other mechanisms.

Glyphosate Effects on Plant

Mineral Nutrition, Crop Rhizoshere

Microbiota, and Plant Disease in

Glyphosate-Resistant Crops

S. O. Duke, J. Lydon,

W. C. Koskinen, T. B. Moorman,

R. L. Chaney, and R. Hammerschmidt

Journal of Agricultural

and Food Chemistry

REVIEW CONCLUDES

Mineral nutrition is not affected

by the GR trait or by glyphosate.

Neither the GR transgenes nor

glyphosate increases diseases.

Yield data suggests there are no

substantive nutrition or disease

problems specific to GR crops.

2

CORN WEED CONTROL



HERBICIDE RESISTANT WEEDS

SUMMARY 2/11/13

Herbicide Group

WSSA

Group Example

Herbicide

Total

ALS inhibitor 2 Steadfast Q 129

Triazine 5 Atrazine 69

ACCase inhibitor 1 Fusilade 42

Synthetic Auxin 4 2,4-D 30

Bipyridilium 22 Gramoxone 28

Glycine 9 Roundup 24

Ureas and Amide 7 Lorox 22

Dinitroaniline, etc. 3 Prowl 11

HERBICIDE RESISTANT WEEDS

SUMMARY 2/11/13

Herbicide Group

WSSA

Group Example

Herbicide

Total

Thiocarbamate, etc. 8 Eptam 8

PPO inhibitors 14 Sharpen 6

Triazole, Urea, etc. 11 Amitrole 5

Chloroacetamide,etc. 15 Dual II Mag. 4

Nitriles and others 6 Buctril 4

Carotenoid inhibitors 12 Zorial 3

Others - - 11

Total Herbicide Resistant Biotypes 396

3

GLYPHOSATE RESISTANT

WEEDS IN USA 2/11/13 http://www.weedscience.org

# Weeds 1st Occurrence

1 Palmer amaranth 2005 - Georgia - 13*

2 Spiny amaranth 2012 - Mississippi - 1*

3 Common waterhemp 2005 - Missouri - 11*

4 Common ragweed 2004 - Arkansas - 8*

5 Giant ragweed 2004 - Ohio - 11*

6 Hairy fleabane 2003 - South Africa - 1*

7 Horseweed 2000 - Delaware - 21*

*Number of states reporting this biotype.

Two other cases of resistant weeds

have been added to the WSSA web site

– Buckhorn plantain, South Africa (‘03)

– Hairy fleabane, South Africa (‘03)

No complaints from growers to

Monsanto

No field trials support the posting

Monsanto will conduct field trials

Under Investigation

GLYPHOSATE RESISTANT

WEEDS IN USA 2/11/13 http://www.weedscience.org

# Weeds 1st Occurrence

8 Junglerice 2007 - Australia - 1*

9 Goosegrass 1997 - Malaysia - 2*

10 Kochia 2007 - Kansas - 4*

11 Italian ryegrass 2001 - Chile - 3*

12 Rigid ryegrass 1996 - Australia - 1*

13 Annual bluegrass 2010 - Missouri - 2*

14 Johnsongrass 2005 - Argentina - 3*

*Number of states reporting this biotype

POPULATIONS WITH

GROUP 2 & 9 RESISTANCE

Weeds State # Sites Acres

Palmer amaranth GA

MS

101-500

?

1001-10,000

?

Tall waterhemp MO

IL

101-500

1

100,000+

50-100

Common ragweed OH 1 501-1000

Giant ragweed OH 1 101-500

Horseweed OH 2-5 101-500

RESISTANCE MANAGEMENT

FOR GROWERS

• Rotate crops, i.e. genetics

• Cultivate to control escapes

• Rotate sites of action

• Tank mixes or sequential

herbicide applications with

different sites of action

4

• Weed resistance to many

sites of action is common

• Resistance is manageable

• Most products retain value

despite resistance

OVERVIEW OF RESISTANCE CORN WEED CONTROL




ACETOCHLOR REGISTRATION

Denied in 1997 based on risks



• Oncogenic effects




• Potential contamination of

groundwater from degradates




• Potential contamination of

groundwater from degradates

• Toxicity to non-target aquatic

plants and animals due to

runoff to surface waters

5


Since then, EPA’s toxicological

and environmental profiles have

improved significantly


Since then, EPA’s toxicological

and environmental profiles have

improved significantly

EPA has since dropped the

“Restricted Use” designation

DROPPED RU DESIGNATION

Favorable cancer reclassification



Groundwater monitoring has shown

it’s less likely to leach than others



Groundwater monitoring has shown

it’s less likely to leach than others

Surface water monitoring has shown

amounts not likely to pose risk to

aquatic plants and animals

SEEDLING SHOOT INHIBITORS

Group Site of Action Family Product

15

Long-chain

fatty acid

inhibition (4)

Chloroacet-

amide

Dual II Mag

Outlook

Micro-Tech

Harness

Surpass

6

ACETOCHLOR RODUCTS

Product Acetochlor Atrazine Company

Harness 7 lb/gal - Monsanto

Harness Xtra 4.3 lb/gal 1.7 lb/gal Monsanto

Harness Xtra 5.6L 3.1 lb/gal 2.5 lb/gal Monsanto

Degree Xtra 2.7 lb/gal 1.34 lb/gal Monsanto

Warrant 3 lb/gal - Monsanto

Surpass 6.4 lb/gal - Dow

Keystone 3 lb/gal 2.25 lb/gal Dow

ACETOCHLOR RODUCTS

Product

Acetochlor

Clopyralid

“Stinger”

Flumetsulam

“Python”

SureStart 3.75 lb/gal 0.38 lb/gal 0.12 lb/gal

TripleFLEX 3.75 lb/gal 0.38 lb/gal 0.12 lb/gal

CHLOROACETAMIDE

EFFECTIVENESS*

Annual Grasses

& Nutsedge

Harness

Surpass

Outlook

Dual

Crabgrass 9 9 9

Barnyardgrass 9 9 9

Fall Panicum 8+ 8+ 8+

Foxtails 9 9 9

Nutsedge 7+ 7+ 8

*Penn State Agronomy Guide

CHLOROACETAMIDE

EFFECTIVENESS*

Annual

Broadleaf

Harness

Surpass

Outlook

Dual

Velvetleaf 6 N N

Pigweeds 9 8 8

C. Ragweed 7+ 6 6

Lambsquarters 7 6 6

E B Nightshade 8+ 7+ 7+

*Penn State Agronomy Guide

PRE ACETOCHLOR ACOR0312

Hybrid - DKC 42-72

Planted - May 15, 2012

Sprayed - PRE – May 16

Rainfall - Week 1 – Trace

- Week 2 – 1.05 in.

Untreated Check

7


Rate % Control 3 WAT

Herbicide Amt/A Rag Lambs

Harness 7EC 2.2 pt 50 50

Harness Xtra 5.6L 2.3 qt 99 99

Bicep II Magnum 2.1 qt 100 99

Untreated - 0 0

LSD (0.05) 15 15


Rate % Control 3 WAT

Herbicide Amt/A Fox Must

Harness 7EC 2.2 pt 97 55

Harness Xtra 5.6L 2.3 qt 100 100

Bicep II Magnum 2.1 qt 99 99

Untreated - 0 0

LSD (0.05) 3 15


Rate Yield

Herbicide Amt/A Bu/A

Harness 7EC 2.2 pt 158

Harness Xtra 5.6L 2.3 qt 158

Bicep II Magnum 2.1 qt 166

Untreated - 91

LSD (0.05) 21


Hybrid - DKC 42-91

Planted - May 24, 2012

Sprayed - PRE – May 24

Rainfall - Week 1 – 1.05 in.

- Week 2 – 0.89 in.


Rate % Foxtail Control

Herbicide Amt/A 4 WAT 14 WAT

Keystone 2.6 qt 100 98

Keystone

+ Prowl H2O

2 qt

2 pt

100 99

Untreated - 0 0

LSD (0.05) 0 2


Rate % Ragweed Control

Herbicide Amt/A 4 WAT 14 WAT

Keystone 2.6 qt 100 100

Keystone

+ Prowl H2O

2 qt

2 pt

100 100

Untreated - 0 0

LSD (0.05) 14 2

8


Rate Yield

Herbicide Amt/A Bu/A

Keystone 2.6 qt 183

Keystone

+ Prowl H2O

2 qt

2 pt

190

Untreated - 117

LSD (0.05) 32

CORN WEED CONTROL





PRE VS POST CONTROL ACOR0210 & ACOR0211

2010 2011


Planted May 20 May 25

Sprayed PRE – May 25 PRE – May 25

Rainfall Week 1 – 0.24 in.

Week 2 – 2.11 in.

Week 1 – 0.71 in.

Week 2 – 0.07 in.

Untreated Check - 2010

PRE VS EPO CONTROL ACOR0210 & ACOR0111

Rate When % Control Yield

Herbicide Amt/A Appl Rag Fox Bu/A

Lumax

+ AAtrex

2.5 qt

1 pt

PRE

PRE

93 83

Untreated - - 0 0

•Applied with 0.25% (v/v) NIS and 3.4 lb/A AMS.

9

2.5 qt Lumax + 1 pt AAtrex - PRE PRE VS EPO CONTROL

ACOR0210 & ACOR0111



Lumax

+ AAtrex

2.5 qt

1 pt

PRE

PRE

93 83 141

Untreated - - 0 0 42



2010 2011



Sprayed - EPO June 11 June 10

Weeds 2 inches 1 inch




Lumax

+ AAtrex

2.5 qt

1 pt

PRE

PRE

93 83

Halex GT *

+ AAtrex

3.6 pt

1 pt

EPO

EPO

99 97






Lumax

+ AAtrex

2.5 qt

1 pt

PRE

PRE

93 83 141

Halex GT *

+ AAtrex

3.6 pt

1 pt

EPO

EPO

99 97 153



EPO VS MPO CONTROL ACOR0210 & ACOR0111

2010 2011



Sprayed - EPO June 11 June 10

Weeds 2 inches 1 inch

Sprayed - MPO June 18 June 20

Weeds 4 – 5 inches 2 – 6 inches

10




Halex GT *

+ AAtrex

3.6 pt

1 pt

EPO

EPO

99 97

Halex GT *

+ AAtrex

3.6 pt

1 pt

MPO

MPO

100 99

Untreated - - 0 0


3.6 pt Halex GT + 1 pt AAtrex

0.4 pt NIS + 3.4 lb AMS - EPO

3.6 pt Halex GT + 1 pt AAtrex

0.4 pt NIS + 3.4 lb AMS -MPO




Halex GT *

+ AAtrex

3.6 pt

1 pt

EPO

EPO

99 97 153

Halex GT *

+ AAtrex

3.6 pt

1 pt

MPO

MPO

100 99 139



CORN WEED CONTROL





Dandelion management in

zone-tillage corn

11

PREVENTING ESTABLISHMENT

Document the value of residual

herbicides in preventing dandelion

encroachment

Determine if reduced rates of

residual herbicides will work

GR CORN/SOYBEAN

ROTATION EXPERIMENT

Field was fall plowed in 2009 to

eliminate established dandelions

GR CORN/SOYBEAN

ROTATION EXPERIMENT

Field was fall plowed in 2009 to


Initiated in 2010 at Aurora with five

rotations of corn or soybeans as

main plots with five replications

CROP ROTATIONS Main Plots - 12 Rows x 300 ft.

# 2010 2011 2012 2013 Residual

1 Corn Corn Corn Corn With residual

2 Corn Soy

Corn Soy Residual in both

3 Soy Corn Soy

Corn Residual in both

4 Corn Soy Corn

Soy Residual in corn

5 Soy Corn

Soy

Corn

Residual in corn

GR CORN/SOYBEAN

ROTATION EXPERIMENT Field was fall plowed in 2009 to


Initiated in 2010 at Aurora with five

rotations of corn or soybeans as

main plots with five replications

Sub-plots of glyphosate alone or

1/2, 2/3, or full rates of residuals

in 2010 and in 2011

RESIDUAL PROGRAMS Sub-Plots – 12 rows x 75 ft.

Crop

Herbicide

Program

When

Appl.

Corn Lumax + Roundup EPO

Soybean 1 Canopy

fb Roundup

PRE

MPO

Soybean 2 Enlite

fb Roundup

+ Synchrony XP

PRE

MPO

MPO

12

COUNTS 4/30/2012

DANDELIONS PER 1000 SQ FT ROTATIONS 1 - 2 - 4

Herbicides Rotation 1

Corn - Corn

Rotation 2

Corn - Soy

Rotation 4*

Corn - Soy

Roundup PM 297 475

1/2 X

Residual**

20 108

2/3 X

Residual**

11 73

1X Residual** 5 29

* Residual in corn only.

**Applied with 22 fl oz Roundup PM.



Corn - Corn

Rotation 2

Corn - Soy

Rotation 4*

Corn - Soy

Roundup PM 297 475 452

1/2 X

Residual**

20 108 332

2/3 X

Residual**

11 73 277

1X Residual** 5 29 283





Corn - Corn

Rotation 3

Soy - Corn

Rotation 5*

Soy - Corn

Roundup PM 297 270

1/2 X

Residual**

20 30

2/3 X

Residual**

11 10

1X Residual** 5 9





Corn - Corn

Rotation 3

Soy - Corn

Rotation 5*

Soy - Corn

Roundup PM 297 270 238

1/2 X

Residual**

20 30 76

2/3 X

Residual**

11 10 73

1X Residual** 5 9 74



DANDELION MANAGEMENT

IN ZONE-TILLAGE

Preventing establishment in

zone-tillage soybeans and corn

Controlling established plants

in continuous zone-tillage

13

DANDELION CONTROL

ZONE-TILLAGE SOYBEANS ASOY0311 and ASOY0212

2011 2012

Variety - AG 2002 AG 2031

Early Preplant - May 21 May 11

Planted - June 8 June 15

Glyphosate - July 7 July 9

% DANDELION CONTROL ZONE-TILLAGE SOYBEANS

ASOY0311 and ASOY0212

Herbicides* Rate

Amt/A

2011 (4)

5 WAT

2012 (5)

4 WAT

Express** 0.375 oz 95 85

Express** 0.5 oz 97 84

Untreated - 0 0

LSD (0.05) 11 9

*Received 22 fl oz/A Roundup PowerMax MPO

**Applied with 1% (v/v) crop oil concentrate.

DANDELION CONTROL ZONE-TILLAGE SOYBEANS

ASOY0311 and ASOY0212

Herbicides* Rate

Amt/A

2011 (4)

Bu/A

2012 (5)

Bu/A

Express** 0.375 oz 43 42

Express** 0.5 oz 42 44

Untreated - 34 18

LSD (0.05) 9 5

*Received 22 fl oz/A Roundup PowerMax MPO

**Applied with 1% (v/v) crop oil concentrate.

proceedings crop congress proceedings.pdf · 4 2008-2009 corn silage hybrid x seeding rate studies...

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