Critical Content and Literature Victor Rey Fumar

Critical Content and LiteratureVictor Rey FumarGrade 10 National Training of Trainers for the Luzon ClusterTeachers Camp, Baguio CityApril 25, 2015Critical Content and LiteratureHOW AND TO WHAT EXTENT

literary pieces are used to teach English the lessons develop communicative competencethe reading selections help the learners achieve literary competence

Literary CompetenceJonathan Culler defines literary competence as the ability to internalize the grammar of literature which would permit a reader to convert linguistic sequences into literary structures and meaning.

The Teaching of LiteratureThe writers and their milieu

The genre

The cultural implications

Intertextuality

Daedalus and IcarusMythic history of Athens and CreteAegean Sea - AegeusThe Labors of Theseus

Minoan civilization Knossos excavations Sir Arthur EvansAtlantis the lost continentDaedalus and IcarusForbidden themesAbduction and rape Zeus and EuropaBestiality Pasiphae and the bullCruelty the Minotaur eating humansSuicide AegeusEnvy and murder Daedalus killing his nephew

Daedalus and IcarusIntertextualityPeiter Brueghels painting, The Fall of IcarusW.H. Audens poem Musee Des Beaux ArtsWilliam Carlos Williams poem, Landscape with the Fall of Icarusthe movie, I, for Icarus

MUSEE DES BEAUX ARTS by W. H. Auden

About suffering they were never wrong,The Old Masters: how well they understoodIts human position; how it takes placeWhile someone else is eating or opening a window or just walking dully along;How, when the aged are reverently, passionately waitingFor the miraculous birth, there always must beChildren who did not specially want it to happen, skatingOn a pond at the edge of the wood:

They never forgotThat even the dreadful martyrdom must run its courseAnyhow in a corner, some untidy spotWhere the dogs go on with their doggy life and the torturer's horseScratches its innocent behind on a tree.

In Brueghel'sIcarus, for instance: how everything turns awayQuite leisurely from the disaster; the plowman mayHave heard the splash, the forsaken cry,But for him it was not an important failure; the sun shoneAs it had to on the white legs disappearing into the greenWater; and the expensive delicate ship that must have seenSomething amazing, a boy falling out of the sky,Had somewhere to get to and sailed calmly on.

LANDSCAPE WITH THE FALL OF ICARUSby William Carlos WilliamsAccording to Brueghelwhen Icarus fellit was springa farmer was ploughinghis fieldthe whole pageantryof the year wasawake tinglingnear

the edge of the seaconcernedwith itselfsweating in the sunthat meltedthe wings' waxunsignificantlyoff the coastthere wasa splash quite unnoticedit wasIcarus drowning.

The Gorgons HeadThe Oracle at DelphiDeath, disaster, and destiny

The Rule of three3 Gorgons: Stheno, Euryale, Medusa3 Gray Ones3 magical objects

The Gorgons HeadSituational irony-Bronze chamber prison-Death by discuss throw

Forbidden themes - Incest- Irreverence - Rape

The Gorgons HeadIntertextuality

-Percy Jackson series-Valentina-Perseus and Andromeda constellations-PegasusOrpheusThe Hero Mytha man who had a god or goddess as a parent or who lived when such people existed

Characteristics of the heroic view of lifeThe hero knows that he has superior qualities, and he uses them to win the praise of others.The hero makes the most of his extraordinary talents in order to surpass other men.

Orpheus3. The hero seeks dangerous tasks because by accomplishing them he shows his superior qualities.4. A personal sense of honor is most important for the hero.5. Fame and good reputation are the rewards of honor and are avidly sought by the hero.6. The hero is conscious of his own mortality; he is keenly aware that death removes all opportunity for obtaining greater fame.OrpheusOrphismA philosophic-religious cult whose devotees believed in reincarnation. After death, ones spirit drank of the River Lethe, forgot its previous existence, and entered life again, until, after three successive lives of virtue, one gained Elysium, a place of perfect happiness. An evil life resulted in prolonging the cycle of human existence and in delaying entrance into Elysium.OrpheusIntertextuality

The Hero with a Thousand Faces (Joseph Campbell)The Myth of Sisyphus (Albert Camus)Equus, a playArachne AthenaGoddess of Wisdom cleverness and cunning which she admired. Combined with courage.She would often assist heroes in their tasks when she found that they possessed such qualities: Perseus, Bellerophon, Heracles, Cadmus, and Jason.

ArachneWord Etymology

God versus mortals

Woman versus woman

How Odin Lost His EyeA Way of Seeing the World- Sense and sense impressions

The Power of the Gaze- Stargazers, seers- Perspectives and predictions- Media How Odin Lost His EyeIntertextuality

- Thor, movie sequels- The Bluest Eye (Toni Morisson)- The Cyclops- Oedipus RexThe KoranThe Islamic holy book, the Koran, contains the revelations that came to Mohammed during his life as a prophet. Islam emerged as a world religion in 622 known as the Hegira. The chapters in the Koran are short lyric defining the power of Allah and demanding the obedience of mortals. The Koran gradually widened in scope and included the duty of the faithful.The KoranHoly epithets- Similar to stock epithets: the Compassionate, the Merciful

Poetic devices- Anaphora- Refrains The AnalectsThe Analects are bits of wisdom, epigrams, and talks by Confucius.

The Analects instructs on moderation in all things through moral education.The AnalectsIntertextuality

- Tao Te Ching- The Dhamaphada- Urbana at FelizaInferno Canto IIThe graphic representations of-Purgatory, Hell, Heaven

The elaborate symbols and meanings- Birth, death, and resurrection- Sin, penance, salvation- Mortals, spirits, divine

The Song of RolandFeudalism and the Medieval Period

-The Rise of the Moors-The Crusades-The Age of Chivalry

The Song of RolandIntertextuality

- El Cid- The metrical tales- Arthurian legends- First Knight, the movieFrancesco PetrarchaHumanism and the Renaissance Period

Petrarchan Sonnet- rhyme scheme- meter- structureFormal Verses- English sonnets- Villanelle

Francesco PetrarchaIntertextuality

- Sonnets from the Portuguese (Elizabeth Barrett Browning)- Florante at Laura- Holy Sonnets (John Donne)The DecameronThe Bubonic Plaque or Black Death

Falconry and the Aristocracy

Literary devices- Irony of situation- Dramatic irony- The frame story

The Hunchback of Notre DameCruelty and torture through the agesDiscrimination of PWDsInjustice and the death penaltyClass antagonismsLove against all oddsThe Hunchback of Notre DameIntertextuality-The Universal Declaration of Human Rights-Human rights violations in the Philippines-The Flor Contemplacion caseThe Three Musketeers

The Three MusketeersIntertextuality

Fraternities and sororitiesGangs and syndicatesThe military establishmentThe Three MusketeersAdaptations

TheYoung Bladestelevision series is a sequel to the novels, centered on the son of d'Artagnan; similarly,Albert the Fifth Musketeeris an animated sequel.Three Musketeersis ananimeseries adaption, whileThe Three Musketeerswas an animated adaption that aired as part of Hanna-Barbera'sThe Banana SplitsComedy-Adventure Hour&The Banana Splits & Friendsshow.

The Three MusketeersThe Three Musketeerswas adapted as a serial by the BBC in 1954 and 1966.The Musketeers, a 2014 series byAdrian Hodges, is another BBC adaptation.Publisher Albert Lewis Kanter (18971973), createdClassic ComicsforElliot Publishing Companyin 1941 with its debut issues beingThe Three Musketeers.The Three Mouseketeerswas the title of two separate series produced byDC Comics;the first serieswas a loose parody ofThe Three Musketeers.

The Three MusketeersIn 1939, American authorTiffany Thayerpublished a book entitledThree Musketeers(Thayer, 1939). This is a re-telling of the story in Thayer's words, true to the original plot but told in a different order and with different points of view and emphasis from the original. TheKhaavren RomancesbySteven Brustare fantasy (or science-fiction) novels heavily influenced byThe Three Musketeersand its sequels; the characters and social background are closer to Dumas's than the plots.

The Three MusketeersIn 2010,Anuman InteractivelaunchedThe Three Musketeers, ahidden object gameon PC and MAC. Players follow d'Artagnan in his quest to become a king's musketeer.

The PlagueSymbols and their meanings

The absurdity and meaninglessness of human existence

Hope over despair

ExistentialismThe PlagueIntertextuality- Tragedies and disasters- Natural calamities- Yolanda aftermathA Day in the Countryby Anton ChechovH He received a medical degree at the University of Moscow in 1884, but he soon neglected his medical practice in order to write. His numerous stories and plays gave him a commanding position in literary Russia. He gave a poignant illumination to such human experiences as loneliness, grief, hunger, and misery. e received a medical degree at the University of Moscow in 1884, but he soon neglected his medical practice in order to write. His numerous stories and plays gave him a commanding position in literary Russia. He gave a poignant illumination to such human experiences as loneliness, grief, hunger, and misery. Among Hrecei a medical degree at the University of Moscow in 1884, but he soon neglected his medical practice in order to write. His numerous stories and plays gave him a commanding position in literary Russia. He gave a poignant illumination to such human experiences as loneliness, grief, hunger, and misery. Among

His numerous stories and plays gave him a commanding position in literary Russia. He gave a poignant illumination to such human experiences as loneliness, grief, hunger, and misery. Song of AutumnSound devices-alliteration-onomatopoeia-assonanceImagery-sense impressions

15 Songs about Autumn1. Wake Me Up When September Ends Green Day2.Gone Till November Wyclef Jean3.Girl from the North Country Bob Dylan & Johnny Cash4.October Broken Bells5.California Dreamin' The Mamas & The Papas6.Harvest Moon Neil Young7.Autumn In New YorkBille Holiday8.Dead Leaves and the Dirty Ground The White Stripes

15 Songs about Autumn9.Autumn Bombay Bicycle Club10.Country Song Jake Bugg11.Autumn Almanac The Kinks12.Grand Theft Autumn/Where Is Your Boy Fall Out Boy13.Autumn Leaves(ft. Kendrick Lamar) Chris Brown14.Blood On The Leaves Kanye West15.November Rain Guns N' Roses

A Grain as Big as a Hens Egg

Regarded as the greatest 19th century Russian writer, he is remembered most for his novels War and Peace and Anna Karenina and for his short stories that probed human nature and its strengths and weaknesses. The Little Prince

The Little Prince1.Do what makes you happy because your heart knows best.2.Never lose that childish ability to see whats really important in life.3.All you need is to truly love one thing to be filled with love for everything.4.The grass always seems greener elsewhere, so remember thats just an illusion and be happy where you are.

The Little Prince5.Youll travel the most by going off the beaten path and taking twists and turns.6.Stay humble.7.Before you criticize others, reflect upon your own actions.8.Break out of endless self-destructive cycles.9.While youre building your career, dont forget to enjoy life.

The Little Prince10.Dont just be a geographer; be an explorer.11.Take the time out to get to know people and then work to maintain those relationships.12.Youre never really alone when you feel alone because everyone feels the same way.

The Little Prince13.You are always obligated to the people who you have allowed to love you.14.Sometimes, a silent look or a hug is enough.15.There are so many wonderful things out there in your future. You cant see them yet, but theyre there.

Kaffir Boy Education will open doors where none seem to exist.

Kaffir Boy Kaffir Boyhas been banned in a number of schools, one of these beingCedar Crest High School, where the ban made headlines.The bans are due to a controversial scene involving child prostitution and sodomy, which some have referred to as pornography, sparking another headline defending the scene.Kaffir Boy While Mathabane wrote an article for the Washington Post stating that he would prefer it to be banned completely to being revised or censored,Mathabane has since authorized a revised version for use in such schools.The unrevised book is still used as high school reading material regardless of the controversial scenes.

Kaffir Boy The bookKaffir Boyhas won the prestigiousChristopher Awardfor inspiring hope. The book reached number one on theWashington PostBestsellers List and number three on theNew York TimesBestsellers List. It has also been chosen by theAmerican Library Associationfor inclusion on the list of Outstanding Books for the College-Bound and Life-Long Learners.

Kaffir Boy Intertextuality

- The Long Walk to Freedom by Nelson Mandela

- Cry the Beloved, Allan Paton

-Censorship

The United Fruit CompanyAnti-imperialist stance of the poet

Latin American history

His controversial death

The United Fruit CompanyHe drew the inspiration for some of his best poems from objects that others hardly notice. Much of Nerudas later work expresses political sentiments. In 1971 he received the Nobel Prize for Literature. The United Fruit CompanyIntertextuality

The poems of Gabriela MistralThe House of the Spirits, Isabel AllendeOne Hundred Years of Solitude, Gabriel Garcia MarquezThe end of the US embargo against Cuba

Rethinking the Goals of Teaching LiteratureDevelop and/or extend literary competence.Develop and/or enhance learners imagination and creativity.Develop students character and emotional maturity.

Rethinking the Goals of Teaching Literature4. Develop creative thinking.

5. Develop literary appreciation and refine ones reading taste.

THANK YOU AND HAPPY TEACHING!