crichter csp state of the art
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8/3/2019 CRichter CSP State of the Art
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Focus on Concentrating Solar Power
The state of the art of the technology
Futures e-project workshop:
Harmonisation and Coordination of European Renewable Electricity support mechanisms
Options and Consequences for the Mediterranean Countries – 1. October, Rome, Italy
Christoph Richter
German Aerospace Center (DLR) - Executive Secretary SolarPACES
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FOCUS on CSP – some PS10 Impressions
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• firm capacity,
power on demand via
storage or hybrid operation
• additional process heat for
cooling, drying, seawater
desalination, etc.
Fuel
Power CycleProcess Heat
Electricity
Principle of a Conventional Thermal Power Plant
ConcentratingSolar Collector
Field
Solar Heat
ThermalEnergy
Storage
• concentrated,storable solar thermal
energy as fuel saver
Principle of a Concentrating Solar Thermal Power Plant
8/3/2019 CRichter CSP State of the Art
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Concentrating solar technologies: basic layout schemes
Solar
Receiver
Heliostats
Absorber
Tube
Pipe with
thermal fluid
Curved mirror
Receiver / Engine
Reflector
Central Receiver
Parabolic Trough
Dish/Engine
Linear Fresnel
Absorber tube and
reconcentrator
Curved
mirror
Solar
Receiver
Heliostats
Solar
Receiver
Heliostats
Absorber
Tube
Pipe with
thermal fluid
Curved mirror
Receiver / Engine
Reflector
Receiver / Engine
Reflector
Central Receiver
Parabolic Trough
Dish/Engine
Linear Fresnel
Absorber tube and
reconcentrator
Curved
mirror
Linear Concentration
C: 100, T: ~ 500° C
Point Concentration
C: 1000+, T: ~ 1000° C
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Current projects, US: Nevada Solar One, 64 MW
64 MW Parabolic Trough Plant, Nevada, Startup 6/2007
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95
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100
A v a i l a
b i l i t y - %
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
III IV V VI VII
The SEGS Experience in California
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
D i r e c t N o r m a l R a d i a t i o m [ W / m ² ]
05:00 07:00 09:00 11:00 13:00 15:00 17:00 19:00 21:00
Solar to Electric
Efficiency (gross)
Direct Normal Radiation
Thermal Solar Field Efficiency
-
Solar Efficiencies Measured at SEGS VIon July 1997 by KJC Operating Company
High availabilityHigh solar efficiency
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Plant layout Andasol
Turbina de vapor
Condensador
Precalentador
de presión baja
Sobrecalentador
Precalentador
solar
Recalentador solar
Generador de vapor
Tanque deexpansión
Campo Solar
Caldera
Combustibe
(Opcional)
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Andasol 50 MW plant, power block and thermal
storage tanks
22 tankstanks::
ØØ = 36 m= 36 m
h = 14 mh = 14 m
28.500 tm28.500 tm
molten saltmolten salt
7,5 h storage7,5 h storage
a 50 MWa 50 MW
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Concentrating Solar Power
Status of commercial technology
Parabolic Trough
HTF: Thermal OilMature and commercially proven technology
Competing products with similar dimensions
Plant sizes: 14 – 80 MWe
Power Tower
Water/steam: First commercial systems (10/20 MWe)
Molten salt: Commercial system under development (17 MWe)
Air: Pre-commercial pilot plant under construction (1,5 MWe)
Linear Fresnel
Prototype systems with significant industrial engagement
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Development Stage CSP Technologies
Parabolic Trough Solar Power Tower Dish-Stirling Linear Fresnel
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R&D for next steps: Solar Thermal Power Facilities
Worldwide
PSI (CH)
Solar One (US)
WIS (IL)
CNRS (F) CRTF Sandia (US)
PSA (E)
ANU (AUS)WIS (IL)
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2008: 13 Members of IEA SolarPACES IA
SolarPACESis a worldwide coalition of 12 member
countries collaborating and sharing
information on technology developmentand applications of concentrated solar
energy
MEXICO
USA
SOUTH AFRICA
ISRAEL
EGYPT
SPAINSWITZERLAND
GERMANYFRANC
E
EUROPEAN COMMISSION
AUSTRALIA
ALGERIA
AUSTRALIA GERMANY
SOUTH
AFRICA
ALGERIA EGYPT EU FRANCE ISRAEL MEXICO SPAIN SWITZER-
LAND
UNITED
STATES
COREA
COREA
Interested: Greece,
Austria, Italy, UAE,Namibia, Portugal
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• T = 400°C
• p = 100 bar
• l = 500 m (700 m)
• P th≈
1,5 MW• all operation modes are
realizable
• more than 8000 operation
hours
Parabolic Troughs - DSG
Erection of DISS Test Facility
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Parabolic Troughs – DSG
Achievements
▪ potential of cost reduction determined to
be 11-15% (compared to HTF)
▪ feasibility proven at life size test-facility
▪ development of absorber tubes for
T = 500°C
▪ detailed engineering of first demonstration
plant finished
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Parabolic Troughs – DSG
Outlook
▪ erection of demonstration plant
▪ development of storage system
▪ demonstrate feasibility of several
parallel loops
▪
optimize operation strategy
▪ minimize investment
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Solar Towers
Increase power block efficiency
▪ Power block already fully developed
▪ Increase operation temperature
▪ Use appropriate working fluid
▪ air
▪ water/steam
▪ molten salt
▪ sodium
▪…
▪ Change power cycleG
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Rankine
η = 16 % (annual)Rankine
η = 16 % (annual)
CC
η = 25 % (annual)
Solar Towers
Solar-hybrid gas turbine systems (SGT)
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Parabolic Troughs & Solar Towers
Summary
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
PS-10 Trough
(HTF)
Trough
(DSG)
Tower
(Salt)
Tower
(Na/Sn)
Tower
(Air/CC)
T e m p e r
a t u r e [ ° C ]
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▪ R&D concentrates on cost reduction of CSP systems
▪
One promising option is to increase operation temperature
▪ For trough systems 500°C are realistic in the mid term
▪ For solar towers 1000°C have been demonstrated
▪ SGT system has highest solar to electricity efficiency
▪ A standard technology is not likely for the future
R&D tasks
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Options for process heat applications > 200° C
Collector area
Storage tank
Heat (hot water)
Steam
gene-
rator
Steam
manifoldSteam
Existing steam boiler
Absorption chiller
Hotel complex
Air
conditioning
Space
heating,
laundry, foodpreparation
Steam
Chilled
water system
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Future HVDC Grid for long Distance Transfer as
Complement to the Existing AC Grid for Local Supply
Wind Power
Geothermal
Hydropower
Biomass
Solar Power
Conventional
Wind Power
Geothermal
Hydropower
Biomass
Solar Power
Conventional
HVDC: High Voltage Direct Current Transmission